CN115368063B - Bagasse fiber composite low-alkali cement modified expansive soil and construction method for applying same to side slope - Google Patents

Bagasse fiber composite low-alkali cement modified expansive soil and construction method for applying same to side slope Download PDF

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CN115368063B
CN115368063B CN202211048444.3A CN202211048444A CN115368063B CN 115368063 B CN115368063 B CN 115368063B CN 202211048444 A CN202211048444 A CN 202211048444A CN 115368063 B CN115368063 B CN 115368063B
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soil
expansive soil
modified
expansive
dried
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CN115368063A (en
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刘喜
巫志文
刘灿
张红日
张箭
杨济铭
李俊锋
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Guangxi University
Hohai University HHU
Guangxi Jiaoke Group Co Ltd
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Hohai University HHU
Guangxi Jiaoke Group Co Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
    • E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
    • C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)

Abstract

The bagasse fiber composite low-alkali cement modified expansive soil comprises air-dried expansive soil, low-alkali cement, bagasse fiber and water, wherein the low-alkali cement accounts for 6% -8% of the mass of the dried expansive soil, the bagasse fiber accounts for 0.5% -0.9% of the mass of the dried expansive soil, and the mass of the water is determined by the plastic limit of the mixing soil and the optimal water content. The construction method of the modified expansive soil applied to the side slope takes a Kong Tugong grid chamber as a framework, graded broken stones are filled in the framework, the modified expansive soil is paved on the framework and compacted to form a modified soil layer, and finally, the mixture of the alien soil and the slope protection grass seeds is sprayed to form the alien soil layer. The modified expansive soil disclosed by the invention can obviously improve the compressive strength and the shear strength of the expansive soil, inhibit the expansion and contraction deformation and crack development of the expansive soil, has little influence on the environment and plant growth, and can realize green slope protection; the construction method of the modified expansive soil applied to the side slope can effectively enhance the overall rigidity and stability of the side slope and normalize the construction steps of the side slope modified soil.

Description

Bagasse fiber composite low-alkali cement modified expansive soil and construction method for applying same to side slope
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of geological disaster treatment and geotechnical engineering, and particularly relates to bagasse fiber composite low-alkali cement modified expansive soil and a construction method for applying the same to a side slope.
Background
Swelling soil is a special soil that swells and shrinks due to water absorption, and is also called "cancer soil" due to the intractability and severity of the swelling soil problem. The swelling and shrinking property, the fissure property and the super consolidation property of the expansive soil cause great potential safety hazards to the artificial building built on the expansive soil.
At present, aiming at the problem of expansive soil slope treatment, a tamping method, a soil replacement method, a wet preservation method, a rigid support, a flexible support, a physical and chemical improvement method and the like are commonly used. According to engineering practice, the compaction method has very limited treatment effect on the medium and strong expansive soil; the soil replacement method has the problems of high soil transportation cost, accumulation of waste soil and the like; the wet preservation method is often combined with other treatment modes to operate together, so that the effect is good, and the construction is complex; the common rigid support effect is not considerable due to the huge expansion force of the expansive soil; the flexible support such as geotechnical woven bags is adopted by students, so that the effects of buffering expansion force and weakening expansion deformation can be achieved, but the problems of difficult construction, complex later maintenance and the like exist. For the physicochemical modification method, the prior engineering uses two materials of lime and cement, and cations such as Ca in hydration products of the two materials 2+ Can replace and adsorb ions to reduce the content of hydrophilic minerals in clay, ca 2+ 、OH - The gel component formed by the reaction of the gel component and clay mineral after penetrating into the soil body can play a role in bridging soil particles and blocking gaps of the soil particles, so that the liquid limit is reduced, and the shear strength of the soil body is increased; the scholars can successfully improve the strength and the crack inhibition performance of the expansive soil by doping the expansive soil with nano graphite powder, shell powder, steel slag, lignin fiber, basalt fiber, polypropylene fiber, polyethylene fiber, wood chip fiber and the like; the disadvantages are: (1) the common cement modified soil is strong in alkalinity and has great influence on environment, (2) many of the prior researchesThe cost of several fibers is high, and the engineering practice is not facilitated, (3) the conventional construction method of the expansive soil slope adopts mechanical rough polishing of the modified soil according to the required thickness of the modified soil layer, then a vibration compactor is used for repeatedly compacting to a preset compaction degree, and finally the slope is manually and accurately leveled, so that the problems of complicated construction steps, poor overall stability of the slope, obvious slope seepage, incapability of realizing ecological slope protection and the like exist.
