CN113165353A - 用于交通工具外部的装饰膜 - Google Patents
用于交通工具外部的装饰膜 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113165353A CN113165353A CN201980078950.7A CN201980078950A CN113165353A CN 113165353 A CN113165353 A CN 113165353A CN 201980078950 A CN201980078950 A CN 201980078950A CN 113165353 A CN113165353 A CN 113165353A
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Abstract
本公开描述了用于交通工具外部的装饰膜,本公开的实施方案的用于交通工具外部的装饰膜包括树脂层和粘合剂层,其中树脂层的撕裂强度在20℃时为约8.0N或更大,粘合剂层包含交联剂与(甲基)丙烯酸酯聚合物的反应产物,该(甲基)丙烯酸酯聚合物得自包含单烯键不饱和单体和含羧基基团的不饱和单体的材料,(甲基)丙烯酸酯聚合物的玻璃化转变温度为约‑58℃或更高且约‑40℃或更低,并且以单烯键不饱和单体和含羧基基团的不饱和单体的总量为100质量%计,含羧基基团的不饱和单体以约3质量%或更多且约10质量%或更少的量掺入。装饰膜即使在暴露于风、雨、风压等时也可能够减少缺陷,诸如隆起。
Description
技术领域
本公开涉及一种用于交通工具外部的装饰膜。
背景技术
近年来,从减少溶剂的使用和缩短构造周期的角度来看,已经使用装饰膜代替涂漆作为各种类型的交通工具的装饰手段。
专利文献1(JP 2001-334934 A)描述了一种铁路交通工具,在该铁路交通工具中除了未着色位置诸如门把手和窗框之外,交通工具的外板的总周边表面包括预定颜色或图案,并且以图案化形状涂布有具有阻燃功能的膜。
专利文献2(JP 6187632 B)描述了一种用于待附连在交通工具中的交通工具贴纸的粘合剂膜,并且该粘合剂膜包括隐蔽基材和粘合剂层,该隐蔽基材包括至少白色树脂膜层和隐蔽层,并且该白色树脂膜层包含5质量%至30质量%的二氧化钛并且由具有25μm至100μm厚度的未拉伸的树脂膜制备。
专利文献3(JP 2007-297569 A)描述了一种在汽车等中使用的装饰层形成膜,并且该膜包括由特定聚氨酯树脂制备的顶涂层和设置在顶涂层的表面侧上的载体膜。
发明内容
技术问题
交通工具的外部暴露于雨、雪、风等,并且在行进期间经受显著的风压。即使当装饰膜作为标签等被施加到交通工具外部的一部分时,装饰膜的周边端部部分也一直受到风、雨、风压等的影响。此外,即使当装饰膜被施加到交通工具的整个外表面时,通常也存在装饰膜的接合部分,并且因此装饰膜的接合部分易受风、雨、风压等的影响。因此,可发生缺陷,诸如装饰膜的隆起和撕裂。
本公开提供了一种用于交通工具外部的装饰膜,该装饰膜即使在暴露于风、雨、风压等时也能够减少或防止诸如隆起的问题。
问题的解决方案
根据本公开的一个实施方案,提供了一种用于交通工具外部的装饰膜,该装饰膜包括树脂层和粘合剂层,其中树脂层的撕裂强度在20℃时为约8.0N或更大,粘合剂层包含交联剂与(甲基)丙烯酸酯聚合物的反应产物,该(甲基)丙烯酸酯聚合物得自包含单烯键不饱和单体和含羧基基团的不饱和单体的材料,(甲基)丙烯酸酯聚合物的玻璃化转变温度为约-58℃或更高且约-40℃或更低,并且以单烯键不饱和单体和含羧基基团的不饱和单体的总量为100质量%计,含羧基基团的不饱和单体以约3质量%或更多且约10质量%或更少的量掺入。
发明的有益效果
根据本公开,可提供一种用于交通工具外部的装饰膜,该装饰膜即使在暴露于风、雨、风压等时也能够减少或防止诸如隆起的问题。
以上描述不应理解为意指本发明的所有实施方案和本发明的所有优点均被公开。
附图说明
图1是根据本公开的一个实施方案的用于交通工具外部的装饰膜的剖视图。
图2是根据本公开的另一个实施方案的用于交通工具外部的装饰膜的剖视图。
具体实施方式
本公开的第一实施方案的用于交通工具外部的装饰膜包括树脂层和粘合剂层,并且树脂层的撕裂强度在20℃时为约8.0N或更大。粘合剂层包含交联剂与(甲基)丙烯酸酯聚合物的反应产物,该(甲基)丙烯酸酯聚合物得自包含单烯键不饱和单体和含羧基基团的不饱和单体的材料,并且(甲基)丙烯酸酯聚合物的玻璃化转变温度为约-58℃或更高且约-40℃或更低。以单烯键不饱和单体和含羧基基团的不饱和单体的总量为100质量%计,含羧基基团的不饱和单体以约3质量%或更多且约10质量%或更少的量掺入。由于装饰膜包括特定树脂层和特定粘合剂层,因此即使在暴露于风、雨、风压等时也可减少诸如隆起的问题。据信,基于特定树脂层的刚度和与基于特定粘合剂层的粘附体的粘合强度有所贡献。
根据第一实施方案的装饰膜的树脂层的撕裂强度可被设定成在-5℃时为约15.0N或更大。例如,即使在交通工具在低温环境中行进的情况下,设置有具有此类撕裂强度的树脂层的装饰膜也可表现出足够的耐风性、耐雨性和耐风压性。
第一实施方案的装饰膜的树脂层的厚度可为约100μm或更大。当树脂层的厚度在该范围内时,刚度增加,并且可进一步改善诸如隆起的问题。
第一实施方案的装饰膜的树脂层可包含选自聚氨酯树脂、聚烯烃树脂和聚酯树脂中的至少一者。由此类材料形成的树脂层可进一步改善诸如隆起的问题。
第一实施方案的装饰膜可进一步包括选自保护层和装饰层中的至少一者。通过包括此类层,可以进一步改善装饰膜的耐候性、耐溶剂性和装饰特性。
