CN104472177A - Efficient agricultural fertilizer conversion and utilization method - Google Patents
Efficient agricultural fertilizer conversion and utilization method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104472177A CN104472177A CN201410728402.3A CN201410728402A CN104472177A CN 104472177 A CN104472177 A CN 104472177A CN 201410728402 A CN201410728402 A CN 201410728402A CN 104472177 A CN104472177 A CN 104472177A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
An efficient agricultural fertilizer conversion and utilization method includes in the early period of rice growth, utilizing different characteristics of different duckweed growth periods, feeding various duckweed configured in a composite manner into the paddy field, installing a duckweed baffling device at the water drainage port of the paddy field to prevent the duckweed from flowing out with water flow, when rice seedlings require little nutrition, allowing the duckweed to absorb nutrition from the water of the field for growth to store the nutrition inside; in the tillering period, allowing the duckweed to accumulate in the field in large amount and to be decomposed gradually to supply nutrition to the rice in various growth period after the tillering period; in the field drying period, allowing the duckweed to sink to the mud and rots gradually to serve as green fertilizer so as to supply nutrition to rice subsequently and optimize the soil environment. The method has the advantages of simple operation and low cost, excessive nitrogen and phosphorus of the field can be converted into nutrition required by rice growth, the fertilizer utilization rate is increased, the effects of preventing paddy field non-point source pollution and fertilizing the soil are achieved, and the method can be applied to rice cultivation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Efficient utilization method of agrochemical, be specifically related to a kind of by the Efficient Conversion of compound duckweed to agrochemical and the method for utilization, belong to agricultural technology field.
Background technology
In Crops in Applying Fertilizer process, the availability of crop to nitrogen is only 20%-35%, and nitrogen major part, by adsorption by soil, absorbs gradually for crop, also has 5% ~ 10% to evaporate in air; Discharging in the nitrogen in farmland with precipitation runoff and seepage has 20%-25% to be the chemical nitrogen fertilizer that this season is used, and with regard to the pollution of surface water (lake etc.) nitrate nitrogen, chemical nitrogen fertilizer account for more than 50%.Crop is also very low to the availability of phosphate fertilizer, and this season crop utilization rate only has 5%-15% under normal circumstances, adds that aftereffect is generally also no more than 25%, so the phosphorus accounting for total fertilization amount 75% ~ 90% is trapped in soil.Use phosphate fertilizer for a long time and excessively, usually cause farmland tillaging layer soil to be in rich phosphorus state, for a change this state accelerates by the approach such as runoff the speed that phosphorus moves to water body.
The deterioration of agricultural area source nitrogen and phosphorus pollution to water environment has contributes very significantly, and the pollution of the generation of eutrophication and underground water and drinking water and the loss of farmland compound fertilizer have close relationship.In order to reduce the contribution of widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area to body eutrophication and groundwater contamination, a large amount of person property's power has been dropped into both at home and abroad on the source controlling nutriment, but because of reasons such as widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area scope are wide, pollution course is complicated, at present desirable technical method also be there is no to the improvement of widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area.
Duckweed is the small-sized float type underwater acoustic fuze of the common class described in " Chinese Plants will ", and at " JaclynMarie Hill a, Sven Kaehler b, Martin Patrick Hill; Baseline isotope data for Spirodelasp.:Nutrientdifferentiationin aquatic systems, water research, 2012, (46): 3553-3562 ", " Elena A.G ü nter, OxanaV.Popeyko, Yury S.Ovodov; Action of β-galactosidase in medium on the Lemna minor (L.) calluspolysaccharides, Carbohydrate Research, 2009, (344): 2602-2605 ", " Zhu Yerong, Wang Yong etc.; Duckweed correlative study several respects impressive progress biology circular, 2010,45 (4): 4-6 ", " Li Hua, Chen Yingxu etc.; Duckweed on the impact of nitrogen transformation and soluble nitrogen in the Soil surface water of rice field, 2006,20 (5): 94-129 " etc. in open.
Although duckweed is little and simple, its effect is huge, is not only widely used in the aspects such as plant physiology, genetics, ecology and environment measuring for many years, and is widely used in the improvement of water pollution.More there is report display duckweed can also effective poisonous and harmful substance in degrading waste water, purify liquid waste.Although duckweed has good absorption enrichment to nitrogen too much in water body, phosphorus nutrition material, in practical application process, if improper use can strive fertilizer with target crop, affect plant growth, and the risk of the secondary pollution that duckweed is spread unchecked can be produced.