The patent of CN101423353B discloses a method for improving expansive soil by using waste casting sand and a construction method, and the patent provides an improvement method for changing waste into valuables, but has the problems of (1) overlarge modified admixture ratio, low economic benefit, poor mixing uniformity, (2) general improvement effect on expansive soil strength, (3) undefined construction scheme, incapability of guaranteeing overall stability and seepage of a side slope and the like. The patent application of CN102352622A discloses a method for modifying expansive soil by alkaline residue and a construction method, which play an important role in the development of the expansive soil modification treatment field, but have the following problems: (1) The modified admixture has overlarge proportion, low economic benefit and poor mixing uniformity; (2) ecological environmental protection issues are not considered; (3) The alkaline residue acquisition path is single, and the acquisition difficulty is changed greatly along with the change of the project position; (4) The construction scheme cannot ensure the overall stability of the slope, seepage and the like. The patent of CN103233458B discloses an expansive soil modified by waste straw ash and marble ash, a preparation method thereof and application thereof in construction, discloses an economic expansive soil modifying admixture, effectively improves the mechanical property of expansive soil, and carefully describes a modified soil construction method, but has the following defects: the modified admixture occupies larger area and has lower economic benefit; (2) ecological environmental protection issues are not considered; (3) the curing time of the modified soil before construction is short; and (4) the construction process is complicated. The patent of CN103882855B discloses a expansive soil cement modification and filling construction method, which makes a contribution to cement modified soil construction research by combining the actual construction process, but has the following problems: (1) The optimal cement doping amount is measured singly and the doping ratio is not defined; (2) ecological environmental protection issues are not considered; (3) the curing time of the modified soil is not clear.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems that the prior physicochemical method for modifying the expansive soil has high doping cost and is unfavorable for ecological protection, the invention provides the bagasse fiber composite low-alkaline cement modified expansive soil and the construction method for applying the bagasse fiber composite low-alkaline cement modified expansive soil to a side slope, which can obviously improve the compressive strength and the shear strength of the expansive soil; the expansion deformation and crack development of the expansive soil can be effectively inhibited; the effect of the admixture on the environment and plant growth is small, and the green slope protection can be realized; the method can effectively enhance the overall rigidity and stability of the side slope and normalize the construction steps of the side slope modified soil.
The invention adopts the technical scheme for solving the technical problems that:
the bagasse fiber composite low-alkali cement modified expansive soil comprises air-dried expansive soil, low-alkali cement, bagasse fiber and water, wherein the low-alkali cement accounts for 6-8% of the mass of the dried expansive soil, the bagasse fiber accounts for 0.5-0.9% of the mass of the dried expansive soil, and the dried expansive soil is expansive soil obtained by drying the air-dried expansive soil in a drying oven at 105 ℃ for 24 hours.
According to the scheme, the mass of the water is calculated according to the following formula;
m 0 ＝m 1 ÷(1+ω 0 )×(ω 2 -ω 0 )
wherein m is 0 : the mixing soil reaches the expected water content and is prepared by uniformly mixing air-dried expansive soil, low-alkali cement and bagasse fibers;
m 1 : the mass of the air-dried expansive soil in the mixed soil;
ω 0 : air-drying the initial water content of the expansive soil;
ω 2 : the expected water content of the mixed soil is omega y -ω p Within a range omega y 、ω p And respectively carrying out a limit water content test and a compaction test on the mixed soil to determine the optimal water content and the plastic limit.
According to the scheme, the low-alkali cement comprises the following components in percentage by weight: LOSS 0.33%, siO 2 9.94％、 AL 2 O 3 29.38％、Fe 2 O 3 3.16％、CaO 43.56％、MgO 2.76％、SO 3 9.62％、TiO 2 1.25％。
According to the scheme, the diameters of the bagasse fibers are smaller than 2mm, wherein the bagasse fibers with the lengths of 0-8mm, 8-15mm and 15-20mm respectively account for 77.4%, 22.1% and 0.5% of the total mass of the bagasse fibers.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the bagasse fiber composite low-alkaline cement modified expansive soil, which comprises the following steps:
s1, taking a plurality of air-dried expansive soil, crushing, sieving with a 2mm standard sieve, drying bagasse fibers at 70 ℃ for 24 hours, sieving with the 2mm standard sieve, and weighing the mass of m 1 The sieved air-dried expansive soil is measured to have the initial water content of omega 0 Weighing the low-alkali cement and bagasse fibers according to the mass ratio, wherein the mass ratio of the low-alkali cement to the bagasse fibers (doping) is the mass ratio of the low-alkali cement to the bagasse fibers (doping) to the dry expansive soil, the dry expansive soil is the expansive soil obtained by drying the air-dried expansive soil in a drying oven at 105 ℃ for 24 hours, and the mass of the dry expansive soil is m 1 ÷(1+ω 0 ) The low-alkali cement accounts for 6-8% of the mass of the dried expansive soil, and the bagasse fiber accounts for 0.5-0.9% of the mass of the dried expansive soil; uniformly mixing air-dried expansive soil, low-alkali cement and bagasse fibers according to a dry mixing method and an external mixing method to form mixed soil;
s2, performing limit water content test and compaction test on the mixing soil according to highway geotechnical test procedure (JTG 3430-2020), and determining the plastic limit omega of the mixing soil p Optimum water content omega y ；
S3, calculating to enable the expected water content omega of the mixing soil obtained in the step S1 2 Up to omega y -ω p Mass m of water to be added 0 The mass m of the water to be added 0 Equal to the mass of the dried and expanded soil in the blended soil multiplied by the expected water content omega of the blended soil 2 Subtracting the initial water content omega of the air-dried expansive soil 0 The difference of (i.e. m) 0 ＝m 1 ÷(1+ω 0 )×(ω 2 -ω 0 )；
And S4, according to the calculation result of the step S3, water with corresponding mass is mixed into the mixed soil obtained in the step S1, the mixture is uniformly mixed to form a soil sample, and the obtained soil sample is cured for 3 days, so that the modified expansive soil is obtained.