第一实施方案的装饰膜可以用于铁路交通工具的外部。本公开的装饰膜即使在暴露于风、雨、风压等时也可减少诸如隆起的问题,并且因此甚至可用于以高速行进的铁路交通工具。
尽管为了说明的目的,现在将参考附图更详细地描述本发明的代表性实施方案,但是本发明不限于这些实施方案。关于附图中的参考标记,由不同附图中的类似参考标记表示的元件指示类似或对应的元件。
在本公开中,“膜”还包括被称为“片材”的制品。
在本公开中,“低温环境”可旨在表示例如飞机在其中行进的冬季环境或高海拔环境。具体地,“低温环境”可旨在表示例如温度为约0℃或更低、约-5℃或更低或者约-10℃或更低的环境。低温环境中的温度的下限值不受特别限制,但可被限定为例如约-50℃或更高、约-40℃或更高或者约-30℃或更高。
在本公开中,“高温环境”可旨在表示例如夏季环境。具体地,“高温环境”可旨在表示例如温度为约35℃或更高、约37℃或更高或者约40℃或更高的环境。高温环境中的温度的上限值不受特别限制,但可被限定为例如约60℃或更低、约55℃或更低或者约50℃或更低。
在本公开中,“高速”可被限定为约100km/h或更大、约150km/h或更大、约200km/h或更大、约250km/h或更大或者约300km/h或更大。上限值不受特别限制,但可被限定为例如约1200km/h或更小、约1000km/h或更小、约800km/h或更小或者约700km/h或更小。该速度可旨在表示最大速度。
在本公开中,“透明的”意指可见光区域(约400nm至约700nm的波长)中的平均透射率为约80%或更大,并且期望地为约85%或更大,或者为约90%或更大。平均透射率的上限值不受特别限制,但例如可被限定为约小于100%、约99%或更小或者约98%或更小。
在本公开中,“半透明的”意指可见光区域(约400nm至约700nm的波长)中的平均透射率小于约80%,并且期望地为约75%或更小,并且旨在表示下面的层未完全隐藏。
在本公开中,“(甲基)丙烯酸类”意指丙烯酸类或甲基丙烯酸类,并且“(甲基)丙烯酸酯”意指丙烯酸酯或甲基丙烯酸酯。
在下文中,将进一步描述用于交通工具外部的装饰膜(可被简称为“装饰膜”)。
本公开的用于交通工具外部的装饰膜可用于暴露于风、雨、风压等的环境中,或用于低温环境中。
本公开的用于交通工具外部的装饰膜可以被施加到构成交通工具外部的各种部位。例如,装饰膜可以被施加到交通工具的外面上的选自前表面、后表面、侧表面、顶表面和底表面的至少任何表面。具体地,优选地在交通工具行进时将装饰膜施加到观察者可观察的部位。具体地,在铁路交通工具或汽车中,可将装饰膜施加到除底表面之外的所有表面,并且在飞机中,可将装饰膜施加到整个表面。装饰膜可以被施加到每个表面的所有区域,或者可作为显示制品诸如徽标被施加到每个表面的一部分。
本公开的装饰膜可表现出优异的粘合性。粘合性可例如通过下文所述实施例中所述的粘合强度测试来评估。
在20℃和65%相对湿度(RH)保持24小时的条件下,粘合强度可被限定为约10N或更大、约11N或更大或者约12N或更大。粘合强度的上限值不受特别限制,但可被限定为例如约30N或更小、约28N或更小或者约25N或更小。
在5℃时保持24小时的条件下,粘合强度可被限定为约15N或更大、约18N或更大或者约20N或更大。上限值不受特别限制,但可被限定为例如约40N或更小、约38N或更小或者约35N或更小。
本公开的装饰膜可表现出高耐风性、耐雨性和耐风压性。耐风性、耐雨性和耐风压性可例如通过模仿风、雨和风压的高压洗涤测试来评估,并且该高压洗涤测试在下文所述的实施例中有所描述。在此类测试中,本公开的装饰膜可减少或抑制膜的变形、剥离等的发生。
本公开的装饰膜可表现出优异的耐冲击性(耐碎裂性)。耐冲击性可例如通过下文所述实施例中所述的在约-20℃的气氛中的耐冲击性测试来评估。此类性能是例如在替换已被隧道中的粉尘或冰或者在行进期间附接到交通工具自身的冰损坏的膜的情况下,或在长期使用之后改变为新设计的情况下所需的装饰膜的特征性能,并且具有优异耐冲击性的装饰膜可简化替换工作步骤。
装饰膜的厚度(当存在剥离衬垫时,不包括剥离衬垫的厚度)不限于以下厚度,而是可被设定为例如约120μm或更大、约150μm或更大、约200μm或更大或者约250μm或更大,并且可被设定为约1mm或更小或者约500μm或更小。将装饰膜的厚度设定为约120μm或更大赋予膜必要的性能,诸如韧性,并且当装饰膜的厚度被设定为约1mm或更小时,赋予膜柔韧性,装饰膜可充分跟踪甚至具有复杂形状诸如弯曲表面形状的粘附体(交通工具的外侧上的构件),并且可提供优异的外观。
从耐风性、耐雨性和耐风压性的角度来看,本公开的树脂层在20℃时优选地具有约8.0N或更大的撕裂强度。另外,当装饰膜在-5℃时具有约15.0N或更大的撕裂强度时,装饰膜不仅在环境温度时而且在低温时具有足够的撕裂强度,并且因此可提供特别地即使在交通工具在低温环境中行进的情况下也表现出足够的耐风性、耐雨性和耐风压性的用于外部的装饰膜。
本公开的树脂层在20℃的气氛中的撕裂强度可被限定为约8.0N或更大、约9.0N或更大或者约10.0N或更大。上限值不受特别限制,但可被限定为例如约50.0N或更小、约40.0N或更小或者约30.0N或更小。
本公开的树脂层在-5℃的气氛中的撕裂强度可被限定为约15.0N或更大、约18.0N或更大或者约20.0N或更大。上限值不受特别限制,但可被限定为例如约70.0N或更小、约60.0N或更小或者约50.0N或更小。
还可限定本公开的树脂层在5℃的气氛中的撕裂强度。此类撕裂强度可被限定为约12.0N或更大、约13.0N或更大或者约15.0N或更大。上限值不受特别限制,但可被限定为例如约60.0N或更小、约50.0N或更小或者约40.0N或更小。
