CN112028699A - Slow-mixing fertilizer applicable to one-time rice transplanting fertilization technology in saline-alkali soil - Google Patents
Slow-mixing fertilizer applicable to one-time rice transplanting fertilization technology in saline-alkali soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN112028699A CN112028699A CN202010897615.4A CN202010897615A CN112028699A CN 112028699 A CN112028699 A CN 112028699A CN 202010897615 A CN202010897615 A CN 202010897615A CN 112028699 A CN112028699 A CN 112028699A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/90—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting the nitrification of ammonium compounds or urea in the soil
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a slow mixing fertilizer suitable for a rice machine-transplanting one-time fertilization technology of saline-alkali soil, which comprises large-particle urea, 4-month resin-coated urea, sulfur-coated urea, resin-coated diammonium phosphate and resin-coated potassium nitrate. The invention also discloses an application of the slow mixed fertilizer in rice machine insertion fertilization: in saline-alkali soil, the nitrogen application amount of the slow mixed fertilizer is 75% of the local conventional nitrogen application amount; and (3) fertilizing and transplanting the rice synchronously, applying the slow-mixed fertilizer into 5cm of the rhizosphere side of the rice seedling and 3-5 cm of the deep soil along with the rice seedling, causing no damage to the rice seedling, performing field diagnosis in the three-leaf period, and judging whether spike fertilizer is applied additionally. The slow-mixing fertilizer is applied at one time, so that the labor cost is greatly saved, the using amount of the fertilizer is reduced, the rice yield is ensured, the waste of the fertilizer is reduced, the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved, and the pollution risk of the environment is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of fertilizer production, relates to a rice machine-transplanting slow-mixing fertilizer suitable for saline-alkali soil, in particular to a slow-mixing fertilizer suitable for a rice machine-transplanting one-time fertilization technology of saline-alkali soil, and particularly relates to a rice machine-transplanting efficient slow-mixing fertilizer and a side deep fertilization technology of saline-alkali soil.
Background
The rice is one of the main grain crops in China, the planting area of Jiangsu province rice accounts for 7% of the whole country, and the total yield accounts for about 10% of the whole country. At present, the saline-alkali soil in coastal areas of Jiangsu province is more and is not suitable for the growth and development of rice. Research shows that the fertilizer can be applied additionally, the pH value of soil is reduced, and the salt resistance of plants is improved, so that the growth of rice is facilitated. The current chemical fertilizer used in rice production mainly comprises urea, calcium superphosphate and potassium chloride which are soluble in elementary fertilizer at a constant speed, fertilizer nutrients are quickly dissolved in water, and the problems of low fertilizer utilization rate, environmental pollution and the like are caused due to serious fertilizer nutrient loss. The requirement of the rice on nutrients in the whole growth period can not be met by applying the simple substance fertilizer once, multiple times of fertilization are needed, labor force and time are wasted, and mechanical operation is not facilitated. Meanwhile, since the saline-alkali soil belongs to a special soil, is sensitive to chlorine and is in a potassium-rich state, the content of the quick-acting potassium in the common saline-alkali soil can possibly meet the requirement of the rice on nutrients in the growth and development process. Therefore, the fertilization mode needs to be optimized, and the rice machine transplanting and fertilization integrated technology is implemented.
At present, slow and controlled release fertilizer is one of the main measures for improving the utilization rate of fertilizer and is also the main direction of fertilizer development. The fertilizer efficiency can be prolonged by applying a single controlled-release fertilizer in the soil environment, but the nutrient release degree and the nutrient release rate are not synchronous with the nutrient requirement rule of crops, so that the nutrient requirement of rice at different stages of growth and development cannot be met.