According to the scheme, the limit water content test in the step S2 adopts a liquid-plastic limit combined tester, and the compaction test adopts a light manual compaction tester.
According to the scheme, when water is mixed in the step S4, water is uniformly added for at least 3 times in order to reduce the agglomeration of soil particles; the maintenance environment of the obtained soil sample is as follows: the temperature is 20+/-1 ℃ and the air humidity is 98 percent.
The invention also provides a construction method for applying the bagasse fiber composite low-alkali cement modified expansive soil to a side slope, which comprises the following steps:
1) Cleaning and leveling the side slope;
2) Using a positioning anchor rod to anchor the geocell with the hole as a framework, and filling graded broken stone inwards;
3) Paving the modified expansive soil on the framework and the graded broken stone, and enabling the modified expansive soil to reach the required compactness by utilizing a vibrating compactor to form a modified soil layer;
4) And uniformly spraying the mixture of the soil and the slope protection grass seeds by using a slurry spraying device to form a soil covering layer, thus finishing the construction.
According to the scheme, the geocell is made of high-density polyethylene, the height is 200mm, the welding distance is 800mm, and the thickness is 1.5mm.
According to the scheme, the thickness of the modified soil layer is 12 cm-16 cm, and the thickness of the foreign soil layer is 9-11 cm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the bagasse fiber composite low-alkaline cement modified expansive soil disclosed by the invention adopts bagasse fiber and low-alkaline cement as the reinforced modification admixture of the expansive soil, so that an effective method is provided for physical and chemical modification of the expansive soil, the compressive strength and the shear strength of the expansive soil can be remarkably improved, and the expansion and shrinkage deformation and crack development of the expansive soil can be effectively inhibited;
2. the admixture has little influence on the environment and plant growth, wherein, the bagasse fiber has the following components: (1) the waste is changed into valuable, a large amount of bagasse generated by sugar factories is randomly piled up as waste, even fires are caused for many times, resources are wasted, and serious environmental pollution is caused, so that the use of the bagasse for modifying expansive soil is equivalent to the consumption of the waste to improve engineering cancers; (2) the source is wide and direct, the sugar factories are widely distributed, and bagasse is used as direct waste material of the sugar factories, and can be used for modifying expansive soil without complex secondary treatment; (3) the cost is low, bagasse is often treated at will or is burnt as waste material of sugar factories, and the acquisition cost is low; (4) the properties are excellent, bagasse fibers are doped into expansive soil to act on a side slope, the early stage can serve as flexible connection among soil particles, the functions of controlling cracking, increasing soil strength and reducing swelling and shrinking are achieved, the middle stage follows the gradual strengthening function of the root system of the revetment grass, the degradation of the bagasse fibers can provide nutrient substances for the growth of the revetment grass, and the later stage of the root system of the revetment grass can grow to achieve the function of flexibly connecting the soil particles; the low-alkaline cement has the characteristic of being more friendly to the environment than the ordinary cement, and the reference literature shows that the pH range of the proper growth of common slope protection grass such as festuca arundinacea, holly, bluegrass and elvan is 4.6-8.7, the pH value of modified soil doped with 7% of ordinary cement is 12.9 according to the agricultural industry standard (NY/T1377-2007), the pH value of modified soil doped with 7% of low-alkaline cement is 8.5, and obviously, the low-alkaline cement modified soil acid-alkali environment is more suitable for the growth of slope protection grass;
3. the preparation method of the bagasse fiber composite low-alkaline cement modified expansive soil is simple to operate, has high fault tolerance and can be widely applied to manufacturing similar modified soil;
4. the existing slope construction scheme has the problems of complex operation, poor overall stability, seepage and the like, and the modified soil is applied to the slope construction method, so that the slope modified soil construction steps can be standardized, and the construction is simplified; the Kong Tugong cell has the characteristics of customization, easy transportation, good construction, wear resistance, stable chemical property and the like, and can enable the side slope to form a stable structure body with strong lateral limitation and high rigidity; the broken stone layer, the modified soil layer, the foreign soil layer and the slope protection grass can effectively solve the seepage problem of slope water;
5. the method can realize the green protection of the side slope, provides a new thought for the problems of shallow cracking and instability of the expansive soil side slope, can directly excavate expansive soil on a construction site to manufacture modified expansive soil, and has the characteristics of local material taking, simple construction and green protection.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the preparation of bagasse fiber composite low-alkaline cement modified expansive soil;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing crack comparison between plain soil and bagasse fiber composite low-alkaline cement modified expansive soil with different doping amounts after 7 dry and wet cycles in the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a microscopic image of the bagasse fiber composite low-alkali cement modified expansive soil after 7 dry and wet cycles of the doping amount ratio of example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a layout of the construction structure of the expansive soil side slope of the present invention;
in the figure: 1-modifying soil layers; 2-slope protection grass seeds; 3-non-expansive soil dressing; 4-side slope; 5-grading crushed stone; 6-geocell; 7-positioning the anchor rod.
