CN112980451A - Soil conditioner applied to ecological slope protection and soil improvement method thereof - Google Patents
Soil conditioner applied to ecological slope protection and soil improvement method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112980451A CN112980451A CN202110203036.XA CN202110203036A CN112980451A CN 112980451 A CN112980451 A CN 112980451A CN 202110203036 A CN202110203036 A CN 202110203036A CN 112980451 A CN112980451 A CN 112980451A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D3/00—Calcareous fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a soil conditioner applied to ecological slope protection and a method for improving soil by using the soil conditioner. According to the invention, by adding cement, additives, fertilizers and the like, the physical properties of the soil are improved, soil conditions suitable for plant growth are achieved, a stable soil structure is formed, the survival rate and the growth condition of crops are greatly improved, the slope protection capability is further enhanced under the anchoring effect of plant root systems, the significance of resource recycling and environmental protection is achieved, and the concept of green development is met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of civil engineering materials, designs an ecological slope protection technology, and particularly relates to a soil conditioner applied to ecological slope protection and a method for improving soil by using the soil conditioner.
Background
The expansive soil is a special clay, and the property of water absorption expansion and water loss shrinkage is not suitable for engineering application in engineering property, and is often treated as engineering waste soil. Likewise, it is not suitable for growing plants in an agricultural nature. Plants growing on swelled soil often die due to various factors unfavorable to plant survival, such as poor soil fertility and poor water retention. At present, the country advocates green development and also the recycling of waste resources. Therefore, the experiment is combined with the concept of resource recycling, and the feasibility of ecological improvement of the expansive soil and application of the expansive soil to plant cultivation is explored. In ecological slope protection engineering, slope vegetation is in a critical position. The stems and leaves of the vegetation can block rainfall, play a role in buffering and have the effect of water and soil conservation. The root system of the vegetation can fix soil, play the role of anchoring and simultaneously can enhance the overall stability of the slope soil body. Therefore, the growth condition of the slope vegetation directly influences the overall stability of the slope. Therefore, if the expansive soil is applied to the slope ecological protection technology, the research on the ecological improvement of the expansive soil is very important. The invention provides a soil conditioner applied to ecological slope protection and a preparation method thereof, which are different from the prior art, and the anti-scouring capability of a slope base material in an expansive land area is improved by introducing substances such as cement, ecological fertilizer, greening additives and the like, so that the slope protection capability is improved; meanwhile, the introduction of the cement and the greening additive adjusts the pH value of the expansive soil, so that the soil reaches the condition suitable for plant growth, and the slope protection capability is further enhanced under the anchoring effect of the plant root system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a soil conditioner applied to ecological slope protection, and aims to solve the problem that expansive soil cannot be used as base material soil of the ecological slope protection and the problem of resource waste caused by the fact that the expansive soil is used as engineering waste soil in the prior art.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides a be applied to soil conditioner of ecological bank protection which characterized in that: the dry expansive soil improving agent comprises, by 100 parts by weight of the total weight of dry expansive soil to be improved, 0-9 parts of cement, 0-4 parts of greening additive, 1-8 parts of ecological fertilizer, 5-15 parts of humus and 0.2-2 parts of plant fiber.
Preferably, the cement is 42.5 Portland cement.
Preferably, the ecological fertilizer is animal manure.
Preferably, the greening additive comprises the following main components: nitrogen fixation bacteria agent, phosphate decomposing bacteria agent and silicate bacteria agent, wherein the total pH value is as follows: 3 to 4.
Preferably, the humus is humus peanut shells.
Preferably, the plant fiber is dry water moss powder.
Preferably, the total weight of the dry expansive soil to be improved by the expansive soil improving agent is 100 parts, 5 parts of cement, 2 parts of greening additive, 5 parts of ecological fertilizer, 10 parts of humus and 1 part of plant fiber.
