CN102976494A - Multi-habitat ecological pond system - Google Patents

Multi-habitat ecological pond system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102976494A
CN102976494A CN2012105180340A CN201210518034A CN102976494A CN 102976494 A CN102976494 A CN 102976494A CN 2012105180340 A CN2012105180340 A CN 2012105180340A CN 201210518034 A CN201210518034 A CN 201210518034A CN 102976494 A CN102976494 A CN 102976494A
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water
plant
ecotope
pool
layer
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吴磊
吕锡武
李先宁
赵家星
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Southeast University
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Southeast University
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/10Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-habitat ecological pond system. According to the ecological pond system, a pond is divided into three habitat areas, namely an emergent aquatic plant and floating-leaved plant habitat area, an artificially intensified habitat area and a submerged plant habitat area, wherein the emergent aquatic plant and floating-leaved plant habitat area, the artificially intensified habitat area and the submerged plant habitat area are sequentially arranged from one side of a pond water inlet to one side of a water outlet; the emergent aquatic plant and floating-leaved plant habitat area is used for intercepting particulate pollutants in inflowing water; the artificially intensified habitat area is used for removing nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants in the pond; and the submerged plant habitat area is used for further absorbing and converting the nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants in the pond. Ponds, channels and bottomlands nearby the farmlands are transformed into the multi-habitat ecological pond which is used for intercepting and purifying nitrogen and phosphorus running away along with agricultural runoff, so that geographical conditions around the farmlands are utilized, and the aims of adjusting measures to local conditions and intercepting the agricultural runoff nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants are fulfilled under the condition that the farmland resources are not wasted.

Description

A kind of many habitats the ecology pond systems
Technical field
The invention belongs to the environmental pollution improvement field, refer in particular to a kind of many habitats the ecology pond systems for interception, purification agricultural run-off nitrogen and phosphorus pollution thing.
Background technology
Nowadays, main pollution of area source is large-area agricultural land, comprises the farmlands such as vegetable field, rice field, wheatland.In recent years, the widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area source has become the important sources of ambient water body pollution, and the nitrogen of its loss, phosphorus are the major causes of eutrophication.The farmland use chemical fertilizer, can not be absorbed by farm crop fully, a large amount of residual nitrogen and phosphorus pollution things in the fields will the form with runoff run off out after rainfall, the water body around entering, eutrophication.How to tackle in the approach of nitrogen and phosphorus pollution thing Loss in Runoff, purify the draining water quality in farmland, this just need to take in the farmland field of certain area on every side, carries out the structure of water purification system.Yet, in the nervous situation like this of agricultural land, how to suit measures to local conditions, under the prerequisite that does not take the agricultural land, can realize again interception, purification to nitrogen and phosphorus pollution thing in the agricultural run-off, this just need to research and develop, and finds suitable pollutent interception, purifying method to solve this contradiction.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention provides a kind of many habitats the ecology pond systems for interception, purification agricultural run-off nitrogen and phosphorus pollution thing.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is as follows:
A kind of many habitats the ecology pond systems, described the ecology pond systems is divided into very water and floatingleaved plant ecotope, artificial-strengthening ecotope and submerged plant ecotope zone, three habitats with the pool, described very water and floatingleaved plant ecotope, artificial-strengthening ecotope and submerged plant ecotope are arranged in order from pool water-in one side water exit mouth one side, wherein:
Described very water and floatingleaved plant ecotope are positioned at the shallow water area of pool water-in one side, are used for the interception particulate form pollutent of intaking;
Described artificial-strengthening ecotope is positioned at the deepwater regions in pool, is used for removing the nitrogen and phosphorus pollution thing in pool;
Described submerged plant ecotope is positioned at the shallow water area of pool water outlet one side, is used for further absorbing the nitrogen and phosphorus pollution thing that transforms the pool.
Wherein, described very water and floatingleaved plant ecotope are comprised of emergent and floatingleaved plant, and described emergent is near the bank of pool water-in one side, and described floatingleaved plant next-door neighbour emergent is planted.