Detailed Description
The following describes the embodiments of the present invention further with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The bagasse fiber composite low-alkali cement modified expansive soil comprises air-dried expansive soil, low-alkali cement, bagasse fibers and water, wherein the low-alkali cement accounts for 6-8% of the mass of the dried expansive soil, the bagasse fibers account for 0.5-0.9% of the mass of the dried expansive soil, and the dried expansive soil is the expansive soil obtained by drying the air-dried expansive soil in a drying oven at 105 ℃ for 24 hours. The low-alkaline cement is totally called as low-alkalinity sulphoaluminate cement (L.SAC 42.5), and is provided by the electric charging group cement Co-Ltd, and the components and the proportion thereof are respectively as follows: LOSS 0.33%, siO 2 9.94％、AL 2 O 3 29.38％、Fe 2 O 3 3.16％、 CaO 43.56％、MgO 2.76％、SO 3 9.62％、TiO 2 1.25%. The bagasse fibers are taken from a sugar mill of Guangxi nan Ning, the diameters of the sieved bagasse fibers are smaller than 2mm, wherein the bagasse fibers with the lengths of 0-8mm, 8-15mm and 15-20mm respectively account for 77.4%, 22.1% and 0.5% of the total mass of the bagasse fibers.
As shown in fig. 1, the preparation method of the bagasse fiber composite low-alkaline cement modified expansive soil comprises the following steps:
s1, takingAir-drying a plurality of swelling soil, crushing, sieving with a 2mm standard sieve, drying bagasse fiber at 70 ℃ for 24h, sieving with a 2mm standard sieve, and weighing the mass of m 1 The sieved air-dried expansive soil is measured to have the initial water content of omega 0 Weighing the low-alkali cement and bagasse fibers according to the mass ratio, wherein the mass ratio of the low-alkali cement to the bagasse fibers (doping) is the mass ratio of the low-alkali cement to the bagasse fibers (doping) to the dry expansive soil, the dry expansive soil is the expansive soil obtained by drying the air-dried expansive soil in a drying oven at 105 ℃ for 24 hours, and the mass of the dry expansive soil is m 1 ÷(1+ω 0 ) The low-alkali cement accounts for 6-8% of the mass of the dried expansive soil, and the bagasse fiber accounts for 0.5-0.9% of the mass of the dried expansive soil; uniformly mixing air-dried expansive soil, low-alkali cement and bagasse fibers according to a dry mixing method and an external mixing method to form mixed soil;
s2, performing limit water content test and compaction test on the mixing soil according to highway geotechnical test procedure (JTG 3430-2020), and determining the plastic limit omega of the mixing soil p Optimum water content omega y The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The limit water content test adopts a liquid-plastic limit combined tester, and the compaction test adopts a light manual compaction tester;
s3, calculating to enable the expected water content omega of the mixing soil obtained in the step S1 2 Up to omega y -ω p (ω 2 At omega y -ω p In the range) the mass m of water to be added 0 The mass m of the water to be added 0 Equal to the mass of the dried and expanded soil in the blended soil multiplied by the expected water content omega of the blended soil 2 Subtracting the initial water content omega of the air-dried expansive soil 0 The difference of (i.e. m) 0 ＝m 1 ÷(1+ω 0 )×(ω 2 -ω 0 )；
And S4, according to the calculation result of the step S3, water with corresponding mass is doped into the mixed soil obtained in the step S1, water is uniformly added at least 3 times for reducing agglomeration of soil particles, the mixture is uniformly mixed to form a soil sample, and the obtained soil sample is cured for 3 days under the environment of 20 (+ -1) DEG C and 98% of air humidity, so that the modified expansive soil is obtained.
As shown in fig. 4, the construction method of the bagasse fiber composite low-alkali cement modified expansive soil applied to the side slope comprises the following steps:
1) Cleaning and leveling the side slope 4;
2) The positioning anchor rod 7 is used for anchoring the geocell 6 with the hole as a framework, the model of the geocell 6 is TGLG-HDPE-200-800-1.5, the material is high-density polyethylene, the height is 200mm, the welding distance is 800mm, the thickness is 1.5mm, and graded broken stone 5 is filled inwards;
3) Paving modified expansive soil on the geocell 6 and the graded broken stone 5, and enabling the modified expansive soil to reach the required compactness by utilizing a vibrating compactor to form a modified soil layer 1 with the thickness of about 12-16 cm;
4) And uniformly spraying the mixture of the non-expanded soil 3 and the slope protection grass seeds 2 (such as festuca arundinacea) by using a slurry spraying device to form a soil covering layer with the thickness of about 9-11 cm, thus finishing the construction.
