CN111480482A - Quick and lasting revegetation method for high and steep rocky slope vegetation - Google Patents
Quick and lasting revegetation method for high and steep rocky slope vegetation Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
- A01G9/033—Flat containers for turf, lawn or the like, e.g. for covering roofs
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/27—Pulp, e.g. bagasse
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
- E02D17/202—Securing of slopes or inclines with flexible securing means
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
- E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
Abstract
The invention discloses a quick and lasting revegetation method for high and steep rocky slope vegetation, which comprises the following steps: (1) shaping and checking the slope surface, and removing dangerous rocks; (2) paving a protective net along the whole slope from top to bottom, fixing the protective net on the side slope by adopting a grouting anchor rod, and arranging a transverse ecological belt and a longitudinal ecological belt between the protective net and the slope; (3) v-shaped planting grooves are cast on the slope surface in situ; (4) spraying a side slope matrix layer onto the protective net, fixing a coconut fiber net on the matrix layer by using U-shaped nails, and spraying organic materials mixed with grass seeds on the coconut fiber net; (5) and backfilling soil in the V-shaped planting groove, and planting vines and shrubs. The ecological belt, the planting groove and the net hanging spraying and mixing technology have the advantages that the defects that the base material is easy to wash, the greening effect is slow, the greening is not uniform and the greening effect is difficult to last in the conventional greening technology are overcome through the synergistic effect of the ecological belt, the planting groove and the ecological belt, the stability and the lasting nutrition supply of the side slope are improved, and the quick and lasting greening of the steep rocky side slope can be realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mine slope greening, in particular to a quick and lasting greening method for vegetation on a high and steep rocky slope.
Background
In the engineering construction of highways, railways, mines, water conservancy and the like, a large amount of earth and stone excavation operation is often accompanied, the original ecological environment is destroyed, a large amount of exposed slopes are caused, and the serious water and soil loss and the unbalance of the ecological environment are caused. Because the slope formed by the projects is slow in restoring ecological balance speed by the self force of the nature, needs a long time, and cannot be restored basically for the high and steep rocky slope, engineering measures are needed to be taken to carry out engineering protection and ecological greening treatment on the slope so as to prevent the slope from being damaged and water and soil loss, preserve water sources, purify air and beautify the environment.
At present, the common methods for greening the domestic high and steep rocky slopes comprise net hanging spray seeding, ecological bag (blanket) greening, pit (groove) type greening, step (slope rate) greening, suspension type greening and the like. The net hanging spray seeding matrix is easy to be washed away or fall off by rainwater, the survival rate of vegetation is low, and the greening effect is not durable; the ecological bag (blanket) and pit (groove) type slow effect and can not realize quick green recovery; the suspension type greening management requirement is high, and the greening effect is not durable; the step type green recovering cost is too high, and the construction difficulty is high; the single greening technology is difficult to adapt to the greening technology requirement of the steep rocky slope, and the composite greening technology becomes a research focus. Chinese patent publication No. CN109440788A discloses a three-dimensional ecological restoration method for rock slope of surface mine, which combines slope greening and platform greening, so that arbor, shrub and grass three-dimensional greening can be well completed on the rock slope. Although the method can realize three-dimensional greening, the plant growth is slow, the greening effect is slow, the plant growth bags laid on the side slopes are not bonded with the slope surfaces, landslide disasters easily occur due to rain and water immersion, and the method is usually applied to the side slopes with the slopes of 1: 1-1: 0.75, and is difficult to apply to high and steep side slopes which are nearly vertical or chamfered.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems existing in the existing high and steep rocky slope re-greening, the invention aims to provide a quick and lasting re-greening method for vegetation on the high and steep rocky slope, which overcomes the defects of easy washing of a base material, slow greening effect, non-uniform greening and difficult and lasting re-greening effect in the conventional greening technology through the synergistic effect of an ecological zone, a planting tank and a net hanging spraying and mixing technology, improves the stability and lasting nutrient supply of the slope through the arrangement of the planting tank and the ecological zone, and can realize quick and lasting re-greening of the high and steep rocky slope.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a quick and lasting re-greening method for vegetation on a high and steep rocky slope comprises the following steps:
(1) shaping and checking the slope surface, and removing dangerous rocks;
(2) paving a protective net along the whole slope from top to bottom, fixing the protective net on the side slope by adopting a grouting anchor rod, and arranging a transverse ecological belt and a longitudinal ecological belt between the protective net and the slope;
(3) v-shaped planting grooves are cast on the slope surface in situ;
(4) spraying a side slope matrix layer onto the protective net, fixing a coconut fiber net on the matrix layer by using U-shaped nails, and spraying organic materials mixed with grass seeds on the coconut fiber net;
(5) and backfilling soil in the V-shaped planting groove, and planting vines and shrubs.