Wherein, described emergent is the emergent that reed, calamus, cattail, Canna generalis Bailey, wild rice, Scirpus tabernaemontani, Caulis Miscanthis floriduli or fishscale bamboo etc. are grown in can the shallow-water environment below depth of water 50cm, and described floatingleaved plant is the floatingleaved plant that water lily, lotus, Herba Eichhorniae, frogbit, floating heart, spatterdock or Gorgon fruit etc. are grown in can the waters below depth of water 150cm.
Wherein, described artificial-strengthening ecotope comprises and is suspended in a plurality of biological floating bed of ballow, pool, each biological floating bed plant growing layer, hydrocoles cultivation layer and artificial dielectric felt of vertically being divided into hangs layer, and described plant growing layer is suspended on the water surface in pool; Described hydrocoles cultivation layer is positioned at the below of plant growing layer, and is under the water surface in pool; Described artificial dielectric felt hangs the below that layer is positioned at hydrocoles cultivation layer, and is suspended from the bottom, pool.
Wherein, described biological floating bed long-width ratio is 1:1 ~ 5:1, and biological floating bed length is no more than 5m, the adjacent biological floating bed 1m ~ 5m that is spaced apart.
Wherein, described biological floating bed area coverage accounts for 20% ~ 35% of this pool, ecotope surface-area.
Wherein, described plant growing layer is planted the plant that mater convolvulus, cattail, Canna generalis Bailey or wild rice etc. have certain economic value summer and autumn, winter planting's Wildcelery Herb, giantreed, fairy bamboo or bracketplant etc. have the plant of certain tolerance to cold, the hydrocoles of described hydrocoles cultivation layer cultivation comprises spiral shell and shellfish, and it is natural fiber or man-made fiber that described artificial dielectric felt hangs layer material of the artificial dielectric felt that hangs.
Wherein, the submerged plant that the submerged plant of described submerged plant ecotope plantation grows in can the waters below depth of water 150cm for black algae, waterweed, eel grass, hornwort, watermifoil, najas marina, Herba potamogetonis distincti or stonewort etc., the plantation fraction of coverage of submerged plant is no less than 75% of this ecotope.
Beneficial effect: the present invention is with near the pool the farmland; irrigation canals and ditches and bottom land transform many habitats ecological pond as; be used for interception and purify the nitrogen that runs off with agricultural run-off; phosphorus; it has not only utilized the geographical conditions that itself possess around the farmland; in the situation of not wasting the field resource; reached and suited measures to local conditions to tackle agricultural run-off nitrogen; the purpose of phosphor contaminant; the mater convolvulus of planting simultaneously; the cash crop such as Wildcelery Herb and the spiral shell of putting in a suitable place to breed; the hydrocoles such as shellfish; can obtain considerable economic benefit; water lily; the waterplant such as reed also have the landscape effect of beautifying the environment, and the present invention is specially adapted to the lake; reservoir; the pollution control of the agricultural run-off of the higher area of the environmental risk peripheries such as drinking water source protection ground.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic flow sheet of nitrogen and phosphorus pollution thing in a kind of many habitats provided by the invention the ecology pond systems interception, the purification agricultural run-off;
Fig. 2 is the vertical view of a kind of many habitats provided by the invention the ecology pond systems;
Fig. 3 is the sectional view of a kind of many habitats provided by the invention the ecology pond systems.
Embodiment
According to following embodiment, the present invention may be better understood.Yet, those skilled in the art will readily understand that the described content of embodiment only is used for explanation the present invention, and should also can not limit the present invention described in detail in claims.
