CN115024188B - Preparation method of nitrogen slow-release type straw seedling raising substrate tray - Google Patents
Preparation method of nitrogen slow-release type straw seedling raising substrate tray Download PDFInfo
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- CN115024188B CN115024188B CN202210073254.0A CN202210073254A CN115024188B CN 115024188 B CN115024188 B CN 115024188B CN 202210073254 A CN202210073254 A CN 202210073254A CN 115024188 B CN115024188 B CN 115024188B
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 132
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 229920001807 Urea-formaldehyde Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- ODGAOXROABLFNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N polynoxylin Chemical compound O=C.NC(N)=O ODGAOXROABLFNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000010564 aerobic fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000004537 pulping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- CKUAXEQHGKSLHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[N] Chemical compound [C].[N] CKUAXEQHGKSLHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007259 addition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims 1
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 abstract description 16
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000000967 suction filtration Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 4
- -1 ammonium ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 240000008467 Oryza sativa Japonica Group Species 0.000 description 2
- 108010009736 Protein Hydrolysates Proteins 0.000 description 2
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- DSKJXGYAJJHDOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylideneurea Chemical compound NC(=O)N=C DSKJXGYAJJHDOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003531 protein hydrolysate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000005696 Diammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000299452 Gouania lupuloides Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000000292 Gouania lupuloides Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920002488 Hemicellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010020346 Polyglutamic Acid Proteins 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001116459 Sequoia Species 0.000 description 1
- BMRKQFGAHRNZCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].C=O.NC(=O)N Chemical compound [N].C=O.NC(=O)N BMRKQFGAHRNZCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000004071 biological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006237 degradable polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001002 functional polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008204 material by function Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000014075 nitrogen utilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015816 nutrient absorption Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000001477 organic nitrogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920002643 polyglutamic acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008653 root damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/30—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C3/00—Fertilisers containing other salts of ammonia or ammonia itself, e.g. gas liquor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
- C05C9/02—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds containing urea-formaldehyde condensates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method of a nitrogen slow-release straw seedling raising substrate tray, which comprises the following specific steps: preparing liquid urea formaldehyde with a short nitrogen slow release period by taking urea and formaldehyde as raw materials, then carrying out short-term high-temperature aerobic fermentation on straw particles to obtain straw fibers, mixing the straw fibers with the liquid urea formaldehyde, adding water for pulping, and carrying out suction filtration molding to obtain the nitrogen slow release straw seedling raising substrate tray; the method improves the nitrogen release rate of the liquid urea formaldehyde, shortens the nitrogen release period from >6 months to <1 month, is matched with the nutrition demand curve of rice seedlings, not only avoids the salt damage effect of quick release of nutrients to rice seeds in the early stage of seedling raising, but also can meet a great amount of demands of the seedlings on nitrogen in the middle and later stages of growth, does not need additional fertilizer in the whole rice seedling raising process, reduces the seedling raising cost, and is easy to popularize and apply.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a novel straw seedling raising matrix tray suitable for mechanical transplanting, in particular to a preparation method of a straw seedling raising matrix tray with a nitrogen slow-release effect, which belongs to the field of rice seedling raising in agriculture.
Background
Advanced rice planting modes and technologies have important significance for guaranteeing national grain safety. The rice dry seedling raising and transplanting technology has been used for more than 30 years in China, and the seedling raising mode generally adopts a plastic seedling tray to fill farmland surface soil or scattered matrixes for raising seedlings, thus being labor-consuming and time-consuming and easily causing serious white pollution.
