CN113185335A

CN113185335A - Biological organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN113185335A
Application number: CN202110424043.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 谢尚宝; 谢炜
Original assignee: Xinjiang Yinong Weihao Ecological Agriculture Technology Development Co ltd
Current assignee: Xinjiang Yinong Weihao Ecological Agriculture Technology Development Co ltd
Priority date: 2021-04-20
Filing date: 2021-04-20
Publication date: 2021-07-30

Abstract

The invention discloses a biological organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of fertilizer processing, wherein the biological organic fertilizer is prepared from a mixture of livestock and poultry manure and straws, humic acid, bacillus subtilis and water, wherein the weight ratio of the mixture of the livestock and poultry manure and the straws to the humic acid to the bacillus subtilis is 1: (0.1-0.3): (0.0005-0.0015). The biological organic fertilizer is prepared by fermenting the mixture of livestock and poultry manure and straw serving as main raw materials together with humic acid and bacillus subtilis, and effectively realizes waste recycling. The biological organic fertilizer can provide comprehensive nutrition for plants, has long fertilizer efficiency, can increase and update soil organic matters, improves microbial propagation, improves soil activity and enhances nutrient sources required by green soil.

Description

Biological organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizer processing, in particular to a biological organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof.

Background

In the process of planting in the land, the soil quality can be reduced by using the fertilizer for a long time, the granular structure of the soil is difficult to form under the condition of lacking organic matters, the adhesion among soil particles is weakened, the water retention capacity of the soil is gradually reduced, and when the soil cannot keep sufficient moisture, even the better fertilizer cannot release energy under the proper environmental condition, and the water and soil are lost, so that the fertilizer is easy to cause pollution. The organic fertilizer can improve the soil and the fertility of the soil, and after the organic fertilizer is applied to the soil, the physical and chemical conditions and the biological characteristics of the soil can be effectively improved, the soil is cured, the physical and chemical conditions and the biological characteristics of the soil are improved, the soil is cured, and the water retention capacity, the fertilizer supply capacity and the buffer capacity of the soil are enhanced. The existing agricultural organic fertilizer is easy to cause the conditions of root burning, seedling rotting and worm egg generation, and is difficult to prevent diseases.

Disclosure of Invention

Therefore, the invention provides a biological organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, and aims to solve the problems that the existing organic fertilizer is easy to burn roots, rot seedlings and generate worm eggs, and the occurrence of diseases is difficult to prevent.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

according to the first aspect of the invention, the bio-organic fertilizer is prepared from a mixture of livestock and poultry manure and straw, humic acid, bacillus subtilis and water, wherein the weight ratio of the mixture of livestock and poultry manure and straw, the humic acid and the bacillus subtilis is 1: (0.1-0.3): (0.0005-0.0015).

Further, the weight ratio of the mixture of the livestock and poultry manure and the straws, the humic acid and the bacillus subtilis is 1: 0.2: 0.001.

further, the weight ratio of the livestock manure to the straws in the mixture of the livestock manure and the straws is 5: 1.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, the preparation method of the bio-organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: crushing a mixture of livestock and poultry manure and straws, mixing the crushed mixture with humic acid and bacillus subtilis, conveying the mixture into a fermentation workshop, and adding water for mixing to prepare compost with the water content of 55-65%;

step two: carrying out turning, stirring, aeration and material moving on the compost in the same direction by using a self-propelled turning machine, and regularly turning over every day to uniformly mix the raw materials in the compost;

step three: performing high-temperature fermentation on the uniformly mixed compost, and then performing medium-temperature fermentation to obtain a fermentation semi-finished product;

step four: conveying the fermented semi-finished product to a feeding port by using a bucket truck, and conveying the fermented semi-finished product to a proportioning bin after crushing and screening; the screened agglomerated materials are circulated in a crushing-screening system until the agglomerated materials are qualified, and sundries which cannot be crushed are manually picked off on a material returning belt conveyor;

step five: and step four, crushing and screening to obtain a qualified semi-finished fermented material, and then crushing, granulating, drying, cooling, screening and packaging to obtain the bio-organic fertilizer.