Embodiment 1
Shown in Fig. 1 ~ 3, many habitats the ecology pond systems is that the pool is divided into very water and floatingleaved plant ecotope 1, artificial-strengthening ecotope 2 and submerged plant ecotope zone, 3 three habitats, endures water and floatingleaved plant ecotope 1, artificial-strengthening ecotope 2 and submerged plant ecotope 3 and is arranged in order by ecological pond water-in one side water exit mouth one side;
Endure water and floatingleaved plant ecotope 1, be positioned at the shallow water area of pool water-in one side, formed by emergent reed and floatingleaved plant water lily, the planting area of emergent reed is positioned at the water surface edge of water-in one side to the zone of depth of water 15cm, this zone plant plantation interval 25cm, the alternate plantation of front and rear row, every row's spacing 25cm, the planting area of floatingleaved plant water lily is positioned at depth of water 15cm to 50cm zone, the fraction of coverage of water lily lotus leaf is 75% of water lily planting area, and the plant habitat district is with the plant dead twigs and withered leaves in the agricultural run-off and the interception of larger soil particle;
Artificial-strengthening ecotope 2, be positioned at the deepwater regions in pool, this ecotope suspends a plurality of biological floating bed, each biological floating bed plant growing layer, hydrocoles cultivation layer and artificial dielectric felt of vertically being divided into hangs layer, the plant growing layer is suspended in the surface in pool, hydrocoles cultivation layer and artificial dielectric felt hang the below that layer all is positioned at the surface, pool, hydrocoles cultivation layer is positioned at the below of plant growing layer, the artificial dielectric felt hangs the below that layer is positioned at hydrocoles cultivation layer, and the artificial dielectric felt is suspended from the bottom, pool; Biological floating bed length is 2m, and wide is 2m, the adjacent biological floating bed 2m that is spaced apart, and biological floating bed area coverage accounts for 20% of this pool, ecotope surface-area; Plant growing layer every square metre of plantation summer and autumn 5kg mater convolvulus seedling, every square metre of plantation in winter 5kg Wildcelery Herb seedling, every square metre on hydrocoles cultivation layer hangs with nylon wire and raises together with the 0.5kg spiral shell, shellfish, the artificial dielectric felt hangs layer felt is cut into the wide strip of 10cm, be suspended from the bottom of the pool, length can be regulated according to the variation of the depth of water, every felt interval 10cm, the alternate suspension of front and rear row, every row's spacing 50cm, the plant growing layer can absorb the nitrogen that transforms in the water, phosphor contaminant, hydrocoles cultivation layer can be removed the particulate form nitrogen in the water, phosphor contaminant, the artificial dielectric felt layers is conducive to the carbonization bacterium, nitrobacteria, adhering to of the microorganisms such as denitrifying bacterium is for the removal of organism and nitrogen pollutant provides good place;
Submerged plant ecotope 3, be positioned at the shallow water area of pool water outlet one side, plant the black algae of planting submerged plant, black algae evenly plantation is covered with at the bottom of this regional water, the fraction of coverage of black algae plantation is 75% of this ecotope, under the absorption transformation of black algae, the nitrogen and phosphorus pollution thing in the runoff is fully tackled, is purified.
In addition, be provided with the interception ditch in the water inlet of many habitats the ecology pond systems, the interception ditch is used for collecting agricultural run-off, be provided with height-adjustable overflow weir 4 at interception ditch and the ecology pond systems connection, many habitats, the rising overflow weir can allow agricultural run-off be stored in the interception ditch, reduce the Pollutant Treatment load of many habitats the ecology pond systems, also make things convenient for field irrigation simultaneously, the reduction overflow weir can allow agricultural run-off directly enter many habitats the ecology pond systems and purify; Be provided with equally height-adjustable overflow weir 5 at water outlet, during the farmland demand irrigation, the overflow weir that can raise allows the ecology pond systems retaining of many habitats, when rainfall is excessive, can reduce overflow weir, allow the agricultural run-off after too much habitat the ecology pond systems purifies enter extraneous water body by discharge channel, reduced the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus pollution thing, also have the water drainage effect.