The invention also provides a method for improving soil by using the soil conditioner, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, crushing the dried expansive soil, and sieving the crushed expansive soil through a sieve to remove coarse particles;
s2, weighing cement and greening additives according to the mass of the expansive soil in proportion, adding water and uniformly mixing with the expansive soil to obtain an initial improved substance;
s3, weighing the ecological fertilizer, the humus and the plant fiber according to the proportion, adding the ecological fertilizer, the humus and the plant fiber into the obtained initial improved substance, and uniformly mixing to obtain the improved soil base material. The improved soil substrate can be used for ecological plant planting by using the soil main component of the ecological slope protection.
Preferably, in step S1, the swelled ground is sieved by using a 8mm sieve.
Preferably, the water content of the initial modified product obtained in step S2 is 15 to 25%.
The invention adopts the method of mixing cement, fertilizer and the like in the expansive soil filler for treatment, and the improved working mechanism is generally thought to be as follows: firstly, the cement can be used as a gelatinizing agent to improve the expansion and shrinkage of the expansive soil. Secondly, the chicken manure is used as an ecological fertilizer, so that the structure and the physicochemical property of soil can be changed, the soil is loosened, the water permeability and the fertilizer retention of the soil are increased, elements required by plants such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like are provided, the propagation of microorganisms is promoted, and the organic content of the soil is increased. Thirdly, the vegetation concrete greening additive can adjust the pH value of the soil, so that the soil presents a neutral and weak alkaline pH environment and is suitable for plant growth. And fourthly, the dry water moss powder is used as plant fiber, so that the air permeability and the water retention of the soil can be improved, the root system of the plant is prevented from rotting, insect damage is reduced, and the survival capability of the plant in dry seasons is improved. And fifthly, the humus peanut shells can improve the water retention and soil moisture preservation capability of soil and improve the root ventilation capability. The method selects common slope protection plants of bermuda grass and common flowery knotweed blue as research objects and establishes a planting model test, and selects the optimal proportion of the ecological improvement base material of the expansive soil by observing ecological indexes of the bermuda grass and the common flowery knotweed blue under different proportion test base materials, such as tooth emergence time, germination rate, average growth height, coverage rate and the like, namely, the total weight of the dry expansive soil to be improved is 100 parts, namely 5 parts of cement, 2 parts of greening additive, 5 parts of ecological fertilizer, 10 parts of humus and 1 part of plant fiber.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention is different from the situation of the prior art, and provides the soil conditioner of the ecological slope protection and the preparation method, by adding substances such as cement, ecological fertilizer, plant fiber and the like, the swelling and shrinking property, the soil structure and the physicochemical property of expansive soil are improved, so that the organic content of the soil is increased; meanwhile, the introduction of the vegetation concrete greening additive enables the expansive soil to present a neutral pH environment with weak base, so as to achieve a soil condition suitable for plant growth, and further enhance the slope protection capability under the anchoring effect of plant root systems.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the change of pH value with time of an initial improving composition for improving soil using the soil conditioner of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a soil conditioner applied to ecological slope protection, which comprises 0-9 parts of cement, 0-4 parts of greening additive, 1-8 parts of ecological fertilizer, 5-15 parts of humus and 0.2-2 parts of plant fiber, wherein the total weight of dry expansive soil to be improved by the expansive soil conditioner is 100 parts.
Specifically, the relevant mechanism and advantages of the soil conditioner applied to ecological slope protection are elaborated in detail: (1) because a small amount of cement is added into the soil conditioner applied to the ecological slope protection, the expansion and shrinkage properties of the expansive soil are improved by utilizing the property that the cement can be used as a gelatinizing agent, and particularly, the small amount of cement can effectively fill gaps among particles of the expansive soil body, so that a structural system of the water seepage soil is tighter, the shear strength of a slope body is increased, and meanwhile, an ecological slope protection substrate with excellent mechanical property is obtained. (2) The alkalinity of the cement and vegetation concrete greening additive is utilized to reduce the overall pH value of the base material modifier, so that the expansive soil is changed into a soil condition suitable for plant planting, and meanwhile, the characteristics of the expansive soil originally with low fertility can be improved by adding substances such as ecological fertilizer, plant fiber and the like, so that the expansive soil is more suitable for plant growth. (3) When the expansive soil is changed into soil conditions suitable for plant planting, plants can be planted on the slope base material, the pH value of the slope base material is further close to neutral along with the time by utilizing the characteristic that the pH value can be adjusted in the plant growth process, the environment condition more suitable for plant growth is achieved, and the anti-scouring capability of the slope is further enhanced by utilizing the anchoring effect of a plant root system.
