CN113099958A - Slope ecological restoration method - Google Patents
Slope ecological restoration method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113099958A CN113099958A CN202110379077.4A CN202110379077A CN113099958A CN 113099958 A CN113099958 A CN 113099958A CN 202110379077 A CN202110379077 A CN 202110379077A CN 113099958 A CN113099958 A CN 113099958A
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a slope ecological restoration method, which specifically comprises the following steps: (1) leveling the top end of the side slope after cleaning the side slope; (2) building a drainage groove at the upper end of the side slope, and building a gentle belt between the drainage groove and the side slope; (3) paving meshes on the side slope, and carrying out compound organic matter spray seeding; (4) digging planting holes on the side slope, and planting climbing plants in an embedded mode. The slope ecological restoration method is a slope ecological restoration method for planting customized climbing plants in an embedded mode after compound organic matters are sprayed and sown, and has the advantages of preventing landslide and water and soil loss and guaranteeing evergreen slope bodies in winter.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological restoration, particularly relates to a slope ecological restoration method, and particularly relates to a slope ecological restoration method for planting customized climbing plants in an embedded mode after compound organic matters are sprayed and sown.
Background
At present, slope restoration is carried out in a spray-seeding mode, plant seeds are mainly added into a spray-seeding matrix, after the spray-seeding is finished, the seeds germinate and grow, and ecological restoration of the slope is finished through the growth of the root systems of the plants in the spray-seeding matrix and on the slope. Under the condition, a longer time difference exists from the beginning of spraying to the in-place growth of the plants, and the landscape effect of the side slope is poorer in the period, namely a landscape blank period; in addition, the plant seeds adopted by spray seeding are generally leguminous plant seeds or grass seeds, and the situation of fallen leaves and deserted turnip exists in the winter in the north, so the evergreen effect in winter cannot be achieved.
CN109137938A provides a rock slope ecological restoration method, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: step 1) trimming a slope opening gradient surface, step 2) opening a groove, step 3) scanning by a radar, step 4) anchoring a fastening mechanism, step 5) laying a steel wire mesh, step 6) building and repairing the slope, step 7) filling biomass, mixing crushed straws and organic matrix according to a ratio of 2:1 and filling the mixture into the bottom of the square groove and the bottom of the groove, wherein the filling thickness is not less than 25cm, and then spreading crushed stone on the mixture, wherein the particle size of the crushed stone is not more than 5cm, and the thickness of the crushed stone is not more than 25 cm; then filling soil foundation on the crushed stone layer; and 8) green planting cultivation, namely planting vine plants in the square grooves and planting shrubs or goose palms in the grooves. The rock slope is finished, so that the later falling of rock strata cannot occur, the falling danger due to long-term shearing force is avoided, and the rock slope is not suitable for the situation that leaves fall and waste in winter in the north.
CN110541423A discloses an ecological restoration system and method for a high and steep bare rock slope, which comprises a first plastic-coated steel wire hook flower net, a soil layer, an ecological restoration planting mat, a seedling substrate layer and a second plastic-coated steel wire hook flower net from inside to outside on the slope surface of the high and steep bare rock slope; the ecological restoration method comprises the steps of carrying out loose gravel risk elimination on the slope surface of the high and steep bare rock slope, cleaning and leveling the slope surface; drilling holes on the slope surface and embedding anchor rods; hanging and fixing a first plastic-coated steel wire crocheted net and a U-shaped geogrid wing groove on the anchor rod; spraying soil in and between the U-shaped geogrid wing grooves; hanging and fixing an ecological restoration planting pad and a second plastic-covered steel wire hook flower net on the anchor rod; spray seeding seedling substrate and the like. The recovery method also has the problem that the method is not suitable for the situation that fallen leaves and waste trees exist in the winter of the north.
Therefore, the development of a more effective slope ecological restoration method is the focus of research in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a slope ecological restoration method, in particular to a slope ecological restoration method for planting customized climbing plants in an embedded mode after compound organic matters are sprayed and sown.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the present invention provides a slope ecological restoration method, including the following steps:
(1) leveling the top end of the side slope after cleaning the side slope;
(2) building a drainage groove at the upper end of the side slope, and building a gentle belt between the drainage groove and the side slope;
(3) paving meshes on the side slope, and carrying out compound organic matter spray seeding;
(4) digging planting holes on the side slope, and planting climbing plants in an embedded mode.
