CN113287041A - 发光改性 - Google Patents
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- CN113287041A CN113287041A CN202080008959.3A CN202080008959A CN113287041A CN 113287041 A CN113287041 A CN 113287041A CN 202080008959 A CN202080008959 A CN 202080008959A CN 113287041 A CN113287041 A CN 113287041A
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Abstract
公开了一种包括背光源的显示装置,所述背光源包含发光二极管。所公开的显示装置包括被配置为控制光从所述背光源到观看者的传输的液晶面板。所述显示装置还包括一个或多个光学膜,所述光学膜结合有一种或多种光转换材料。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求美国专利申请序列号16/695,983的优先权,其目前未决,于2019年11月26日提交,标题为《发光改性(LIGHT EMISSION MODIFICATION)》,后者
又要求美国临时专利序列号62/772,513的权益,其已经过期,于2018年11月28日提交,标题为《发光改性(LIGHT EMISSION MODIFICATION)》。
技术领域
本公开涉及包括光转换材料的显示系统。
背景技术
手持、平板、计算机和其它装置显示器已经趋向于更高的分辨率和更真实的色彩平衡。虽然可以使用各种方法来实现分辨率和颜色,但是许多高性能显示器包括可以在输出光谱内产生高水平蓝色的LED。这些装置中的许多是电池供电的,并且用户通常期望长的电池续航时间。较长的电池续航时间通常要求低功耗,以及用于光保护的各种手段。通常,这些显示器通常没有优先考虑眼睛安全作为设计目标。越来越多的医学研究表明,色谱的“有毒”蓝色部分可能对眼睛具有不利影响,以至于在较长的时间内可能会导致视力损伤。此外,新的知识表明,从光谱的某些部分来看,对个体的自然昼夜节律会产生不利的影响。本公开描述了在减少暴露于有害蓝光和UV光的能力方面具有高选择性的材料以及将这些材料并入到移动、平板或PC显示器中。这些材料可以作为波长的函数进行优化以保持白点。这些材料中的许多降低了总的光透射。然而,如本公开所述,这些材料中的一些可将光谱的有害部分转化或再循环为无害的光波长。以这种方式,可以在显示亮度损失最小的情况下实现有害颜色频率的减少、光学清晰度的保持和真实白色彩平衡的保持之间的平衡。鉴于最近的医疗发现、显示器的越来越普遍的使用以及消费者对高质量显示器的需求,本公开的系统以独特的方式解决了多种需要。
发明内容
为了解决眼睛安全问题,提供了显示系统,其将可减少暴露于有害蓝光和紫外光的材料结合到移动、平板或个人计算机显示器中。本公开提供了显示系统,其包括这样的材料,将可见电磁光谱的有害部分转换或再循环为不太有害的光波长,同时在显示亮度损失最小的情况下保持有害色频率的减少、保持光学透明度,以及真实白色彩平衡保持之间的平衡。
在一个方面,公开了一种解决上述问题的显示系统。所公开的显示系统包括背光源,该背光源包括发光二极管。发光二极管可以发射白光或RGB(红-绿-蓝)光。所公开的显示系统还包括液晶面板,该液晶面板被配置为控制来自背光源的光的透射,该光对于观看者是可见的。另外,所公开的显示系统包括一个或多个光学膜。所述膜可以结合一种或多种光转换材料。一个或多个光学膜被定位成使得来自背光源的光在到达观看者之前穿过一个或多个光学膜。所述一种或多种光转换材料中的每一种均可吸收第一波长范围内的光并重新发射第二波长范围内的光。