Further, in the second step, continuously spraying a bacillus subtilis diluent into the compost in the overturning process.

Further, the mass concentration of the bacillus subtilis diluent is 1%.

Further, in the third step, the temperature of the high-temperature fermentation is 50 ℃, and the time is 10-20 days.

Further, in the third step, oxygen is introduced in the high-temperature fermentation process to promote fermentation.

Further, in the third step, the temperature of the medium-temperature fermentation is 35 ℃ and the time is 7 days.

The invention has the following advantages:

the biological organic fertilizer is prepared by fermenting the mixture of livestock and poultry manure and straw serving as main raw materials together with humic acid and bacillus subtilis, and effectively realizes waste recycling. The biological organic fertilizer can provide comprehensive nutrition for plants, has long fertilizer efficiency, can increase and update soil organic matters, improves microbial propagation, improves soil activity and enhances nutrient sources required by green soil.

The biological organic fertilizer can be sufficiently applied at one time as a base fertilizer and can also be applied in multiple times according to actual conditions; can be mixed with chemical fertilizer for use, and can improve the fertilizer efficiency of the chemical fertilizer; is rich in active microorganisms, is prepared by high-temperature fermentation, is completely decomposed, does not burn roots, and does not rot seedlings; can improve the microbial population of the root base of the crops and improve the disease and pest prevention capability of the plants; beneficial bacteria are added, and the occurrence of diseases is reduced due to the occupation effect of flora; can improve soil fertility, promote the utilization of chemical fertilizers and improve the utilization rate of the chemical fertilizers.

The preparation method of the biological organic fertilizer is simple and is suitable for wide popularization.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below. It should be apparent that the drawings in the following description are merely exemplary, and that other embodiments can be derived from the drawings provided by those of ordinary skill in the art without inventive effort.

The structures, ratios, sizes, and the like shown in the present specification are only used for matching with the contents disclosed in the specification, so that those skilled in the art can understand and read the present invention, and do not limit the conditions for implementing the present invention, so that the present invention has no technical significance, and any structural modifications, changes in the ratio relationship, or adjustments of the sizes, without affecting the functions and purposes of the present invention, should still fall within the scope of the present invention.

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a composting fermentation process provided in example 3 of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The present invention is described in terms of particular embodiments, other advantages and features of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following disclosure, and it is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention and that it is not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1

The bio-organic fertilizer is prepared from a mixture of livestock and poultry manure and straw, humic acid, bacillus subtilis and water, wherein the weight ratio of the mixture of the livestock and poultry manure and the straw to the humic acid to the bacillus subtilis is 1: 0.1: 0.0005.

the weight ratio of the livestock manure to the straws in the mixture of the livestock manure and the straws is 5: 1.

The preparation method of the biological organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: crushing a mixture of livestock and poultry manure and straws, mixing the crushed mixture with humic acid and bacillus subtilis, conveying the mixture into a fermentation workshop, and adding water for mixing to obtain compost with the water content of 60% and the C/N of 25;

step three: fermenting the uniformly mixed compost at 50 ℃ for 10-20 days at high temperature, and then fermenting at 35 ℃ for 7 days at medium temperature to obtain a fermented semi-finished product; and introducing oxygen in the high-temperature fermentation process to promote fermentation.

