CN113165139B - 气体喷嘴和气体喷嘴的制造方法以及等离子体处理装置 - Google Patents

气体喷嘴和气体喷嘴的制造方法以及等离子体处理装置 Download PDF

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CN113165139B
CN113165139B CN201980077166.4A CN201980077166A CN113165139B CN 113165139 B CN113165139 B CN 113165139B CN 201980077166 A CN201980077166 A CN 201980077166A CN 113165139 B CN113165139 B CN 113165139B
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gas
gas nozzle
hole
inner peripheral
peripheral surface
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CN113165139A (zh
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野口幸雄
左桥知也
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Abstract

本发明的气体喷嘴具备引导气体的管状的供给孔、和连接于该供给孔的喷射孔,是由该喷射孔喷射所述气体的、以稀土元素的氧化物、氟化物或氧氟化物或以钇铝复合氧化物为主成分的陶瓷或单晶所形成的气体喷嘴,其中,形成所述供给孔的内周面的算术平均粗糙度Ra,所述气体的流出侧一方比流入侧小。

Description

气体喷嘴和气体喷嘴的制造方法以及等离子体处理装置
技术领域
本发明涉及气体喷嘴和等离子体处理装置。
背景技术
历来,在半导体、液晶制造中的蚀刻和成膜等的各工序中,利用等离子体对被处理物实施处理。在此工序中,会使用含有反应性高的氟系、氯系等卤族元素的腐蚀性气体。因此,用于半导体、液晶制造装置的与腐蚀性气体和其等离子体接触的构件,要求有高耐腐蚀性。作为这样的构件,在专利文献1中提出有一种Y2O3烧结体气体喷嘴,其中,腐蚀性气体流通的内表面是烧成状态的面,曝露在腐蚀性气体或腐蚀性气体的等离子体下的外表面被粗糙化。该外表面的粗糙化由喷丸处理形成。
在专利文献2中记载有一种气体喷嘴,其以氧化钇为主成分,将经由CIP成形法得到的成形体,在大气气氛中以1400℃以上且1700℃以下进行烧成后,通过磨削加工形成贯通孔而成。而且,在专利文献2中,在图2中显示,贯通孔由管状的供给孔和连接于供给孔的喷射孔构成,喷射孔与供给孔相比为短径。
在先技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开2007-63595号公报
专利文献2:国际公开2013/065666号公报
如专利文献1所示,通过由研磨粒子进行的喷丸处理而使外表面粗糙化而成的气体喷嘴,进入到气体喷嘴的贯通孔内的研磨粒子容易固着在内表面。因此,若腐蚀性气体在贯通孔内通过,则存在该研磨粒子重新成为微粒而浮置于等离子体空间的问题。
专利文献2所示的气体喷嘴,在从供给孔流入喷射孔的附近,气体的通风阻力上升。于是,伴随该通风阻力的上升,有可能微粒从形成供给孔的内周面发生,浮置在等离子体空间。此外,若供给孔细长化,则还有难以通过磨削加工形成供给孔的问题。
