CN103922853B - A kind of slow-release compound fertilizer for rice mechanical transplanting - Google Patents
A kind of slow-release compound fertilizer for rice mechanical transplanting Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to technical field of fertilizer production, disclose a kind of slow-release compound fertilizer for rice mechanical transplanting, the coated slow-release component of described slow-release compound fertilizer comprises resin dressing composite fertilizer, resin dressing diamines, resin dressing Repone K, 2 months resin-bonded grinding wheel, 3 months resin-bonded grinding wheel; The mass parts of described each coated slow-release component is as follows: resin dressing composite fertilizer 45 ~ 55 parts, resin dressing diamines 4 ~ 10 parts, 12 ~ 20 parts, resin dressing Repone K, 2 months resin-bonded grinding wheel 10 ~ 16 parts, 3 months resin-bonded grinding wheel 10 ~ 16 parts.Slow-release compound fertilizer of the present invention only needs single-dose application, extends time for fertilizer, achieves nutrients release and absorbs synchronous with crop alimentary, make the release of fertilizer nutrient and late growth stage of rice nutritional needs substantially identical.Be convenient to mechanized operation, greatly save artificial.Compared with repeatedly applying fertilizer on a small quantity with routine, Chemical Mixed Fertilizer volume increase about 7.36% of the present invention, utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer improves 33.6%.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of fertilizer production, be specifically related to a kind of slow-release compound fertilizer for rice mechanical transplanting.
Background technology
China is Rice Production big country, and require and grain high yield target based on national food security, in Rice Production, applying quantity of chemical fertilizer constantly increases.Current China Rice Production fertilizer is still based on urea, carbon ammonium, calcium superphosphate or the straight fertilizer such as fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, Repone K.This type of fertilizer especially nitrogenous fertilizer dissolution rate is fast, and fertilizer efficiency is short, and fertilizer loss is serious, and cause utilization rate of fertilizer on the low side, environmental pollution is serious.And this kind of fertilizer needs repeatedly to apply fertilizer and could meet the demand in the target crop time of infertility.Along with the development of Mechanization Level and rising steadily of the price of labour power, need the common straight fertilizer repeatedly applied fertilizer can not meet the demand of agricultural development.Rice mechanized transplant improves constantly in recent years, but in Rice Production, fertilising is main or manually repeatedly to apply fertilizer on a small quantity, time-consumingly takes a lot of work, and be unfavorable for mechanized operation, therefore urgent need seeks a kind of disposable employed fertilizer of applicable rice mechanical transplanting.
One of top priority of current fertilizer industry improves utilization rate of fertilizer, especially utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer.Slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer technology is one of major measure improving utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer, is also the Main way of current chemical fertilizer development.The research of China's slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer is started in the seventies in last century, and last century, slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer obtained very fast development in China so far, and started to be applied to agriculture production.The nutrient supply of slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer depends on the thickness of coating and the temperature humidity of soil.General membrane wrapping thickness is larger, and fertilizer speed is less; The soil moisture is higher, and fertilizer speed is faster.In membrane wrapping thickness one timing, nutrient releasing speed and temperature are proportionate.Therefore the fertilizer speed of coated fertilizer can by controlling the thickness manual control of coating.But single a kind of slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer is under certain edaphic condition, although can extend fertilizer efficiency, fertilizer quantity, speed are asynchronous with crop demand, can not meet the demand of crop growth different times to fertilizer.