本公开的树脂层的厚度不受特别限制,但可被限定为例如约100μm或更大、约110μm或更大、约120μm或更大、约150μm或更大、约180μm或更大或者约200μm或更大。上限值不受特别限制,但从制造成本的角度来看,上限值可被限定为例如约1mm或更小、约700μm或更小、约500μm或更小或者约300μm或更小。
当树脂层的厚度增加时,装饰膜的横截面厚度通常也增加,并且因此预期装饰膜易受诸如风压的阻力的影响并且易于具有诸如隆起的问题。因此,为了避免风压阻力,通常假设树脂层的厚度将减小。然而,令人惊讶的是,当树脂层的厚度减小时,相反,诸如隆起的问题容易发生。虽然当树脂层的厚度增加时不太可能发生诸如隆起的问题的原因是不清楚的,但认为这是因为树脂层的刚度也随着树脂层的厚度增加而增加,并且因此装饰膜变得更耐风压。这也与结果相关联,该结果指示增大上述撕裂强度的数值是优选的。
本公开的树脂层的材料不受特别限制,但可采用选自聚氨酯树脂、聚烯烃树脂和聚酯树脂中的至少一者。其中,聚氨酯树脂是优选的。除了耐风性、耐雨性和耐风压性之外,聚氨酯树脂层还可改善耐冲击性。用于普通装饰膜中的氯乙烯变得坚硬且易于撕裂,特别是在低温环境中,并且因此优选的是在本公开的树脂层中不使用氯乙烯。
在不抑制本公开的效果的范围内,本公开的树脂层可包含例如填料、增强材料、抗氧化剂、紫外线吸收剂、光稳定剂、热稳定剂、分散剂、增塑剂、流动改善剂、表面活性剂、均化剂、硅烷偶联剂、催化剂、颜料和染料作为任选组分。
作为本公开的粘合剂层,从耐风性、耐雨性和耐风压性等的角度来看,粘合剂层包含交联剂与(甲基)丙烯酸酯聚合物的反应产物,该(甲基)丙烯酸酯聚合物得自包含单烯键不饱和单体和含羧基基团的不饱和单体的材料,(甲基)丙烯酸酯聚合物的玻璃化转变温度为约-58℃或更高且约-40℃或更低,并且以单烯键不饱和单体和含羧基基团的不饱和单体的总量为100质量%计,含羧基基团的不饱和单体以约3质量%或更多且约10质量%或更少的量掺入。
本公开的装饰膜的粘合剂层不仅在环境温度时而且在低温时具有足够的粘合性,并且因此特别地,即使在交通工具在低温环境下行进的情况下,本公开的装饰膜也可以提供表现出足够的耐风性、耐雨性和耐风压性的外部。虽然本公开的粘合剂层可牢固地粘结到粘附体而不损害粘合性,但当待剥离装饰膜时,即使在长期使用之后,也可剥离粘合剂层而不在粘附体上留下胶(该性能可被称为“可重新剥离性”)。
本公开的粘合剂层由粘合剂形成,优选地压敏粘合剂,包含(甲基)丙烯酸酯聚合物与交联剂的反应产物。(甲基)丙烯酸类聚合物为单烯键不饱和单体与含羧基基团的不饱和单体之间的反应产物。此类(甲基)丙烯酸类聚合物可通过使用聚合引发剂诸如过氧化苯甲酰或偶氮二异丁腈的溶液聚合或本体聚合来制备,或者可通过使用水溶性引发剂诸如过硫酸铵和过硫酸钾的乳液聚合来制备。
(甲基)丙烯酸酯聚合物的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)为约-40℃或更低,并且可期望地为约-42℃或更低、约-44℃或更低、约-47℃或更低、约-52℃或更低或者约-54℃或更低。玻璃化转变温度的下限值不受特别限制,但可为例如约-58℃或更高、约-56℃或更高或者约-57℃或更高。当(甲基)丙烯酸酯聚合物的玻璃化转变温度在该范围内时,即使在装饰膜具有可重新剥离性能的情况下,也可减少诸如与风、雨和风压相关联的隆起的问题。可通过任意选择单烯键不饱和单体的类型和单烯键不饱和单体的共混量来调节玻璃化转变温度。
此处,(甲基)丙烯酸类聚合物的玻璃化转变温度可以通过以下FOX公式来确定,其中此类聚合物由n种类型的单体共聚合而成。
在该公式中,Tgi表示组分i的均聚物的玻璃化转变温度(℃),Xi表示在聚合期间添加的组分i的单体的质量分数,i为1至n的自然数,并且
成立。
单烯键不饱和单体的示例可包括以下化学式的(甲基)丙烯酸酯:
HRaC=CHCOORb
[其中,Ra为H、CH3或C2H5,并且Rb为具有1至14个碳原子的直链或支链烷基基团]。
可以单独使用该单烯键不饱和单体,或者可以组合使用它们中的两种或更多种类型。
从粘合性和可重新剥离性的角度来看,Rb优选地为具有4至14个碳原子的非叔烷基基团。(甲基)丙烯酸酯的均聚物优选地具有约0℃或更低的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)。
(甲基)丙烯酸酯的示例包括(甲基)丙烯酸丁酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2-甲基丁酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2-乙基己酯、(甲基)丙烯酸异辛酯、(甲基)丙烯酸月桂酯、(甲基)丙烯酸正癸酯、(甲基)丙烯酸4-甲基-2-戊酯、(甲基)丙烯酸异戊酯、(甲基)丙烯酸仲丁酯和(甲基)丙烯酸异壬酯。其中,从粘合性、可重新剥离性等角度来看,(甲基)丙烯酸丁酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2-乙基己酯和(甲基)丙烯酸异辛酯是优选的。
