CN113248307A - Slow-mixing fertilizer suitable for direct seeding of rice machine - Google Patents
Slow-mixing fertilizer suitable for direct seeding of rice machine Download PDFInfo
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- CN113248307A CN113248307A CN202110547054.XA CN202110547054A CN113248307A CN 113248307 A CN113248307 A CN 113248307A CN 202110547054 A CN202110547054 A CN 202110547054A CN 113248307 A CN113248307 A CN 113248307A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/30—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings
- C05G5/37—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings layered or coated with a polymer
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Abstract
The invention discloses a slow-mixed fertilizer suitable for direct seeding of a rice machine, which comprises 10-15 parts of urease inhibitor, 7-12 parts of urea formaldehyde, 30-40 parts of resin coated urea for 4 months, 20-25 parts of resin coated diammonium phosphate and 18-25 parts of resin coated potassium chloride. The invention also discloses an application of the machine direct seeding slow mixing fertilizer in rice machine direct seeding fertilization, and the fertilization method comprises the following steps: the nitrogen application amount of the slow mixed fertilizer is 70% of the local conventional nitrogen application amount; the fertilization and the rice seeding are carried out synchronously, and the slow-mixed fertilizer for the direct sowing of the machine is directly applied to the seeds 5cm away from the seeds and 3-5cm deep in the soil. The slow-mixing fertilizer disclosed by the invention is synchronous in fertilization and sowing, is long in fertilizer efficiency, can meet the requirement of rice on nutrition in the whole growth period by one-time fertilization, reduces the fertilization times, and greatly saves the labor cost for fertilization. Compared with the conventional multiple fertilization, on the premise of obviously reducing the nitrogen application amount, the yield of the rice is increased by 7.6 percent, and the utilization rate of the nitrogen fertilizer is improved by 29.2 percent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of fertilizer production, and particularly relates to an efficient slow-mixing fertilizer suitable for direct seeding of a rice machine.
Background
With the expansion of operation scale and the improvement of labor cost, the rice planting mode is gradually changed from manual transplanting to mechanical transplanting and direct seeding. Compared with manual disordered broadcast sowing, mechanical direct sowing is uniform in rows, the yield is stable, and the method can be rapidly developed in suitable areas.
At present, the demand of nitrogen fertilizers for direct seeding rice in different growth periods is mainly met through fractional topdressing of urea, but the operation difficulty is high, uniform and consistent fertilization is difficult to achieve, the urea belongs to quick-acting fertilizers, and most of nutrient substances are not absorbed by plants but are lost through leaching, volatilization, nitration or other modes after the urea is applied to the surface of a rice field. In addition, rainfall is more in most areas during the rice production period, so that fertilizer loss is serious and topdressing is difficult to achieve in time. This not only increases the cost of the fertilizer, but also severely pollutes the environment. Traditional high-yield fractionated fertilization has great limitations in large-scale production. By taking the low-loss, nitrogen-reducing and high-yield effects of the rice machine transplanting, slow-mixing and one-time fertilizing technology as a reference, the research and development of the rice machine direct-seeding and one-time fertilizing technology are imperative.