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with three examples.
Example 1:
1. taking air-dried expansive soil of Guangxi nan Ning buffalo for later use, crushing, sieving with a 2mm standard sieve, drying bagasse fibers at 70 ℃ for 24 hours, and sieving with the 2mm standard sieve; weighing the required sieving and air-drying expansive soil, low-alkali cement and bagasse fibers according to the mass ratio, and uniformly mixing by adopting a dry mixing and external mixing method; measuring the initial water content of the air-dried expansive soil to be 3.1%, weighing 1500g of the air-dried expansive soil, wherein the low-alkali cement accounts for 6% of the mass of the dried expansive soil, so that 1500/(1+3.1%). 6% = 87.3g of the low-alkali cement is weighed for standby; the bagasse fiber accounts for 0.5% of the mass of the dried expansive soil, so 1500/(1+3.1%) 0.5% = 7.3g of bagasse fiber is weighed for standby;
2. according to the Highway geotechnical test procedure (JTG 3430-2020), limiting water content test and light compaction test are carried out on the mixed soil to obtain the plastic limit omega of the mixed soil p =22.6% and optimal water content ω y ＝22.0％；
3. Calculating to ensure that the expected water content of the mixing soil (the blending expansion soil) obtained in the step 1 reaches 22.0-22.6 percent and the mass of water to be added is between 275g and 284 g;
4. uniformly mixing about 280g of water with the mixed soil for 3 times, uniformly mixing to form a soil sample, and curing the obtained soil sample for 3 days at the temperature of 20 (+ -1) DEG C and the humidity of 98% to obtain modified expansive soil;
5. slope construction: (1) cleaning and leveling the side slope 4; (2) the geocell 6 with the holes is anchored by the positioning anchor rods 7 to serve as a framework, and graded broken stones 5 are filled into the framework; (3) paving modified expansive soil on the soil and enabling the soil to reach the required compactness by utilizing a vibrating compactor to form a modified soil layer 1 with the thickness of about 15 cm; (4) and uniformly spraying the mixture of the non-expansion soil-dressing 3 and the slope protection grass seeds 2 by using a slurry spraying device to form a soil-dressing layer with the thickness of about 10cm, thus finishing the construction.
The improvement effect is as follows: according to the highway geotechnical test procedure (JTG 3430-2020), performing a direct shear test, an unconfined compressive strength test, an unconfined expansion rate test and a shrinkage test on the modified soil; image processing is carried out on photos taken after seven dry and wet cycles of the modified soil ring cutter sample by means of PACS (particles and cracks analysis system) software and Adobe Photoshop software developed by doctor of university of south Beijing, liu Chun, so as to obtain the crack rate; the pH of the modified soil was measured according to agricultural industry Standard (NY/T1377-2007). The following steps are obtained: the cohesive force of the expansive soil after 6% low-alkaline cement composite 0.5% bagasse fiber is improved is increased by 128.77% compared with plain soil, the friction angle is increased by 42.86%, the unconfined compressive strength is increased by 110.19%, the dead expansion rate is reduced by 19.21%, the linear shrinkage is reduced by 21.88%, the ring-shaped knife crack rate of seven times of dry and wet cycles is reduced by 69.23%, the PH value of the modified soil is 8.3, and the PH value of the modified soil is reduced by 34.13% compared with PH value of 12.6 under the same mixing amount of ordinary cement. In conclusion, the modified soil has excellent properties, is green and environment-friendly, and provides an effective method for treating common expansive soil problems.
Example 2:
1. taking air-dried expansive soil of Guangxi nan Ning buffalo for later use, crushing, sieving with a 2mm standard sieve, drying bagasse fibers at 70 ℃ for 24 hours, and sieving with the 2mm standard sieve; weighing the required sieved air-dried soil, low-alkali cement and bagasse fibers according to the mass proportion, and uniformly mixing by adopting a dry mixing and external mixing method; measuring the initial water content of the air-dried expansive soil to be 3.1%, weighing 1500g of the air-dried expansive soil, wherein the low-alkali cement accounts for 7% of the mass of the dried expansive soil, so that 1500/(1+3.1%) ×7% =101.8 g of the low-alkali cement is weighed for standby; the bagasse fiber accounts for 0.7% of the mass of the dried expansive soil, so 1500/(1+3.1%) 0.7% = 10.2g of bagasse fiber is weighed for standby;
2. according to the Highway geotechnical test procedure (JTG 3430-2020), limiting water content test and light compaction test are carried out on the mixed soil to obtain the plastic limit omega of the mixed soil p =22.9% and optimal water content ω y ＝21.2％；
3. Calculating to ensure that the expected water content of the mixing soil obtained in the step 1 reaches 21.2% -22.9% and the mass of water to be added is 263g-288 g;
4. uniformly mixing 275g of water into the mixed soil for 3 times, uniformly mixing to form a soil sample, and curing the obtained soil sample for 3 days at the temperature of 20 (+ -1) DEG C and the humidity of 98% to obtain modified expansive soil;
5. slope construction: (1) cleaning and leveling the side slope 4; (2) the geocell 6 with the holes is anchored by the positioning anchor rods 7 to serve as a framework, and graded broken stones 5 are filled into the framework; (3) paving modified expansive soil on the soil and enabling the soil to reach the required compactness by utilizing a vibrating compactor to form a modified soil layer 1 with the thickness of about 15 cm; (4) and uniformly spraying the mixture of the non-expansion soil-dressing 3 and the slope protection grass seeds 2 by using a slurry spraying device to form a soil-dressing layer with the thickness of about 10cm, thus finishing the construction.