Reasonable management of nitrogen is a key measure for improving the seedling strengthening index in the rice seedling raising process. Researches show that the nitrogen application amount in the seedling raising process is 15-20 g/m 2 When the seedling is used, the number of white roots, rooting force and root activity of the seedling are all optimal. The nitrogen content of the straw seedling raising substrate tray is about 15g/m through measurement 2 . However, as most of nitrogen contained in the straw is organic nitrogen, quick-acting nitrogen released by the molded substrate tray in the seedling raising process cannot meet the requirements of seedlings, and as the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the straw is high, the competition of microorganisms and seedlings to nitrogen in the seedling raising process is easy to occur, so that the growth of seedlings is influenced. Therefore, an exogenous quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer is needed to be added in the preparation process of the straw seedling raising substrate tray so as to provide nitrogen required by seedlings. Because the nutrients required by the seedlings from emergence to leaf and core are provided by decomposition of endosperm in the rice, the root system is not completely established and the nutrient absorption capacity is weak. However, quick-acting nitrogenous fertilizers added in the existing straw matrix trays are easy to release a large amount of quick-acting nitrogenous fertilizers after sowing and watering, so that local salt damage is caused, and the emergence of rice seeds is affected. In addition, nitrogen can be lost to the environment through ammonia volatilization, nitrogen nitrification and denitrification, nitrate leaching and other ways, so that the nitrogen utilization rate is reduced. At present, most farmers apply nitrogenous fertilizer such as urea in the middle and later stages of seedling raising to meet the requirement of seedling growth, but fertilizer damage such as root injury of burnt seedlings caused by improper operation is easy to occur due to the sensitivity of seedlings to nutrients, and labor and time are wasted.
The slow-release nitrogen fertilizer is added in the preparation process of the straw seedling raising substrate tray to prepare the straw seedling raising substrate tray with nitrogen slow-release performance, so that the release rule of the nitrogen contained in the straw seedling raising substrate tray is consistent with the requirement rule of the nitrogen in the seedling raising substrate tray, and the problem can be effectively solved. The applicant has developed a preparation method (CN 201910978528.9) of a full-nutrition degradable straw seedling raising matrix block in the early stage, and the method is characterized in that a slow-release nutrient conditioner (compound fertilizer, urea formaldehyde slow-release fertilizer, potassium fulvate, polyglutamic acid and diammonium phosphate powder) and a functional polymer degradable polymer containing nanoscale functional materials are added to prepare the straw seedling raising matrix block with a nutrient slow-release effect, but the method has higher production cost due to more required added materials, so that the large-area popularization and application of the straw seedling raising matrix block are not facilitated. The slow release fertilizer for urea formaldehyde is mainly set for meeting the nutrients required by crops in the whole growth period, and has low nutrient release rate and long slow release period (more than 60 d), and researches (Qu Ping, chang Zhizhou, zhao Yongfu, huang Gongying. The structure and nitrogen release characteristics of the slow release fertilizer for urea formaldehyde modified by protein hydrolysate are researched, agricultural engineering report, 2016,32 (21): 240-245) show that the nitrogen release rate of conventional urea formaldehyde in 3 weeks is only 10%, and the nutrient release rate can not meet the requirements of seedling growth. Therefore, it is very important to provide a nitrogen slow-release matrix disc meeting the nutrient composition requirement curve of rice in the seedling stage.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a preparation method of a straw seedling raising substrate tray with nitrogen slow release performance and released nitrogen meeting the growth requirements of seedlings.
Specifically, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
1. preparation of liquid urea formaldehyde with short slow-release period
Dissolving urea and formaldehyde (the molar ratio of the urea to the formaldehyde is 1.5-1.6:1) in water, and carrying out an addition reaction under an alkaline condition, wherein the reaction temperature is 40 ℃, and the reaction time is 1.5h; then, carrying out polymerization reaction under the weak acid condition, wherein the reaction temperature is 40 ℃, and the reaction time is 10-20 minutes, so as to obtain a solution containing methylene urea with low condensation degree, namely liquid urea formaldehyde with short slow release period for standby;
the alkaline condition is that the pH value of the solution is regulated to 7.5-8.0 by adopting sodium hydroxide solution or potassium hydroxide solution; the weak acid condition is that a phosphoric acid solution (85% concentration) is adopted to adjust the pH value of the solution to be 5.5-6.0.