在另一方面,公开了一种将光从第一波长转换为第二波长的方法,其包括显示系统。所公开的方法包括将显示系统结合到电子装置(通常是便携式电子显示装置)的输出显示器之中或之上。显示系统可以集成到电子显示器中,或者可以从外部应用到电子显示装置的显示器的表面。显示系统包括背光源,该背光源包括发光二极管。发光二极管可以发射白光或RGB(红-绿-蓝)光。所公开的显示系统还包括液晶面板,该液晶面板被配置为控制来自背光源的光的透射,该光对于观看者是可见的。另外,所公开的显示系统包括一个或多个光学膜。所述膜可以结合一种或多种光转换材料。一个或多个光学膜被定位成使得来自背光源的光在到达观看者之前穿过一个或多个光学膜。所述一种或多种光转换材料中的每一种均可吸收第一波长范围内的光并重新发射第二波长范围内的光。
从以下结合附图阅读的详细描述中,将更容易理解本公开的特征和优点。
附图说明
附图是示意性的说明,并不以任何方式限制本发明的范围。附图不一定是按比例绘制的。
图1是根据本公开的示范性显示系统的示意性横截面图。
具体实施方式
将参考附图详细描述各种实施例。参考各种实施例并不限制所附权利要求的范围。此外,在本说明书中所阐述的任何实例并不旨在限制并且仅列举所附权利要求的许多可能实施例中的一些。应当理解的是,各种等同物的省略和替换都被认为是有利的,但是这些旨在覆盖应用或实施例而不脱离所附权利要求的精神或范围。此外,应理解本文所使用的措词和术语是出于描述的目的且不应被视为是限制性的。
图1是可以有利地采用本公开的系统的实例显示系统100的示意性截面图。显示系统100可用于例如液晶显示器(LCD)监视器、LCD-TV、手持式、平板式、膝上型或其它计算装置中。然而,图1的显示系统100仅是示范性的,且本公开的系统不限于与类似于系统100的系统一起使用。本公开的系统可以有益地用于不一定包括液晶显示技术的其它种类的显示系统中。
显示系统100可以包括液晶(LC)面板150和被定位成向LC面板150提供照明光的照明组合件101。LC面板150包括设置在面板板154之间的LC层152。板154可以在其内表面上包括电极结构和取向层,用于控制LC层152中液晶的取向。可以布置这些电极结构以限定LC面板像素。滤色器还可以被包括在板152中的一个或多个中,用于在LC面板150显示的图像上施加颜色。
LC面板150可以位于上吸收偏振器156和下吸收偏振器158之间。吸收偏振器156、158和LC面板150的组合可以控制光从照明组合件101到观看者的传输,观看者通常朝向图1的顶部定位并且在显示系统100处通常向下看(相对于图1)。控制器104可以选择性地激活LC层152的像素以形成观看者看到的图像。
可以在上吸收偏振器156上提供一个或多个任选层157,例如,为显示器提供光学功能和/或机械和/或环境保护。
照明组合件101可以包括背光源108和位于背光源108和LC面板150之间的一个或多个光控制膜140。显示系统100的背光源108包括生成照亮LC面板150的光的光源112。光源112可以包括任何合适的发光技术。在一些实施例中,光源112可以是发光二极管(LED),并且在一些情况下,可以是白色LED。如图所示的背光源108可以是“直下式(direct-lit)”背光源,其中光源112的阵列基本上横跨面板的大部分或全部区域位于LC面板150之后。然而,所说明的背光源108仅是示意性的,且许多其它背光配置是可能的。例如,一些显示系统可以包括具有位于光导的一个或多个侧面处的光源(诸如LED)的“侧光式(side-lit)”背光源,该“侧光式”背光源可以将来自光源的光基本上分布在LC面板150的大部分或全部区域上。