另一方面,近来,伴随半导体的高集成化,半导体的内部结构的微细化推进,内存配线宽度例如变窄至10nm以下。若内存配线宽度处于10nm以下,则至今未引起注意的、直径为0.2μm以下的微细的粒子会对内存配线和半导体元件造成损伤。伴随这样的问题,就必须减少比从专利文献1和2所提出的气体喷嘴中发生的微粒更微细的粒子的发生。
发明内容
本发明其目的在于,提供一种可以减少微细的粒子的发生,特别是减少在气体从供给孔流入喷射孔的附近的微细的粒子发生的气体喷嘴和等离子体处理装置。
本发明的气体喷嘴具备:引导气体的管状的供给孔;和连接于该供给孔的喷射孔,是由该喷射孔喷射所述气体的、由以稀土元素的氧化物、氟化物或氧氟化物,或者以钇铝复合氧化物为主成分的陶瓷或单晶所形成的气体喷嘴,其中,形成所述供给孔的内周面的算术平均粗糙度Ra,与所述气体的流入侧相比,流出侧的一方小。
本发明的气体喷嘴的制造方法,包括:对于以稀土元素的氧化物、氟化物或氧氟化物,或者以钇铝复合氧化物为主成分的颗粒进行加压成形而得到成形体的工序;对于所述成形体实施切削加工,得到形成有供给孔用导孔和喷射孔用导孔的前驱体的工序;烧成所述前驱体而得到烧结体的工序;通过磨粒流研磨法对所述烧结体的至少形成所述供给孔的内周面进行研磨的工序。
本发明的气体喷嘴的制造方法包括:对以稀土元素的氧化物、氟化物或氧氟化物,或者以钇铝复合氧化物为主成分的颗粒进行加压成形而得到成形体的工序;得到前驱体的工序,其中,所述前驱体是使用具有设有螺旋状的槽的第一刀柄的第一切削工具,在所述成形体上形成供给孔用导孔和喷射孔用导孔后,使用在第二刀柄的前端侧安装有与第二刀柄的直径相比具有大直径的圆板状的刀片的第二切削工具,对于至少形成供给孔用导孔的内周面进行切削加工而得到;烧成所述前驱体而得到烧结体的工序。
本发明的气体喷嘴的制造方法包括:培养以稀土元素的氧化物、氟化物或氧氟化物,或者以钇铝复合氧化物为主成分的圆柱状的单晶锭块的工序;对于所述单晶锭块实施珩磨加工、超声波旋转加工或磨削加工而形成所述供给孔和所述喷射孔的工序;运用磨粒流研磨法对所述单晶锭块的至少形成所述供给孔的内周面进行研磨的工序。
本发明的等离子体处理装置包括上述气体喷嘴。
本发明的气体喷嘴,能够减少微细的粒子的发生。
附图说明
图1是使用本发明的一个实施方式的气体喷嘴的等离子体处理装置的一例的剖视图。
图2表示用于图1所示的等离子体处理装置的一个实施方式的气体喷嘴,(a)是立体图,(b)是(a)的A1-A1线的剖视图。
图3表示用于图1所示的等离子体处理装置的其他的实施方式的气体喷嘴,(a)是立体图,(b)是(a)的底视图,(c)是B1-B1线的剖视图。
具体实施方式
以下,参照附图对于本发明的气体喷嘴和等离子体处理装置详细说明。图1是表示使用本发明的一个实施方式的气体喷嘴的等离子体处理装置的一例的剖视图。
图1所示的等离子体处理装置1,例如,是通过等离子体CVD法在半导体晶圆、玻璃基板等的基板5上形成薄膜,或对该薄膜实施蚀刻处理的装置。等离子体处理装置1具备:用于形成薄膜的反应室2;向反应室2导入等离子体生成用气体、蚀刻气体等的气体的气体导入管3;在反应室2的内部与气体导入管3连接的气体喷嘴4;载置基板5的具有内部电极6的静电吸盘等的基板保持部7;与内部电极6电连接的偏压电源8;用于在反应室2的内部生成等离子体的线圈9和电源10。偏压电源8、线圈9和电源10,均设于反应室2的外部。偏压电源8是向内部电极6供给高频电力的电源。线圈9和电源10,是对于供给到反应室2的气体进行放电的放电机构。