2. Preparation of straw fiber with high adsorption
Crushing the dried crop straw (preferably one of wheat, corn and rice straw) into straw particles with the diameter of less than 1mm so as to increase the specific surface area of straw fibers; then adding ammonium sulfate to adjust the carbon nitrogen ratio to 25-30:1, carrying out high-temperature (70-75 ℃) aerobic fermentation for 4-6 days, turning 1 time every 2 days during composting, and spraying dilute sulfuric acid solution (1 mol/L) when turning every time to ensure that the pH value of the compost is 6.0-6.5;
and (5) obtaining straw fibers with larger adsorption quantity of ammonium ions for later use after composting.
The high-temperature aerobic fermentation can eliminate pathogenic bacteria contained in crop straws, and weaken interaction force among cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin in the straws, so that the processability of straw fibers is improved, and the forming of straw matrix blocks is facilitated.
3. Preparation of nitrogen slow-release straw seedling raising matrix tray
Uniformly mixing the straw fiber obtained in the step 2 with the liquid urea formaldehyde obtained in the step 1 according to the mass ratio of 40:1 to obtain a nitrogen slow-release matrix, uniformly mixing the nitrogen slow-release matrix with water according to the mass ratio of 1:50 to prepare slurry, and performing negative pressure suction filtration molding to obtain the nitrogen slow-release straw seedling raising matrix tray.
The pulping and negative pressure suction forming steps are all conventional in the art, such as the method disclosed in patent CN 201910978528.9.
Specifically, compared with the existing rice seedling raising substrate tray, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention optimizes and improves the conventional urea formaldehyde preparation process, improves the reaction pH value range of the conventional polymerization reaction from 3.0-5.0 to 5.5-6.0, shortens the conventional polymerization reaction time range from 1-1.5 hours to 10-20 minutes, greatly reduces the condensation degree of methylene urea, greatly improves the nitrogen release rate of the prepared liquid urea formaldehyde, shortens the nitrogen release period from >6 months to <1 month, and is in accordance with the nutrition requirement curve of rice seedlings.
2. According to the invention, the specific surface area of the straw particles is increased by reducing the diameter of the straw particles, so that the adsorption performance of the straw particles on ammonium ions is improved, and meanwhile, the volatilization of ammonium nitrogen is reduced by reducing the pH value of the compost, so that a large amount of ammonium ions can be adsorbed by the finally prepared straw fibers, and the ammonium nitrogen is gradually released in the seedling raising process of the formed straw seedling raising substrate tray, so that the nitrogen slow release effect is achieved.
3. The nitrogen in the nitrogen slow-release straw seedling raising substrate tray prepared by the invention is gradually released in the seedling raising process, so that the salt damage effect of the rapid release of nutrients to rice seeds in the early stage of seedling raising is avoided, and the great demand of nitrogen in the middle and later stages of seedling growth can be met. The additional fertilizer is not needed in the whole rice seedling raising process, so that the seedling raising cost is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the nitrogen release rules of different urea-formaldehyde types.
Fig. 2 is a photograph of a nitrogen slow release type straw seedling raising substrate block (SUP) prepared in the example.
FIG. 3 is a photograph of different straw substrate blocks raised for 7 days.
Description of the embodiments
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments, wherein the exemplary embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are provided for illustration of the present invention, but are not intended to be limiting of the present invention. Unless otherwise indicated, all assays disclosed herein employ techniques conventional in the art, and reagents and materials used in the examples are commercially available.
The raw materials and the equipment related in the examples are as follows:
the model of the single-station reciprocating forming machine is JKF-9060, which is purchased from Automation equipment Co., ltd.
Urea was purchased from smini fertilizer stock limited.
Formaldehyde was purchased from Shanghai Taitan technologies Co.
Unless otherwise specified, the starting materials referred to in the examples below were purchased by commercial means.