Preferably, in the step (1), the slope has a gradient of 73-120 degrees, and the dangerous rock is manually pried to be removed, mechanically or demolished by adopting a manual investigation method.
Preferably, in the step (2), the protective net is a 14# galvanized wire net, the lap joint width of two adjacent wire nets is not less than 15cm, and the wire net exceeds the top and the foot of the slope by not less than 50 cm.
Preferably, in the step (2), the grouting anchor rod is phi 14 deformed steel, the longitudinal and transverse spacing is 1-2 m, the length of the anchor rod is 1.2-2.0 m, and the tail end of the exposed slope surface of the anchor rod is 7-shaped.
Preferably, in the step (2), the ecological belt is formed by processing polypropylene or polyester fiber double-sided ironing needle-punched non-woven fabrics, planting soil is wrapped in the ecological belt, the size of the ecological belt is phi 5-10 cm, the length of the ecological belt is 1-5 m, the longitudinal distance of the ecological belt is 1-2 m, the transverse distance of the ecological belt is 1-2 m, and the longitudinal length and the transverse length of the ecological belt are connected and arranged according to the actual size of the side slope.
More preferably, the planting soil in the ecological zone comprises the following components: straw fiber: humus: peat: powder of Ye powder: long-acting compound fertilizer: slow release fertilizer: calcium superphosphate: water-retaining agent 100: 1-3: 80-100: 50-70: 30-50: 0.5-0.7: 0.75-0.8: 0.5-0.7: 0.18-0.2 by mass ratio.
Preferably, in the step (3), the distance between anchor rod holes of the V-shaped planting grooves is 0.5-1.0 m, the hole depth is 0.8-1.0 m, the grouting anchor rod is phi 14 deformed steel, the length of the grouting anchor rod is 1.2-2.0 m, phi 8 transverse ribs are distributed on the grouting anchor rod, the distance is 100-300 mm, and the grouting anchor rod is bound by iron wires; the V-shaped planting groove is of a reinforced concrete structure, C25 concrete is adopted for pouring, the grouting strength is not lower than M20, the grouting pressure is not lower than 0.2MPa, the thickness of the plate groove is 6-8 cm, the width is 50-80 cm, the included angle between the plate groove and the slope is 45-60 degrees, the longitudinal distance between the V-shaped planting groove and the slope is 1-2M, the V-shaped planting groove is transversely and continuously poured, an expansion joint is arranged, the width of the joint is 20-30 mm, the distance between the V-shaped planting groove and the slope is 10-15M, and a deep asphalt reinforcement.
Preferably, in the step (3), HDPE perforated pipes with the diameter of 100mm are buried in the V-shaped planting grooves to be used as water collecting pipes, and the outside of each pipe is wrapped by 300g/m2Non-woven fabrics are used as a reverse filtering layer; the bottom of the V-shaped planting groove is provided with water draining holes, HDPE pipes with the diameter of 50-80 mm are adopted, the transverse distance is 5m, the included angle between the water draining holes and the slope surface is 30-45 degrees, the water draining hole inlet is provided with a reverse filtering bag with the diameter not less than 50mm, gravel is filled in the reverse filtering bag through gauze, and the vertical distance between the water draining hole inlet and the slope surface is 150-200 mm.