The slope ecological restoration method for planting the customized climbing plants in an embedded mode after the compound organic matters are sprayed and sown fundamentally solves two problems which are frequently encountered by the traditional spraying and sowing, and firstly, the slope has due landscape effect after construction is finished without waiting for the growth period of plant seeds; and evergreen climbing plants such as ivy, euonymus fortunei and the like can realize evergreen in winter of the side slope. In addition, the used climbing plants can provide a more perfect ecological system for the side slope after further growth, avoid the problems of vegetation degradation, side slope re-exposure, water and soil loss and the like which can occur after a plurality of years of traditional spray seeding, and have strong engineering practicability and ecological functionality. Wherein, the gentle area built in the step (2) is the natural landform of the side slope after the slope is cleared.
Preferably, in step (1), the cleaning the side slope comprises cleaning rubble and/or weeds.
Preferably, in the step (1), the cleaning slope is cleaned by mechanical equipment and/or manual work;
preferably, in the step (1), the leveled slope has soil with caked surfaces, and the step of crushing and transporting away is further required.
In the invention, the step (1) is specifically as follows: and organizing mechanical equipment and manually cleaning the side slope at the place where the stones slide down on the side slope, removing original broken stones and weeds, leveling the top end of the side slope, and crushing and conveying away the soil agglomerated on the surface of the side slope.
Preferably, in the step (2), the distance between the drainage groove and the top end of the side slope is 1.5-2m, such as 1.5m, 1.6m, 1.7m, 1.8m, 1.9m, 2m, etc.
Preferably, in the step (2), the distance between the gentle belt and the drainage groove is 1.5-2m, and may be 1.5m, 1.6m, 1.7m, 1.8m, 1.9m, 2m, and the like, for example.
In the invention, the step (1) is specifically as follows: and (3) building a drainage groove at the upper end of the side slope after the step (1) is finished, wherein the distance between the drainage groove and the top end of the side slope is 1.5-2m, and a gentle belt is built between the drainage groove and the side slope.
Preferably, in the step (3), the mesh comprises a flexible protective mesh and/or a crocheted mesh.
Preferably, the length of the flexible protection net is 3-5m (for example, may be 3m, 3.5m, 4m, 4.5m, 5m, etc.), and the width of the flexible protection net is 3-5m (for example, may be 3m, 3.5m, 4m, 4.5m, 5m, etc.).
Preferably, the length of the hook net is 15-20m (for example, 15m, 16m, 17m, 18m, 19m, 20m, etc.), and the width of the hook net is 1.5-2m (for example, 1.5m, 1.6m, 1.7m, 1.8m, 1.9m, 2m, etc.).
Preferably, in the step (3), the step of laying the mesh sheet comprises the following specific steps: firstly, flower hooking nets and flexible protective nets are laid according to the technical requirements of compound organic matter spray seeding, the positions of transverse and longitudinal supporting ropes are calculated according to the slope and the sizes of the protective nets, the protective nets are laid in the spaces of (4-5) m (for example, the length x the width can be 4 x 4m, 4.5 x 4.5m, 4 x 5m, 5 x 5m and the like) reserved in the middles of the transverse and longitudinal supporting ropes, after all the protective nets are laid, all the protective nets are sewn and tensioned by sewing ropes, and finally, the protective nets are fixed by small bayonets, the edges of each flower hooking net are overlapped by 15-25cm (for example, 15cm, 16cm, 18cm, 20cm, 22cm, 25cm and the like), and after the flower hooking nets are laid, the flower hooking nets are fixed by wood anchors and/or round steel bars.
According to the invention, the crocheted net and the flexible protective net are laid according to the technical requirement of the composite organic matter spray seeding, so that the stability of the surface rock-soil body is improved, the occurrence of collapsed rockfall is prevented as much as possible, and a small part of rockfall is limited in a certain space to form the moving grid net, so that the collapse of small-size rock blocks is prevented or the damage of local rock-soil bodies is limited.
Preferably, in the step (3), the thickness of the composite organic matter spray-seeding is 8-12cm, and may be 8cm, 9cm, 10cm, 11cm, 12cm and the like, for example.
Preferably, in the step (3), the composite organic matter is formed by mixing crop straws, peat, granulating agents, stabilizers, rice hulls, paper scraps, compound fertilizers, planting soil and water-retaining agents.