这样的等离子体处理装置1中,在基板5的上方,从气体喷嘴4导入的气体,通过线圈9和电源10而被等离子体化。通过被等离子体化的气体,在基板5上形成薄膜,或对该薄膜进行蚀刻处理。例如,在基板5上形成包含氧化硅(SiO2)的薄膜时,供给硅烷(SiH4)气、氩(Ar)气和氧(O2)气等的等离子体生成用气体,进行蚀刻处理时,供给SF6、CF4、CHF3、ClF3、NF3、C3F8、C4F8、HF等的氟系气体,Cl2、HCl、BCl3、CCl4等的氯系气体等的蚀刻气体。
图2表示用于图1所示的等离子体处理装置的一个实施方式的气体喷嘴的一例,(a)是立体图,(b)是(a)的A1-A1线的剖视图。图3表示用于图1所示的等离子体处理装置的一个实施方式的气体喷嘴,(a)是立体图,(b)是(a)的底视图,(c)是B1-B1线的剖视图。
图2和3所示的气体喷嘴4具备引导气体的管状的供给孔11、和连接于供给孔11的喷射孔12,是从喷射孔12喷射气体的、以稀土元素的氧化物、氟化物或氧氟化物(以下,有将“稀土元素的氧化物、氟化物和氧氟化物”记述为“稀土元素的化合物”的情况),或者以钇铝复合氧化物为主成分的陶瓷或单晶所形成的气体喷嘴。
气体喷嘴4例如形成为圆柱状,供给孔11沿着气体喷嘴4的轴心而在圆周上设有多个(图2所示的例子中为4个),在各个供给孔11上连接有喷射孔12。供给孔11具有供给气体的供给口13,喷射孔12具有喷射气体的喷射口14。供给孔11为细长状,占气体喷嘴4的全长的60%以上。供给孔11,例如长度为10mm以上且100mm以下,直径为1mm以上且20mm以下。
喷射孔12,以其轴心向气体喷嘴4的外周侧倾斜的方式连接于供给孔11。喷射孔12比供给孔11短。喷射孔12的直径比供给孔11的直径小。喷射孔12,例如长度为1mm以上且10mm以下,直径为0.1mm以上且2mm以下。从气体导入管3导入到供给口13的气体,经由供给孔11和喷射孔12,从喷射口14喷射到反应室2的内部而被扩散。
图3所示的气体喷嘴4,是喷射口14侧形成为半球状的圆柱状。半球状的部分的半径,例如为20mm~50mm。在供给口13侧的轴心,形成有凹部15,该凹部15是为了安装于反应室2。图3所示的气体喷嘴4,除了图2所示的气体喷嘴4的结构以外,在供给孔11与喷射孔12之间,还具备临时储存气体的环状的存储部16。若具备存储部16,则喷射孔12相对于供给孔11的定位变得容易,还能够防止供给到供给口13的气体的倒流。
在此,本发明中的所谓主成分,是指在构成陶瓷或单晶的100质量%的成分之中,占90质量%以上的成分。
稀土元素的化合物,特别是氧化钇、氧化镱、氧化钬、氧化镝、氧化铒、氟化钇、氟化镱、氟化钬、氟化镝、氟化铒、氧氟化钇、氧氟化镱、氧氟化钬、氧氟化镝和氧氟化铒,是对于等离子体生成用气体G有高耐腐蚀性的成分。本发明的气体喷嘴,稀土元素的化合物的含量越高,耐腐蚀性越高。特别是稀土元素的化合物的含量,可以为98.0质量%以上,99.5质量%以上,进一步为99.9质量%以上。
形成本发明的气体喷嘴的陶瓷或单晶,除主成分以外,也可以含有例如硅、铁、铝、钙和镁之中至少一种元素。硅的含量以SiO2换算为300质量ppm以下,铁的含量以Fe2O3换算为50质量ppm以下,铝的含量以Al2O3换算为100质量ppm以下,钙和镁的含量分别以CaO和MgO换算的合计为350质量ppm以下。此外,也可以使碳的含量为100质量ppm以下。
构成陶瓷或单晶的成分,通过使用了CuKα射线的X射线衍射装置(XRD)确定后,使用X射线荧光分析装置(XRF)或ICP发光分光分析装置(ICP),求得元素的含量,换算成所确定的成分的含量即可。关于碳的含量,使用碳分析装置求得即可。
本发明的气体喷嘴4,形成供给孔11的内周面的算术平均粗糙度Ra,与气体的流入侧相比,流出侧一方小。若是这样的构成,则在气体的流出侧(向喷射孔12的连接部邻域)由于内周面的表面性状引起的气体的通风阻力的上升受到抑制。因此,能够减少以内周面为起点的微细的粒子的发生。