The improvement effect is as follows: according to the highway geotechnical test procedure (JTG 3430-2020), performing a direct shear test, an unconfined compressive strength test, an unconfined expansion rate test and a shrinkage test on the modified soil; image processing is carried out on photos taken after seven dry and wet cycles of the modified soil ring cutter sample by means of PACS (particles and cracks analysis system) software and Adobe Photoshop software developed by doctor of university of south Beijing, liu Chun, so as to obtain the crack rate; the pH of the modified soil was measured according to agricultural industry Standard (NY/T1377-2007). The following steps are obtained: the cohesive force of the modified expansive soil after 7% low-alkaline cement composite 0.7% bagasse fiber is improved is increased by 227.94% compared with plain soil, the friction angle is increased by 51.02%, the unconfined compressive strength is increased by 128.14%, the dead expansion rate is reduced by 19.77%, the linear shrinkage is reduced by 37.50%, the ring-shaped knife crack rate of seven times of dry and wet cycles is reduced by 75.00%, the PH value of the modified soil is 8.5, and the PH value of the modified soil is reduced by 34.11% compared with the PH value of the modified soil under the same doping amount of ordinary cement.
Example 3:
1. taking air-dried expansive soil of Guangxi nan Ning buffalo for later use, crushing, sieving with a 2mm standard sieve, drying bagasse fibers at 70 ℃ for 24 hours, and sieving with the 2mm standard sieve; weighing the required sieved air-dried soil, low-alkali cement and bagasse fibers according to the mass proportion, and uniformly mixing by adopting a dry mixing and external mixing method. Measuring the initial water content of the air-dried soil to be 3.1%, weighing 1500g of air-dried expansive soil, wherein low-alkali cement accounts for 8% of the mass of the dried expansive soil, so that 1500/(1+3.1%) ×8% =116.4 g of low-alkali cement is weighed for later use; the bagasse fiber accounts for 0.9% of the mass of the dried expansive soil, so 1500/(1+3.1%) 0.9% = 13.1g of bagasse fiber is weighed for standby;
2. according to the Highway geotechnical test procedure (JTG 3430-2020), limiting water content test and light compaction test are carried out on the mixed soil to obtain the plastic limit omega of the mixed soil p =21.7% and optimal water content ω y ＝20.0％；
3. Calculating the mass of water required to be added for enabling the expected water content of the mixing soil obtained in the step 1 to reach 20.0% -21.7% to be between 246g and 271 g;
4. uniformly mixing about 258g of water into the mixed soil for 3 times, uniformly mixing to form a soil sample, and curing the obtained soil sample for 3 days at the temperature of 20 (+ -1) DEG C and the humidity of 98% to obtain modified expansive soil;
5. slope construction: (1) cleaning and leveling the side slope 4; (2) the geocell 6 with the holes is anchored by the positioning anchor rods 7 to serve as a framework, and graded broken stones 5 are filled into the framework; (3) paving modified expansive soil on the soil and enabling the soil to reach the required compactness by utilizing a vibrating compactor to form a modified soil layer 1 with the thickness of about 15 cm; (4) and uniformly spraying the mixture of the non-expansion soil-dressing 3 and the slope protection grass seeds 2 by using a slurry spraying device to form a soil-dressing layer with the thickness of about 10cm, thus finishing the construction.
The improvement effect is as follows: according to the highway geotechnical test procedure (JTG 3430-2020), performing a direct shear test, an unconfined compressive strength test, an unconfined expansion rate test and a shrinkage test on the modified soil; image processing is carried out on photos taken after seven dry and wet cycles of the modified soil ring cutter sample by means of PACS (particles and cracks analysis system) software and Adobe Photoshop software developed by doctor of university of south Beijing, liu Chun, so as to obtain the crack rate; the pH of the modified soil was measured according to agricultural industry Standard (NY/T1377-2007). The following steps are obtained: the cohesive force of the modified expansive soil after 8% low-alkaline cement composite 0.9% bagasse fiber is improved is increased by 314.13% compared with that of plain soil, the friction angle is increased by 51.02%, the unconfined compressive strength is increased by 146.88%, the dead-load expansion rate is reduced by 20.90%, the linear shrinkage rate is reduced by 56.25%, the ring-knife-like crack rate of seven times of dry-wet circulation is reduced by 82.69%, the PH value of the modified soil is 8.7, and the PH value of the modified soil is reduced by 33.59% compared with that of ordinary cement at the same doping amount of 13.1.