Embodiment 2
Shown in Fig. 1 ~ 3, many habitats the ecology pond systems is that the pool is divided into very water and floatingleaved plant ecotope 1, artificial-strengthening ecotope 2 and submerged plant ecotope zone, 3 three habitats, endures water and floatingleaved plant ecotope 1, artificial-strengthening ecotope 2 and submerged plant ecotope 3 and is arranged in order by ecological pond water-in one side water exit mouth one side;
Endure water and floatingleaved plant ecotope 1, be positioned at the shallow water area of pool water-in one side, formed by emergent Canna generalis Bailey and floatingleaved plant lotus, grow in the shallow-water environment of emergent Canna generalis Bailey below depth of water 50cm, the planting area of this plant is positioned at the water surface edge of water-in one side to the zone of depth of water 15cm, this zone plant plantation interval 25cm, the alternate plantation of front and rear row, every row's spacing 25cm, the floatingleaved plant lotus is grown in the waters below depth of water 150cm, the planting area of this plant is depth of water 15cm to 50cm zone, the Implantation Rate of lotus is 80% of lotus planting area, and the plant habitat district is with the plant dead twigs and withered leaves in the agricultural run-off and the interception of larger soil particle;
Artificial-strengthening ecotope 2, be positioned at the deepwater regions in pool, this ecotope suspends a plurality of biological floating bed, each biological floating bed plant growing layer, hydrocoles cultivation layer and artificial dielectric felt of vertically being divided into hangs layer, the plant growing layer is suspended in the surface in pool, hydrocoles cultivation layer and artificial dielectric felt hang the below that layer all is positioned at the surface, pool, hydrocoles cultivation layer is positioned at the below of plant growing layer, the artificial dielectric felt hangs the below that layer is positioned at hydrocoles cultivation layer, and the artificial dielectric felt is suspended from the bottom, pool; Biological floating bed length is 5m, and wide is 1m, the adjacent biological floating bed 1m that is spaced apart, and biological floating bed area coverage accounts for 35% of this pool, ecotope surface-area; Plant growing layer every square metre of plantation summer and autumn 5kg cattail seedling, every square metre of plantation in winter 5kg giantreed seedling, every square metre on hydrocoles cultivation layer hangs with nylon wire and raises together with the 0.5kg spiral shell, shellfish, the artificial dielectric felt hangs layer felt is cut into the wide strip of 10cm, be suspended from the bottom of the pool, length can be regulated according to the variation of the depth of water, every felt interval 10cm, the alternate suspension of front and rear row, every row's spacing 50cm, the plant growing layer can absorb the nitrogen that transforms in the water, phosphor contaminant, hydrocoles cultivation layer can be removed the particulate form nitrogen in the water, phosphor contaminant, the artificial dielectric felt layers is conducive to the carbonization bacterium, nitrobacteria, adhering to of the microorganisms such as denitrifying bacterium is for the removal of organism and nitrogen pollutant provides good place;
Submerged plant ecotope 3, be positioned at the shallow water area of pool water outlet one side, plant the planting submerged plant eel grass, eel grass evenly plantation is covered with at the bottom of this regional water, the fraction of coverage of eel grass plantation is 85% of this ecotope, under the absorption transformation of eel grass, the nitrogen and phosphorus pollution thing in the runoff is fully tackled, is purified.
In addition, be provided with the interception ditch in the water inlet of many habitats the ecology pond systems, the interception ditch is used for collecting agricultural run-off, be provided with height-adjustable overflow weir 4 at interception ditch and the ecology pond systems connection, many habitats, the rising overflow weir can allow agricultural run-off be stored in the interception ditch, reduce the Pollutant Treatment load of many habitats the ecology pond systems, also make things convenient for field irrigation simultaneously, the reduction overflow weir can allow agricultural run-off directly enter many habitats the ecology pond systems and purify; Be provided with equally height-adjustable overflow weir 5 at water outlet, during the farmland demand irrigation, the overflow weir that can raise allows the ecology pond systems retaining of many habitats, when rainfall is excessive, can reduce overflow weir, allow the agricultural run-off after too much habitat the ecology pond systems purifies enter extraneous water body by discharge channel, reduced the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus pollution thing, also have the water drainage effect.