在此,内周面的气体的流入侧和流出侧其算术平均粗糙度Ra之差,优选为0.06μm以上,特别优选为0.8μm以上。内周面的算术平均粗糙度Ra,可以由气体的流入侧朝向流出侧逐渐减小。若是这样的构成,则相比内周面的算术平均粗糙度Ra从气体的流入侧朝向流出侧阶段性减少的情况而言,供给孔11内的气体的流动接近层流。因此,以内周面为起点的微细的粒子更难以发生。
算术平均粗糙度Ra从气体的流入侧朝向流出侧的逐渐减小,也可以是指数函数的或一次函数的。若是这样的构成,则算术平均粗糙度Ra的逐渐减小是规则性的,因此供给孔11内的气体的流动接近层流。因此,以内周面为起点的微细的粒子更进一步难以发生。
在此,算术平均粗糙度Ra,使用具有依据JIS B 0601:2013的测量模式的激光显微镜装置求得即可。测量的取样,例如,是供给孔11的供给口13邻域、向喷射孔12的连接部邻域和中央部的至少3个取样即可。设定近似函数(指数函数、一次函数等)时和计算后述的算术平均粗糙度Ra的偏度时,将供给孔11的供给口13邻域、向喷射孔12的连接部邻域作为两端,使各取样间的间隔均等而提取10个以上的样品即可。
表示算术平均粗糙度Ra的逐渐减小的近似函数(指数函数、一次函数等),使用Excel(注册商标,Microsoft Corporation)所具备的图形工具设定后,计算相关系数R。然后,使用r表(相关系数检验表),以显著性水平5%(两侧概率)检验相关系数R。如果有显著性,则可确定表示算术平均粗糙度Ra的逐渐减小的近似函数(指数函数、一次函数等)。
气体的流入侧的算术平均粗糙度Ra也可以是2.5μm以下。若气体的流入侧的算术平均粗糙度Ra在这一范围,则内周面整体更平坦,因此可抑制因表面性状引起的气体的通风阻力的上升。因此,能够降低以内周面为起点的微细的粒子的发生。
在此,供给孔的气体的流入侧的算术平均粗糙度Ra,比喷射孔的气体的流入侧的算术平均粗糙度Ra小,其相差0.2μm以上即可。内周面的算术平均粗糙度Ra的偏度也可以为0以上。若内周面的算术平均粗糙度Ra的偏度在此范围,则算术平均粗糙度Ra的最频值(mode)小于算术平均粗糙度Ra的平均值。因此,能够减少以内周面为起点的微细粒子发生的部分。
所谓偏度Sk,是分布从正态分布偏斜多少的指标,即表示分布的左右对称性的指标(统计量)。偏度Sk>0时,分布的尾朝向右侧。偏度Sk=0时,分布呈左右对称。偏度Sk<0时,分布的尾朝向左侧。内周面的算术平均粗糙度Ra的偏度Sk,使用Excel(注册商标,Microsoft Corporation)所具备的函数SKEW求得即可。
接下来,对于本发明的一个实施方式的气体喷嘴的制造方法进行说明。首先,气体喷嘴由陶瓷形成时,在以纯度为99.9质量%以上的稀土元素的化合物或钇铝复合氧化物为主成分的粉末中加入纯水和分散剂。之后,用珠磨机粉碎混合而得到浆料。以稀土元素的化合物或钇铝复合氧化物为主成分的粉末的的平均粒径为1.2μm以下。
其次,在浆料中添加有机粘合剂并搅拌后,对浆料进行喷雾干燥,得到以稀土元素的化合物或钇铝复合氧化物为主成分的颗粒。将该颗粒填充到成形模具后,使用单轴加压成形法或冷等静压成形法(CIP成形法)等的成形法,加压成形为圆柱状而得到成形体。
对于该成形体实施切削加工,得到形成有供给孔用导孔和喷射孔用导孔的前驱体。对该前驱体依次进行脱脂、烧成,由此能够得到烧结体。在此,烧成气氛为大气气氛,烧成温度为1500℃以上且1800℃以下,保持时间为2小时以上且4小时以下即可。前驱体脱脂后,也可以使烧成气氛为氮气气氛、氩气气氛或氦气气氛,使烧成温度为1500℃以上且1800℃以下,使保持时间为2小时以上且4时间以下,使压力为20MPa以上且25MPa以下而进行加压烧结。