The invention also provides a method for improving soil by using the soil conditioner, which comprises the following steps:
s1: the dried swelled ground is crushed and sieved with a sieve of 8mm to remove coarse particles. In this step, the sieve is required to be used for multiple screening to ensure the precision.
S2: 1kg of expansive soil, 0-90 g of cement, 0-36 g of vegetation concrete greening additive and 200g of water are uniformly mixed to obtain an initial test base material, and the water content of the initial test base material is ensured to be about 20% after mixing.
S3: and adding 50g of ecological fertilizer, 30g of dry water moss powder and 100g of humus peanut shells into the S2 initial test base material to obtain the base material modifier for ecological restoration.
The soil conditioner and the method for preparing the soil conditioner applied to ecological slope protection in the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following embodiments.
A method for improving soil by using the soil conditioner comprises the following specific steps:
s1: spreading the expansive soil on the ground, turning the soil every two hours to ensure that the whole is dried in the sun and only part of the soil is not dried in the sun, placing the expansive soil in a soil pulverizer to be crushed after the drying in the sun, and sieving the crushed soil by using a sieve with the aperture of 8mm to obtain the expansive soil particles with the particle diameter of less than 8 mm.
S2: weighing 1kg of expansive soil, weighing cement, a greening additive and 200g of water according to a proportion, uniformly mixing to obtain an initial improved composition, and ensuring that the water content of the initial improved composition is about 20% after mixing so as to enable the initial improved composition to be in a semi-dry state, so that the budding condition of cement plants under different cement and green additive mixing amounts is researched subsequently; concrete amounts of cement and greening additives are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 weight Table of raw Material Components of the initial modified compositions (unit: g)
S3: and weighing the chicken manure, the dry water moss powder and the humus peanut shells according to the proportion (the specific proportion is shown in table 2), adding the weighed chicken manure, the dry water moss powder and the humus peanut shells into the initial mixed improved substance S2, and uniformly mixing to obtain the improved soil base material applied to the ecological slope protection.
TABLE 2 quality of improved soil base Material composition Table (unit: g)
After the step S3 is completed, twelve groups of experimental samples of improved soil base materials applied to the ecological slope protection, such as G1-G5, D1-D5, K1, K2, are prepared, and the twelve experimental samples are used for the ecological slope protection to perform plant cultivation tests, wherein the specific plant cultivation steps in the embodiment are as follows:
(1) soaking the plant seeds in clear water for 20-24h to obtain seeds to be sowed, wherein the plant seeds are preferably bermuda grass seeds. Wherein, the plant seeds for planting are preferably herbaceous plants or shrub plant seeds, or the mixture of the two plant seeds; the herbaceous plant comprises Bermuda grass, Lolium perenne or tall fescue, preferably Bermuda grass in south, and Lolium perenne or tall fescue in north; the shrub plants comprise magnolia multiflora, trifolium repens or robinia pseudoacacia, and the seeds of the two plants have the characteristics of high germination rate, strong stress resistance, developed root system and rapid growth, can be quickly covered on a slope surface when being planted on the slope treated by the improved soil base material, play a role in controlling early water and soil loss, and can establish a stable slope surface ecological system.