单烯键不饱和单体可包括除上述(甲基)丙烯酸酯之外的单体。此类单体的示例包括(甲基)丙烯酸乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酰胺、丙烯腈、甲基丙烯腈、α-烯烃、乙烯基醚、烯丙基醚、苯乙烯、马来酸酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2-羟乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸环己酯、(甲基)丙烯酸叔丁酯、(甲基)丙烯酸苯酯、(甲基)丙烯酸异冰片酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2-苯氧基乙酯、N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮、N-乙烯基己内酰胺和取代的(甲基)丙烯酰胺,诸如N-乙基(甲基)丙烯酰胺、N-羟乙基(甲基)丙烯酰胺、N-辛基(甲基)丙烯酰胺、N-叔丁基(甲基)丙烯酰胺、N,N-二甲基(甲基)丙烯酰胺、N,N-二乙基(甲基)丙烯酰胺和N-乙基-N-二羟乙基(甲基)丙烯酰胺。其中,从粘合性、可重新剥离性等角度来看,丙烯腈和甲基丙烯腈是优选的,并且丙烯腈是更优选的。
以单烯键不饱和单体和含羧基基团的不饱和单体的总量为100质量%计,单烯键不饱和单体可以约90.0质量%或更多、约91.0质量%或更多或者约92.0质量%或更多的量掺入,并且可以约97.0质量%或更少、约96.5质量%或更少或者约97.0质量%的量掺入。
可以单独使用该含羧基基团的不饱和单体,或者可以组合使用它们中的两种或更多种类型。此类不饱和单体的示例包括(甲基)丙烯酸、衣康酸、马来酸和富马酸。
以单烯键不饱和单体和含羧基基团的不饱和单体的总量为100质量%计,含羧基基团的不饱和单体可以约3.0质量%或更多、约3.5质量%或更多或者约4.0质量%或更多的量掺入,并且可以约10.0质量%或更少、约9.0质量%或更少或者约8.0质量%或更少的量掺入。当含羧基基团的不饱和单体的含量在该范围内时,即使在装饰膜具有可重新剥离性能的情况下,也可减少诸如与风、雨和风压相关联的隆起的问题。
本公开的粘合剂层可由交联型粘合剂组合物(特别是压敏粘合剂组合物)形成,该交联型粘合剂组合物包含(甲基)丙烯酸类聚合物与交联剂的反应产物。
可使用例如选自双酰胺化合物和环氧化合物中的至少一者作为交联剂。
双酰胺化合物的示例可包括二元酸的双氮丙啶衍生物,并且可优选地包括由以下化学式表示的芳族双酰胺:
[其中,R1和R3独立地选自H和CnH2n+1(其中n为在1至5范围内的整数),并且R2为选自苯(-C6H4-)、取代的苯、三嗪和CmH2m(其中m为在1至10范围内的整数)以及它们的组合的二价基团]。
落入上述化学式内的特别有用的双酰胺化合物是1,1'-间苯二甲酰-双(2-甲基氮丙啶),如US 4,418,120(Kealy等人)中所述。
可使用脂族环状聚环氧化合物、脂族聚环氧化合物、芳族聚环氧化合物等作为环氧化合物。
可使用例如乙烯基环己烯二氧化物、3,4-环氧环己基甲基-3,4-环氧环己烷羧酸酯和2,2-双(3,4-环氧环己基)丙烷作为脂族环状聚环氧化合物。
可使用例如1,4-双(2,3-环氧丙氧基)丁烷、以及脂族多元醇诸如甘油、聚丙二醇和1,4-丁二醇的聚缩水甘油醚、以及亚油酸二聚体酸的二缩水甘油酯作为脂族聚环氧化合物。
可使用例如双酚A型树脂及其衍生物、双酚F树脂及其衍生物、以及多元酚的其它此类聚缩水甘油醚、以及芳族羧酸的缩水甘油酯以及它们的混合物作为芳族聚环氧化合物。还可使用聚缩水甘油基胺化合物,诸如N,N-二缩水甘油基苯胺、N,N-二缩水甘油基甲苯胺和对-N,N-二缩水甘油氨基苯基缩水甘油醚以及它们的混合物。
相对于(甲基)丙烯酸类聚合物中1当量的羧基基团,交联剂可被设定为约0.08当量或更大或者约0.15当量或更大,并且可被设定为约0.62当量或更小或者约0.50当量或更小。
在不抑制本公开的效果的范围内,本公开的粘合剂层可包含例如填料、增强材料、抗氧化剂、紫外线吸收剂、光稳定剂、热稳定剂、增粘剂、分散剂、增塑剂、流动改善剂、表面活性剂、均化剂、硅烷偶联剂、催化剂、颜料和染料作为任选组分。
本公开的粘合剂层的厚度不限于以下厚度,而是可被设定为例如约5μm或更大、约10μm或更大或者约20μm或更大,并且可被设定为约200μm或更小、约100μm或更小或者约80μm或更小。
本公开的装饰膜不限于以下各项,但根据使用环境、装饰特性等,可进一步包括选自例如装饰层、保护层、增亮层、粘结层和剥离衬垫中的至少一者。
本公开的装饰膜的装饰层的示例包括但不限于:彩色层,该彩色层表现出油漆颜色,例如浅色诸如白色和黄色,或深色诸如红色、棕色、绿色、蓝色、灰色和黑色;图案层,该图案层向制品赋予图案、徽标、设计等,诸如木纹色调、石纹色调、几何图案和皮革图案;浮雕(压印的雕刻图案)层,该浮雕层在表面上设置有不平坦的形状;以及它们的组合。
虽然不限于以下内容,但是装饰层可以直接施加或通过粘结层等施加到构成装饰膜的层的整个表面或一部分,例如保护层、树脂层或粘合剂层。
可使用例如以下材料作为彩色层的材料:颜料诸如无机颜料,诸如炭黑、铅黄、黄色氧化铁、三氧化二铁(Bengala)或红色氧化铁;酞菁颜料,诸如酞菁蓝或酞菁绿;以及分散在粘结剂树脂诸如(甲基)丙烯酸类树脂或聚氨酯树脂中的有机颜料,诸如偶氮色淀颜料、靛蓝颜料、紫环酮颜料、二萘嵌苯颜料、喹酞酮颜料、二噁嗪颜料和喹吖啶酮颜料(诸如喹吖啶酮红)。然而,彩色层的材料并不限于此。其中,从耐冲击性的角度来看,聚氨酯树脂是优选的。
此类材料可用于通过涂布方法(诸如凹版涂布、辊涂、模涂、棒涂和刮涂)来形成彩色层。
作为图案层,可采用通过例如使用印刷方法诸如凹版直接印刷、凹版胶版印刷、喷墨印刷、激光印刷或丝网印刷将图案、徽标、设计或其它此类图案直接施加到保护层、树脂层、粘合剂层等而获得的图案层,或者也可使用通过涂布(诸如凹版涂布、辊涂、模涂、棒涂和刮涂)或通过冲压、蚀刻等形成的具有图案、徽标、设计等的膜、片材等。然而,图案层不限于此。例如,与彩色层中使用的材料类似的材料可用作图案层的材料。