Preferably, the granulating agent is a water treatment polymeric flocculant.
Preferably, the stabilizer is a soil stabilizer.
Preferably, the compound fertilizer is a finished product organic compound fertilizer for common agriculture.
Preferably, the planting soil is natural soil after sieving, and the mesh number of the planting soil is less than or equal to 3 meshes, such as 3 meshes, 2.5 meshes, 2 meshes, 1.5 meshes, 1 mesh, 0.5 meshes and the like.
Preferably, the water retention agent is a super absorbent resin.
Preferably, the composite organic matter comprises the following components in percentage by mass based on the total mass of the composite organic matter being 100%: peat 0.9-1.1%, aggregate 0.35-0.65%, stabilizer 0.26-0.30%, rice husk 1.02-1.08%, paper scrap 0.3-0.5%, compound fertilizer 0.15-0.19%, planting soil 96-98% and water-retaining agent 0.35-0.65%.
The peat content may be 0.9 to 1.1%, for example, 0.9%, 0.95%, 1.0%, 1.05%, 1.1%, or the like, based on 100% by mass of the total composite organic matter.
The aggregate content is 0.35 to 0.65%, for example, 0.35%, 0.4%, 0.45%, 0.5%, 0.55%, 0.6%, 0.65%, etc., based on 100% by mass of the total composite organic matter.
The content of the stabilizer is 0.26 to 0.30%, for example, 0.26%, 0.27%, 0.28%, 0.29%, 0.30%, or the like, based on 100% by mass of the total composite organic matter.
The rice hull content may be, for example, 1.02% to 1.08%, for example, 1.02%, 1.03%, 1.04%, 1.05%, 1.06%, 1.07%, 1.08%, or the like, based on 100% by mass of the total composite organic matter.
The content of paper dust is 0.3 to 0.5%, for example, 0.3%, 0.35%, 0.4%, 0.45%, 0.5%, or the like, based on 100% by mass of the total mass of the composite organic matter.
The content of the compound fertilizer is 0.15-0.19% by taking the total mass of the compound organic matter as 100%, and can be 0.15%, 0.16%, 0.17%, 0.18%, 0.19% and the like, for example.
The content of the planting soil is 96-98% based on the total mass of the composite organic matter being 100%, and can be 96%, 96.5%, 97%, 97.5%, 98% and the like, for example.
The content of the water retaining agent is 0.35 to 0.65%, for example, 0.35%, 0.4%, 0.45%, 0.5%, 0.55%, 0.60%, 0.65%, or the like, based on 100% by mass of the total composite organic matter.
Preferably, in the step (3), the spraying further comprises spraying plant seeds.
Preferably, in step (3), the plant seeds are herbaceous plant seeds, preferably festuca arundinacea seeds and/or ryegrass seeds.
Preferably, in step (3), the plant seeds need to be subjected to soaking sterilization: soaking plant seeds in strong chlorine aqueous solution, stirring at 25-30 deg.C (such as 25 deg.C, 26 deg.C, 27 deg.C, 28 deg.C, 29 deg.C, 30 deg.C) for 10-15min (such as 10min, 11min, 12min, 13min, 14min, 15min, etc.), and standing for 20-30min (such as 20min, 21min, 22min, 23min, 24min, 25min, 26min, 27min, 28min, 29min, 30min, etc.).
Preferably, the concentration in the strong aqueous solution of chlorine is 0.05 to 0.3 wt%, and may be, for example, 0.05 wt%, 0.1 wt%, 0.15 wt%, 0.2 wt%, 0.25 wt%, 0.3 wt%, etc.
In the invention, when the plant seeds are sprayed, the seeds are also screened, the seeds with full grains are selected, then the seeds are soaked and sterilized, finally the seeds are taken out, and the seeds of tall fescue and ryegrass are mixed into a spray-sowing machine when the seeds are sprayed.
Preferably, in the step (3), the spraying amount of the plant seeds is 50-80g/m2For example, it may be 50g/m2、55g/m2、60g/m2、65g/m2、70g/m2、75g/m2、80g/m2And the like.
Preferably, in step (4), the diameter of the planting hole is 5-15cm (for example, 5cm, 6cm, 7cm, 8cm, 9cm, 10cm, 11cm, 12cm, 13cm, 14cm, 15cm, etc.), and the distance between each planting hole is 45-55cm (for example, 45cm, 46cm, 47cm, 48cm, 49cm, 50cm, 51cm, 52cm, 53cm, 54cm, 55cm, etc.).