(2) Twelve groups of improved soil base materials are prepared according to the mixture ratio in the table 2, the base materials are numbered according to the cement mixing amount from small to large, the bermuda grass groups are sequentially G1-G5, another group of blank control groups are K1, the magnolia multiflora groups are sequentially D1-D5, another group of blank control groups are K2, and 0.42G of bermuda grass seeds and 0.42G of magnolia multiflora seeds are weighed by using an electronic scale with the precision of 0.001G.
(3) Laying the improved soil base material on a slope surface, and sowing seeds to be sown according to the sowing quantity of 20 g/square meter, wherein the laying thickness of the improved soil base material is 8-10 cm; then covering a layer of fine soil with the thickness of about 2 mm-4 mm on the surface of the improved soil base material, and watering for moistening, wherein the watering frequency is once every morning and night.
The above experimental groups G1 to G5, D1 to D5, K1 and K2 were placed under the same environmental conditions for two months for simultaneous observation by way of periodic observation, and the germination time, the number of germinated seeds and the average stem length of the bermuda grass seeds and the magnolia multiflora seeds were recorded, and the results are shown in tables 3 and 4.
TABLE 3 comparison table of the budding situation of Bermuda grass seeds
TABLE 4 comparison table of mean stem length of Bermuda grass (unit: cm)
It can be seen from tables 3 and 4 that the germination time of the plants is not exactly the same for the improved soil base material of 12 different proportions. Among the planting tests of the bermuda grass group, the group that germinated first and had the largest number of sprouts was test group G3. The group starts to sprout 5 days after sowing, the number of plant sprouts is increased along with the increase of planting time, and after the number of sprouts is stable, compared with other test groups, the number of sprouts reaches 115, and the group has the maximum number of sprouts in the planting test of the bermuda grass group. In comparison with the blank control group K1, the soil improvement substrate component was a plain expansive soil without any component added. The group of bermuda grass planted began to germinate 14 days after the sowing, and was the test group that germinated the latest among the bermuda grass groups. Although the number of sprouts in this group increased correspondingly with the increase of planting time, the number of sprouts was 39, which was at the lowest level compared to the other bermuda grass planting test groups. The germination number test results of the experimental group of the flowery blues are observed to be similar to the germination number test results of the group of the bermudagrass. The germination number of the floret magnolia variegata group is the largest in the test group D3. However, the germination time was also the earliest test group compared to the other floret magnolia test groups, D2 and D3. The blank control group K2 was observed in a reverse manner, and it was found that the group of Ficus maackii Georgi began to germinate only on day 9 after sowing, and that the total number of sprouts was 11, which was also at the lowest level in the Ficus maackii Georgi group, until the number of sprouts was stabilized.
The results shown in table 3 were analyzed in three respects: in the first aspect, the comparison analysis of the blank control groups K1 and K2 with other test groups revealed that in the vegetarian swelling soil matrix without any ecological improvement material, the average growth heights of the herbaceous plant Bermuda grass and the shrub plant Dolichos igniarius were lower than the average growth height of the plants in the ecologically improved swelling soil matrix, and the maximum average growth heights were 1.8cm and 2.3cm, respectively. In the second aspect, the seeding time of the test is 10 months, after the plants germinate, the time gradually changes into autumn and winter, and the growth speed of the bermuda grass and the flowery knotweed blue is relatively slowed down. However, since the change in the atmospheric temperature is an overall influence, it is not considered when the growth potential analysis is performed. The average growth height of the plants of the 12 groups of substrates is observed, and the overall growth rule of the plants is similar although the growth speed of the plants is not consistent and the growth height of the plants is not the same in different time periods. The growth speed of the herbaceous plant Bermuda grass and the shrub plant Mucuna floribunda is close to the uniform growth. According to the plant growth curves of the Bermuda grass and the magnolia sieboldii, the Bermuda grass is influenced more than the magnolia sieboldii under the action of base materials with different proportions. The growth curves of bermuda grass are overall looser compared to the growth curves of flowery blues, the distances between the curves are closer before 30 days, and after 30 days, the distances are pulled apart. Therefore, the ecological improvement substrate has a larger promoting effect on the growth of the grass botanic plant bermudagrass than on the growth of the shrub plant common flowery blues, and the promoting effect is not obvious in the early stage and is more obvious in the later stage. In the third aspect, as can be seen from table 4, the numbers of the substrates with the highest average growth height of bermuda grass and the flowery knotweed blue are G3 and D3, respectively, i.e., the substrates G3 and D3 have the greatest effect of promoting plant growth.