作为浮雕层,可使用在表面上具有通过常规已知方法诸如压印、刮擦、激光加工、干蚀刻或热压等获得的凹凸形状的热塑性树脂膜。浮雕层还可通过以下方式形成:用热固性树脂或可辐射固化树脂诸如可固化(甲基)丙烯酸类树脂涂布具有凹凸形状的剥离衬垫,通过加热或辐射照射进行固化,并且移除剥离衬垫。
浮雕层中使用的热塑性树脂、热固性树脂和可辐射固化树脂不受特别限制,并且可使用例如氟树脂、PET、PEN和其它此类聚酯树脂、(甲基)丙烯酸类树脂、聚乙烯、聚丙烯和其它此类聚烯烃树脂、热塑性弹性体、聚碳酸酯、聚酰胺、ABS树脂、丙烯腈-苯乙烯树脂、聚苯乙烯、氯乙烯和聚氨酯。其中,从诸如耐冲击性的角度来看,聚氨酯是优选的。浮雕层可包含彩色层中使用的颜料中的至少一种颜料。
在不抑制本公开的效果、装饰特性等的范围内,本公开的装饰层可包含例如填料、增强材料、抗氧化剂、紫外线吸收剂、光稳定剂、热稳定剂、分散剂、增塑剂、流动改善剂、表面活性剂、均化剂、硅烷偶联剂和催化剂作为任选组分。
装饰层的厚度不受特别限制,并且可根据所需的装饰特性和所需的隐蔽特性来任意调节。例如,装饰层的厚度可被设定为约1.0μm或更大、约3.0μm或更大或者约5.0μm或更大,并且可被设定为约50μm或更小、约40μm或更小或者约30μm或更小。
为了赋予性能诸如耐候性和耐溶剂性,例如可将保护层施加到本公开的装饰膜的最外表面。保护层优选地为透明或半透明的,使得设置在下层处的装饰层可在视觉上被识别。
虽然可被施加到本公开的装饰膜的保护层的材料不限于以下内容,但是可以单独使用例如(甲基)丙烯酸类树脂(包括聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)和(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚物)、聚氨酯、乙烯-四氟乙烯共聚物(ETFE)、氟树脂(诸如聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)和甲基丙烯酸甲酯-偏二氟乙烯共聚物(PMMA/PVDF))、有机硅树脂、聚氯乙烯(PVC)、聚碳酸酯(PC)、聚乙烯(PE)、聚丙烯(PP)或其它此类聚烯烃、聚酯(诸如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)和聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯(PEN))、以及共聚物(诸如乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物(EAA)及其离聚物、乙烯-丙烯酸乙酯共聚物、以及乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物),或者使用这些材料中的两种或更多种类型的组合作为保护层的材料。
其中,从耐化学品性(耐溶剂性)和/或耐候性的角度来看,使用(甲基)丙烯酸类树脂、聚氨酯树脂、氟树脂和聚氯乙烯是优选的,并且从耐刮擦性和/或作为废料焚烧和掩埋的环境负荷的角度来看,使用(甲基)丙烯酸类树脂和聚氨酯树脂是更优选的,并且聚氨酯树脂是最优选的。
聚氨酯树脂可例如由包含多异氰酸酯和多元醇的聚氨酯树脂组合物获得。
可使用例如包含相对于总多异氰酸酯约0.5当量或更多的异氰脲酸酯主体或异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯的加合物主体或这两者的多异氰酸酯作为多异氰酸酯。此类多异氰酸酯可改善断裂伸长率,并且尤其是高温时的断裂伸长率。
异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯的异氰脲酸酯主体例如以商品名“Desmodur(商品名)Z4370”购自住友拜耳聚氨酯有限公司(Sumitomo Bayer Urethane Co.,Ltd.)或以商品名“IPDI”购自大赛璐-赫兹有限公司(Daicel Hulz Co.,Ltd.)。异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯的加合物主体为异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯和三羟甲基丙烷、三羟甲基乙烷、季戊四醇等的加合物,并且与三羟甲基丙烷的加合物以“Takenate(商品名)D-140N”购自例如武田制药有限公司(TakedaPharmaceutical Co.,Ltd.)。
作为多元醇,可使用例如包含相对于总多元醇约0.4当量或更多的具有约1000或更小的重均分子量的聚酯多元醇的多元醇。此类多元醇可改善断裂伸长率,并且尤其是高温时的断裂伸长率。此处,“重均分子量”是指通过凝胶渗透色谱法(GPC)测量的以聚苯乙烯表示的重均分子量。
优选的聚酯多元醇的示例包括己内酯二醇和聚碳酸酯二醇。可以单独使用这些聚酯多元醇中的一种类型,或者可以组合使用它们中的两种或更多种类型。
聚酯多元醇的具体示例可包括己内酯二醇,诸如“TONE 0201”(购自联合碳化物公司(Union Carbide Corporation);重均分子量为530)、“Placcel(商品名)205”(购自大赛璐化学工业株式会社(Daicel Chemical Industries,Ltd.);重均分子量为530)、“Placcel(商品名)205H”(购自大赛璐化学工业株式会社;重均分子量为530)、“Placcel(商品名)208”(购自大赛璐化学工业株式会社;重均分子量为850)和“Placcel(商品名)210”(购自大赛璐化学工业株式会社;重均分子量为1000)。