TABLE 1 physical to physical contrast ratio of swelling soil at different admixture ratios
FIG. 2 is a graph showing crack comparison of plain soil and bagasse fiber composite low-alkaline cement modified expansive soil with different doping amounts after 7 dry and wet cycles in the embodiment of the invention; FIG. 3 is a microscopic image of the bagasse fiber composite low-alkali cement modified expansive soil after 7 dry and wet cycles of the doping amount ratio of example 2 of the present invention; the physical pairs of the swelling soil with different admixture ratios are shown in table 1.
As can be seen from table 1, the incorporation of the low-alkali cement composite bagasse fiber greatly changed the physical properties of the expansive soil, from the standpoint of limiting the water content: the liquid limit, plastic limit and optimal water content generally show a tendency to decrease with increasing amounts of low alkali cement and bagasse fibers, mainly for two reasons: (1) ca generated by hydration of cement 2+ The water absorption performance and the water stability of the soil body are improved by carrying out displacement reaction on the mineral cations adsorbed by the same part and promoting the aggregation of soil particles; (2) the soil body grading becomes better after the low-alkali cement and bagasse fiber are added, the compaction performance is better, and the plasticity is reduced. From the intensity point of view: the cohesive force and unconfined compressive strength of the soil body are obviously enhanced along with the increase of the doping proportion, because: (1) ca in cement hydration products 2+ Ca remaining after completion of exchange with low valence ions in clay minerals 2+ Will continue to react with part of the substances in the clay mineral to generate water-insoluble crystal CaO.Al 2 O 3 ·(n+1)H 2 O， CaO·SiO 2 ·(n+1)H 2 O; (2) ca (OH) in cement hydration products 2 Can be combined with CO in the air 2 The reaction produces CaCO which is insoluble in water 3 The products of the two reactions enable the flaky structure and the pores on the surface of the expansive soil to be bonded by the cementing substances, so that the connection strength between soil particles is increased, the distance between the soil particles is reduced, the aggregation of the soil body is promoted, and the strength is effectively enhanced by enhancing the bonding between the soil particles and the water stability; (3) the bagasse fibers are bridged among soil particles, and the tensile and shearing actions of the bagasse fibers can effectively increase the strength of soil and prevent crack development at the same time, so that the strength of the soil is increased. From the perspective of collapsibility: as can be seen from the microscopic image scanned by the electron microscope in FIG. 3, most of soil particles in plain soil are in a layered structure, the soil particles are connected in a surface-to-surface mode, and the distance between the soil particles is easy to be increased after multiple dry and wet cycles. As can be seen from Table 1, the non-load expansion rate and the linear shrinkage rate are both obviously reduced along with the increase of the doping proportion, mainly because (1) the cementing material enhances the connection effect among soil particles and reduces the soil particle spacing; (2) the soil particles are wrapped by the cementing material, so that the contact opportunity of minerals with strong water sensitivity and water is effectively reduced, and the cementing force of the cementing material can bear a part of expansion force, so that the swelling and shrinking characteristics of the soil are improved; (3) the bagasse fibers directly resist the action of forces among soil bodies through the connection among reinforced soil particles, and can also inhibit the swelling and shrinkage deformation of the soil bodies. From the point of view of crack development: from the data in fig. 2 and table 1, it can be seen that the crack growth of the expansive soil is significantly inhibited with the increase of the doping ratio, which is also the result of the co-action of the low alkali cement and the bagasse fibers. From the pH point of view: the pH value of the low-alkaline cement admixture soil is far lower than that of the ordinary cement admixture soil.
In conclusion, the low-alkali cement and bagasse fiber have good physicochemical modification effect on the expansive soil, and various indexes of the expansive soil are improved along with the increase of the doping proportion. But consider the following: (1) the acid-base environment suitable for growing common revetment grass is generally between 4.6 and 8.7; (2) the price of the low-alkaline cement with the same specification is about 11.9 percent more expensive than that of the ordinary cement; (3) the phenomenon of fiber aggregation can be caused by excessive bagasse fibers; (4) the intensity increases of the second doping scheme and the third doping scheme are not significant. Finally, 7% low alkali cement and 0.7% bagasse fiber are determined as the optimal blending ratio.
The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical concept and features of the present invention, and are intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand the present invention and to implement the same, not to limit the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes or modifications made in accordance with the spirit of the present invention should be construed to be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The bagasse fiber composite low-alkali cement modified expansive soil is characterized by comprising air-dried expansive soil, low-alkali cement, bagasse fiber and water, wherein the low-alkali cement accounts for 6% -8% of the mass of the dried expansive soil, the bagasse fiber accounts for 0.5% -0.9% of the mass of the dried expansive soil, and the dried expansive soil is the expansive soil which is dried in an oven at 105 ℃ for 24 hours.