The key of the rice direct seeding one-time fertilizing technology is the special slow mixed fertilizer for direct seeding. The existing rice production mainly uses water-soluble quick-acting fertilizers as main materials, and the application of slow and controlled release fertilizers is mainly limited to release time and one-time release peak, and the problem that nutrient release needs to be synchronous with crop nutrient absorption cannot be considered. Therefore, the nutrient release characteristics of different slow and controlled release fertilizers are needed to be combined according to the fertilizer requirement rule of the growth stage of the mechanically direct-seeded rice, so that the nutrient requirement of the direct-seeded rice in the whole growth period is met, the direct-seeded rice is high in yield and quality, and the utilization rate of the nitrogen fertilizer is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that the existing single slow controlled release fertilizer cannot meet the requirements of direct-seeded rice on nutrients in each growth stage, and the common fertilizer is not suitable for mechanized fertilization operation of rice, and the like, and according to the requirements of direct-seeded rice on nutrients in different growth and development periods: compared with transplanted rice, the direct-seeded rice has no transplanting and green-turning stage, has small early-stage population and relatively good individual growth environmental conditions, so that the direct-seeded rice generally has early tillering, fast tillering, more tillering and vigorous growth in the middle stage; in the aspect of nitrogen absorption, compared with transplanted rice, the direct-seeded rice has the characteristics of high nitrogen absorption rate before jointing, low nitrogen absorption rate from jointing stage to mature stage and strong front and weak back for nitrogen absorption; after direct seeding of rice, the duration from seed germination to seedling emergence is long, and the fertilizer is less absorbed and utilized before two leaves and one core. The slow-mixed fertilizer suitable for direct seeding of the rice machine is prepared by mixing a urease inhibitor, urea formaldehyde, 4-month resin coated urea, resin coated diammonium phosphate and resin coated potassium chloride, fertilization and seeding are carried out synchronously, the slow-mixed fertilizer is directly applied to a position 5cm away from the seeding side and 3-5cm deep in soil along with seeding, no damage is caused to seeds, additional fertilization is not needed in the later period, the utilization rate of a nitrogen fertilizer is improved, and labor, time and time are saved.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a slow-mixed fertilizer suitable for direct seeding of a rice machine comprises a urease inhibitor, urea formaldehyde, 4-month resin-coated urea, resin-coated diammonium phosphate and resin-coated potassium chloride; the weight portions of the components are as follows:
as the preferable technical scheme of the machine direct seeding slow-mixing fertilizer, the machine direct seeding slow-mixing fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight:
specifically, the machine direct seeding slow-mixing fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight:
the most preferable nutrient ratio of the machine direct seeding slow-mixed fertilizer is 10:5:8 (N: P)2O5:K2Mass ratio of O).
The components in the direct seeding and slow mixing fertilizer are all commercial products, and the nutrient content is expressed by the mass percent of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (calculated by nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide).
The urease inhibitor is a slow release fertilizer with the nitrogen content of 20-28% by mass, and preferably a slow release fertilizer with the nitrogen content of 25% by mass; the urease inhibitor comprises the effective component of N-butyl thiophosphoryl triamide (NBPT), and the content of the N-butyl thiophosphoryl triamide is 1%.
The urea formaldehyde is a slow release fertilizer with the nitrogen content of 32-39% by mass, and preferably a slow release fertilizer with the nitrogen content of 35% by mass.
The 4-month resin coated urea is a controlled release fertilizer with the nitrogen content of 42-46% and the nutrient supply period or the fertilizer effect period of 120 days. Preferably, the 4-month resin-coated urea is a controlled-release fertilizer with the nitrogen content of 43% by mass and the nutrient supply period or the fertilizer effect period of 120 days.
The resin-coated diammonium phosphate contains 15-19% by mass of nitrogen and 40-50% by mass of phosphorus. Preferably, the resin-coated diammonium phosphate contains 18% by mass of nitrogen and 46% by mass of phosphorus.
The mass percent of potassium in the resin-coated potassium chloride is 50-60%, and preferably 56%.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the machine direct seeding slow-mixing fertilizer, which is prepared by fully stirring and uniformly mixing the components according to a formula.
The invention also aims to provide application of the machine direct seeding slow-mixing fertilizer in rice machine direct seeding fertilization, wherein the fertilization method comprises the following steps: the nitrogen application amount of the slow mixed fertilizer is 70% of the local conventional nitrogen application amount; fertilizing and rice seeding are carried out synchronously, the machine direct seeding slow mixing fertilizer is directly applied to 5cm away from the seeds and 3-5cm deep in soil along with the seeds, no damage is caused to the seeds, field diagnosis is carried out in the three-leaf period of rice, and whether spike fertilizer is applied or not is judged.