Preferably, in step (4), the climbing plant comprises any one or a combination of at least two of ivy, euonymus fortunei or humifuse euphorbia herb.
Preferably, in step (4), the length of the climbing plant stem is 40-60m, such as 40m, 42m, 44m, 46m, 48m, 50m, 52m, 54m, 56m, 58m, 60m, etc.
In the invention, the specification of the seedlings of the selected ivy and euonymus fortunei is 40-60m, the ivy and euonymus fortunei are evergreen in all-weather environment, negative vines can also grow in all-sunlight environment, grow well under warm and humid climate conditions, have strong cold resistance, are usually used for vertical greening in various parts of the south and north, and grow vertically or in a covering manner by natural adhesion.
In the invention, when planting, the specification of the selected nursery stock of the humifuse is 40-60m, the humifuse belongs to a perennial large deciduous wood vine plant, the adaptability of the humifuse is strong, the humifuse likes the humid environment, but is not afraid of strong light, cold resistance, drought resistance, barren resistance and wide climate adaptability, the humifuse can keep a semi-evergreen or evergreen state in the south and winter in a warm temperature zone, the greening coverage area is large, the humifuse is a preferred plant for vertical greening, the vertical greening is also called as climbing greening, and the greening mode is a greening mode for climbing and growing to a building or a shed frame by using the climbing plant.
Preferably, in the step (4), the following steps are carried out after the embedded planting climbing plant is finished: compacting the matrix around the planted climbing plant, regularly watering and maintaining the nursery stock thoroughly, checking the survival state of the nursery stock after planting for 30-40 days (such as 30 days, 32 days, 34 days, 36 days, 38 days, 40 days and the like), and replanting the nursery stock which does not survive.
The regular watering maintenance of the nursery stock refers to the watering maintenance of the nursery stock at intervals of 0.5-3 days, for example, 0.5 day, 1 day, 1.5 days, 2 days, 3 days and the like, preferably at intervals of 2 days.
In the invention, when the seedlings are planted, the finished customized seedlings are planted in the planting holes in an embedded mode, then the peripheral matrix of the plant is pressed and compacted, so that the nutrition pot of the plant and the matrix are integrated, the wind resistance of the seedlings is enhanced, and then the seedlings are watered.
Preferably, step (4) is followed by step (5): after planting, watering, fertilizing and maintaining the top end of the side slope, the side slope and the flat belt.
In the invention, the step (5) is specifically as follows: after the seedlings are planted, the top end of the side slope, the side slope and the gentle belt are watered and fertilized, and the lawn is maintained at regular time so as to repair the lawn in time. After the saplings survive, the saplings do not need to be watered regularly, development of sapling root systems is facilitated, side slopes can be fastened conveniently, and soil loss is prevented.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) according to the slope ecological restoration method, after the saplings survive, regular watering of the saplings is not needed, development of the root systems of the saplings is facilitated, the slope is convenient to fasten, and soil loss is prevented;
(2) according to the slope ecological restoration method, the slope plant landscape effect can be displayed after the slope plant landscape effect construction is finished, and the process of plant seed germination and growth is not required to be waited; the side slope in the north can be restored to achieve the evergreen effect in winter.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a specific structure of a drainage gutter according to the present invention;
wherein, 1 is waterproof mortar plastering, 2 is brick wall, and 3 is bedrock.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further explained by the following embodiments. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the examples are only for the understanding of the present invention and should not be construed as the specific limitations of the present invention.
The sources of the components in the following examples are as follows: peat (manufacturer: Shandong Da Fengyuan biological fertilizer Co., Ltd.), granulating agent (manufacturer: Ninghua North chemical industry Co., Ltd., Ningpo, model: RQ-808), stabilizer (manufacturer: Shandong Han is environmental protection science and technology Co., Ltd., model: SCA-2), rice hull (manufacturer: Xinghua Yisheng biomass energy Co., Ltd.), paper scrap (manufacturer: Zhongguan Zhongrui paper industry Co., Ltd.), compound fertilizer (manufacturer: Shidanli, model: slow release fertilizer), planting soil (a proper soil source is found near a construction site for soil screening processing), water-retaining agent (manufacturer: Guangzhou Green alliance ecological science and technology Co., Ltd., model: RQ-350) and strong chlorine (manufacturer: Henan Shuangqian water treatment equipment Co., Ltd.).