Through finding the retrieval of prior art, Chinese patent literature CN103395886A (open day for announcing 2013.11.20), disclose a kind of method of ecological ditch treated side source pollutants, by building ecological ditch, and management and utilization is carried out to ecological ditch, to reach the treatment effect produced area source pollutants nitrogen, phosphorus.But the pollution source of widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area are quite extensive, and N and P losses approach is many, more difficult source, face sewage to be put together, process by the method.
Chinese patent literature CN104054496A (open day for announcing 2014.09.24), disclose a kind of pollution of area source prevention and control cultivation method of sweet osmanthus nursery, by site preparation and fertilization, interlacing plantation osmanthus fragrans, plant in again in the ranks and plant Vat slurry grass, to change soil structure in sweet osmanthus nursery, reduce N, P and water and soil loss, promote the increase of the soil organic matter and nutrient content.But the production of the method on target crop has larger impact, and the prevention and control limited use to N, the P in water body.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the deficiency that prior art exists, a kind of Efficient Conversion of agrochemical and the method for utilization are provided, by compound duckweed, nitrogen too much in farmland, phosphorus are carried out transforming and utilizing, the N and P losses in effective minimizing farmland, improve the availability of agrochemical, and ecological restoration function is played to farmland sysrem, to improve economic benefit and the social benefit of agricultural production.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
A kind of Efficient Conversion of agrochemical and the method for utilization, it comprises: do early stage rice, utilize the feature that the different duckweed growth phase is different, the duckweed of a certain amount of multi items compound proportioning is dropped in rice field, and duckweed blocking apparatus is installed, to prevent described duckweed from flowing out with current, when rice seedling does not also need to absorb nutrient in a large number at the discharge outlet place in rice field, described duckweed absorbs Soil surface water Middle nutrition material and is used for own growth, to be stored in by nutriment in this duckweed body; In rice plant of tillering stage, described duckweed is at field bulk deposition and start to clear up gradually, the nutriment after supply tillering stage needed for each growth period paddy rice; In the dry field phase, described duckweed to be deposited in earth and to rot gradually to become green manure, for paddy rice follow-up nutrient is provided while improvement soil environment.
Further, described rice does to refer to early stage, at preparing soil in rice field, basal dressing with after pouring water, before rice transplanting.
Further, described duckweed comprises blue or green duckweed, few root duckweed and Duo Gen duckweed, after gathering this blue or green duckweed, few root duckweed and Duo Gen duckweed, is chosen by impurity wherein from waters.
Further, the duckweed of a certain amount of multi items compound of described input proportioning refers to, blue or green duckweed: few root duckweed: the fresh weight ratio of many duckweeds is 1 ~ 9:1 ~ 3:1 ~ 3; Input amount is 200g/m
2.
Further, described duckweed blocking apparatus comprises: play the clamping plate of rigid support effect, for tackle duckweed net, for filter Soil surface water without woven cloths and play the holddown groove of fixation; Described clamping plate have macroscopic void, and the mesh diameter of described net is 2mm, and described clamping plate to be arranged in described holddown groove and to move up and down according to water level.
The present invention is in fact the exploitation of the many ecological niches in a kind of rice field, from the theory taking green safety to administer to widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area, utilizes the difference of different duckweed growth phase, the duckweed of multi items is carried out proportioning, throws and supports in rice field; When rice makes duckweed raised growth in early stage, paddy rice does not also absorb nutriment in a large number, not only avoid duckweed and paddy rice and strive fertile possibility, and the too much nutriment likely run off with current in the Soil surface water of rice field is absorbed efficiently and is stored in duckweed body, greatly reduce the number of dropouts after chemical fertilizer application; Duckweed growth to be deposited to afterwards to a certain extent in soil and self to clear up gradually, thus provides nutrient for the growth after paddy rice, reduces rice field pollution of area source, improves the availability of chemical fertilizer; Meanwhile, duckweed remains in rice field by the duckweed blocking apparatus of setting, ensure that the effect of duckweed, prevents duckweed to spread unchecked simultaneously, avoids the secondary pollution caused other water bodys.
Compared with prior art, the Efficient Conversion of described agrochemical and the method for utilization have advantage simple to operate, with low cost, nitrogen too much in farmland, phosphorus efficiency can be converted into the nutrient needed for paddy growth, effectively reduce the N and P losses in farmland, achieve making full use of of vertical space in inside, rice field simultaneously, from ecological view, be filled with vacancy ecological niche, substantially increase availability and the rice field availability of agrochemical fertilizer; The present invention also reaches the effect preventing rice field pollution of area source and fertilizing soil, good ecological restoration function is had to farmland sysrem, in Reducing amount of chemical fertilizer applied, purification agricultural drain, prevent and treat or alleviate widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area and have great importance, substantially increase economic benefit and the social benefit of agricultural production.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the conversion efficiency schematic diagram of embodiment 1 couple of N.