The Chinese patent application file of publication number CN103396243A (application number 201310344054.5) discloses disposable employed controlled release fertilizer special for cotton of a kind of whole process and preparation method thereof and application, make use of coated fertilizer and granulated boric fertilizer, zinc fertilizer carries out composite obtained, fertilizer nutrient is synchronous with cotton nutrient absorption law for time of releasing, fertilizer directly burrows and imposes on bottom seedling trophosome in time transplanting, omnidistance single fertilization, utilization rate of fertilizer is high.But this fertilizer belongs to fertilizer special for cotton, Rice Cropping density much larger than cotton, transplant mostly be mechanize, and transplant time face, field have water layer, this planting site burrow fertilising method be not suitable for rice mechanization operate.The Chinese patent application file of publication number CN102351602A (application number 201110200693.5) discloses four homochronousness nutritious fertilizers and its preparation method and application, apply resin-bonded grinding wheel, resin dressing Repone K, urea, diamines, Repone K, potassium sulfate, composite fertilizer and some trace elements to be prepared from for raw material, achieve fertilizer nutrient release and crop alimentary demand basic synchronization, reach minimizing fertilizer application frequency, save artificial object.But this fertilizer formula composition is also main based on water soluble quick-acting fertilizer, and it is less that coated slow release fertilizer accounts for fertilizer components ratio, is unfavorable for the supply of Later Stage of Rice fertilizer, inconvenient rice mechanization fertilizing operation simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
The existing slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer that the object of the invention is to exist for prior art is in fertilizer quantity, speed is asynchronous with crop demand, the demand of crop growth different times to fertilizer can not be met, and the problem such as inconvenient rice mechanization fertilizing operation, according to the demand of rice growth different times to fertilizer, there is provided a kind of by resin dressing composite fertilizer, resin dressing diamines, resin dressing Repone K and the resin-bonded grinding wheel of different release rate carry out the slow-release compound fertilizer of composite obtained applicable rice mechanical transplanting, the nutrients release of fertilizer is synchronous with late growth stage of rice nutrient absorption law, fertilising is synchronously carried out with transplanting, fertilizer to be directly manured into soil 3 ~ 5cm place with rice shoot, to rice shoot fanout free region, only impose primary tillering fertilizer, later stage is without the need to topdressing, utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer is high, save labor.
Object of the present invention is implemented by the following technical programs:
For a slow-release compound fertilizer for rice mechanical transplanting, the coated slow-release component of described slow-release compound fertilizer comprises resin dressing composite fertilizer, resin dressing diamines, resin dressing Repone K, 2 months resin-bonded grinding wheel, 3 months resin-bonded grinding wheel; The mass parts of described each coated slow-release component is as follows:
Preferably, the described slow-release compound fertilizer for rice mechanical transplanting comprises the coated slow-release component of following mass parts:
Preferred further, the described slow-release compound fertilizer for rice mechanical transplanting comprises the coated slow-release component of following mass parts:
Each coated slow-release component of the present invention is commercially available prod, represents nutrient content in coated slow-release component core core fertilizer in the mass percent of N, P, K (with nitrogen, Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES, potassium oxide).
In described resin dressing composite fertilizer, nitrogen mass percent is 13 ~ 16%, phosphorus mass percent is 13 ~ 16%, potassium mass percent is 13 ~ 16%.
In described resin dressing diamines, nitrogen mass percent is 15 ~ 18%, phosphorus mass percent is 40 ~ 50%.
In described resin dressing Repone K, potassium mass percent is 54 ~ 60%.
The release and release control fertilizer that described 2 months resin-bonded grinding wheel are nitrogen mass percent 42 ~ 46%, nutrient supply phase or fertilizer efficiency period are 50 ~ 60 days; The release and release control fertilizer that described 3 months resin-bonded grinding wheel are nitrogen mass percent 42 ~ 46%, nutrient supply phase or fertilizer efficiency period are 80 ~ 90 days.
The nutrients ratio of described slow-release compound fertilizer is 1: 0.4 ~ 0.7: 0.6 ~ 1.2 (refer to N: P
2o
5: K
2the mass ratio of O), fertilizer nutrient release is synchronous with late growth stage of rice nutrient absorption law.
The preparation method of the slow-release compound fertilizer for rice mechanical transplanting of the present invention above-mentioned each coated slow-release component fully to be stirred according to formula and mix to obtain.
The application of slow-release compound fertilizer in rice mechanical transplanting fertilising for rice mechanical transplanting of the present invention, fertilizing method is as follows: the rate of fertilizer application of slow-release compound fertilizer is in amount of nitrogen; Apply fertilizer and synchronously to carry out with rice transplanting, slow-release compound fertilizer to be directly manured into soil 3 ~ 5cm place with rice shoot, and to rice shoot fanout free region, only impose primary tillering fertilizer, the later stage is without the need to topdressing.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is as follows:
(1), existing Rice Production is mainly fertile based on water soluble quick-acting, slow-release fertilizer application is also mainly limited to and extends time for fertilizer, and do not consider the problem that nutrients release is synchronous with crop alimentary absorbing rule, slow-release compound fertilizer of the present invention has not only accomplished prolongation time for fertilizer, and it is synchronous with late growth stage of rice dietetic alimentation to achieve nutrients release, accomplished the release of fertilizer nutrient and late growth stage of rice nutritional needs substantially identical.