任选地,代替这些己内酯二醇或与这些化合物组合,可使用己内酯三醇,诸如“TONE 0301”(购自联合碳化物公司;重均分子量为300)、“TONE 1303”(购自联合碳化物公司;重均分子量为425)、“TONE0305”(购自联合碳化物公司;重均分子量为540)、“Placcel(商品名)305”(购自大赛璐化学工业株式会社;重均分子量为550)和“Placcel(商品名)308”(购自大赛璐化学工业株式会社;重均分子量为850)。
聚碳酸酯二醇的具体示例可包括例如“Nippolan(商品名)981”和“Nippolan(商品名)983”(购自日本聚氨酯工业株式会社(Nippon Polyurethane Industry Co.,Ltd.);重均分子量为1000)、以及“T4671”、“T4691”和“T5651”(均购自旭化成株式会社(Asahi KaseiCorporation);重均分子量为1000)。
当己内酯二醇和聚碳酸酯二醇组合使用时,这些二醇可以各种量比用于聚酯多元醇中。例如,这两者可以约1:约9至约9:约1的当量比使用。此处,当这些二醇以此类比率混合时,该状态下的重均分子量可为约1000或更低、约850或更低或者约750或更低,并且优选地在约500至约600的范围内。
当单独使用己内酯二醇时,己内酯二醇的重均分子量可为约700或更低,并且优选地在约500至约600的范围内。
聚氨酯树脂组合物中的多异氰酸酯和多元醇的当量比不受特别限制,并且可任意调节以获得期望的防护性能。例如,可将多异氰酸酯与多元醇的当量比设定在多异氰酸酯/多元醇=约0.7至约2.0的范围内。当多异氰酸酯与多元醇的当量比在该范围内时,可改善断裂伸长率,尤其是高温时的断裂伸长率。
包含多异氰酸酯和多元醇的聚氨酯树脂组合物可用于通过任意使用已知的技术来制备聚氨酯树脂。例如,聚合可在催化剂共混于聚氨酯树脂组合物中的状态下进行。常用的催化剂可用作此类催化剂,并且例如可使用二月桂酸二丁基锡(DBTDL)催化剂、环烷酸锌、辛酸锌和三亚乙基二胺。相对于100重量%的树脂组合物,催化剂的量可被设定为约0.005质量%至约0.5质量%。用于形成聚氨酯树脂的聚合通常可在约60℃至约160℃的温度时进行。
保护层可为单层结构或者可为多层结构。就多层结构而言,例如,保护层可为由上述树脂形成的膜的层合物,或者可为上述树脂的多层涂层。保护层可具有三维凹凸形状,诸如在保护层的整个表面或一部分上的压印图案。
保护层可通过使用已知的涂布方法(诸如刮涂和棒涂)将树脂组合物直接施加到装饰层上或装饰层上方或者通过粘结层等施加到装饰层上或装饰层上方来形成。保护层的涂布可在将装饰膜施加到粘附体之前或之后进行。另选地,可以用树脂组合物涂布剥离衬垫以形成保护层膜,并且可以通过粘结层将该膜层合在装饰层上。当装饰层相对于形成在剥离衬垫上的保护层膜具有粘合性时,保护层膜也可在不在保护层膜和装饰层之间插入粘结层的情况下直接层合到装饰层上。保护层膜可例如通过以下方式形成:用树脂材料诸如可固化(甲基)丙烯酸类树脂组合物和反应性聚氨酯组合物通过刮涂、棒涂、刀片涂布、刮粉刀涂布(doctor coating)、辊涂或铸涂来涂布剥离衬垫等,并且根据需要执行光固化或热固化。
通过挤出或拉伸预先形成为膜形状的保护层可用作保护层。此类膜可以通过粘结层层合到装饰层上。另选地,当装饰层相对于此类膜具有粘合性时,膜可以在不插入粘结层的情况下直接层合到装饰层上。当具有高平坦度水平的膜用作此类膜时,可赋予结构(交通工具)具有较高表面平坦度的外观。
在不抑制本公开的效果和根据应用的保护性能等的范围内,本公开的保护层可包含例如填料、抗氧化剂、紫外线吸收剂、光稳定剂、热稳定剂、硬涂层材料、光泽度赋予剂、分散剂、增塑剂、流动改善剂、表面活性剂、均化剂、硅烷偶联剂、催化剂、颜料和染料作为任选组分。其中,紫外线吸收剂诸如苯并三唑或Tinuvin(商品名)400(购自巴斯夫股份公司(BASF SE))和受阻胺光稳定剂(HALS)诸如Tinuvin(商品名)292(购自巴斯夫股份公司)可用于有效地防止定位在下层处的装饰层中掺入的着色剂材料(具体地,对光诸如紫外光具有相对高敏感性的有机染料或颜料)的脱色、褪色和劣化。硬涂层材料可被掺入保护层中,或者保护层可单独涂布有硬涂层材料,并且硬涂层材料可作为硬涂层施加。
保护层的厚度不受特别限制,并且可根据所需的保护性能任意调节。例如,保护层的厚度可被设定为约1.0μm或更大、约3.0μm或更大或者约5.0μm或更大,并且可被设定为约50μm或更小、约40μm或更小或者约30μm或更小。
增亮层不限于以下内容,而是可以是这样的层,该层包含选自铝、镍、金、银、铜、铂、铬、铁、锡、铟、钛、铅、锌和锗的金属或者它们的合金或化合物,并且该层通过真空沉积、溅射、离子电镀、电镀等在构成装饰膜的层的整个表面或一部分(例如,包括装饰层的保护层的装饰层或树脂层)上形成。可根据所需的装饰特性、亮度等任意选择增亮层的厚度。
粘结层(可被称为“底漆层”等)可用于接合构成装饰膜的层。可使用例如常用的基于(甲基)丙烯酸类、基于聚烯烃、基于聚氨酯、基于聚酯或基于橡胶的溶剂型、乳液型、压敏型、热敏型、热固性型或紫外线固化型粘合剂作为粘结层。粘结层可通过已知的涂布方法等施加。
在不抑制本公开的效果、装饰特性等的范围内,本公开的粘结层可包含例如填料、增强材料、抗氧化剂、紫外线吸收剂、光稳定剂、热稳定剂、增粘剂、分散剂、增塑剂、流动改善剂、表面活性剂、均化剂、硅烷偶联剂、催化剂、颜料和染料作为任选组分。