Preferably, in the step (4), the side slope matrix layer is prepared according to the ratio of local mellow soil: straw fiber: humus: peat: long-acting compound fertilizer: water-retaining agent: binder 100: 1-3: 80-100: 50-70: 0.5-0.7: 0.18 to 0.2: 0.18-0.2, and the spraying thickness of the side slope matrix layer is 8-12 cm.
Preferably, in the step (4), the spraying thickness of the organic material mixed with the grass seeds is 3-5 cm, and the addition amount of the grass seeds is 0.2-0.5 g/m3The grass seeds are combined in cold and warm seasons and are bermuda grass: paspalum natatum: and (3) magnolia multiflora: and (3) ryegrass: tall fescue: 1-3: 2-5: 1-3: 4-8: 4-7 of mixed grass seeds.
Preferably, in the step (5), the backfill soil is prepared according to the following formula: straw fiber: wood powder: peat: powder of Ye powder: long-acting compound fertilizer: slow release fertilizer: calcium superphosphate: water-retaining agent: nitrogen-fixing bacteria: rhizobia 100: 1-3: 80-100: 50-70: 30-50: 0.5-0.7: 0.75-0.8: 0.5-0.7: 0.01-0.03: 0.01-0.03 weight ratio.
Preferably, in the step (5), the vine is at least one of Japanese creeper, kudzu and polygonum praeparatum, the shrub is at least one of wild chrysanthemum, oleander, peony, albizia julibrissin and rose, and the planting method of the vine and the shrub is as follows: climbing tigers are planted in the V-shaped planting grooves and climb on the side close to the slope surface, kudzu and/or polygonum capitatum flowers are planted in the V-shaped planting grooves and droop on the side far away from the slope surface, and the planting distance of vine plants is 1-1.5 m; the shrubs are planted in the middle of the V-shaped planting groove at intervals of 2-4 m, grass seeds are sown in the middle of the shrubs, and the grass seeds are combined in cold and warm seasons and are bermudagrass: paspalum natatum: and (3) magnolia multiflora: and (3) ryegrass: tall fescue: 1-3: 2-5: 1-3: 4-8: 4-7 of mixed grass seeds.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the ecological belt, the planting groove and the net hanging spraying and mixing technology have the advantages that the defects that the base material is easy to wash, the greening effect is slow, the greening is not uniform and the greening effect is difficult to last in the conventional greening technology are overcome through the synergistic effect of the ecological belt, the planting groove and the ecological belt, the stability and the lasting nutrition supply of the side slope are improved, and the quick and lasting greening of the steep rocky side slope can be realized.
2. According to the invention, on the basis of traditional net hanging and spraying, a layer of coconut fiber net is arranged, so that the adhesive force between the substrate layer and the slope is enhanced, rainstorm scouring is prevented, and the coconut fiber net is degraded into organic matters at the later stage to provide nutrients for vegetation growth.
3. The ecological belt arranged on the side slope can reduce the downward sliding force of the slope base material, improve the stability of the side slope and simultaneously avoid large-area landslide. The planting soil in the ecological zone is rich in organic matters, and the fertilizer can be provided for plant growth in the later period. The ecological zone has a certain water retention function, can absorb and store rainwater infiltrated from the side slope in rainy season, and is slowly released in dry season, thereby being beneficial to plant growth.
4. According to the invention, the planting grooves are built on the side slope, the slope stability is further enhanced by using the protruding structures formed by the planting grooves, and the climbing up and down functions of the lianas planted in the planting grooves enhance the covering effect on the slope and further enhance the protection on the slope.
5. The shrubs, the grass and the vines planted in the planting groove can increase the stereoscopic impression and the color sense of slope greening, avoid the simplification of vegetation and build a good ecological landscape; the water collecting pipe in the planting groove has a water storage function, slowly releases water in the later period, ensures the vegetation growth water demand, and avoids long-term manual maintenance work. The planting groove can intercept seasonal fallen leaves, provides sun-shading protection for slope plants, and can release fertilizer after the fallen leaves are rotten and degraded, thereby being beneficial to the continuous and stable growth of the plants.