In the three-leaf period of rice, the color difference between the leaves at the top 3 and the leaves at the top 4 of the rice is utilized to determine whether the field is lack of fertilizer: if the leaf color is obviously faded (the top 4 leaves are lighter than the top 3 leaves), 3 kilograms of nitrogen fertilizer is applied to each mu of indica rice, and less than 5 kilograms of nitrogen fertilizer is applied to each mu of japonica rice; if the leaf color is normal (the leaf color of the top 4 leaves is similar to that of the top 3 leaves), the spike fertilizer is not applied.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) when the rice is sowed, the slow-mixing fertilizer is applied to soil once along with machinery, the fertilization and the sowing are synchronous, the fertilizer efficiency is long, the requirement of the rice on nutrition in the whole growth period can be met by one-time fertilization, the fertilization times are reduced, the fertilization labor cost is greatly saved, and the economic benefit is improved.
(2) The slow mixed fertilizer can improve the rice yield and improve the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer. Compared with conventional multiple fertilization, the yield of rice treated by the slow mixing fertilizer is increased by 7.6% and the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer is increased by 29.2% on the premise of obviously reducing the nitrogen application amount.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the absorption of nitrogen nutrients in rice and the release of a slow-release mixed fertilizer.
Figure 2 is a graph showing the effect of different treatments on the dynamics of soil ammonium nitrogen content.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be further explained by the following embodiments.
Example 1
The slow-mixed fertilizer (short direct-seeding slow-mixed fertilizer) is prepared by fully stirring and uniformly mixing components according to a formula, wherein the components are coated with the slow-release components in parts by weight.
The urease inhibitor contains N-butyl thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) as effective component and has content of 1%.
The nutrient ratio of the direct seeding slow-mixing fertilizer of the embodiment is 10:5:8 (N: P)2O5:K2Mass ratio of O).
In 2020, in the white horse scientific research and teaching base of Nanjing agriculture university, the applicant adopts the machine direct seeding slow-mixing fertilizer of example 1 to perform field experiments (treatment group), and uses the conventional water-soluble quick-acting fertilizer to be manually applied for multiple times as a contrast.
1. The test varieties are as follows: ningxiangjing No. 11
2. Planting density: 25cm × 12cm, 6 granules per cavity.
3. Setting a cell: 20 m.times.5.3 m, randomized block permutation, 3 replicates. And (4) constructing ridges in each cell in the test, and adopting an agricultural film to separate water and fertilizer for independent irrigation and drainage.
4. The fertilization scheme is as follows:
treatment group: the fertilizing amount is calculated by nitrogen application amount, the nitrogen application amount is 70% of the local conventional nitrogen application amount, all the components of the direct seeding and slow mixing fertilizer of the machine in the embodiment 1 are fully stirred and uniformly mixed, the direct seeding and slow mixing fertilizer and the rice seeding are synchronously carried out, and the direct seeding and slow mixing fertilizer and the slow mixing fertilizer are directly applied to the positions, 5cm away from the seed side, 3-5cm deep in soil, along with the seeds. The field diagnosis is carried out in the three-leaf period, the leaf color of the rice plant is normal (the leaf color of the top 4 leaves is similar to that of the top 3 leaves), and the spike fertilizer is not needed to be applied.
Control group: after direct seeding of rice, local conventional fertilizer is immediately applied, urea is manually applied as a seedling fertilizer when 1 leaf and 1 core is reached, urea is manually applied as a tillering fertilizer when 3 leaves and 1 core are reached, urea is manually applied as a spike fertilizer in an inverted 4-leaf stage, and the nitrogen application amount ratio of the four times of fertilization is 3:2:2: 3. The total nitrogen application amount is 20 kg/mu. The control group was applied to the soil surface by manual broadcasting.
And setting a blank treatment without fertilization at the same time of setting the treatment group and the control group.