Placing urea and water in a reaction kettle according to a mass ratio of 1:2, uniformly stirring, heating to 40 ℃, adding formaldehyde (the molar ratio of urea to formaldehyde is 1.5:1), regulating the pH of the solution to 8.0 by potassium hydroxide, reacting for 1.5 hours, regulating the pH to 5.5 by phosphoric acid with the concentration of 85%, reacting for 15 minutes at 40 ℃, and discharging to obtain the liquid urea formaldehyde with a short slow-release period.
Taking 30kg of straw fiber as an example, the specific steps are as follows:
crushing 30kg of dried rice straw to a diameter of less than 1mm, dissolving 1.6kg of ammonium sulfate in 45kg of water, spraying the solution into a straw stack, adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the stack to 25:1, adjusting the water content of the stack to 60%, performing high-temperature (70-75 ℃) aerobic fermentation for 4 days, turning the stack after 2 days of fermentation, and spraying 1% (mass fraction) of dilute sulfuric acid solution when turning the stack, so that the pH value of the compost is 6.0-6.5. And (5) obtaining the high-adsorption straw fiber after composting.
Adding the liquid urea formaldehyde prepared in the example 1 into the high adsorption type straw fiber prepared in the example 2, wherein the total nitrogen addition amount of the liquid urea formaldehyde is 2.3%, adjusting the water content of the straw fiber to 70%, and culturing for 25d in a constant temperature incubator at 30 ℃ to obtain liquid urea formaldehyde straw; samples were taken and assayed for effective nitrogen release at cultures 1, 6, 12, 19, 26 d.
Meanwhile, solid urea formaldehyde is used for replacing the liquid urea formaldehyde prepared in the example 1 (the total nitrogen addition amount of the urea formaldehyde is 2.3 percent), and the solid urea formaldehyde straw fiber is prepared by adopting the same method as a control group. The results of the effective nitrogen release amounts of the two groups of prepared straws detected at different times are shown in fig. 1. As can be seen from FIG. 1, the effective nitrogen release of liquid urea formaldehyde is higher than that of solid urea formaldehyde throughout the entire culture period.
The total nitrogen addition amount of urea formaldehyde in this example was calculated as: urea formaldehyde nitrogen content (%) urea formaldehyde addition (g)/straw fiber mass (g) 100.
The solid urea formaldehyde in this example is prepared by conventional processes (e.g. the structure and nitrogen release characteristics of the modified urea formaldehyde slow release fertilizer by protein hydrolysates, published in documents Qu Ping, chang Zhizhou, zhao Yongfu, huang Gongying, agricultural engineering report, 2016,32 (21): 240-245 "), and is specifically as follows: placing urea and water in a reaction kettle according to a mass ratio of 1:2, uniformly stirring, heating to 47 ℃, adding formaldehyde (the molar ratio of urea to formaldehyde is 1.3:1), regulating the pH of the solution to 8.0 by potassium hydroxide, reacting for 1.5 hours, regulating the pH to 3 by 85% phosphoric acid, reacting for 1.5 hours at 47 ℃, discharging, suction-filtering, and placing a filter cake in an oven at 80 ℃ for drying for about 2 hours to obtain the solid urea formaldehyde.
30kg of high-adsorption straw fiber (prepared in example 2) and 750g of liquid urea formaldehyde (prepared in example 1) are put into 1500kg of water, homogenized for 10-20min by a homogenizer, subjected to suction filtration molding by a single-station reciprocating molding machine under negative pressure (-0.01 MPa), and dried by a drying tunnel at 45+/-2 ℃ to obtain a nitrogen slow-release straw seedling raising matrix block (SUP), the photo of which is shown in figure 2.
The step of suction filtration molding in this embodiment is implemented by referring to the method disclosed in the national patent for invention (CN 201910978528.9, a preparation method and application of a full-nutrition degradable straw seedling raising matrix block).