6. According to the invention, the characteristics of rapid greening of the suspended net spraying and mixing and long greening effect of the ecological zone and the planting groove are fully utilized through the synergistic effect of the ecological zone, the planting groove and the suspended net spraying and mixing technology, and rapid and lasting greening of vegetation on the steep rocky slope is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a fast and durable revegetation method for high steep rocky slopes;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a slope net hanging structure of the method for quickly and durably restoring vegetation on a high steep rocky slope of the invention;
in the figure: 1-side slope, 2-wire netting, 3-anchor rod, 4-coconut fiber net, 5-V type planting groove, 6-herbaceous plant, 7-water drainage hole, 8-water collecting flower pipe, 9-ecological zone, 10-liana and 11-shrub.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following examples, which are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, but not to limit the scope of the present invention. In the present invention, the vertical direction along the slope is defined as the longitudinal direction, and the horizontal direction is defined as the lateral direction.
Example 1
The embodiment is a bare mountain renovation and greening project of a certain quarry in Shantou city, the mining layout of the mine is disordered, the existing mining pits are irregular, the side slope is messy, and the slope direction and the slope gradient are different. The existing high and steep rocky side slope 7 of the quarry has the slope height of 5-30 m, the upper strong and medium weathered rocky side slope height of 5-10 m and the slope angle of 45-55 degrees; the slope height of the medium weathering rock stratum is 10-20 m, and the slope angle is 50-58 degrees; the height of the lower rock stratum side slope is 10-30 m, and the slope angle is 70-120 degrees. Dangerous rocks exist in a plurality of rock walls of a stope, the slope corners collapse, the platform is covered with granite weathering slope residual soil and completely weathering rocks, and the granite weathering slope residual soil and the completely weathering rocks are loose, easy to soften and disintegrate, poor in engineering stability and easy to cause geological disasters such as landslide and collapse. The method adopted in the engineering implementation process is as follows:
(1) a manual investigation method is adopted to shape and investigate the slope surface, dangerous rocks are removed, small dangerous rocks are removed by manual prying, and large dangerous rocks are removed by mechanical or blasting;
(2) a14 # galvanized iron wire protective net is laid along the whole slope surface from top to bottom, the lap joint width of two adjacent iron wire nets is 20cm, and the iron wire nets exceed the top and the toe of the slope by 50 cm. The anchor rod is fixed on a side slope by adopting a phi 14 deformed steel bar grouting anchor rod, the longitudinal and transverse spacing of the anchor rod is 2m, the length of the anchor rod is 1.5m, the exposed slope surface is 20cm, and the tail end is 7cm to form a hook. A longitudinal and transverse ecological belt is arranged between the protective net and the slope surface, the ecological belt is formed by processing polypropylene or polyester fiber double-sided ironing needle-punched non-woven fabrics, planting soil is wrapped inside, the diameter is 10cm, the length is 2m, and the longitudinal distance and the transverse distance are both 2m and are continuously arranged. The planting soil in the ecological zone is as follows: straw fiber: humus: peat: powder of Ye powder: long-acting compound fertilizer: slow release fertilizer: calcium superphosphate: water-retaining agent 100: 1: 100: 50: 30: 0.5: 0.75: 0.5: 0.18 by mass ratio.