step five: and step four, crushing and screening to obtain a qualified semi-finished fermented material, and then crushing, granulating, drying, cooling, screening and packaging to obtain the bio-organic fertilizer. In the granulation process, a special granulator for the bio-organic fertilizer is connected with a disc granulator in series, so that the granulation effect is enhanced when the bio-organic fertilizer is produced for granulation, and the quality and the yield of products are improved; secondly, the production capacity of the production line can be enlarged, and a disc granulator can be used for producing common compound fertilizer. And (4) after granulation, feeding the mixture into a drying and cooling system. Drying and cooling system: the bio-organic fertilizer has large initial moisture and long drying time, and is dried at low temperature (80 ℃) by adopting a mode of connecting two stages of dryers in series so as to ensure the drying quality. The drier adopts a concurrent flow drying mode, the flue gas generated by the hot blast stove and the wet material flow from the head of the drying cylinder to the tail of the drying cylinder in a concurrent flow mode, and the wet material and the dry hot flue gas exchange moisture and heat to be dried. The cooling adopts the mode of countercurrent flow, and cold air gets into from the cooling barrel tail, and the material gets into from the section of thick bamboo head to guarantee the cooling quality of material. Screening and finished product packaging system: feeding the cooled material into a grading sieve by using a lifter, and feeding unqualified fine powder into a belt conveyor below the grading sieve; and (4) feeding the large-particle materials into a grinder after a grading sieve, grinding the large-particle materials, then sliding the large-particle materials into a belt conveyor, and feeding the large-particle materials and the fine powder materials into a stirrer. Qualified materials enter a finished product belt conveyor, are conveyed to a finished product bin, are measured by a computer scale, and are packed in the bin by sewing.

Example 2

The bio-organic fertilizer is prepared from a mixture of livestock and poultry manure and straw, humic acid, bacillus subtilis and water, wherein the weight ratio of the mixture of the livestock and poultry manure and the straw to the humic acid to the bacillus subtilis is 1: 0.3: 0.0015.

The preparation method of the biological organic fertilizer is the same as that of the embodiment 1.

Example 3

The bio-organic fertilizer is prepared from a mixture of livestock and poultry manure and straw, humic acid, bacillus subtilis and water, wherein the weight ratio of the mixture of the livestock and poultry manure and the straw to the humic acid to the bacillus subtilis is 1: 0.2: 0.001.

the method comprises the following steps: crushing a mixture of livestock and poultry manure and straws, mixing the crushed mixture with humic acid and part of bacillus subtilis, conveying the mixture into a fermentation workshop, and adding water for mixing to obtain compost with the water content of 60% and the C/N of 25; and diluting the rest part of the bacillus subtilis with water to obtain bacillus subtilis diluent with the mass concentration of 1%.

Step two: carrying out turning, stirring, aeration and material moving on the compost in the same direction by using a self-propelled turning machine, and regularly turning over every day to uniformly mix the raw materials in the compost; continuously spraying bacillus subtilis diluent into the compost in the overturning process.

Step three: fermenting the uniformly mixed compost at 50 ℃ for 10-20 days at high temperature, and then fermenting at 35 ℃ for 7 days at medium temperature to obtain a fermented semi-finished product; and introducing oxygen in the high-temperature fermentation process to promote fermentation. The flow chart of the composting fermentation process is shown in figure 1.

Step four: conveying the fermented semi-finished product to a feeding port by using a bucket truck, and conveying the fermented semi-finished product to a proportioning bin after crushing and screening; the screened agglomerated materials are circulated in a crushing-screening system until the agglomerated materials are qualified, and the sundries which cannot be crushed are manually picked off on a material returning belt conveyor.

The technical indexes of the biological organic fertilizer are as follows: the effective viable count (clu) is more than or equal to 0.20 hundred million/gram, organic matter (calculated on a dry basis) is more than or equal to 40.0 percent, water is less than or equal to 30.0 percent, pH is 5.6-8.5, coliform group count is less than or equal to 100, ascarid egg death rate is more than or equal to 90 percent, total KunAs is calculated on a dry basis, total chromium Cd is less than or equal to 3, total lead is less than or equal to 50, total chromium Cr is less than or equal to 150, total mercury Hg is less than or equal to 2, and the effective period is more than or equal to 6 months.