Fig. 2 is the conversion efficiency schematic diagram of embodiment 2 couples of P.
Fig. 3 is ammonium nitrogen concentration schematic diagram over time in the Soil surface water of embodiment 3 rice field.
Fig. 4 is nitrate schematic diagram over time in the Soil surface water of embodiment 3 rice field.
Fig. 5 is total nitrogen concentration schematic diagram over time in the Soil surface water of embodiment 3 rice field.
Fig. 6 is total phosphorus concentration schematic diagram over time in the Soil surface water of embodiment 3 rice field.
Embodiment
The Efficient Conversion of agrochemical of the present invention and the method for utilization comprise: do early stage rice, i.e. preparing soil in rice field, basal dressing and after pouring water, before rice transplanting, utilize the feature that the different duckweed growth phase is different, the duckweed of a certain amount of multi items compound proportioning is dropped in rice field, this duckweed comprises blue or green duckweed, few root duckweed and Duo Gen duckweed, gather this blue or green duckweed, few root duckweed and Duo Gen duckweed from waters after, impurity is wherein chosen, described blue or green duckweed: few root duckweed: the fresh weight ratio of many duckweeds is 1 ~ 9:1 ~ 3:1 ~ 3; Input amount is 200g/m
2; And at the discharge outlet place in rice field, duckweed blocking apparatus is installed, flows out with current to prevent described duckweed; When rice seedling does not also need to absorb nutrient in a large number, described duckweed absorbs the nutriment likely run off with current in Soil surface water and is used for own growth, to be stored in by nutriment in this duckweed body; In rice plant of tillering stage, described duckweed is at field bulk deposition and start to clear up gradually, the nutriment after supply tillering stage needed for each growth period paddy rice; In the dry field phase, described duckweed to be deposited in earth and to rot gradually to become green manure, for paddy rice follow-up nutrient is provided while improvement soil environment.
Described duckweed blocking apparatus comprises: clamping plate, net, without woven cloths and holddown groove.Described clamping plate play rigid support effect, and these clamping plate have macroscopic void, to be arranged in described holddown groove and to move up and down according to water level.Described net is for tackling duckweed, and its mesh diameter is 2mm.Described without woven cloths for filtering Soil surface water.Described holddown groove plays fixation.
Below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in detail.Following embodiment is premised on technical scheme of the present invention; give detailed embodiment and concrete operating process; but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following embodiment; for persons skilled in the art; not deviating from any apparent change done under technical solution of the present invention prerequisite, all belong to the protection domain of the claims in the present invention.
Embodiment 1
The main material of the present embodiment: NH
4cL, KNO
3, 1/10Hogland nutrient solution (pH 5.5), blue or green duckweed, few root duckweed, many duckweeds.
With concentration in general sewage water body for foundation, on the basis of 1/10Hogland nutrient solution, will wherein nitrogen nutrition be adjusted to containing NH
4 +: NO
3 -for 1:1, be 10.5mg/L containing N concentration.Get multiple 350ml expendable transparent plastic cup, pour the above-mentioned culture fluid of 200ml respectively into.Select the blue or green duckweed grown fine, few root duckweed and Duo Gen duckweed kind, five duckweeds are set and throw in process A, B, C, D and E, their blue or green duckweed: few root duckweed: the fresh weight ratio of many duckweeds respectively is 9:1:1,1:3:1,1:1:3,3:1:1 and 4:2:2, in each process, the injected volume of duckweed is 0.1g, 4 repetitions are established in each process, and do the blank not throwing in duckweed.Every day is with the moisture of deionized water replenish lost.
Mensuration project is the conversion ratio of duckweed to N, the inorganic N content that the organic N content/duckweed of duckweed to the conversion ratio=generation of N consumes; Assay method is: wait duckweed to occur after aging is cleared up (30 days), within every 15 days, measures once, the NH of inorganic states
4 +, NO
3 -consumption, and measure TN to calculate the content of Organic N.