Embodiment 3
Shown in Fig. 1 ~ 3, many habitats the ecology pond systems is that the pool is divided into very water and floatingleaved plant ecotope 1, artificial-strengthening ecotope 2 and submerged plant ecotope zone, 3 three habitats, endures water and floatingleaved plant ecotope 1, artificial-strengthening ecotope 2 and submerged plant ecotope 3 and is arranged in order by ecological pond water-in one side water exit mouth one side;
Endure water and floatingleaved plant ecotope 1, be positioned at the shallow water area of pool water-in one side, formed by emergent fishscale bamboo and floatingleaved plant Gorgon fruit, the planting area of emergent fishscale bamboo is positioned at the water surface edge of water-in one side to the zone of depth of water 15cm, this zone plant plantation interval 25cm, the alternate plantation of front and rear row, every row's spacing 25cm, the planting area of floatingleaved plant Gorgon fruit is positioned at depth of water 15cm to 50cm zone, the Implantation Rate of Gorgon fruit is 85%, and the plant habitat district is with the plant dead twigs and withered leaves in the agricultural run-off and the interception of larger soil particle;
Artificial-strengthening ecotope 2, be positioned at the deepwater regions in pool, this ecotope suspends a plurality of biological floating bed, each biological floating bed plant growing layer, hydrocoles cultivation layer and artificial dielectric felt of vertically being divided into hangs layer, the plant growing layer is suspended in the surface in pool, hydrocoles cultivation layer and artificial dielectric felt hang the below that layer all is positioned at the surface, pool, hydrocoles cultivation layer is positioned at the below of plant growing layer, the artificial dielectric felt hangs the below that layer is positioned at hydrocoles cultivation layer, and the artificial dielectric felt is suspended from the bottom, pool; Biological floating bed length is 3m, and wide is 3m, the adjacent biological floating bed 5m that is spaced apart, and biological floating bed area coverage accounts for 30% of this pool, ecotope surface-area; Plant growing layer every square metre of plantation summer and autumn 5kg Canna generalis Bailey seedling, every square metre of plantation in winter 5kg bracketplant seedling, every square metre on hydrocoles cultivation layer hangs with nylon wire and raises together with the 0.5kg spiral shell, shellfish, the artificial dielectric felt hangs layer felt is cut into the wide strip of 10cm, be suspended from the bottom of the pool, length can be regulated according to the variation of the depth of water, every felt interval 10cm, the alternate suspension of front and rear row, every row's spacing 50cm, the plant growing layer can absorb the nitrogen that transforms in the water, phosphor contaminant, hydrocoles cultivation layer can be removed the particulate form nitrogen in the water, phosphor contaminant, the artificial dielectric felt layers is conducive to the carbonization bacterium, nitrobacteria, adhering to of the microorganisms such as denitrifying bacterium is for the removal of organism and nitrogen pollutant provides good place;
Submerged plant ecotope 3, be positioned at the shallow water area of pool water outlet one side, plant the planting submerged plant stonewort, stonewort evenly plantation is covered with at the bottom of this regional water, the fraction of coverage of stonewort plantation is 90% of this ecotope, under the absorption transformation of stonewort, the nitrogen and phosphorus pollution thing in the runoff is fully tackled, is purified.
In addition, be provided with the interception ditch in the water inlet of many habitats the ecology pond systems, the interception ditch is used for collecting agricultural run-off, be provided with height-adjustable overflow weir 4 at interception ditch and the ecology pond systems connection, many habitats, the rising overflow weir can allow agricultural run-off be stored in the interception ditch, reduce the Pollutant Treatment load of many habitats the ecology pond systems, also make things convenient for field irrigation simultaneously, the reduction overflow weir can allow agricultural run-off directly enter many habitats the ecology pond systems and purify; Be provided with equally height-adjustable overflow weir 5 at water outlet, during the farmland demand irrigation, the overflow weir that can raise allows the ecology pond systems retaining of many habitats, when rainfall is excessive, can reduce overflow weir, allow the agricultural run-off after too much habitat the ecology pond systems purifies enter extraneous water body by discharge channel, reduced the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus pollution thing, also have the water drainage effect.