Examples of the experiments

Through field fertilizer efficiency comparison tests, the application effect of the bio-organic fertilizer on cotton in Xinjiang Kashi areas is verified.

1. Test materials

1.1, test execution time and place: 3-10 months in 2020, site: in Kashi area Yuepu lake county A He Ke Xiang A Li Bu.

1.2 test crops and varieties: cotton, medium cotton 35.

1.3 test fertilizers: the bio-organic fertilizer of embodiment 3 of the invention.

1.4 basic conditions of the test: the data of soil assay before test show: the organic matter of the soil is 12.5g/kg, the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen is 53mg/kg, the organic phosphorus is 13.3mg/kg, and the quick-acting potassium is 177 mg/kg.

1.5 design of the test

(1) And (3) test treatment: the test was set at A, B, C, D for a total of four treatments,

and (3) treatment A: the biological organic fertilizer and the conventional decrement fertilization treatment

And (B) treatment: matrix + conventional decrement fertilization treatment

And C, treatment: conventional control

And D, processing: blank control.

Adopting a random block design, repeating for three times, and totally 12 cells: each cell area is 50m². Protective rows are arranged around the whole test field:

(2) fertilizer dosage and application method

And (3) treatment A: base fertilizer: diammonium phosphate 20 kg/mu, potassium sulfate 15 kg/mu, and the fertilizer is applied when the soil is turned over at the bottom of 3 months. Topdressing: applying 60 kg of the biological organic fertilizer to be tested per mu as additional fertilizer, and applying in furrow before the first water; 20 kg of urea is applied to each mu of land as additional fertilizer, and is respectively applied with water 3 times in the initial flowering stage (5 kg/mu), the flowering period (10 kg/mu) and the syringing period (5 kg/mu).

And (B) treatment: diammonium phosphate 20 kg/mu, potassium sulfate 15 kg/mu, and the fertilizer is applied when the soil is turned over at the bottom of 3 months. Topdressing: applying 60 kg of the matrix per mu as a topdressing in a furrow before the head water; 20 kg of urea is applied to each mu of land as additional fertilizer, and is respectively applied with water 3 times in the initial flowering stage (5 kg/mu), the flowering period (10 kg/mu) and the syringing period (5 kg/mu).

And C, treatment: base fertilizer: diammonium phosphate 20 kg/mu, potassium sulfate 15 kg/mu, and the fertilizer is applied when the soil is turned over at the bottom of 3 months. Topdressing: 40 kg/mu of urea is applied with water in 3 times respectively in the initial flowering stage (10 kg/mu), the flowering period (20 kg/mu) and the syringing period (10 kg/mu).

And D, processing: no fertilizer was applied (blank control).

1.6, field management:

weeding in fields by 100 ml/mu of fluroxypyr at the bottom of 3 months; sowing the seeds 1 day after 4 months, and germinating the seedlings 15 days after 4 months, wherein the seedling keeping density is 13000 plants/mu. Irrigating for 6 times in the whole growth period, the irrigation quantity is 400m²And 2 times of intertillage and 1 time of pest control are carried out per mu. Control for 2 times. The first harvest is carried out in each treatment cell in 9 months and 18 days, field production measurement, sampling and indoor seed test are carried out by colleagues, and the second harvest is carried out in 10 months and 14 days.

2. Results and analysis

2.1 Effect of different treatments on Cotton fertility traits

TABLE 1 Cotton biological traits

Treatment of	Mu plant number (plant)	Single plant knot bell number	Single bell weight (gram)	Yield (kilogram/mu)
					Treatment A	13000	5.7	5.25	396.3
Treatment B	13000	5.6	5.17	373.2
					Treatment C	13000	5.6	5.10	371.3
Process D	13000	4.7	4.75	290.8

The method for investigating the test results comprises continuously taking 15 cotton plants at fixed points in each cell for investigation. Through the main data of field observation records and indoor weighing, the number of bolls of each treatment single plant can be found as follows: treatment a > treatment B ═ treatment C > treatment D, 5.7, 5.6, 4.7 respectively; single bell weight (grams): treatment A > treatment B > treatment C > treatment D, 5.25, 5.17, 5.10, 4.75 respectively.