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a concrete structure of the drainage channel of the present invention, wherein the drainage channel is composed of a waterproof mortar surface and a brick wall as shown in FIG. 1, two ends of the bottom surface of the drainage channel are respectively connected with the channel walls, the cross section of the channel formed by the channel walls and the bottom surface is trapezoidal, and the included angle between the bottom surface and the channel walls is 100-
Example 1
The embodiment provides a slope ecological restoration method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) organizing mechanical equipment and manually cleaning the side slope at the place where stones slide down on the side slope, removing original broken stones and weeds, leveling the top end of the side slope, and crushing and conveying away soil agglomerated on the surface of the side slope;
(2) building a drainage groove at the upper end of the side slope, wherein the distance from the drainage groove to the top end of the side slope is 2m, and a gentle belt is built between the drainage groove and the side slope and has a distance from the drainage groove to 2 m;
(3) firstly, paving a flower hooking net and a flexible protective net according to the technical requirement of compound organic matter spray seeding (according to the field requirement of a side slope), calculating the position of a transverse longitudinal supporting rope according to the size of the slope and the protective net, wherein the size of the protective net is 4m multiplied by 4m, a 4.5m multiplied by 4.5m space is reserved in the middle of the transverse longitudinal supporting rope, paving the protective net, sewing and tensioning gaps of all the protective nets by using sewing ropes after the paving of all the protective nets is finished, finally, fixing by using a small bayonet, overlapping 20cm at the edge of each flower hooking net, fixing by using a wood anchoring part and 10cm round steel after the paving of the 20m multiplied by 2m flower hooking net is finished, and finally, spray seeding of compound organic matter and plant seeds by;
the spraying thickness of the composite organic matter is 10cm, and the composite organic matter comprises the following components in percentage by mass based on the total mass of the composite organic matter as 100 percent: 1.0% of peat, 0.5% of aggregating agent, 0.28% of stabilizing agent, 1.05% of rice husk, 0.4% of paper scrap, 0.16% of compound fertilizer, 97% of planting soil and 0.5% of water-retaining agent;
the treatment method of the plant seeds comprises the following steps: firstly, screening high-quality festuca arundinacea seeds and/or ryegrass seeds, selecting the seeds with full grains, then soaking and sterilizing the seeds, adding strong chlorine essence into water at the temperature of 25 ℃, then uniformly stirring for 15min, standing for 25min, finally taking out the seeds, and mixing the seeds of the festuca arundinacea and the ryegrass into a spray-sowing machine when the seeds are sprayed according to the mass ratio of 1: 1.
(4) Firstly, digging planting holes on a side slope, wherein the distance between every two planting holes is 50cm, the diameter of each planting hole is 10cm, planting the climbing plant of the ivy, the euonymus fortunei and the humifuse euphorbia which is specially customized and cultured in advance and is wrapped by a non-woven fabric nutrition pot with the diameter of 8cm in an embedded mode, and the average length of the climbing plant stem is 50 m; pressing and compacting a matrix around the plant after the embedded planting is finished, so that a nutrition pot of the plant and the matrix layer are integrated, watering and maintaining the nursery stock regularly, checking the survival state of the nursery stock when 35 days after the planting is finished, and replanting the nursery stock which does not survive;
(5) after the seedlings are planted, the top end of the side slope, the side slope and the gentle belt are watered and fertilized, and the lawn is maintained at regular time so as to repair the lawn in time.