(2), mechanized operation, reduce fertilizer application frequency, greatly save artificial.In being manured into soil with machinery is disposable when Chemical Mixed Fertilizer of the present invention is rice transplanting, apply fertilizer synchronous with transplanting, fertilizer efficiency is long, single-dose application can meet the demand of late growth stage of rice to nutrition, only need impose primary tillering fertilizer, decrease 2-3 fertilizer application frequency, greatly saved fertilising cost of labor, improve economic benefit.
(3), present invention dramatically increases rice yield, improve utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer.Compared with repeatedly applying fertilizer on a small quantity with routine, slow-release compound fertilizer of the present invention is than conventional fertilizer application technology volume increase 7.36%, and utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer improves 33.6%.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 Nitrogen in Rice absorption curve and the present invention are used for the slow-release compound fertilizer Nitrogen releasing curve of rice mechanical transplanting.
Embodiment
Below by way of embodiment, technical solution of the present invention is described further.
The applicant carries out field experiment on Huanghai Sea farm with slow-release compound fertilizer of the present invention in 2013, manually repeatedly uses as reference examples with conventional water soluble quick-acting fertilizer.
1, kind is tested: river in Zhejiang Province excellent 2650
2, fertilizer applications:
Embodiment: in slow-release compound fertilizer, the mass parts of each coated slow-release component is as follows:
Numerical value above in each component bracket is the common mark of fertilizer center core fertilizer nutrient content, and namely the mass percent of N, P, K is (with N, P
2o
5, K
2o counts); Above 2 months, 3 months resin-bonded grinding wheel refer to that nutrient supply phase or fertilizer efficiency period are respectively the release and release control fertilizer of 50 ~ 60 days, 80 ~ 90 days.
The nutrients ratio of the present embodiment slow-release compound fertilizer is (refer to N: P at 1: 0.5: 0.8
2o
5: K
2the mass ratio of O), rate of fertilizer application in amount of nitrogen, total amount of nitrogen 15kg/ mu.Fertilization mode is: make base manure application well pass PZP-80 pot seedling transplanting machine with slow-release compound fertilizer and transplant synchronous every mu of disposable 12kg nitrogen that applies in soil 3 ~ 5cm place with rice seedling, to transplant after one week every mu and manually impose 3kg nitrogen, i.e. every mu of 6.5 kilograms of urea (in urea nitrogen mass percent 46%, there is sale in northern Suzhou fertilizer company limited).
Reference examples: rice seedling is transplanted and made base manure with composite fertilizer the day before yesterday and manually apply; within one week, do tillering fertilizer with urea after transplanting manually to apply; again in 4 leaves, 2 leaf phases manually impose urea respectively as short fertilizers for potted flowers, guarantor's fertilizers for potted flowers; the ratio base manure of four fertilising amount of nitrogens: tillering fertilizer: short fertilizers for potted flowers: protect fertilizers for potted flowers=3: 1.5: 2: 1, total amount of nitrogen is 15kg/ mu.Reference examples is all manually spread fertilizer over the fields, and imposes on soil surface.
Composite fertilizer, urea are commercially available prod, are conventional water soluble quick-acting fertilizer.Composite fertilizer's nutrient content N: P
2o
5: K
2o=15: 15: 15, total nutrient>=45%, there is sale in Jiangsu Hengfeng chemical fertilizer Group Co., Ltd; Nitrogen mass percent 46% in urea, there is sale in northern Suzhou fertilizer company limited.
While embodiment and reference examples are set, the space management of not fertilise is set.
3, test-results measures: get 5 points at random in the ripening stage, seedling is looked in continuous 20 caves of each point, record number of productive ear, repeat, calculate full field number of productive ear for 3 times, calculate average every cave number of productive ear, get 3 caves by average every cave number of productive ear to merge as a sample, embodiment and reference examples respectively get 3 increments, and species test measures the grain number per spike of every increment product, setting percentage, thousand seed weight, calculate output.
Biomass estimation: reference examples and embodiment respectively get 3 strains as a sample, repeats, is separated in fringe portion and stem stalk for 3 times, at 105 DEG C of 30min that complete, then dries to constant weight at 70 DEG C, weighs, obtain fringe portion dry matter and the total dry matter of cauline leaf.
N content of crop tissue measures: pulverized respectively by the sample of each process after oven dry, Kjeldahl nitrogen determination, obtains fringe portion nitrogen content and cauline leaf total nitrogen content.
Calculation formula: output=number of productive ear × grain number per spike × setting percentage × thousand seed weight
The total dry matter of amount of nitrogen sucking=cauline leaf total nitrogen content × cauline leaf+fringe portion nitrogen content × fringe portion dry matter
Nitrogen absorption and utilization rate RE (%)=(Shi Dan district amount of nitrogen sucking-clear area amount of nitrogen)/amount of nitrogen × 100%
Test-results is shown in Table 1.