在一些实施例中,背光源108通常发射白光,并且LC面板150与滤色器矩阵组合以形成多色像素组,使得所显示的图像是多色的。
背光源108还包括反射基板102,用于反射从光源112沿远离LC面板150的方向传播的光。反射基板102还可用于在显示系统100内再循环光。
光控制膜的布置140,其也可称为膜堆叠、背光膜堆叠或光控制单元,可定位在背光源108与LC面板150之间。光控制膜140可以影响从背光源108传播的照明光,从而改善显示系统100的操作。光控制单元140不一定包括这里所示和所述的所有部件。
光控制膜的布置140可以包括扩散体120。扩散体120可以漫射从光源112接收的光,这可以导致入射在LC面板150上的照明光的均匀性提高。扩散层120可以是任何合适的扩散膜或扩散板。
光控制单元140可以包括反射偏振器142。光源112通常产生非偏振光,但是下吸收偏振器158仅透射单个偏振态;因此,约一半由光源112生成的光不透射通过LC层152。然而,反射偏振器142可用于反射否则将在下吸收偏振器158中吸收的光。因此,该光可通过反射偏振器142和下面的显示部件(包括反射基板102)之间的反射而再循环。由反射偏振器142反射的光的至少一些可以被去偏振并随后以偏振状态返回到反射偏振器142,该偏振状态通过反射偏振器142和下吸收偏振器158透射到LC层152。以这种方式,反射偏振器142可用于增加到达LC层152的由光源112发射的光的比例,从而提供更亮的显示输出。任何合适类型的反射偏振器都可用于反射偏振器142。
在一些实施例中,偏振控制层144可设置在扩散板120和反射偏振器142之间。偏振控制层144可用于改变从反射偏振器142反射的光的偏振,使得有更多再循环光透射通过反射偏振器142。
光控制膜的布置140还可以包括一个或多个增亮层。增亮层可以包括表面结构,其使偏离轴光在更靠近显示器的轴的方向上重定向。这可以增加通过LC层152在轴上传播的光量,从而增加观察者看到的图像的亮度。增亮层的一个实例是棱柱形增亮层,其具有多个棱柱形脊,其通过折射和反射来重定向照明光。棱柱形增亮层的实例包括可从3M公司获得的BEF棱柱形膜。其它种类的增亮层可以合并非棱柱结构。
图1所示的示范性实施例示出了设置在反射偏振器142和LC面板150之间的第一增亮层146a。棱镜增亮层146a通常在一个维度上提供光学增益。可选的第二增亮层146b也可包括在光控制层的布置140中,其棱镜结构与第一增亮层146a的棱镜结构正交地定向。这样的配置在两个维度上提供了显示系统100的光学增益的增加。在其它示范性实施例中,增亮层146a、146b可位于背光源108和反射偏振器142之间。
光控制单元140中的不同层可以是自立式的。在其它实施例中,光控制单元140中的两个或多个层可以层压在一起。在其它示范性实施例中,光控制单元140可包括两个或更多个子组合件。
应当理解,作为示意图,显示系统100的部件没有按比例示出,并且通常以与它们的横向范围(沿左右方向)相比大大放大的厚度(沿图1的上下方向)示出。显示系统100的许多元件,包括(但不一定限于)102、120、142、144、146a、146b、152、154、156和157,可以在与它们的厚度大致正交(即,垂直于图1的平面)的二维中在近似等于显示器的可视区域的区域上延伸,该区域可以被称为“显示区域”。
回到背光源108,在一些实施例中,光源112可以发射大量的潜在有害波长范围的光,例如UV和蓝光范围(特别是低于约455nm)。在不包括本公开的系统的显示系统100中,显著量的这种潜在有害的光可以由显示系统100向用户(相对于图1向上)发射。在本文中,“显著”量的光可以是指可能对显示器用户造成有害健康影响的光量。鉴于这种危害,本公开提供了用于减少从诸如系统100的显示系统发射的有害蓝光的量的系统。