使用磨粒流研磨法对烧结体的至少形成供给孔的内周面进行研磨,由此能够得到本发明的气体喷嘴。具体来说,将含有震凝流体和研磨粒子的粘弹性介质从供给口侧向供给孔的内部一边加压一边导入。所谓震凝流体,是指若加压则随时间增稠的流体。作为研磨粒子,例如使用由氧化铝、氧化铈、氧化锆、不锈钢、玻璃等构成的修正莫氏硬度为12以下的球状粒子即可。
为了得到内周面的算术平均粗糙度Ra从气体的流入侧朝向流出侧逐渐减小的气体喷嘴,例如,使用平均粒径为90μm以上且350μm以下的上述球状粒子,使粘弹性研磨介质100体积%中的粒子的浓度为2体积%以上且16体积%而进行研磨即可。
为了得到算术平均粗糙度Ra从气体的流入侧朝向流出侧的逐渐减小是指数函数或一次函数的气体喷嘴,例如,使用平均粒径为150μm以上且350μm以下的上述球状粒子,使粘弹性研磨介质100体积%中的粒子的浓度为2体积%以上且16体积%而进行研磨即可。
为了得到气体的流入侧的算术平均粗糙度Ra为2.5μm以下的气体喷嘴,例如使用平均粒径为302.5μm(粒度#60)的氧化铝的球状粒子,使粘弹性研磨介质100体积%中的粒子的浓度为8体积%,研磨5分钟以上即可。
为了得到内周面的算术平均粗糙度Ra的偏度Sk为0以上的气体喷嘴,例如,使用平均粒径为302.5μm(粒度#60)的氧化铝的球状粒子,使粘弹性研磨介质100体积%中的粒子的浓度为8体积%,研磨7分钟以上即可。
由上述制造方法得到的、形成供给孔的内周面的算术平均粗糙度Ra,例如,气体的流入侧(供给孔的供给口邻域)为1.84μm,中央部为0.61μm,气体的流出侧(向喷射孔的连接部邻域)为0.56μm。
以上,展示了通过磨粒流研磨法对形成供给孔的内周面进行研磨的情况。但是,也可以不用磨粒流研磨法,而是分成两个阶段进行切削加工。这种情况具体来说,就是使用具有设有螺旋状的槽的第一刀柄的第一切削工具,在上述成形体上形成供给孔用导孔和喷射孔用导孔。其后,使用在第二刀柄的前端安装有与第二刀柄的直径相比具有大直径的圆板状的刀片的第二切削工具,对于至少形成供给孔用导孔的内周面进行切削加工而得到前驱体即可。
第一刀柄,根据供给孔用导孔和喷射孔用导孔的各直径,采用不同直径的即可。第一刀柄,在形成供给孔用导孔时,从供给口侧插入即可,在形成喷射孔用导孔时,从喷射口侧插入即可。第二刀柄也可以从供给口侧插入。
设于第一刀柄的螺旋状的槽用于排出切屑。通过使用安装有与第二刀柄的直径相比具有大直径的圆板状的刀片的第二切削工具,在刀片的切削加工面相反侧,可形成用于高效率进行切屑排出的空间,因此内周面的表面性状良好。
经二阶段的切削加工得到的前驱体,通过由上述的方法脱脂烧成,能够得到作为烧结体的气体喷嘴。也可以根据需要,对于所得到的气体喷嘴的两端面实施磨削加工。
由上述制造方法得到的、形成供给孔的内周面的算术平均粗糙度Ra,例如,气体的流入侧(供给孔的供给口邻域)为1.92μm,中央部为1.39μm,气体的流出侧(向喷射孔的连接部邻域)为1.02μm。也可以不通过切削加工在成形体上形成喷射孔用导孔,而是对烧结体实施珩磨加工、超声波旋转加工或磨削加工而形成喷射孔。
本发明的气体喷嘴由单晶形成时,首先,培养以稀土元素的化合物或钇铝复合氧化物为主成分的、圆柱状的单晶锭块。单晶锭块,例如通过CZ法(柴氏拉晶法,提拉法)、FZ法(浮区法)等的单晶培养法形成即可。对于该单晶锭块,实施珩磨加工、超声波旋转加工或磨削加工而形成供给孔和喷射孔后,通过使用上述的磨粒流研磨法对至少形成供给孔的内周面进行研磨,由此能够得到本发明的气体喷嘴。
由上述任意一个制造方法得到的气体喷嘴,都可抑制在气体的流出侧(向喷射孔的连接部邻域)因内周面的表面性状引起的气体的通风阻力的上升。其结果是,能够减少以内周面为起点的微细的粒子的发生。