(3) Planting groove anchor rod holes are arranged along the slope, the hole distance is 0.5m, the hole depth is 1.0m, the anchor rod is phi 14 deformed steel, the length is 1.7m, phi 8 transverse ribs are arranged on the anchor rod, the distance is 300mm, and the anchor rod is bound on the anchor rod through iron wires. The planting groove is of a reinforced concrete structure, C25 concrete is used for pouring, the grouting strength is not lower than M20, and the grouting pressure is not lower than 0.2 MPa. The planting groove plate groove is 6cm in thickness and 70cm in width, an included angle between the planting groove plate groove and the slope surface is 45-60 degrees, the longitudinal distance along the slope surface is 2m, the planting groove plate groove is horizontally and continuously poured, an expansion joint is arranged, the width of the joint is 20mm, the distance between the expansion joint and the slope surface is 10m, and a 100mm deep asphalt reinforcement is filled in the joint. HDPE perforated pipe with the diameter of 100mm is buried in the planting groove as a water collecting pipe, and the outside of the pipe is wrapped by 300g/m2The non-woven fabric is used as a reverse filtering layer. The bottom of the planting groove is provided with a water drainage hole, a phi 50mm HDPE pipe is adopted, the HDPE pipe is arranged at a transverse interval of 5m, an included angle between the HDPE pipe and the slope surface is 30 degrees, a reverse filtering bag with the diameter not less than 50mm is arranged at the inlet of the water drainage hole, gravel is filled in the reverse filtering bag through gauze, and the vertical interval between the inlet of the water drainage hole and the slope surface is 150 mm.
(4) Spraying a side slope matrix layer on the protective net, wherein the side slope matrix layer is formed by spraying the side slope matrix layer on the protective net according to the proportion of local mellow soil: straw fiber: humus: peat: long-acting compound fertilizer: water-retaining agent: binder 100: 1: 80: 50: 0.5: 0.18: 0.18, and the spraying thickness of the side slope matrix layer is 13 cm. Spreading a layer of coconut fiber net after the spraying of the matrix layer, fixing on the matrix layer with U-shaped nail, spraying organic material mixed with grass seed with spraying thickness of 5cm, and spraying amount of 30 g/hr of mixed grass seedm2. The grass seeds are bermudagrass: paspalum natatum: and (3) magnolia multiflora: and (3) ryegrass: tall fescue: 3, wild green beans: 1: 2: 3: 4: 4, and (3) mixed grass seeds.
(5) Backfilling soil in the planting groove, wherein the backfilling soil is prepared according to the following steps of: straw fiber: wood powder: peat: powder of Ye powder: long-acting compound fertilizer: slow release fertilizer: calcium superphosphate: water-retaining agent: nitrogen-fixing bacteria: rhizobia 100: 3: 100: 70: 30: 0.7: 0.75: 0.7: 0.03: 0.03 by mass ratio. Planting Virginia creepers near the slope side in the planting grooves, planting kudzu vine and polygonum cuspidatum at the far slope side in the planting grooves, wherein the planting distance is 1 m; wild chrysanthemum, oleander, peony, albizia julibrissin and rose are planted in the middle of the planting groove at intervals of 2m, grass seeds are sowed in the middle of shrubs, and the grass seeds are bermudagrass: paspalum natatum: and (3) magnolia multiflora: and (3) ryegrass: tall fescue: 1, wild green soybean: 1: 2: 1: 4: 7, mixed grass seeds.
The whole project realizes the vegetation coverage of the exposed side slope to be more than 70% in one year, more than 85% in two years and 100% in three years by planting shrubs, climbing plants and herbaceous plants and applying a vertical greening process.
The above description is only an embodiment of the invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, and all modifications or equivalent substitutions made in the content of the present specification, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields are included in the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A quick and lasting re-greening method for vegetation on a high and steep rocky slope is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) shaping and checking the slope surface, and removing dangerous rocks;
(2) paving a protective net along the whole slope from top to bottom, fixing the protective net on the side slope by adopting a grouting anchor rod, and arranging a transverse ecological belt and a longitudinal ecological belt between the protective net and the slope;
(3) v-shaped planting grooves are cast on the slope surface in situ;
(4) spraying a side slope matrix layer onto the protective net, fixing a coconut fiber net on the matrix layer by using U-shaped nails, and spraying organic materials mixed with grass seeds on the coconut fiber net;
(5) and backfilling soil in the V-shaped planting groove, and planting vines and shrubs.