Meanwhile, solid urea formaldehyde (the preparation method is the same as that of the embodiment 3) is used for replacing liquid urea formaldehyde, and other steps are the same as the preparation method of the nitrogen slow-release straw seedling raising matrix block, so that the straw seedling raising matrix block (LUP) is obtained.
And (3) taking a conventional seedling raising substrate tray as a Control (CK), and observing seedling raising effects and quick-acting nitrogen release conditions of a straw seedling raising substrate tray (LUP) with a long nitrogen release period and a straw seedling raising substrate tray (SUP) with a short nitrogen release period. The conventional straw seedling raising substrate tray used in this example was purchased from the intelligent science and technology company of sequoia.
By taking japonica rice as an example, the seed of the japonica rice is No. 42, the sowing quantity is 120 g/disc, and the seedling raising time is 20d.
The number of seedlings, plant height and stem thickness of seedlings were measured at the end of raising seedlings (Table 1), and the quick-acting nitrogen content of the straw substrate tray was measured at 15d and after the end of raising seedlings (21 d) (Table 2), respectively, and the quick-acting nitrogen measurement method was referred toDB13-T 843- 2007 quick-acting soil Nitrogen determination。
TABLE 1 biological Properties of seedlings raised with straw matrix blocks added with different Urea Formaldehyde
TABLE 2 quick-acting Nitrogen content of different straw substrate pieces
From table 1, it can be found that LUP reduces the number of seedlings and plant height compared to CK, while SUP increases the number of seedlings, plant height and stem thickness, indicating that the quick-acting nitrogen released by SUP meets the nitrogen required for seedling growth in time. It can be seen from Table 2 that the SUP has the highest available nitrogen content in the straw matrix tray at 15d, and the available nitrogen content in the straw matrix tray of the LUP is the highest at the end of raising the seedlings, indicating that the slow release period of the SUP nitrogen is significantly shorter than that of the LUP. Fig. 3 is a photograph of the emergence of seedlings from three groups of matrix trays at 7 days, showing that the SUP seedlings emerge more and the plants are stronger.
Claims (4)
1. A preparation method of a nitrogen slow-release straw seedling raising substrate tray is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
1) Mixing urea and formaldehyde, dissolving in water, carrying out addition reaction under alkaline condition, and then carrying out polymerization reaction under weak acid condition to obtain liquid urea formaldehyde for standby;
the alkaline condition is that the pH value is 7.5-8.0, and the weak acid condition is that the pH value is 5.5-6.0;
the molar ratio of the urea to the formaldehyde is 1.5-1.6:1;
2) Mixing straw particles with ammonium sulfate, regulating the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 25-30:1, enabling the water content of a pile to be 60% -70%, carrying out aerobic fermentation at 70-75 ℃ for 4-6 days, and maintaining the pH value of the compost to be 6.0-6.5 during composting to obtain straw fibers for later use;
the diameter of the straw particles is less than 1mm;
3) Uniformly mixing the straw fiber obtained in the step 2) with the liquid urea formaldehyde obtained in the step 1) according to the mass ratio of 40:1 to obtain a nitrogen slow-release matrix; and then uniformly mixing the nitrogen slow-release matrix with water according to the mass ratio of 1:50, pulping, and suction-filtering to form to obtain the nitrogen slow-release straw seedling raising matrix tray.
2. The method for preparing the nitrogen slow release type straw seedling raising substrate tray according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1), the alkaline condition is that a sodium hydroxide solution or a potassium hydroxide solution is used for adjusting the pH value of the solution to 7.5-8.0; the weak acid condition is that the pH value of the solution is adjusted to 5.5-6.0 by using phosphoric acid solution.
3. The method for preparing a nitrogen slow release type straw seedling raising substrate tray according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2), the straw comprises at least one of wheat straw, corn straw and rice straw.
4. The method for preparing the nitrogen slow release type straw seedling raising substrate tray according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2), the step of maintaining the pH value of the compost at 6.0-6.5 is to add 1mol/L sulfuric acid solution to maintain the pH value of the compost at 6.0-6.5.
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