本发明不受前述的实施方式限定,在不脱离本发明的要旨的范围可以进行各种变更、改良、组合等。
符号说明
1 等离子体处理装置
2 反应室
3 气体导入管
4 气体喷嘴
5 基板
6 内部电极
7 基板保持部
8 偏压电源
9 线圈
10 电源
11 供给孔
12 喷射孔
13 供给口
14 喷射口
15 凹部
16 存储部

Claims (9)

1.一种气体喷嘴,其具备引导气体的管状的供给孔、和连接于该供给孔且与所述供给孔相比直径小的喷射孔,是从该喷射孔喷射所述气体的、以稀土元素的氧化物、氟化物或氧氟化物为主成分,或以钇铝复合氧化物为主成分的陶瓷或单晶所形成的气体喷嘴,其中,关于形成所述供给孔的内周面的算术平均粗糙度Ra,所述气体的流出侧一方比流入侧小,
所述内周面的算术平均粗糙度Ra从所述气体的流入侧朝向流出侧逐渐减小。
2.根据权利要求1所述的气体喷嘴,其中,从所述气体的流入侧朝向流出侧的、所述算术平均粗糙度Ra的逐渐减小,是指数函数的或一次函数的。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的气体喷嘴,其中,所述气体的流入侧的所述算术平均粗糙度Ra为2.5μm以下。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的气体喷嘴,其中,所述内周面的算术平均粗糙度Ra的偏度Sk为0以上。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的气体喷嘴,其中,在所述供给孔与所述喷射孔之间具备临时储存所述气体的环状的存储部。
6.一种权利要求1~5中任一项所述的气体喷嘴的制造方法,其中,包括:
对于以稀土元素的氧化物、氟化物或氧氟化物为主成分,或者以钇铝复合氧化物为主成分的颗粒进行加压成形而得到成形体的工序;
对于所述成形体实施切削加工,得到形成有供给孔用导孔和与所述供给孔用导孔相比直径小的喷射孔用导孔的前驱体的工序;
将所述前驱体进行烧成而得到烧结体的工序;
通过磨粒流研磨法对所述烧结体的至少形成所述供给孔的内周面进行研磨,从而使所述内周面的算术平均粗糙度Ra从所述气体的流入侧朝向流出侧逐渐减小的工序。
7.一种权利要求1~5中任一项所述的气体喷嘴的制造方法,其中,包括:
对于以稀土元素的氧化物、氟化物或氧氟化物为主成分,或者以钇铝复合氧化物为主成分的颗粒进行加压成形而得到成形体的工序;
得到前驱体的工序,其中,所述前驱体是使用具有设有螺旋状的槽的第一刀柄的第一切削工具,在所述成形体上形成供给孔用导孔和与所述供给孔用导孔相比直径小的喷射孔用导孔后,使用在第二刀柄的前端侧安装有与第二刀柄的直径相比具有大直径的圆板状的刀片的第二切削工具,对于至少形成供给孔用导孔的内周面进行切削加工从而使所述内周面的算术平均粗糙度Ra从所述气体的流入侧朝向流出侧逐渐减小而得到;
烧成所述前驱体而得到烧结体的工序。
8.一种权利要求1~5中任一项所述的气体喷嘴的制造方法,其中,包括:
培养以稀土元素的氧化物、氟化物或氧氟化物为主成分,或者以钇铝复合氧化物为主成分的圆柱状的单晶锭块的工序;
对于所述单晶锭块实施珩磨加工、超声波旋转加工或磨削加工而形成所述供给孔和与所述供给孔相比直径小的所述喷射孔的工序;
运用磨粒流研磨法对所述单晶锭块的至少形成所述供给孔的内周面进行研磨从而使所述内周面的算术平均粗糙度Ra从所述气体的流入侧朝向流出侧逐渐减小的工序。
9.一种等离子体处理装置,其中,包含权利要求1~5中任一项所述的气体喷嘴。
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