Claims (8)

1. habitat the ecology pond systems more than a kind, it is characterized in that: described the ecology pond systems is divided into very water and floatingleaved plant ecotope, artificial-strengthening ecotope and submerged plant ecotope zone, three habitats with the pool, described very water and floatingleaved plant ecotope, artificial-strengthening ecotope and submerged plant ecotope are arranged in order from pool water-in one side water exit mouth one side, wherein:
Described very water and floatingleaved plant ecotope are positioned at the shallow water area of pool water-in one side, are used for the interception particulate form pollutent of intaking;
Described artificial-strengthening ecotope is positioned at the deepwater regions in pool, is used for removing the nitrogen and phosphorus pollution thing in pool;
Described submerged plant ecotope is positioned at the shallow water area of pool water outlet one side, is used for further absorbing the nitrogen and phosphorus pollution thing that transforms the pool.
2. many habitats according to claim 1 the ecology pond systems, it is characterized in that: described very water and floatingleaved plant ecotope are comprised of emergent and floatingleaved plant, described emergent is near the bank of pool water-in one side, and described floatingleaved plant next-door neighbour emergent is planted.
3. many habitats according to claim 2 the ecology pond systems, it is characterized in that: described emergent is any one in reed, calamus, cattail, Canna generalis Bailey, wild rice, Scirpus tabernaemontani, Caulis Miscanthis floriduli or the fishscale bamboo, and described floatingleaved plant is any one in water lily, lotus, Herba Eichhorniae, frogbit, floating heart, spatterdock or the Gorgon fruit.
4. many habitats according to claim 1 the ecology pond systems, it is characterized in that: described artificial-strengthening ecotope comprises and is suspended in a plurality of biological floating bed of ballow, pool, each biological floating bed plant growing layer, hydrocoles cultivation layer and artificial dielectric felt of vertically being divided into hangs layer, and described plant growing layer is suspended on the water surface in pool; Described hydrocoles cultivation layer is positioned at the below of plant growing layer, and is under the water surface in pool; Described artificial dielectric felt hangs the below that layer is positioned at hydrocoles cultivation layer, and is suspended from the bottom, pool.
5. many habitats according to claim 4 the ecology pond systems is characterized in that: described biological floating bed long-width ratio is 1:1 ~ 5:1, and biological floating bed length is no more than 5m, the adjacent biological floating bed 1m ~ 5m that is spaced apart.
6. many habitats according to claim 4 the ecology pond systems is characterized in that: described biological floating bed area coverage accounts for 20% ~ 35% of this pool, ecotope surface-area.
7. many habitats according to claim 4 the ecology pond systems, it is characterized in that: described plant growing layer is planted any one in mater convolvulus, cattail, Canna generalis Bailey or the wild rice summer and autumn, in winter planting's Wildcelery Herb, giantreed, fairy bamboo or the bracketplant any one, the hydrocoles of described hydrocoles cultivation layer cultivation comprises spiral shell and shellfish, and it is natural fiber or man-made fiber that described artificial dielectric felt hangs layer material of the artificial dielectric felt that hangs.
8. many habitats according to claim 1 the ecology pond systems, it is characterized in that: the submerged plant of described submerged plant ecotope plantation is any one in black algae, waterweed, eel grass, hornwort, watermifoil, najas marina, Herba potamogetonis distincti or the stonewort, and the plantation fraction of coverage of submerged plant is no less than 75% of this ecotope.
CN2012105180340A 2012-12-06 2012-12-06 Multi-habitat ecological pond system Pending CN102976494A (en)

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CN103936164A (en) * 2014-04-28 2014-07-23 宁波原水集团有限公司 Method for remediating eutrophicated surface water all year round by virtue of seasonal aspect plant crop rotation technology
CN104472177A (en) * 2014-12-04 2015-04-01 上海交通大学 Efficient agricultural fertilizer conversion and utilization method
CN104628140A (en) * 2015-02-03 2015-05-20 北京林业大学 Comprehensive water purification method based on shallow/deep water plants and shoreland vegetation
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CN106115941A (en) * 2016-08-30 2016-11-16 扬州大学 A kind of rice field runoff regulation intercepts with nitrogen phosphorus diafiltration and removes filtration system and application process thereof
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Application publication date: 20130320