The slow mixed fertilizer is a fertilizer which is prepared by using the nutrient release characteristics of different slow and controlled release fertilizers according to the fertilizer requirement rule in the rice growth stage, and the fertilizer nutrient release rule is synchronous with the secondary fertilizer absorption peak of rice. Therefore, an efficient machine-inserted slow-mixed fertilizer is needed to be provided for saline-alkali soil.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that the existing single slow controlled release fertilizer cannot meet the requirements of crops on nutrients in each growth stage, the soil with high quick-acting potassium content is easy to cause fertilizer waste if excessive potassium fertilizer is applied, and the common chemical fertilizer is not suitable for mechanized fertilization operation of rice. According to the requirements of different periods of rice growth and development on nutrients, a machine-inserted slow-mixed fertilizer prepared by blending and mixing large-particle urea, 4-month resin-coated urea, sulfur-coated urea and resin-coated diammonium phosphate is provided, and meanwhile, in consideration of the fact that an acidic fertilizer is suitable for being used in saline-alkali soil and the pH value of the soil is reduced, potassium and partial nitrogen are provided by using resin-coated potassium nitrate. The machine-transplanted slow-mixed fertilizer is suitable for saline-alkali soil, fertilization and transplantation are carried out synchronously, the machine-transplanted slow-mixed fertilizer is directly applied to the position 5cm away from the rhizosphere of the seedling and 3-5 cm deep in soil along with the seedling, no damage is caused to the seedling, the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved, and labor, time and labor are saved.
The purpose of the invention is implemented by the following technical scheme:
a slow-mixing fertilizer suitable for a one-time rice transplanting fertilization technology in saline-alkali soil comprises large-particle urea, 4-month resin coated urea, sulfur coated urea, resin coated diammonium phosphate and resin coated potassium nitrate; the weight portions of the components are as follows:
as a preferred technical scheme of the slow-mixed fertilizer, the slow-mixed fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight:
as a further preferable technical scheme of the slow-mixing fertilizer, the slow-mixing fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight:
the slow mixed fertilizer is suitable for saline-alkali soil, is applied according to 75% of the local conventional nitrogen application amount, and can improve the rice yield and the absorption utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizers and potassium fertilizers on the premise of reducing the nitrogen application amount and the potassium application amount.
The components of the slow mixed fertilizer are all commercial products, and the nutrient content is expressed by the mass percent of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (calculated by nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide).
The mass percent of nitrogen in the large-particle urea is 46%, and the particle diameter is 2-5 mm.
The 4-month resin coated urea is a controlled release fertilizer with the nitrogen content of 42-46% and the nutrient supply period or the fertilizer effect period of 120 days.
The sulfur coated urea is a slow release fertilizer with the nitrogen content of 36-40% by mass.
The resin-coated diammonium phosphate contains 15-18% by mass of nitrogen and 40-50% by mass of phosphorus.
The resin-coated potassium nitrate contains 7-10% by mass of nitrogen and 53-57% by mass of potassium.
The nutrient ratio of the efficient slow-mixed fertilizer is 27:10:6 (N: P)2O5:K2Mass ratio of O).
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the slow-mixing fertilizer, which is prepared by fully stirring and uniformly mixing the components according to a formula.
The invention also aims to provide an application of the slow-mixed fertilizer in rice transplanting and fertilizing, wherein the fertilizing method comprises the following steps: in saline-alkali soil, the nitrogen application amount of the slow mixed fertilizer is 75% of the local conventional nitrogen application amount; and (3) fertilizing and transplanting the rice synchronously, applying the slow-mixed fertilizer into 5cm of the rhizosphere side of the rice seedling and 3-5 cm of the deep soil along with the rice seedling, causing no damage to the rice seedling, performing field diagnosis in the three-leaf period, and judging whether spike fertilizer is applied additionally.