与不具有这种吸收特征的其他方面相同的参考显示器相比,基于光的吸收(以其他方式去除光)而不在电磁光谱的可见区域中后续发射光的蓝光发射减轻方法通常可导致显示器的亮度(测量的和/或感知的)降低。在一些情况下,为了补偿这种与吸收相关的亮度降低,显示器的功率输入增加(相对于参考显示器的功率输入)。通常,显示器功率消耗的增加可能是不合需要的,尤其在便携式装置中,其中所述显示器功率消耗的增加可能不利地影响电池续航时间。
在本公开中,公开了用于修改来自显示器的光发射的系统,其中可以远离显示器的光源(例如图1的光源112)使用光转换材料。光转换材料通常可吸收第一波长范围内的光并发射第二波长范围内的光(因此将光从一个波长范围“转换”到另一波长范围)。在本公开中,从较短波长到较长波长的转换可称为“上转换”,且从较长波长到较短波长的转换可称为“下转换”。然而,应当认识到,这些定义可能不是通用的,并且其它文档可能相反地定义上转换和下下转换(例如,一些文档可以相对于频率定义这样的术语,频率与波长成反比)。
使用远离显示器的光源光转换材料的系统可用于吸收不太有用或有害波长范围内的光,例如UV和蓝光范围(特别是低于约455nm),并重新发射可能更有用的更良性波长范围内的光(从健康的来看),例如绿色和/或红色波长范围内的光。在一些情况下,光可以从较短的蓝色波长(处于或低于455nm)上转换到较长的蓝色波长,较长的蓝色波长可以是不太有害,并且对于显示器照明也是有用的。以这些方式,相对于不采用这种光转换材料的显示系统,使用远离光源的光转换材料的系统可以改变来自显示系统的光发射。
在一些实例中,使用远离显示器的光源的光转换材料的系统可与电子装置显示器一起使用以减轻蓝光发射,使得所得显示系统可实现与不具有远离光源的光转换材料的参考显示器相当的亮度,同时消耗比参考显示器多不超过10%的能量。
与不使用远离光源的光转换材料来减少来自显示器的蓝光发射的一些已知现有方法相比,使用远离光源的光转换材料的系统可以改善显示器的色彩平衡。一些这种已知的现有方法可以通过吸收或去除光谱中一部分蓝光来减少蓝光发射,从而改变从显示器发射的光的光谱平衡。在本公开的系统中,除减少从电子显示装置发射的有害蓝光的量之外,与不包括此类光转换材料的具有蓝光减轻的其它类似显示器相比,远离光源的光转换材料可重新发射光,所述光可有助于、辅助或以其它方式改进从电子显示装置发射的光的色彩平衡。在一些实施例中,包括合并有远离光源的光转换材料的本公开的系统的显示系统可维持D65白点。在一些实施例中,包括合并有远离光源的光转换材料的本公开的系统的显示系统可维持与不具有本公开的蓝光减轻系统的参考显示系统大体上相同的相关色温(CCT)。
在本公开的系统的一些实施例中,光转换材料可与光吸收材料组合使用以减少来自显示系统的有害蓝光发射,且改进或维持显示系统的色彩平衡。
本公开的系统可包括多种光转换材料,所述光转换材料可吸收来自多个波长范围(包括除UV或蓝色波长范围之外的波长范围)的光。
在一些实施例中,本公开的系统可采用吸收来自不被认为造成健康风险的波长范围的光的光转换材料。这种光转换材料的吸收和发射可用于例如改善或有助于显示器的色彩平衡。
任何合适的光转换材料可用于本公开的系统中。非限制性地,所使用的光转换材料可以包括:
-有机材料
-无机材料,其可以是开采的材料
-拉曼散射材料
-反斯托克斯材料
-已知用于其他非显示应用(例如指纹除尘)的材料,
-荧光颜料,诸如可获自美国德高彩色公司(DayGlo Color Corp)的那些(例如,DAYGLO A-594-5)。令人惊奇的是,通常用于需要荧光性能的应用中的材料可用于具有高光谱效率的滤光应用中。