粘结层的厚度可被设定为例如约0.05μm或更大、约0.5μm或更大或者约5μm或更大,并且可被设定为约100μm或更小、约50μm或更小或者约20μm或更小。
可使用任何合适的剥离衬垫来保护粘合剂层。典型的剥离衬垫的示例包括由纸张(例如,牛皮纸)以及由聚合物材料(例如,聚烯烃诸如聚乙烯或聚丙烯、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯、聚氨酯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯和其它此类聚酯)制备的那些。可根据需要施加剥离剂(诸如含有机硅的材料或含碳氟化合物的材料)的层作为剥离衬垫。
剥离衬垫的厚度可被设定为例如约5μm或更大、约15μm或更大或者约25μm或更大,并且可被设定为约300μm或更小、约200μm或更小或者约150μm或更小。
本公开的装饰膜可用于交通工具的外部。交通工具不受特别限制,并且交通工具的示例可包括诸如汽车和铁路交通工具(包括线性电机车辆)、轮船和飞机的交通工具。其中,本公开的装饰膜优选地用作高速交通工具(例如,高速铁路交通工具,诸如子弹头列车和线性电机车辆)或以高速行进并且具体地在低温环境中以高速行进的飞机的外部。具体地,由于包括聚氨酯树脂层的装饰膜具有优异的耐冲击性(耐碎裂性),因此装饰膜优选地用作在行进期间易受砂或小石头影响的高速交通工具(例如,高速铁路交通工具,诸如子弹头列车和线性电机车辆)的外部。
根据需要,可通过使用例如刮刀等通过装饰膜的粘合剂层将本公开的装饰膜附接到粘附体(交通工具的外周构件)。粘附体的材料不受特别限制,并且材料的示例可包括诸如铁、铝和不锈钢的金属或它们的金属合金,以及可包括增强纤维等的树脂材料。粘附体的表面可经受表面处理、涂漆等。
本公开的装饰膜可例如通过以下方式来制造:使用涂布方法等在剥离衬垫(诸如其表面已被剥离处理的PET膜)上或者在例如构成装饰膜的树脂层上形成装饰层、粘合剂层等,并且然后根据需要通过粘结层将这些层层合。另选地,可重复涂布步骤和(根据需要)干燥和/或固化步骤,以将每一层依次层合在一个剥离衬垫上。也可通过每一层的材料的多层挤出来形成装饰膜。
将参考图1和图2例示性地描述用于制造本公开的装饰膜的方法的示例,但用于制造装饰膜的方法不限于此。
图1的构型的装饰膜例如通过以下步骤来形成:使用刮刀涂布机等将粘合剂层103施加到剥离衬垫101上,并且然后根据需要进一步施加干燥和/或固化步骤以形成层合物A。装饰膜100可通过将此类层合物A的粘合剂层施加到树脂层105来形成。
图2的构型的装饰膜例如通过以下步骤来形成:使用凹版油墨、凹版涂布方法等将装饰层207施加到树脂层205上,并且根据需要进一步施加干燥和/或固化步骤,并且然后使用刮刀涂布机等将保护层209施加到装饰层207上,并且根据需要进一步施加干燥和/或固化步骤以形成层合物B。装饰膜200可通过以与上述相同的方式制备层合物A,并且将粘合剂层203施加到层合物B的树脂层205来形成。
实施例
本公开的具体实施方案将在以下实施例中举例说明,但是本发明并不限于这些实施方案。除非另有说明,否则所有份数和百分数均基于质量。
实施例中使用的产品等在下面的表1中示出。
[表1]
以表2中所示的共混比混合表1中所示的材料,并且制备用于制备保护层、装饰层和粘合剂层(压敏粘合剂层)的各种涂料溶液。此处,就用于粘合剂层的涂料溶液而言,将单体中的每种单体以表2中所示的比率混合,并且进一步添加0.2质量份的为聚合引发剂的V65,并且在50℃时加热24小时以制备用作涂料溶液的丙烯酸酯聚合物。表2中的数值的单位均为质量份。
[表2]
实施例1
通过使用刮刀涂布机,用装饰层涂料溶液C-1涂布为树脂层的约150μm厚的氨基甲酸酯膜,并且随后通过在80℃时加热10分钟进行干燥,以形成层合物A,该层合物A包括具有约25μm厚度的装饰层。然后,通过使用刮刀涂布机,用保护层涂料溶液P-1涂布氨基甲酸酯膜的装饰层,并且随后通过在80℃时加热3分钟进行干燥,以形成具有约25μm厚度的保护层,并且将剥离衬垫1施加到此类保护层上并在室温时保持三天,以形成层合物B。
通过使用刮刀涂布机,用粘合剂层涂料溶液Ad-1涂布剥离衬垫2,并且随后通过在95℃时加热5分钟进行干燥,以形成层合物C,该层合物C包括具有约30μm厚度的粘合剂层。将层合物C的粘合剂层附连到层合物B的氨基甲酸酯膜的表面以形成装饰膜。
实施例2
以与实施例1相同的方式制备层合物C,并且此类层合物C的粘合剂层附连到具有约150μm厚度的氨基甲酸酯膜的表面以形成实施例2的装饰膜。
实施例3
以与实施例2相同的方式形成实施例3的装饰膜,不同的是使用具有约100μm厚度的氨基甲酸酯膜。
实施例4
以与实施例2相同的方式形成实施例4的装饰膜,不同的是使用具有约188μm厚度的PET膜。
实施例5
以与实施例2相同的方式形成实施例5的装饰膜,不同的是粘合剂层涂料溶液从Ad-1变为Ad-3。
实施例6
以与实施例2相同的方式形成实施例6的装饰膜,不同的是粘合剂层涂料溶液从Ad-1变为Ad-4。
比较例1
以与实施例2相同的方式形成比较例1的装饰膜,不同的是使用具有约50μm厚度的氨基甲酸酯膜。
比较例2
以与实施例2相同的方式形成比较例2的装饰膜,不同的是粘合剂层涂料溶液从Ad-1变为Ad-2。
比较例3
以与实施例2相同的方式形成比较例3的装饰膜,不同的是粘合剂层涂料溶液从Ad-1变为Ad-2,并且使用具有约50μm厚度的氨基甲酸酯膜。
比较例4
3M(商品名)Scotchcal(商品名)膜用作比较例4的装饰膜。此处,此类膜包括具有约55μm厚度的氯乙烯(PVC)膜和具有约30μm厚度的粘合剂层,并且粘合剂层通过使用粘合剂层涂料溶液Ad-1来制备。