Duckweed is by absorbing the NH of the inorganic states in culture fluid
4 +, NO
3 -ion meets self growth demand, after duckweed aging, clears up by duckweed body the N discharging organic in culture medium.Result of the test shows, cultivate duckweed certain hour in culture fluid after, duckweed can discharge a large amount of organic N in culture fluid, but difference to some extent between different disposal.As shown in Figure 1, As time goes on, the N of duckweed release organic increases gradually, and when 45 days, the relative quantity of treatments B release is maximum, when to illustrate with few root duckweed as sociales, and early start release organic N; The organic N that discharge 75 days time of process C just sharply rises, this may be with many duckweeds for sociales time, the growth of many duckweeds is the slowest, the cause that duckweed plant arrival declining period is more consistent; 75 days time, the N of the organic of 5 process releases is 91.1%, 94.6%, 89.1%, 91.6% and 90.1% of the inorganic N consumed respectively, illustrates that each process all has very high conversion ratio to the inorganic N in culture fluid.
Embodiment 2
The main material of the present embodiment: K H
2pO
4, 1/10Hogland nutrient solution (pH 5.5), blue or green duckweed, few root duckweed, many duckweeds.
With concentration in general sewage water body for foundation, on the basis of 1/10Hogland nutrient solution, be 7.5mg/L by wherein phosphorus element is adjusted to containing P concentration.Get multiple 350ml expendable transparent plastic cup, pour the above-mentioned culture fluid of 200ml respectively into; Select the blue or green duckweed grown fine, few root duckweed and Duo Gen duckweed kind, five duckweeds are set and throw in process A, B, C, D and E, their blue or green duckweed: few root duckweed: the fresh weight ratio of many duckweeds respectively is 9:1:1,1:3:1,1:1:3,3:1:1 and 7:2.5:1.5, the injected volume of each process duckweed is 0.1g, 4 repetitions are established in each process, and do the blank not throwing in duckweed.Every day is with the moisture of deionized water replenish lost.
Mensuration project is the conversion ratio of duckweed to P, the inorganic states P content that the organic P content/duckweed of duckweed to the conversion ratio=generation of P consumes; Assay method is: wait duckweed to occur after aging is cleared up (30 days), within every 15 days, measures once, measures the H of inorganic states
2pO
4 -consumption, and the content of TP is to calculate the amount of organic P of duckweed release.
Duckweed is by absorbing the H of the inorganic states in culture fluid
2pO
4 -ion meets self growth demand, after duckweed aging, clears up by duckweed body the P discharging organic in culture medium.Result of the test shows, cultivate duckweed certain hour in culture fluid after, duckweed can discharge a large amount of organic P in culture fluid, but difference to some extent between different disposal.As shown in Figure 2, As time goes on, the organic nitrogen of duckweed release also raises gradually, but in process of the test, the organic P of process A release is less, when 75 days, 35.1% is only to the conversion ratio of inorganic states P, this may be with blue or green duckweed for sociales time, because the individuality of blue or green duckweed is minimum, more limited to the utilization of inorganic states P; Consistent with the release rule of organic N, treatments B and D just discharged organic P in a large number 45 days time, and processed C 75 days time, just discharged organic P in a large number.75 days time, the P of the organic of five process releases is 85.1%, 90.8%, 91.3%, 88.5% and 89.3% of the inorganic states P consumed respectively, illustrates that each process all has very high conversion ratio to the inorganic states P in culture fluid.
Embodiment 3
The main material of the present embodiment is Rice Cropping experimental field, blue or green duckweed, few root duckweed and Duo Gen duckweed.
Experimental field area 596rn
2, be divided into 6 communities with ridge, ridge height 20cm, and with plastic foil bag quilt, every plot area is 96rn
2(8m x 12m); Experimental field is provided with a water inlet and delivery port, and delivery port is equipped with duckweed blocking apparatus, and this duckweed blocking apparatus comprises: clamping plate, net, without woven cloths and holddown groove; Clamping plate play rigid support effect, to be arranged in holddown groove and to move up and down according to water level, these clamping plate have macroscopic void.Net is for tackling duckweed, and its mesh diameter is 2mm.Without woven cloths for filtering Soil surface water.Holddown groove plays fixation.If 2 process: duckweed (CK) is not thrown in process 1; Duckweed is thrown in process 2, and injected volume is 200g/rn
2.Blue or green duckweed: few root duckweed: the scope of the fresh weight ratio of many duckweeds is 1 ~ 9:1 ~ 3:1 ~ 3.
Throw in 30 days (tillering stage) of duckweed, 60 days (booting stage) and 90 days (milk ripe stage) time, get Soil surface water mensuration NH
4 +-N, NO
3 --N, TN and TP.Experimental result shows, after putting duckweed in a suitable place to breed, in the Soil surface water of rice field, the concentration of N, P has significant change, but NH
4 +-N, NO
3 -the change of-N, TN, TP is different.