The effect is as follows: according to the slope ecological restoration method, after the saplings survive, regular watering of the saplings is not needed, development of the root systems of the saplings is facilitated, the slope is convenient to fasten, and soil loss is prevented; the plant covering effect of the side slope is immediately presented after the construction is finished, and the plant covering effect can be presented without waiting for a long process of plant seed germination and growth; realize the evergreen effect of side slope restoration in the north in winter. Wherein the vegetation coverage rate is 85%, the plant survival rate is 90%, and the soil organic matter content is 50%.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a slope ecological restoration method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) organizing mechanical equipment and manually cleaning the side slope at the place where stones slide down on the side slope, removing original broken stones and weeds, leveling the top end of the side slope, and crushing and conveying away soil agglomerated on the surface of the side slope;
(2) building a drainage groove at the upper end of the side slope, wherein the distance between the drainage groove and the top end of the side slope is 1.5m, and a gentle belt is built between the drainage groove and the side slope and is 1.5m away from the drainage groove;
(3) firstly, paving a flower hooking net and a flexible protective net according to the technical requirement of compound organic matter spray seeding (according to the field requirement of a side slope), calculating the position of a transverse longitudinal supporting rope according to the size of the slope and the protective net, wherein the size of the protective net is 4m multiplied by 4m, a 4.5m multiplied by 4.5m space is reserved in the middle of the transverse longitudinal supporting rope, paving the protective net, sewing and tensioning gaps of all the protective nets by using sewing ropes after the paving of all the protective nets is finished, finally, fixing by using a small bayonet, overlapping 20cm at the edge of each flower hooking net, fixing by using a wood anchoring part and 10cm round steel after the paving of the 20m multiplied by 2m flower hooking net is finished, and finally, spray seeding of compound organic matter and plant seeds by;
the spraying thickness of the composite organic matter is 10cm, and the composite organic matter comprises the following components in percentage by mass based on the total mass of the composite organic matter as 100 percent: 1.0% of peat, 0.5% of aggregating agent, 0.28% of stabilizing agent, 1.05% of rice husk, 0.4% of paper scrap, 0.16% of compound fertilizer, 97% of planting soil and 0.5% of water-retaining agent;
the treatment method of the plant seeds comprises the following steps: firstly, screening high-quality festuca arundinacea seeds and/or ryegrass seeds, selecting the seeds with full grains, then soaking and sterilizing the seeds, adding strong chlorine essence into water at the temperature of 30 ℃, then uniformly stirring for 10min, standing for 20min, finally taking out the seeds, and mixing the seeds of the festuca arundinacea and the ryegrass into a spray-sowing machine when the seeds are sprayed according to the mass ratio of 1: 1.
(4) Firstly, digging planting holes on a side slope, wherein the distance between every two planting holes is 50cm, the diameter of each planting hole is 10cm, planting the climbing plant of the ivy, the euonymus fortunei and the humifuse euphorbia which is specially customized and cultured in advance and is wrapped by a non-woven fabric nutrition pot with the diameter of 8cm in an embedded mode, and the average length of the climbing plant stem is 50 m; pressing and compacting a matrix around the plant after the embedded planting is finished, so that a nutrition pot of the plant and the matrix layer are integrated, watering and maintaining the nursery stock regularly, checking the survival state of the nursery stock when 35 days after the planting is finished, and replanting the nursery stock which does not survive;
(5) after the seedlings are planted, the top end of the side slope, the side slope and the gentle belt are watered and fertilized, and the lawn is maintained at regular time so as to repair the lawn in time.
The effect is as follows: according to the slope ecological restoration method, after the saplings survive, regular watering of the saplings is not needed, development of the root systems of the saplings is facilitated, the slope is convenient to fasten, and soil loss is prevented; the plant covering effect of the side slope is immediately presented after the construction is finished, and the plant covering effect can be presented without waiting for a long process of plant seed germination and growth; realize the evergreen effect of side slope restoration in the north in winter. Wherein the vegetation coverage rate is 85%, the plant survival rate is 90%, and the soil organic matter content is 50%.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a slope ecological restoration method, which is different from the embodiment 1 only in that the seeds in the step (3) are only festuca arundinacea seeds, the total seeding rate of the seeds is unchanged, and other steps are the same as the embodiment 1;
the effect is as follows: according to the slope ecological restoration method, after the saplings survive, regular watering of the saplings is not needed, development of the root systems of the saplings is facilitated, the slope is convenient to fasten, and soil loss is prevented; the plant covering effect of the side slope is immediately presented after the construction is finished, and the plant covering effect can be presented without waiting for a long process of plant seed germination and growth; the evergreen effect of restoring the northern side slope is realized in winter; wherein the vegetation coverage rate is 85%, the plant survival rate is 90%, and the soil organic matter content is 50%.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a slope ecological restoration method, which is different from the embodiment 1 only in that the seeds in the step (3) are only ryegrass seeds, the total seeding rate of the seeds is unchanged, and other steps are the same as the embodiment 1;
the effect is as follows: according to the slope ecological restoration method, after the saplings survive, regular watering of the saplings is not needed, development of the root systems of the saplings is facilitated, the slope is convenient to fasten, and soil loss is prevented; the plant covering effect of the side slope is immediately presented after the construction is finished, and the plant covering effect can be presented without waiting for a long process of plant seed germination and growth; realize the evergreen effect of side slope restoration in the north in winter. Wherein the vegetation coverage rate is 85%, the plant survival rate is 90%, and the soil organic matter content is 50%.