2. The method for quickly and durably greening vegetation on the steep rocky slope according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (1), the slope has a gradient of 73-120 degrees, and dangerous rocks are manually pried to be removed, mechanically or demolished by adopting a manual investigation method.
3. The method for quickly and durably greening vegetation on the steep rocky slope according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (2), the protective net is a No. 14 galvanized wire netting, the lap joint width of two adjacent wire netting is not less than 15cm, and the wire netting exceeds the top of the slope and the slope foot is not less than 50 cm;
the grouting anchor rod is phi 14 deformed steel, the longitudinal and transverse spacing is 1-2 m, the length of the anchor rod is 1.2-2.0 m, and the tail end of the exposed slope surface of the anchor rod is 7-shaped.
4. The method for quickly and durably greening vegetation on the steep rocky slope according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (2), the ecological belt is formed by processing polypropylene or polyester fiber double-sided ironing needle-punched non-woven fabrics, planting soil is wrapped, the size of the ecological belt is phi 5-10 cm, the length of the ecological belt is 1-5 m, the longitudinal distance of the ecological belt is 1-2 m, and the transverse distance of the ecological belt is 1-2 m; the planting soil wrapped in the ecological zone is prepared from the following local mellow soil: straw fiber: humus: peat: powder of Ye powder: long-acting compound fertilizer: slow release fertilizer: calcium superphosphate: water-retaining agent 100: 1-3: 80-100: 50-70: 30-50: 0.5-0.7: 0.75-0.8: 0.5-0.7: 0.18-0.2 by mass ratio.
5. The method for quickly and durably greening vegetation on the steep rocky slope according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (3), the distance between anchor rod holes of the V-shaped planting grooves is 0.5-1.0 m, the hole depth is 0.8-1.0 m, the grouting anchor rod is phi 14 deformed steel, the length of the grouting anchor rod is 1.2-2.0 m, phi 8 transverse ribs are distributed on the grouting anchor rod, the distance is 100-300 mm, and the grouting anchor rod is bound by iron wires; the V-shaped planting groove is of a reinforced concrete structure, C25 concrete is adopted for pouring, the grouting strength is not lower than M20, the grouting pressure is not lower than 0.2MPa, the thickness of the plate groove is 6-8 cm, the width is 50-80 cm, the included angle between the plate groove and the slope is 45-60 degrees, the longitudinal distance between the V-shaped planting groove and the slope is 1-2M, the V-shaped planting groove is transversely and continuously poured, an expansion joint is arranged, the width of the joint is 20-30 mm, the distance between the V-shaped planting groove and the slope is 10-15M, and a deep asphalt reinforcement.
6. The method for quickly and durably greening vegetation on the steep rocky slope according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (3), HDPE perforated pipes with the diameter of phi 100mm are buried in the V-shaped planting grooves to be used as water collecting pipes, and the outside of each pipe is wrapped by 300g/m2Non-woven fabrics are used as a reverse filtering layer; the bottom of the V-shaped planting groove is provided with water draining holes, HDPE pipes with the diameter of 50-80 mm are adopted, the transverse distance is 5m, the included angle between the water draining holes and the slope surface is 30-45 degrees, the water draining hole inlet is provided with a reverse filtering bag with the diameter not less than 50mm, gravel is filled in the reverse filtering bag through gauze, and the vertical distance between the water draining hole inlet and the slope surface is 150-200 mm.
7. The method for quickly and durably greening vegetation on the steep rocky slope according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (4), the side slope matrix layer is prepared according to the following steps of: straw fiber: humus: peat: long-acting compound fertilizer: water-retaining agent: binder 100: 1-3: 80-100: 50-70: 0.5-0.7: 0.18 to 0.2: 0.18-0.2, and the spraying thickness of the side slope matrix layer is 8-12 cm.