Table 1 slow-release compound fertilizer is on the impact of rice yield and nitrogen absorption and utilization rate
Investigate slow-release compound fertilizer nitrogen release rate and Nitrogen in Rice absorption (see Fig. 1).
Slow-release compound fertilizer Nitrogen releasing curve is obtained by experimental determination, concrete grammar is: take controlled release coated carbamide and be about 10g (being accurate to 0.01g), put into little mesh bag, sealed, be placed in 250mL vial, injected 200mL water, cultivate in the incubator of 25 DEG C after sealing, sample time is 3d, 7d, 14d, 21d, 28d, 42d, 52d, 68d, 82d, 89d, 96d, 103d, measures total nitrogen content, calculates Nitrogen Accumulation release rate.
Nitrogen in Rice absorption curve is obtained by field sampling and measuring, concrete grammar: after transplanting 0,10d, 20d, 30d, 40d, 50d, 87d get plant sample and measure absorbing nitrogen amount, calculates each period Nitrogen Absorption and accounts for the per-cent of integral dose.
Comprehensive the above results shows, transplant and impose primary tillering fertilizer after 7 days, supply paddy rice to tiller absorption to nitrogen nutrient occurs early stage, and slow-release compound fertilizer nitrogen starts a large amount of release in 40 to 80 days after applying, the lucky demand that can meet to nitrogen after rice plant of tillering stage, reduces later stage ear manuer and to topdress number of times.Compared with repeatedly applying fertilizer on a small quantity with reference examples is conventional, disposable employed slow-release compound fertilizer, the nutritional needs of the late growth stage of rice that can coincide well, realize synchronous nutrient, paddy rice has higher output and amount of nitrogen sucking, and has higher nitrogen absorption and utilization rate.Compared with reference examples conventional fertilizer application technology, use the increasing production of rice 7.36% of slow-release compound fertilizer, utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer improves 33.6%.Illustrate that slow-release compound fertilizer not only simplify conventional fertilizer application technology, greatly saved the labor force of fertilization of rice, and can also rice high yield have been ensured, effectively improved utilization rate of fertilizer, decreased the waste of fertilizer, reduced the risk of environmental pollution.
Claims (4)
1., for a slow-release compound fertilizer for rice mechanical transplanting, it is characterized in that the coated slow-release component of described slow-release compound fertilizer is made up of resin dressing composite fertilizer, resin dressing diamines, resin dressing Repone K, 2 months resin-bonded grinding wheel, 3 months resin-bonded grinding wheel; The mass parts of described each coated slow-release component is as follows:
In described resin dressing composite fertilizer, nitrogen mass percent is 13 ~ 16%, phosphorus mass percent is 13 ~ 16%, potassium mass percent is 13 ~ 16%;
In described resin dressing diamines, nitrogen mass percent is 15 ~ 18%, phosphorus mass percent is 40 ~ 50%;
In described resin dressing Repone K, potassium mass percent is 54 ~ 60%;
The release and release control fertilizer that described 2 months resin-bonded grinding wheel are nitrogen mass percent 42 ~ 46%, nutrient supply phase or fertilizer efficiency period are 50 ~ 60 days;
The release and release control fertilizer that described 3 months resin-bonded grinding wheel are nitrogen mass percent 42 ~ 46%, nutrient supply phase or fertilizer efficiency period are 80 ~ 90 days.
2. the slow-release compound fertilizer for rice mechanical transplanting according to claim 1, is characterized in that the described slow-release compound fertilizer for rice mechanical transplanting is made up of the coated slow-release component of following mass parts:
3. the application of slow-release compound fertilizer in rice mechanical transplanting fertilising for rice mechanical transplanting according to claim 1.
4. the application of the slow-release compound fertilizer for rice mechanical transplanting according to claim 3 in rice mechanical transplanting fertilising, is characterized in that fertilizing method is: apply fertilizer and synchronously to carry out with rice transplanting, and slow-release compound fertilizer to be manured into soil 3 ~ 5cm place with rice shoot.
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CN106699338A (en) * | 2016-11-21 | 2017-05-24 | 上海永通化工有限公司 | Special slow-release bulk blending fertilizer for wheat and preparation method of fertilizer |
CN108440054A (en) * | 2018-04-18 | 2018-08-24 | 安徽省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | A kind of fertilizer and preparation method thereof suitable for rice single fertilization |
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