比较例5
以与实施例2相同的方式形成比较例5的装饰膜,不同的是粘合剂层涂料溶液从Ad-1变为Ad-5。
物理特性评估测试
通过使用以下方法评估树脂层和装饰膜的特性。
撕裂强度测试
根据JIS K-7128-3,在20℃、5℃和-5℃的三个温度气氛中测量为树脂层的氨基甲酸酯膜、PET膜和氯乙烯膜的撕裂强度。结果在表3中示出。
粘合强度测试
当存在剥离衬垫1时,移除剥离衬垫1,并且将装饰膜与经涂布的膜(PVC覆膜,购自3M公司,产品编号:IJ4116N)层合,并且随后将膜切割成约1英寸×约6英寸的尺寸,并且将装饰膜通过粘合剂层附连到测量为约1英寸×约3英寸的涂漆铝板以制备试件。将获得的试件在约20℃和约65%RH的环境中或在约5℃的环境中静置约24小时,并且随后将试件附接到张力测试仪(RTC-1210A,购自奥利安特科株式会社(Orientec Co.,Ltd.)),并且以约300mm/min的速度相对于铝板成180度的角度牵拉试件,并测量粘合强度。结果在表3中示出。
高压洗涤测试:耐风性、耐雨性和耐风压性
当存在剥离衬垫1时,移除剥离衬垫1,并且随后将装饰膜切割成约15mm×约100mm的尺寸,并且将装饰膜通过粘合剂层附连到涂漆铝板以制备试件。将此类试件固定到金属板,并且使用高压洗涤机(HDS 8/15C,购自阿尔弗雷德·凯驰有限公司(Alfred KarcherGmbH&Co.)将水排放到装饰膜所附连的试件的边缘上达60秒。高压洗涤机的排水条件如下所述。当装饰膜没有变形,并且在试件上没有观察到隆起和剥离时,试件被评估为“优异”。当装饰膜没有变形,但观察到轻微量的隆起或剥离时,试件被评估为“可接受的”。当清楚地观察到装饰膜的变形以及隆起或剥离时,试件被评估为“不可接受的”。结果在表3中示出。
排水条件
液压:约8.0MPa±约2MPa
排水量:约7L/min±约1L/min
相对于试件的排水角度:约20度
喷嘴和试件之间的距离:约100mm
水温:约5℃至约15℃
耐冲击性测试
当存在剥离衬垫1时,移除剥离衬垫1,并且随后将装饰膜切割成约70mm×约70mm的尺寸,并且将装饰膜通过粘合剂层附连到铝板以制备试件。通过使用购自须贺测试仪器株式会社(Suga Test Instruments Co.,Ltd.)的碎石测试仪(JA-400),在以下条件下在约-5℃的环境中,使试件经受耐冲击性测试。
碎石:6号砾石(玄武岩)
碎石重量:500g
空气压力:4kg/cm2
在测试结束之后,将装饰膜从试件剥离。当装饰膜能够被剥离而不撕裂时,装饰膜被评估为“优异”。当装饰膜的一部分被撕裂,但装饰膜能够被剥离时,装饰膜被评估为“可接受的”。当装饰膜被撕裂并且不能被剥离时,装饰膜被评估为“不可接受的”。结果在表3中示出。
对于本领域的技术人员而言将显而易见的是,在不脱离本发明的原理的情况下,可对上述实施方案和实施例进行各种修改。此外,对于本领域的技术人员而言将显而易见的是,在不脱离本发明的主旨和范围的情况下,可对本发明进行各种改进和修改。
参考标记列表
100、200:用于交通工具外部的装饰膜
101、201:剥离衬垫
103、203:粘合剂层
105、205:树脂层
207:装饰层
209:保护层
Claims (6)
1.一种用于交通工具外部的装饰膜,所述膜包括树脂层和粘合剂层;其中
所述树脂层的撕裂强度在20℃时为8.0N或更大;
所述粘合剂层包含交联剂与(甲基)丙烯酸酯聚合物的反应产物,所述(甲基)丙烯酸酯聚合物得自包含单烯键不饱和单体和含羧基基团的不饱和单体的材料;并且
所述(甲基)丙烯酸酯聚合物的玻璃化转变温度为-58℃或更高且-40℃或更低,并且以所述单烯键不饱和单体和所述含羧基基团的不饱和单体的总量为100质量%计,所述含羧基基团的不饱和单体以3质量%或更多且10质量%或更少的量掺入。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装饰膜,其中所述树脂层的撕裂强度在-5℃时为15.0N或更大。
3.根据权利要求1所述的装饰膜,其中所述树脂层的厚度为100μm或更大。
4.根据权利要求1所述的装饰膜,其中所述树脂层包含选自聚氨酯树脂、聚烯烃树脂和聚酯树脂中的至少一者。
5.根据权利要求1所述的装饰膜,所述装饰膜还包括选自保护层和装饰层中的至少一者。
6.根据权利要求1所述的装饰膜,其中所述装饰膜用于铁路交通工具的外部。
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JP2018223648A JP7226977B2 (ja) | 2018-11-29 | 2018-11-29 | 乗物外装用装飾フィルム |
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PCT/IB2019/060237 WO2020110035A1 (en) | 2018-11-29 | 2019-11-27 | Decorative film for vehicle exterior |
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JP7226977B2 (ja) | 2023-02-21 |
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WO2020110035A1 (en) | 2020-06-04 |
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