8. The method for quickly and durably greening vegetation on the steep rocky slope according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (4), the spraying thickness of the organic material mixed with the grass seeds is 3-5 cm, and the addition amount of the grass seeds is 0.2-0.5 g/m3The grass seeds are combined in cold and warm seasons and are bermuda grass: paspalum natatum: and (3) magnolia multiflora: and (3) ryegrass: tall fescue: 1-3: 2-5: 1-3: 4-8: 4-7 of mixed grass seeds.
9. The method for quickly and durably greening vegetation on the steep rocky slope according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (5), the backfill soil is prepared according to the following steps: straw fiber: wood powder: peat: powder of Ye powder: long-acting compound fertilizer: slow release fertilizer: calcium superphosphate: water-retaining agent: nitrogen-fixing bacteria: rhizobia 100: 1-3: 80-100: 50-70: 30-50: 0.5-0.7: 0.75-0.8: 0.5-0.7: 0.01-0.03: 0.01-0.03 weight ratio.
10. The method for quickly and durably greening vegetation on the steep rocky slope according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (5), the vine is at least one of Japanese creeper, kudzu and polygonum praeparatum, the shrub is at least one of wild chrysanthemum, oleander, peony, albizia julibrissin and rose, and the planting method of the vine and the shrub is as follows: climbing tigers are planted in the V-shaped planting grooves and climb on the side close to the slope surface, kudzu and/or polygonum capitatum flowers are planted in the V-shaped planting grooves and droop on the side far away from the slope surface, and the planting distance of vine plants is 1-1.5 m; the shrubs are planted in the middle of the V-shaped planting groove at intervals of 2-4 m, grass seeds are sown in the middle of the shrubs, and the grass seeds are combined in cold and warm seasons and are bermudagrass: paspalum natatum: and (3) magnolia multiflora: and (3) ryegrass: tall fescue: 1-3: 2-5: 1-3: 4-8: 4-7 of mixed grass seeds.
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| CN112144552A (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2020-12-29 | 湖南化工地质工程勘察院有限责任公司 | Damaged mountain ecological vegetation restoration structure, implementation method and application thereof |
| CN112385442A (en) * | 2020-12-08 | 2021-02-23 | 中节能大地（杭州）环境修复有限公司 | Vertical rock wall greening device for abandoned mine and installation method thereof |
| CN112715084A (en) * | 2020-12-22 | 2021-04-30 | 广东省科学院广州地理研究所 | High-altitude side slope vegetation restoration method |
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| CN114482092A (en) * | 2022-03-04 | 2022-05-13 | 广东东升实业集团有限公司 | Slope V-shaped groove greening construction method |
| CN114521438A (en) * | 2022-02-25 | 2022-05-24 | 内蒙古和润环境工程有限公司 | Method for ecological maintenance of high and steep slope rock mass by utilizing FP member and thick-layer base material spray-seeding combined process |
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| CN114467609A (en) * | 2022-02-14 | 2022-05-13 | 中国水电顾问集团桂阳新能源有限公司 | Ecological restoration structure system and restoration method for high and steep rubble soil slope |
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| CN114482092A (en) * | 2022-03-04 | 2022-05-13 | 广东东升实业集团有限公司 | Slope V-shaped groove greening construction method |
| CN114482092B (en) * | 2022-03-04 | 2023-09-26 | 广东东升实业集团有限公司 | Slope V-shaped groove greening construction method |
| CN115136850A (en) * | 2022-04-15 | 2022-10-04 | 甘肃有色工程勘察设计研究有限公司 | High and steep loess slope greening method |
| CN116876541A (en) * | 2023-09-08 | 2023-10-13 | 山东省地质矿产勘查开发局八〇一水文地质工程地质大队(山东省地矿工程勘察院) | Ecological restoration system and method or structural device for mine high-steep rock slope |
| CN116876541B (en) * | 2023-09-08 | 2024-02-02 | 山东省地质矿产勘查开发局八〇一水文地质工程地质大队(山东省地矿工程勘察院) | Ecological restoration system and method or structural device for mine high-steep rock slope |
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