2.2 Effect of different treatments on Cotton yield

TABLE 2 Cotton yield results table

As can be seen from the measured yield data, the average yield per mu of the treatment A is 396.3kg, and the yield is increased by 23.1kg and the amplification is 6.2 percent compared with the treatment B; compared with the treatment C, the yield is increased by 25.0kg, and the amplification reaches 6.7%; compared with treatment D, the yield is increased by 105.5kg, and the amplification reaches 36.3%.

TABLE 3 analysis of variance

Source of variation	Sum of squares	Degree of freedom	Mean square	F value	F0.05	F0.01
							Between blocks	1.22	2	0.61	2.11	5.14	10.92
Treatment room	107.77	3	35.92	123.87	4.76	9.78
							Error of the measurement	1.74	6	0.29		-	-
Total variation	110.73	11			-	-

(Note: analysis of variance was calculated using DPS data processing System software)

Table 4 multiple comparisons:

(Note: Duncan multiple comparisons were calculated using DPS data processing System software)

The results of various comparisons of the yields show that significant levels are achieved between treatment a and treatment B, and between treatment C and treatment D; the differences between the blocks were not significant.

2.3 evaluation of Fertilizer efficiency

TABLE 5 economic benefits analysis List

The cost is the same except for the fertilizer cost. The yield per mu of the treatment A is 2853.4 yuan, and 166.3 yuan, 110.0 yuan and 483.6 yuan are respectively increased compared with the treatment B, the treatment C and the treatment D.

3. Conclusion

3.1, the treatment A has certain improvement effect on the yield biological characters of cotton, and the investigation data analysis shows that the yield and the weight of each plant can be increased.

3.2, the biological organic fertilizer has better effects of increasing both production and income. From the analysis of yield data, the average yield per mu of the treatment A is 396.3kg, and the yield is increased by 23.1kg and the amplification is 6.2% compared with the treatment B; compared with the treatment C, the yield is increased by 25.0kg, and the amplification reaches 6.7%; compared with treatment D, the yield is increased by 105.5kg, and the amplification reaches 36.3%. The yield per mu of the treatment A is 2853.4 yuan, and 166.3 yuan, 110.0 yuan and 483.6 yuan are respectively increased compared with the treatment B, the treatment C and the treatment D.

Although the invention has been described in detail above with reference to a general description and specific examples, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.

Claims

1. The biological organic fertilizer is characterized by being prepared from a mixture of livestock and poultry manure and straws, humic acid, bacillus subtilis and water, wherein the weight ratio of the mixture of the livestock and poultry manure and the straws to the humic acid to the bacillus subtilis is 1: (0.1-0.3): (0.0005-0.0015).

2. The bio-organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of the mixture of the livestock manure and the straw, the humic acid and the bacillus subtilis is 1: 0.2: 0.001.

3. the bio-organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of the livestock manure to the straw in the mixture of the livestock manure and the straw is 5: 1.

4. A method for preparing a bio-organic fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

5. The method for preparing the bio-organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 4, wherein in the second step, the bacillus subtilis diluent is continuously sprayed into the compost during the overturning process.

6. The method for preparing the bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 5, wherein the mass concentration of the bacillus subtilis diluent is 1%.

7. The method for preparing the bio-organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 4, wherein in the third step, the temperature of the high-temperature fermentation is 50 ℃ and the time is 10-20 days.

8. The method for preparing the bio-organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 4, wherein in the third step, oxygen is introduced during the high temperature fermentation process to promote the fermentation.

9. The method for preparing the bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 4, wherein in the third step, the temperature of the mesophilic fermentation is 35 ℃ and the time is 7 days.