Example 5
The embodiment provides a slope ecological restoration method, which is different from the embodiment 1 only in that in the step (4), climbing plants are only planted in ivy, the total planting amount of the climbing plants is unchanged, and other steps are the same as the embodiment 1;
the effect is as follows: according to the slope ecological restoration method, after the saplings survive, regular watering of the saplings is not needed, development of the root systems of the saplings is facilitated, the slope is convenient to fasten, and soil loss is prevented; the plant covering effect of the side slope is immediately presented after the construction is finished, and the plant covering effect can be presented without waiting for a long process of plant seed germination and growth; the evergreen effect of restoring the northern side slope is realized in winter; wherein the vegetation coverage rate is 85%, the plant survival rate is 90%, and the soil organic matter content is 50%.
Example 6
The embodiment provides a slope ecological restoration method, which is different from the embodiment 1 only in that in the step (4), climbing plants are only planted in the humifuse euphorbia, the total planting amount of the climbing plants is unchanged, and other steps are the same as the embodiment 1;
the effect is as follows: according to the slope ecological restoration method, after the saplings survive, regular watering of the saplings is not needed, development of the root systems of the saplings is facilitated, the slope is convenient to fasten, and soil loss is prevented; the plant covering effect of the side slope is immediately presented after the construction is finished, and the plant covering effect can be presented without waiting for a long process of plant seed germination and growth; the evergreen effect of restoring the northern side slope is realized in winter; wherein the vegetation coverage rate is 85%, the plant survival rate is 90%, and the soil organic matter content is 50%.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example provides a slope vegetation ecological restoration method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) cleaning the side slope by using an excavator, removing original weeds, leveling the top end of the side slope, crushing and conveying away soil agglomerated on the surface of the side slope, then spreading additional soil with the thickness of 10cm, and leveling the side slope;
(1) building a soil retaining bank at the lower end of the side slope, wherein a drainage channel is arranged on the soil retaining bank, the distance between the soil retaining bank and the lower end of the side slope is 0.8m, and a gentle band is maintained between the soil retaining bank and the side slope;
(3) firstly digging planting holes at the top end of a side slope, wherein the distance between every two planting holes is 1.2m, then digging the planting holes on the side slope, wherein the distance between every two planting holes is 1.4m, then placing a triangular frame body in each planting hole, backfilling soil to fix the frame body, enabling the upper end of the frame body to be flush with the surface of the side slope, and finally digging the planting holes on a gentle band, wherein the distance between every two planting holes is 0.4 m;
(4) when raining, planting cherry trees in planting holes dug at the top ends of the side slopes, planting metasequoia in the frame body, planting Chinese holly in the planting holes dug on the gentle belts, watering the seedlings at regular intervals, checking the survival state of the seedlings when 30 days later than planting, and replanting the metasequoia which does not survive;
(5) after the saplings are planted, watering and fertilizing are carried out on the top of the side slope, the side slope and the flat belt, tall fescue is planted, and after planting is finished, the lawn is maintained at regular time so as to repair the lawn in time. Wherein the selected compost is prepared by mixing crop straws, weeds, fallen leaves, excrement and urine, peat and water;
the effect is as follows: the plant covering effect of the side slope can not be realized immediately after the construction is finished, and the plant covering effect can be shown only after the long process of the germination and growth of plant seeds is waited; and the evergreen effect of the northern slope restoration can not be realized in winter.
The applicant states that the slope ecological restoration method is described by the above embodiments, but the invention is not limited to the above embodiments, that is, the invention is not limited to the above embodiments. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that any modification of the present invention, equivalent substitutions of the raw materials of the product of the present invention, addition of auxiliary components, selection of specific modes, etc., are within the scope and disclosure of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A slope ecological restoration method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) leveling the top end of the side slope after cleaning the side slope;
(2) building a drainage groove at the upper end of the side slope, and building a gentle belt between the drainage groove and the side slope;
(3) paving meshes on the side slope, and carrying out compound organic matter spray seeding;
(4) digging planting holes on the side slope, and planting climbing plants in an embedded mode.