-发光纳米晶体,例如购自西格玛奥德里奇有限责任公司(Sigma Aldrich Co.,LLC)的SUNSTONE Luminescent UCP纳米晶体。
在本公开的系统的一些实施例中,光转换材料可以位于远离显示器的光源的任何合适的位置。在一些实施例中,光转换材料可包括在光控制膜140的一个或多个膜中、上或与光控制膜140的一个或多个膜,和/或图1中未示出的另一个膜或多个膜一起。通常,与光转换材料吸收的光相比,光转换材料可以重新发射具有不同方向性和/或偏振的光。因此,在一些实施例中,光转换材料可以包括在反射偏振器142和/或亮度增强层146a、146b中的一个或多个下面(相对于图1的取向),使得重新发射的光在朝向用户离开显示器之前穿过膜142、146a和146b(如果这种膜存在于显示系统中)。然而,这不是限制性的,并且光转换材料可潜在地位于光控制膜140的任何组分中,或与光控制膜140的任何组分一起。
在本公开的系统的一些实施例中,光转换材料可包括在LC层152与用户之间的显示层中、上或与显示层一起,例如图1的层157。
在本公开的系统的一些实施例中,光转换材料可包括在反射衬底102中、上或与反射衬底102一起。
在本公开的系统的一些实施例中,当包括或提供在光控制膜140、反射器102或另一层(诸如层157)的膜中、上或与其一起时,光转换材料可基本上分布在对应于显示器的显示区域的整个区域周围。在一些这样的实施例中,光转换材料可以基本上均匀地分布在这样的区域上。
光转换材料可以以任何合适的方式包括或提供在光控制膜140、反射器102或另一层(例如层157)的膜中、上或与其一起。在一些实施例中,光转换材料可与膜一起挤出或浇铸。在一些实施例中,光转换材料可涂覆到膜上。在一些实施例中,光转换材料可提供在用于粘结或层压显示系统的一个或多个层(诸如显示系统100的任何合适的层或膜)的粘合剂中或与其一起提供。这种结合了光转换材料的粘合剂可以是基本上光学透明的,除了与光转换材料的吸收和再发射相关的光的重定向之外,表现出的透过粘合剂的光的散射可忽略。
在一些实施例中,光转换材料可以可溶或不溶地分布或分散在作为显示系统100的任何合适的膜或层的组分或前体的整个材料中,例如聚合物树脂或粘合剂。在一些实施例中,光转换材料可包含纳米颗粒,一些纳米颗粒可不溶于聚合物和常用溶剂中。虽然在一些具有可溶性光转换材料的系统中可以更容易地实现均匀的分布,但是在制造期间通过适当的处理可以用不溶性光转换材料实现异质的均匀分布。
在一些实施例中,光转换材料可与它们所合并到的材料或介质折射率匹配,使得它们可在除了它们吸收和再发射光的范围之外的波长范围中呈现基本上光学“不可见”,并且合并了光转换材料的膜或其它材料呈现基本上光学透明。在一些其它实施例中,光转换材料与其所并入到的材料或介质之间的折射率差异可用于其它光学功能,例如(但不一定限于)扩散和反射。通过使无机纳米颗粒适当地小,并将它们化学地偶联至有机粘合剂,可以影响折射率匹配或折射率调节。同样,有机分子本身的设计也可以调节折射率。例如,硅氧烷倾向于提供相对较低的折射率,而复合烃倾向于提供相对较高的折射率。有机官能化配体末端可以改变粘合剂中的折射率。
合并了光转换材料的本公开的系统可经定制设计以适用于现有显示系统,其中可选择的设计参数包括光转换材料以及其它非转换阻挡或过滤化合物的选择。在其它实例中,可设计采用合并了光转换材料的本公开的系统的新显示系统。通过明智地选择LED(和/或其他光源),光转换材料、其他非转换阻挡或过滤化合物,以及其他光学膜和装置,可以开发多种方法的组合以提供解决眼睛健康问题同时提供高显示质量的显示器。