And in the three-leaf period of the rice, the difference between leaf color of the top 3 leaves and the top 4 leaves of the rice is utilized to clearly diagnose whether the field is lack of fertilizer. The specific diagnosis method comprises the following steps: if the leaf color is obviously faded (the top 4 leaves are lighter than the top 3 leaves), 3 kilograms of nitrogen fertilizer is applied to each mu of indica rice, and less than 5 kilograms of nitrogen fertilizer is applied to each mu of japonica rice; if the leaf color is normal (the leaf color of the top 4 leaves is similar to that of the top 3 leaves), the spike fertilizer is not applied.
The soil fertility judgment according to the soil testing formula data is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 indicator of nutrient abundance or deficiency in rice soil
60 mg/kg of saline-alkali soil-1The quick-acting potassium content is less than or equal to 160 mg/kg-1. According to the DB 14T 1415-2017 standard, saline-alkali soil can be divided into light saline-alkali soil, medium saline-alkali soil, heavy saline-alkali soil and extremely heavy saline-alkali soil. The light saline-alkali soil has the total salt content of 0.1-0.29 percent and the pH value more than 7.5 and less than or equal to 8.0; the moderate saline-alkali soil has the total salt content of 0.3-0.49 percent and the pH value more than 8.0 and less than or equal to 8.5; the heavy saline-alkali soil has the total salt content of 0.5-1.0 percent and the pH value of more than 8.5 and less than or equal to 9.0; the heavy saline-alkali soil has the total salt content of more than 1.0 percent and the pH value of more than 9.0.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the method fully utilizes the soil characteristics and nutrient shortage and abundance indexes of the rice, determines the application amount of the fertilizer according to the nutrient content in the saline-alkali soil, and reduces the loss of the fertilizer.
(2) The slow mixed fertilizer can improve the rice yield and improve the fertilizer utilization rate. Tests show that when the slow mixed fertilizer is applied to saline-alkali soil, on the premise of reducing nitrogen application amount and potassium application amount, compared with a control group, the yield of rice treated by the slow mixed fertilizer can still be increased, the yield is increased by 2.6%, the absorption utilization rate of nitrogen and potassium treated by the slow mixed fertilizer is highest, the absorption utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer is increased by 23.3%, and the absorption utilization rate of potassium fertilizer is increased by 25.4%.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further explained by the following embodiments.
Example 1
The slow mixed fertilizer for rice machine transplanting (marked as slow mixed fertilizer) is prepared by fully stirring and uniformly mixing the following components in parts by weight:
the mass percent of nitrogen in the large-particle urea (Jiangsu Linggu chemical Co., Ltd.) is 46%, and the particle diameter is 2-5 mm.
The controlled release fertilizer with the nitrogen content of 43 percent in the 4-month resin-coated urea and the nutrient supply period or the fertilizer effect period of 120 days.
The sulfur coated urea is a slow release fertilizer with 37% of nitrogen by mass.
The resin-coated diammonium phosphate contains 17% by mass of nitrogen and 43% by mass of phosphorus.
The resin-coated potassium nitrate contains 8% of nitrogen and 56% of potassium by mass.
The nutrient ratio of the rice machine-transplanted slow-mixed fertilizer is 27:10:6 (N: P)2O5:K2Mass ratio of O).
In 2019, the applicant performed field experiments in Dafeng, Jiangsu province by using the rice machine-transplanted slow-release mixed fertilizer of the embodiment, and used conventional graded fertilization as a control group.
1. The test varieties are as follows: local conventional variety.
TABLE 2. ecological Point Rice variety and its local nitrogen application and soil physicochemical Properties
2. The fertilization scheme is as follows:
control group (CK): after the rice seedlings are transplanted, local conventional fertilizer is immediately applied, urea is manually applied as tillering fertilizer in one week after the transplanting, and then the urea is manually applied as flower promoting fertilizer and flower protecting fertilizer in the leaf-turning-4 and leaf-turning-2 periods (the actual operation is based on local area, and the nitrogen application amount is shown in table 2).