As shown in Figure 3,30 days and 60 days time, execute NH in duckweed process Soil surface water
4 +-N concentration is significantly higher than CK, and when 90 days, without significant difference, and As time goes on, executes duckweed process NH
4 +-N concentration declines gradually.Because duckweed in early stage covers the water surface in a large number, define the water body environment of an anoxic, strengthen denitrification, produce a large amount of NH
4 +-N; Later stage clears up along with duckweed, and anaerobic environment is removed gradually, adds absorbing of paddy growth, NH
4 +the content of-N also reduces gradually.
As shown in Figure 4, each period Soil surface water NO
3 -the concentration of-N is all significantly higher than CK, and As time goes on, executes duckweed process NO
3 --N concentration declines gradually, because the Soil surface water that exists for of duckweed provides more nitrogenous source, along with the minimizing of duckweed, and NO
3 --N concentration also declines gradually.
As shown in Figure 5, the TN concentration executing duckweed process Soil surface water each period is also significantly higher than CK, As time goes on, the TN of Soil surface water first increases rear decline, and when 90 days, the TN executing duckweed process Soil surface water has greatly improved, because duckweed enters declining period, start a large amount of clearing up, the organic nitrogen that output is a large amount of.
As shown in Figure 6, As time goes on, TP in the Soil surface water of CK declines gradually, and the TP executed in the Soil surface water of duckweed process raises after first declining again, and during except 30 days, execute TP in the Soil surface water of duckweed process lower than outside CK, 60 days and 90 days time, the TP executed in the Soil surface water of duckweed process is significantly higher than CK, because of the growth of duckweed in early stage, absorb the P element in Soil surface water, TN concentration in Soil surface water is declined, but clearing up and release a large amount of P element to Soil surface water in later stage duckweed, makes TN concentration in Soil surface water be greatly improved.
Claims (5)
1. the Efficient Conversion of an agrochemical and the method for utilization, it is characterized in that: described method comprises: do early stage rice, utilize the feature that the different duckweed growth phase is different, the duckweed of a certain amount of multi items compound proportioning is dropped in rice field, and at the discharge outlet place in rice field, duckweed blocking apparatus is installed, flow out with current to prevent described duckweed, when rice seedling does not also need to absorb nutrient in a large number, described duckweed absorbs Soil surface water Middle nutrition material and is used for own growth, to be stored in by nutriment in this duckweed body; In rice plant of tillering stage, described duckweed is at field bulk deposition and start to clear up gradually, the nutriment after supply tillering stage needed for each growth period paddy rice; In the dry field phase, described duckweed to be deposited in earth and to rot gradually to become green manure, for paddy rice follow-up nutrient is provided while improvement soil environment.
2. the Efficient Conversion of agrochemical according to claim 1 and the method for utilization, is characterized in that: described rice does to refer to early stage, at preparing soil in rice field, basal dressing with after pouring water, before rice transplanting.
3. the Efficient Conversion of agrochemical according to claim 1 and 2 and the method for utilization, it is characterized in that: described duckweed comprises blue or green duckweed, few root duckweed and Duo Gen duckweed, gather this blue or green duckweed, few root duckweed and Duo Gen duckweed from waters after, impurity is wherein chosen.
4. the Efficient Conversion of agrochemical according to claim 3 and the method for utilization, is characterized in that: the duckweed of a certain amount of multi items compound of described input proportioning refers to, blue or green duckweed: few root duckweed: the fresh weight ratio of many duckweeds is 1 ~ 9:1 ~ 3:1 ~ 3; Input amount is 200g/m
2.
5. the Efficient Conversion of agrochemical according to claim 1 and the method for utilization, is characterized in that: described duckweed blocking apparatus comprises: play the clamping plate of rigid support effect, for tackle duckweed net, for filter Soil surface water without woven cloths and play the holddown groove of fixation; Described clamping plate have macroscopic void, and the mesh diameter of described net is 2mm, and described clamping plate to be arranged in described holddown groove and to move up and down according to water level.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114711110A (en) * | 2022-04-14 | 2022-07-08 | 扬州大学 | Method for controlling pH value of rice field by utilizing duckweed and improving utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer in rice field |
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Cited By (1)
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| CN114711110A (en) * | 2022-04-14 | 2022-07-08 | 扬州大学 | Method for controlling pH value of rice field by utilizing duckweed and improving utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer in rice field |
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