2. The ecological restoration method for side slopes according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the side slope cleaning comprises cleaning crushed stones and/or weeds;
preferably, in the step (1), the cleaning slope is cleaned by mechanical equipment and/or manual work;
preferably, in the step (1), the leveled slope has soil with caked surfaces, and the step of crushing and transporting away is further required.
3. The ecological slope restoration method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in the step (2), the distance from the drainage groove to the top end of the slope is 1.5-2 m;
preferably, in the step (2), the distance between the gentle belt and the drainage groove is 1.5-2 m.
4. The slope ecological restoration method according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein in the step (3), the mesh comprises a flexible protective mesh and/or a crocheted mesh;
preferably, the length of the flexible protective net is 3-5m, and the width of the flexible protective net is 3-5 m;
preferably, the length of the crocheted net is 15-20m, and the width of the crocheted net is 1.5-2 m.
5. The slope ecological restoration method according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein in the step (3), the concrete step of laying the mesh sheet is as follows:
firstly, flower hooking nets and flexible protective nets are laid according to the technical requirements of compound organic matter spray seeding, the positions of transverse and longitudinal supporting ropes are calculated according to the slope and the sizes of the protective nets, a (4-5) mx (4-5) m space is reserved between the transverse and longitudinal supporting ropes for laying the protective nets, after all the protective nets are laid, gaps of all the protective nets are sewn and tensioned by sewing ropes, finally, the protective nets are fixed by small bayonets, the edges of each flower hooking net are overlapped by 15-25cm, and after the flower hooking nets are laid, the flower hooking nets are fixed by wood anchoring parts and/or round steel.
6. The slope ecological restoration method according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein in the step (3), the thickness of the compound organic matter spray seeding is 8-12 cm;
preferably, in the step (3), the composite organic matter is formed by mixing crop straws, peat, granulating agents, stabilizers, rice hulls, paper scraps, compound fertilizers, planting soil and water-retaining agents;
preferably, the granulating agent is a water treatment polymeric flocculant;
preferably, the stabilizer is a soil stabilizer;
preferably, the compound fertilizer is a finished product organic compound fertilizer for common agriculture;
preferably, the planting soil is screened natural soil, and the mesh number of the planting soil is less than or equal to 3 meshes;
preferably, the composite organic matter comprises the following components in percentage by mass based on the total mass of the composite organic matter being 100%: peat 0.9-1.1%, aggregate 0.35-0.65%, stabilizer 0.26-0.30%, rice husk 1.02-1.08%, paper scrap 0.3-0.5%, compound fertilizer 0.15-0.19%, planting soil 96-98% and water-retaining agent 0.35-0.65%.
7. The slope ecological restoration method according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein in step (3), the spray seeding further comprises spray seeding of plant seeds;
preferably, in the step (3), the plant seeds are herbaceous plant seeds, preferably festuca arundinacea seeds and/or ryegrass seeds;
preferably, in step (3), the plant seeds need to be subjected to soaking sterilization: soaking plant seeds in strong chlorine aqueous solution, stirring at 25-30 deg.C for 10-15min, and standing for 20-30 min;
preferably, the concentration of the strong chlorine aqueous solution is 0.05-0.3 wt%;
preferably, in the step (3), the spraying amount of the plant seeds is 50-80g/m2。
8. The slope ecological restoration method according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein in the step (4), the planting holes have a diameter of 5-15cm, and the distance between every two planting holes is 45-55 cm;
preferably, in the step (4), the climbing plant comprises any one or a combination of at least two of ivy, euonymus fortunei or humifuse euphorbia;
preferably, in step (4), the length of the climbing plant stem is 40-60 m.
9. The slope ecological restoration method according to any one of claims 1-8, wherein in step (4), the following steps are carried out after the embedded planting climbing plants are finished: compacting the matrix around the planted climbing plants, regularly watering and maintaining the seedlings thoroughly, checking the survival state of the seedlings after planting for 30-40 days, and replanting the seedlings which do not survive.
10. The slope ecological restoration method according to any one of claims 1-9, further comprising step (5) after step (4): after planting, watering, fertilizing and maintaining the top end of the side slope, the side slope and the flat belt.
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