Treatment group (marked as slow mixing fertilizer group): in the Dafeng saline-alkali soil; a fertilizing mode: the fertilizing amount is calculated by nitrogen application amount, the nitrogen application amount is 75% of the local conventional nitrogen application amount, all the components of the fertilizer are fully stirred and uniformly mixed, the fertilizer and the transplanting of the rice are synchronously carried out, and the fertilizer is directly applied to the position 5cm away from the rhizosphere of the rice seedling and 3-5 cm deep in soil along with the rice seedling. And (4) performing field diagnosis in the three-leaf pouring period, wherein the leaf color of the rice plant of each ecological point is normal (the leaf color of the top 4 leaf is similar to that of the top 3 leaf), and no spike fertilizer is required to be applied.
A blank treatment without fertilization was set simultaneously with the treatment group and the control group (N0).
3. And (3) testing results: and (3) selecting 5 points at any time in the maturation period, continuously checking 20 holes of each point for seedlings, recording the effective spike number, repeating for 3 times, calculating the effective spike number of the whole field, calculating the average effective spike number of each hole, selecting 3 holes according to the average effective spike number of each hole, combining the 3 holes to serve as a sample, respectively taking 3 samples from a treatment group and a control group, testing the number of spikes, the setting rate and the thousand kernel weight of each sample, and calculating the yield.
Biomass determination: taking 3 plants as a sample in the maturation period of the treatment group and the control group respectively, repeating the steps for 3 times, separating the ear part from the stem, deactivating enzyme at 105 ℃ for 30min, drying at 70 ℃ to constant weight, and weighing to obtain the dry weight of the ear part and the total dry weight of the stem and the leaf.
And (3) measuring the nitrogen and potassium contents of the plants: respectively crushing the dried samples for each treatment, and respectively measuring the nitrogen content of the spike part and the stem and leaf by a Kjeldahl method; the potassium content of the ear and the stem and leaf were measured by flame photometry.
Calculating the formula:
the absorption utilization rate of the nitrogen fertilizer is (nitrogen absorption amount of the nitrogen application region-nitrogen absorption amount of the blank region)/nitrogen application amount is multiplied by 100 percent;
the absorption utilization rate of the potash fertilizer is (phosphorus absorption amount in a potassium applying area-potassium absorption amount in a blank area)/potassium applying amount is multiplied by 100%.
TABLE 3 influence of Slow-mix fertilizers on Rice yield and Nitrogen Potassium Fertilizer absorption and utilization
The test results are shown in table 3, and compared with the control group, the slow mixed fertilizer group can improve the rice yield and the absorption utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer on the premise of reducing the nitrogen application amount, the yield is improved by 13.3%, the absorption utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer is improved by 25.8%, and the absorption utilization rate of potassium fertilizer is improved by 25.4%. Compared with the physical and chemical properties of soil before transplanting, the total salt content and pH of the soil after the rice season are reduced, and compared with a control group, slow mixed fertilizer is applied, wherein the acid fertilizer has a certain regulating effect on the salt content and the pH of the soil, so that the growth of the rice is promoted.
In conclusion, the saline-alkali soil can utilize the acid fertilizer by combining all indexes, and the slow mixed fertilizer is applied. The slow mixed fertilizer is applied once by the rice machine, so that the conventional fertilizing technology is simplified, the labor cost is greatly saved, the using amount of the fertilizer is reduced, the rice yield is ensured, the waste of the fertilizer is reduced, the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved, and the pollution risk of the environment is reduced.
Claims (9)
1. A slow-mixed fertilizer suitable for a one-time rice transplanting fertilization technology in saline-alkali soil is characterized by comprising large-particle urea, 4-month resin coated urea, sulfur coated urea, resin coated diammonium phosphate and resin coated potassium nitrate; the weight portions of the components are as follows:
2. the slow mixed fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that the slow mixed fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight:
3. the slow mixed fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that the slow mixed fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight:
4. the slow-mixed fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that the nitrogen content in the large granular urea is 46% by mass, and the particle diameter is 2-5 mm;
the 4-month resin coated urea is a controlled release fertilizer with the nitrogen content of 42-46% and the nutrient supply period or the fertilizer effect period of 120 days;
the sulfur coated urea is a slow release fertilizer with the nitrogen content of 36-40% by mass.