2. The bagasse fiber composite low-alkali cement modified bentonite according to claim 1, wherein the mass of water is calculated according to the formula;
m 0 ＝m 1 ÷(1+ω 0 )×(ω 2 -ω 0 )
wherein m is 0 : the mixing soil reaches the expected water content and is prepared by uniformly mixing air-dried expansive soil, low-alkali cement and bagasse fibers;
m 1 : the mass of the air-dried expansive soil in the mixed soil;
ω 0 : air-drying the initial water content of the expansive soil;
ω 2 : the expected water content of the mixed soil is omega y -ω p Within a range omega y 、ω p And respectively carrying out a limit water content test and a compaction test on the mixed soil to determine the optimal water content and the plastic limit.
3. The bagasse fiber composite low-alkali cement modified expansive soil according to claim 1, wherein the low-alkali cement comprises the following components in percentage by weight: LOSS 0.33%, siO 2 9.94％、AL 2 O 3 29.38％、Fe 2 O 3 3.16％、CaO 43.56％、MgO 2.76％、SO 3 9.62％、TiO 2 1.25％。
4. The bagasse fiber composite low-alkali cement modified expansive soil according to claim 1, wherein the diameters of the bagasse fibers are smaller than 2mm, and the bagasse fibers with lengths of 0-8mm, 8-15mm and 15-20mm respectively account for 77.4%, 22.1% and 0.5% of the total mass of the bagasse fibers.
5. A method for preparing the bagasse fiber composite low-alkaline cement modified expansive soil according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the following steps:
s1, taking a plurality of air-dried expansive soil, crushing, sieving with a 2mm standard sieve, drying bagasse fibers at 70 ℃ for 24 hours, sieving with the 2mm standard sieve, and weighing the mass of m 1 The sieved air-dried expansive soil is measured to have the initial water content of omega 0 Weighing the low-alkali cement and bagasse fibers according to the mass ratio, wherein the mass ratio of the low-alkali cement to the bagasse fibers is the mass ratio of the low-alkali cement to the bagasse fibers to the dry expansive soil, the dry expansive soil is the expansive soil obtained by drying the air-dried expansive soil in a drying oven at 105 ℃ for 24 hours, and the mass of the dry expansive soil is m 1 ÷(1+ω 0 ) The low-alkali cement accounts for 6-8% of the mass of the dried expansive soil, and the bagasse fiber accounts for 0.5-0.9% of the mass of the dried expansive soil; uniformly mixing air-dried expansive soil, low-alkali cement and bagasse fibers according to a dry mixing method and an external mixing method to form mixed soil;
s2, performing limit water content test and compaction test on the mixed soil according to JTG 3430-2020 of Highway geotechnical test procedure to determine the plastic limit omega of the mixed soil p Optimum water content omega y ；
S3, calculating to enable the expected water content omega of the mixing soil obtained in the step S1 2 Up to omega y -ω p Mass m of water to be added 0 The mass m of the water to be added 0 Equal to the mass of the dried and expanded soil in the blended soil multiplied by the expected water content omega of the blended soil 2 Subtracting the initial water content omega of the air-dried expansive soil 0 The difference of (i.e. m) 0 ＝m 1 ÷(1+ω 0 )×(ω 2 -ω 0 )；
And S4, according to the calculation result of the step S3, water with corresponding mass is mixed into the mixed soil obtained in the step S1, the mixture is uniformly mixed to form a soil sample, and the obtained soil sample is cured for 3 days, so that the modified expansive soil is obtained.
6. The method for preparing bagasse fiber composite low-alkaline cement modified expansive soil according to claim 5, wherein the limit water content test in the step S2 adopts a liquid-plastic limit combined tester, and the compaction test adopts a light manual compaction tester.
7. The method for preparing bagasse fiber composite low-alkaline cement modified expansive soil according to claim 5, wherein water is added uniformly for at least 3 times in order to reduce agglomeration of soil particles when water is added in step S4; the maintenance environment of the obtained soil sample is as follows: the temperature is 20+/-1 ℃ and the air humidity is 98 percent.
8. A construction method of applying the bagasse fiber composite low-alkaline cement modified expansive soil according to any one of claims 1 to 4 to a side slope, comprising the following steps:
1) Cleaning and leveling the side slope;
2) Using a positioning anchor rod to anchor the geocell with the hole as a framework, and filling graded broken stone inwards;
3) Paving the modified expansive soil on the framework and the graded broken stone, and enabling the modified expansive soil to reach the required compactness by utilizing a vibrating compactor to form a modified soil layer;
4) And uniformly spraying the mixture of the soil and the slope protection grass seeds by using a slurry spraying device to form a soil covering layer, thus finishing the construction.
9. The construction method of the bagasse fiber composite low-alkaline cement modified expansive soil applied to the side slope according to claim 8, wherein the geocell is made of high-density polyethylene, the height is 200mm, the welding distance is 800mm, and the thickness is 1.5mm.
10. The construction method of the bagasse fiber composite low-alkaline cement modified expansive soil applied to the side slope according to claim 8, wherein the thickness of the modified soil layer is 12 cm-16 cm, and the thickness of the foreign soil layer is 9 cm-11 cm.
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CN112980451A (en) * 2021-02-23 2021-06-18 湖北工业大学 Soil conditioner applied to ecological slope protection and soil improvement method thereof
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