5. And (3) testing results: and measuring the actual area of the cell in the mature period, performing actual harvest and yield measurement on the harvester, measuring the moisture content, and converting according to the standard moisture content of 14.5% to obtain the yield.
Biomass determination: taking 3 plants as a sample in the maturation period of the treatment group and the control group respectively, repeating the steps for 3 times, separating the ear part from the stem, deactivating enzyme at 105 ℃ for 30min, drying at 80 ℃ to constant weight, and weighing to obtain the dry weight of the ear part and the total dry weight of the stem and the leaf.
And (3) measuring the nitrogen content of the plant: and (4) respectively crushing the samples after the treatment and the drying, and respectively measuring the nitrogen content of the spike part and the stem and leaf by a Kjeldahl method.
And (3) measuring soil ammonium nitrogen: sampling at S-type 5 point in each cell, taking 0-20cm deep soil sample, mixing the soil samples, storing at 4 deg.C in refrigerator, and measuring NH with flow analyzer4 +-N content.
Calculating the formula:
the nitrogen absorption amount is the total nitrogen content of the stem leaves, the total dry matter of the stem leaves, the nitrogen content of the ear part and the dry matter weight of the ear part;
the absorption utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer is (nitrogen absorption quantity in nitrogen application region-nitrogen absorption quantity in blank region)/nitrogen application quantity is multiplied by 100%.
The test results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 influence of direct-seeding slow-mixing fertilizer on rice yield and nitrogen fertilizer absorption and utilization rate
The nitrogen release rate and the nitrogen absorption of rice of the slow-mixing fertilizer are examined (see figure 1).
The nutrient release curve of the slow mixed fertilizer is determined by a burying method: 10g of the machine-direct-seeding slow-mixing fertilizer is put into a 1mm nylon mesh bag (12cm by 8cm), and is buried under the soil surface near the seeds for 3-5cm on the same day of fertilization to simulate side strip fertilization, and the fertilizer is buried into 21 bags. Taking 3 bags respectively at 10 days, 20 days, 30 days, tillering stage, jointing stage, heading stage and maturation stage after sowing, washing fertilizer granules with distilled water, freeze-drying with a freezing air dryer, weighing, grinding with a 0.25mm sieve, and measuring the content of residual N by Kjeldahl method.
The rice nitrogen absorption curve is obtained by field sampling and determination, and the specific method comprises the following steps: the nitrogen absorption amount is measured by taking plant samples at 0, 10, 20, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 140 days after sowing, and the percentage of the nitrogen absorption in each period to the total absorption amount is calculated.
The control and treatment groups were examined for soil ammonium nitrogen supply capacity (see fig. 2). The content of the soil ammonium nitrogen is measured by taking a soil fresh sample in the field, and the specific method comprises the following steps: and taking fresh soil samples of 0-20cm after sowing for 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 13, 16, 20, 22 and 28 days, and measuring the content of ammonium nitrogen in the soil in a laboratory.