In combination with the above analysis, it was found that the amount of germination and the final average growth of the herbaceous plant Bermuda grass and the shrub plant Ficus bengalensis planted in the improved soil base material were improved compared to the plants grown in the vegetarian swelling soil without any ecological improving material added under the effect of the base material of different proportions. In the base materials with different proportions, the base material proportion of G3 and D3 leads the sprouting quantity and the growth height of the bermuda grass and the plant with the flowery knotweed blue planted in the base materials to be ahead of those of the plants with the base materials with other proportions in the same period, which shows that the ecological improvement material is doped to effectively improve the soil environment of the expansive soil and lead the expansive soil to better meet the requirements of plant growth. In addition, experiments show that the change of the base material proportion has great influence on the growth of the cynodon dactylon. According to the result, the base material ratio of G3 and D3 is determined to be the optimal ratio of the planting test.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express the embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a be applied to soil conditioner of ecological bank protection which characterized in that: the dry expansive soil improving agent comprises, by 100 parts by weight of the total weight of dry expansive soil to be improved, 0-9 parts of cement, 0-4 parts of greening additive, 1-8 parts of ecological fertilizer, 5-15 parts of humus and 0.2-2 parts of plant fiber.
2. The soil conditioner for ecological slope protection according to claim 1, wherein: the cement is 42.5 ordinary portland cement.
3. The soil conditioner for ecological slope protection according to claim 1, wherein: the ecological fertilizer is animal manure.
4. The soil conditioner for ecological slope protection as claimed in claim 1, wherein the greening additive comprises the following main components: nitrogen fixation bacteria agent, phosphate decomposing bacteria agent and silicate bacteria agent, wherein the total pH value is as follows: 3 to 4.
5. The soil conditioner for ecological slope protection according to claim 1, wherein the humus is humus peanut shells.
6. The soil conditioner for ecological slope protection as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plant fiber is dry moss powder.
7. A method of improving soil using the soil amendment of any of claims 1-6, comprising the steps of:
s1, crushing the dried expansive soil, and sieving the crushed expansive soil through a sieve to remove coarse particles;
s2, weighing cement and greening additives according to the mass of the expansive soil in proportion, adding water and uniformly mixing with the expansive soil to obtain an initial improved substance;
s3, weighing the ecological fertilizer, the humus and the plant fiber according to the proportion, adding the ecological fertilizer, the humus and the plant fiber into the obtained initial improved substance, and uniformly mixing to obtain the improved soil base material.
8. The method of improving soil as claimed in claim 7, wherein: in step S1, the swelled ground is sieved through a 8mm sieve.
9. The method of improving soil as claimed in claim 7, wherein: in step S2, the water content of the obtained initial modified product is 15-25%.
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| CN114319395A (en) * | 2022-01-30 | 2022-04-12 | 湖北工业大学 | Ecological bag modified expansive soil flexible ecological slope protection structure and construction method |
| CN115413441A (en) * | 2022-07-13 | 2022-12-02 | 广州大学 | Preparation method and application of regenerated soil |
| CN115368063A (en) * | 2022-08-30 | 2022-11-22 | 广西大学 | Bagasse fiber composite low-alkali cement modified expansive soil and construction method of bagasse fiber composite low-alkali cement modified expansive soil applied to side slope |
| CN115368063B (en) * | 2022-08-30 | 2023-08-11 | 广西大学 | Bagasse fiber composite low-alkali cement modified expansive soil and construction method for applying same to side slope |
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Application publication date: 20210618 |