虽然已经图示和描述了本发明的实施例,但是还将清楚的是,在不脱离本发明的范围的情况下可以进行各种修改。还可以设想,所公开的实施例的具体特征和方面的各种组合或子组合可以彼此组合或替换以形成本发明的各种模式。因此,除了所附的权利要求之外,本发明不受任何限制。其中引用的所有参考文献通过引用整体并入本文。
Claims (20)
1.一种显示系统,其包含:
包含发光二极管的背光源,所述背光源发射白光;以及
液晶面板,其被配置为控制光从所述背光源到观看者的传输,
其中所述显示系统还包含一个或多个光控制膜,所述光控制膜在所述背光源和所述液晶面板之间包含一种或多种光转换材料,
其中所述一种或多种光转换材料中的每一种吸收第一波长范围内的光并重新发射第二波长范围内的光,并且
其中所述光转换材料与光吸收材料组合使用以减少低于约455nm的有害蓝光发射。
2.根据权利要求1所述的显示系统,其中,所述背光源包含生成照亮所述液晶面板的光的光源。
3.根据权利要求2所述的显示系统,其中,所述光源包含基本横跨所述液晶面板的区域位于所述液晶面板后面的光源阵列。
4.根据权利要求1所述的显示系统,其中,所述背光源包含位于光导的一侧或多侧的光源。
5.根据权利要求1所述的显示系统,其中,所述光转换材料选自有机材料、无机材料、拉曼散射材料、反斯托克斯材料、荧光颜料和用于指纹除尘的材料。
6.根据权利要求1所述的显示系统,其中,所述一个或多个光学膜包含位于所述背光源和所述液晶面板之间的光控制系统。
7.根据权利要求1所述的显示系统,其中,所述光控制系统包含扩散板或反射偏振器。
8.根据权利要求1所述的显示系统,其中,所述光控制系统包含扩散板和反射偏振器。
9.根据权利要求1所述的显示系统,其还包含在所述扩散板和所述反射偏振器之间的偏振器控制层。
10.根据权利要求1所述的显示系统,其中,所述液晶面板包含设置在面板板之间的液晶层。
11.根据权利要求10所述的显示系统,其中,所述面板板在其各自的内表面上包含电极结构和取向层。
12.根据权利要求11所述的显示系统,其中,所述电极结构和取向层控制所述液晶层中液晶的取向。
13.根据权利要求11所述的显示系统,其中,所述面板板包含滤色器。
14.根据权利要求1所述的显示系统,其中,所述液晶面板位于上吸收偏振器层和下吸收偏振层之间。
15.根据权利要求1所述的显示系统,其还包含控制器,所述控制器选择性地激活所述液晶层的像素以形成图像。
16.根据权利要求1所述的显示系统,其还包含设置在反射偏振器和所述液晶面板之间的第一棱镜增亮层。
17.(原)根据权利要求16所述的显示系统,其还包含第二棱镜增亮层,所述第二棱镜增亮层具有与所述第一棱镜增亮层的棱镜结构正交定向的棱镜结构。
18.根据权利要求1所述的显示系统,其中,所述光控制膜允许所述显示系统保持D65白点。
19.根据权利要求1所述的显示系统,其中,所述光控制膜允许所述显示器保持与没有所述光控制膜的参考显示系统基本相同的相关温度。
20.一种转换光的方法,其包含:
提供显示系统,其中,所述显示系统包含:
背光源,其包含发光二极管,所述背光源发射白光;以及
液晶面板,其被配置为控制光从所述背光源到观看者的传输,
其中所述显示系统还包含一个或多个光控制膜,所述光控制膜包含在所述背光源与所述液晶面板之间的一种或多种光转换材料,其中,所述一种或多种光转换材料中的每一种吸收第一波长范围内的光并且重新发射第二波长范围内的光,并且
其中所述光转换材料与光吸收材料组合使用以减少低于约455nm的有害蓝光发射;以及
将所述显示系统结合到电子显示装置的显示器中。
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WO2021108107A1 (en) | 2021-06-03 |
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