The results show that the nutrient release amount of the first ten days of direct seeding slow mixing fertilizer is large, and the released urea is remained in the soil without being greatly lost due to the existence of the urease inhibitor, so that sufficient nutrients are provided for the early-stage colony construction of direct seeding rice. Compared with the conventional small-amount multi-time fertilization of a control group, the slow mixed fertilizer is applied once, the nutritional requirements of direct-seeded rice can be better met, synchronous nutrition is realized, nitrogen loss is reduced, meanwhile, the direct-seeded rice keeps higher yield and nitrogen absorption under the condition of reducing the nitrogen fertilizer application amount, and higher nitrogen fertilizer absorption utilization rate is obtained. Compared with the conventional fertilization technology of a control group, the direct seeding rice using the machine direct seeding slow mixing fertilizer increases the yield by 7.6 percent, and the absorption utilization rate of the nitrogen fertilizer is improved by 29.2 percent. The direct seeding and slow mixing fertilizer applied to the direct seeding rice application machine can reduce the frequency of topdressing, greatly save labor cost, realize light and simplified production, ensure the yield of direct seeding rice, reduce the waste of fertilizer, improve the absorption and utilization rate of nitrogenous fertilizer and reduce the pollution risk of the environment under the condition of reducing the using amount of the fertilizer.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a slowly mix fertilizer suitable for direct seeding of rice machine which characterized in that: comprises urease inhibitor, urea formaldehyde, 4 months resin coated urea, resin coated diammonium phosphate and resin coated potassium chloride; the weight portions of the components are as follows:
2. the slow-mixed fertilizer suitable for direct seeding of rice machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the machine direct seeding slow-mixing fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight:
3. the slow-mixed fertilizer suitable for direct seeding of rice machine as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the machine direct seeding slow-mixing fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight:
4. a slow-mixed fertilizer suitable for direct sowing on a paddy rice machine as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein: the urease inhibitor is a slow release fertilizer with the nitrogen content of 20-28% by mass; the urease inhibitor contains N-butyl thiophosphoryl triamide as the effective component in 1 wt%.
5. A slow-mixed fertilizer suitable for direct sowing on a paddy rice machine as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein: the urea formaldehyde is a slow release fertilizer with the nitrogen content of 32-39% by mass.
6. A slow-mixed fertilizer suitable for direct sowing on a paddy rice machine as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein: the 4-month resin coated urea is a controlled release fertilizer with the nitrogen content of 42-46% and the nutrient supply period or the fertilizer effect period of 120 days;
the resin-coated diammonium phosphate contains 15-19% of nitrogen and 40-50% of phosphorus by mass;
the resin-coated potassium chloride contains 50-60% of potassium by mass.
7. A preparation method of the machine direct seeding slow mixing fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the components are fully stirred and uniformly mixed according to the formula to prepare the composition.
8. The use of the direct-seeding slow-mixing fertilizer of claim 1 in direct-seeding fertilization of rice.
9. Use according to claim 8, characterized in that: the fertilizing method comprises the following steps: the nitrogen application amount of the slow mixed fertilizer is 70% of the local conventional nitrogen application amount; the fertilization and the rice seeding are carried out synchronously, and the slow-mixed fertilizer for the direct sowing of the machine is directly applied to the seeds 5cm away from the seeds and 3-5cm deep in the soil.
10. Use according to claim 8, characterized in that: in the three-leaf period of rice, the color difference between the leaves at the top 3 and the leaves at the top 4 of the rice is utilized to determine whether the field is lack of fertilizer: the leaf color of the top 4 leaves is lighter than that of the top 3 leaves, so that 3 kilograms of nitrogen fertilizer is applied to each mu of indica rice, and less than 5 kilograms of nitrogen fertilizer is applied to each mu of japonica rice; if the leaf color is normal, no spike fertilizer is applied.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115280949A (en) * | 2022-09-05 | 2022-11-04 | 顺祥食品有限公司 | Fertilizing method for direct-seeding rice |
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| CN115280949B (en) * | 2022-09-05 | 2024-04-26 | 顺祥食品有限公司 | Fertilizing method for direct seeding rice |
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Inventor after: Li Ganghua Inventor after: Li Ziyu Inventor after: Liang Limin Inventor after: Tang Xinao Inventor after: Zhao Baoshou Inventor after: Ding Yanfeng Inventor after: Wang Yuhui Inventor after: Yang Hongyi Inventor after: Li Quanxin Inventor after: Tao Weike Inventor after: Gao Shen Inventor after: Yang Fei Inventor before: Li Ganghua Inventor before: Liang Limin Inventor before: Tang Xinao Inventor before: Zhao Baoshou Inventor before: Ding Yanfeng Inventor before: Li Quanxin Inventor before: Tao Weike Inventor before: Gao Shen Inventor before: Wang Yuhui Inventor before: Yang Fei Inventor before: Li Ziyu |