5. The slow-mixed fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the resin-coated diammonium phosphate contains 15-18% by mass of nitrogen and 40-50% by mass of phosphorus.
6. The slow-mixed fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the resin-coated potassium nitrate contains 6 to 10 mass% of nitrogen and 53 to 57 mass% of potassium.
7. Use of a slow-release fertilizer as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6 in machine-insertion fertilization of rice.
8. Use according to claim 7, characterized in that the fertilization method is as follows: in saline-alkali soil, the nitrogen application amount of the slow mixed fertilizer is 75% of the local conventional nitrogen application amount; the fertilization and the rice transplantation are carried out synchronously, and the fertilizer is directly applied to the rhizosphere side of the rice seedling by 5cm and the soil depth by 3-5 cm along with the rice seedling.
9. The use of claim 7, wherein the field diagnosis is performed during the three-leaf period, and the leaf color difference between the top 3 leaves and the top 4 leaves of the rice is used for judging whether to apply the spike fertilizer; the diagnosis method comprises the following steps: if the top 4 leaves are shallower than the top 3 leaves, 3 kilograms of nitrogen fertilizer is applied to each mu of indica rice, and less than 5 kilograms of nitrogen fertilizer is applied to each mu of japonica rice; if the color of the top 4 leaves is similar to that of the top 3 leaves, the spike fertilizer is not applied.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112956318A (en) * | 2021-03-30 | 2021-06-15 | 南京农业大学 | One-time basal application method suitable for special slow mixed fertilizer for machine transplanting |
| CN113248307A (en) * | 2021-05-19 | 2021-08-13 | 南京农业大学 | Slow-mixing fertilizer suitable for direct seeding of rice machine |
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| CN101177367A (en) * | 2007-11-05 | 2008-05-14 | 山东金正大生态工程股份有限公司 | Special controlled release fertilizer for rice and preparation method thereof |
| CN101177362A (en) * | 2007-11-09 | 2008-05-14 | 山东金正大生态工程股份有限公司 | Special controlled release fertilizer for corn and preparation method thereof |
| CN103922853A (en) * | 2014-04-28 | 2014-07-16 | 南京农业大学 | Slow-release compound fertilizer for mechanical transplanting of rice seedlings |
| CN104447136A (en) * | 2014-12-02 | 2015-03-25 | 山西省农业科学院农业环境与资源研究所 | Sustained release special fertilizer suitable for inland saline-alkali soil forage grass sorghum |
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- 2020-08-31 CN CN202010897615.4A patent/CN112028699B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101177367A (en) * | 2007-11-05 | 2008-05-14 | 山东金正大生态工程股份有限公司 | Special controlled release fertilizer for rice and preparation method thereof |
| CN101177362A (en) * | 2007-11-09 | 2008-05-14 | 山东金正大生态工程股份有限公司 | Special controlled release fertilizer for corn and preparation method thereof |
| CN103922853A (en) * | 2014-04-28 | 2014-07-16 | 南京农业大学 | Slow-release compound fertilizer for mechanical transplanting of rice seedlings |
| CN104447136A (en) * | 2014-12-02 | 2015-03-25 | 山西省农业科学院农业环境与资源研究所 | Sustained release special fertilizer suitable for inland saline-alkali soil forage grass sorghum |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112956318A (en) * | 2021-03-30 | 2021-06-15 | 南京农业大学 | One-time basal application method suitable for special slow mixed fertilizer for machine transplanting |
| CN113248307A (en) * | 2021-05-19 | 2021-08-13 | 南京农业大学 | Slow-mixing fertilizer suitable for direct seeding of rice machine |
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