CN114467609A - Ecological restoration structure system and restoration method for high and steep rubble soil slope - Google Patents
Ecological restoration structure system and restoration method for high and steep rubble soil slope Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
- E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
- E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
- E02D5/76—Anchorings for bulkheads or sections thereof in as much as specially adapted therefor
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
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- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ecological restoration structural system and a restoration method for a high and steep rubble soil slope. The side slope of the ecological restoration structure system is divided into an upper area, a middle area and a lower area from top to bottom; the upper region is provided with a cushion layer and a spray seeding surface layer from the original ground line to the outside in sequence, the spray seeding surface layer is formed in a spray seeding mode, and shrub seeds and grass seeds are arranged in the surface layer; a drainage ditch and a plurality of holes which are transversely arranged are formed on the slope surface of the middle area, and shrub seedlings and grass seedlings are planted in the holes in a point sowing manner; the lower region is provided with a boulder accumulation layer, a plant-growing bag layer is arranged on the boulder accumulation layer, and vines and shrubs are planted in the plant-growing bag layer in a cuttage mode; and a retaining wall transversely arranged is arranged at the toe of the lower region. The invention solves the problems of difficult construction and slow effect of high and steep slope restoration.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an ecological restoration structural system and a restoration method for a high and steep rubble soil slope, and belongs to the field of slope greening and ecological restoration.
Background
The applicant develops the work of 'three simultaneous management systems for water and soil conservation and key technology research' of southern mountainous wind power plants, the work of scientific research, the construction of test communities and the like, wherein the key technology is the research of an ecological restoration system of a high-steep gravel fill side slope, and a comprehensive ecological restoration system is developed aiming at the high-steep slag-adhering and gravel soil side slope formed by excavating wind power plant roads and fan platforms to control the water and soil loss of the slope surface, finally the self-maintenance and virtuous cycle of the ecological system of the slag-adhering side slope are achieved, and 1 test community is established.
The slag adhering side slope is characterized in that earth and stone backfilled when no shielding measures are taken on the downstream side roll off disorderly along the mountain body to form large-area yellow massive and strip-shaped non-point source pollution, commonly called yellow rhinorrhea, and the concrete expression is that the stone slag is hung on the mountain body, the stability of the slag adhering side slope is extremely poor, the thickness of the slag adhering body is 0.5-2m, the length of the slag adhering body is 50-200 m, and secondary water and soil loss is generated under rainfall and artificial disturbance, so that the influence on the surrounding ecological environment is huge. One of the characteristics of the slag adhering side slope is poor stability, the slope treatment developed and researched at present in China is dispersed, a restoration system is not formed, and the method is single, has huge cost and is difficult to popularize.
The chinese invention patent CN102444134B discloses a slope protection method based on a slope with a soil layer at the upper part and a rock layer at the lower part, which is applicable to a common filling slope with a gentle slope and is in a stable state after being manually filled and compacted. Therefore, the measure system of CN102444134B is only suitable for ordinary fill slopes and cannot solve high and steep slag-adhering slopes.
The Chinese patent application CN110622643A discloses an ecological restoration method for rock slopes in high-latitude severe cold areas, which is suitable for excavation slopes of rock quality, and the slopes are characterized in that the conditions of the ground are poor and steep, but the slopes are in a stable state, and slope fixing measures are not needed. Meanwhile, the measures of CN110622643A are mainly measures such as slope plant-growing holes, slope granule spray seeding and the like, the cost of the measures is very high, huge engineering cost is caused by large-area use, a spray seeding and punching machine needs to excavate a construction road and an operation platform, and secondary excavation disturbs the earth surface to generate water and soil loss. Therefore, the CN110622643A measure system is only suitable for rock excavation slopes and cannot solve high and steep slag-adhering slopes.
The chinese utility model patent CN214169088U discloses a be applied to ecological prosthetic liana afforestation structure of high steep rock matter side slope, be applicable to the excavation side slope of rock matter, the characteristics of this type of side slope are that the condition is poor, abrupt and straight immediately on standing the ground, but the side slope is steady state, need not to take solid slope measure. Meanwhile, the CN214169088U patent measures are mainly a method for planting liana by cutting liana with plant growth bags transversely arranged on a slope surface and planting a liana greening side slope with a climbing net arranged on the slope surface, the side slope mainly takes liana as a main part, the plant measures are selected singly, the greening effect is poor, the slope surface punching construction difficulty is large, and the cost is high. Therefore, the CN214169088U measure system is only suitable for rock excavation slopes and cannot solve high and steep slag-adhering slopes (filling slopes).
Slopes greater than 45 degrees and greater than 20 meters are referred to in the industry as high steep slopes.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an ecological restoration structural system and a restoration method for a high and steep rubble slope.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
an ecological restoration structural system for a high and steep rubble side slope, the side slope is longer than 20m, and the slope is larger than 45 degrees; the side slope is divided into an upper area, a middle area and a lower area from top to bottom;
the upper region is provided with a cushion layer and a spray seeding surface layer from the original ground line to the outside in sequence, the spray seeding surface layer is formed in a spray seeding mode, and shrub seeds and grass seeds are arranged in the surface layer;
a drainage ditch and a plurality of holes which are transversely arranged are formed on the slope surface of the middle area, and shrub seedlings and grass seedlings are planted in the holes in a point sowing manner;
the lower region is provided with a boulder accumulation layer, a plant-growing bag layer is arranged on the boulder accumulation layer, and vines and shrubs are planted in the plant-growing bag layer in a cuttage mode;
a retaining wall which is transversely arranged is arranged at the toe of the lower region;
wherein:
i. for the side slope larger than 70 degrees, the cushion layer is a reinforced microphone cushion, and the reinforced microphone cushion is anchored in the upper area through an anchor rod extending into the original ground line;
for slopes below 70 degrees, the bedding layer is a netting anchored in the upper region by anchors or anchors extending into the original ground line.
Therefore, the invention follows the basic principles of local conditions, mature and reliable technology, economy and reasonability, convenient maintenance and the like, and provides a comprehensive ecological restoration system according to the length, gradient, height, stability and the like of the slag-adhering side slope, namely, engineering measures are adopted to fix the slope, and different vegetation restoration measures are creatively adopted on the basis of stabilizing a physical base to prevent and control the water and soil loss of the slope.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the invention can be further optimized, and the following is the technical scheme formed after optimization:
in a preferred embodiment, for the side slope greater than 70 degrees, the thickness of the spray-seeding surface layer is at least 8 cm; for the side slope below 70 degrees, the thickness of the spray seeding surface layer is at least 6 cm.
In a preferred embodiment, the number of said cavities is between 20 and 25 per square meter; the depth of the cavity is at least 8 cm.
In a preferred embodiment, the side slope has a length of 50m-200 m.
In one preferred embodiment, the retaining wall is a grouted stone retaining wall or a gabion retaining wall.
Based on the same invention concept, the invention also provides an ecological restoration method for the high and steep rubble soil slope, which comprises the following steps:
s1, dividing a side slope into an upper area, a middle area and a lower area from top to bottom;
for the upper region:
if the slope gradient is more than 70 degrees, adopting the measures of embedding a reinforced microphone pad and an anchor rod to fix the slope to form a stable ecological greening base, and then spraying a surface layer, wherein the surface layer contains shrub seeds and grass seeds; the spraying thickness is not less than 8 cm;
if the slope gradient of the upper region is below 70 degrees, recovering vegetation by adopting a net hanging spray seeding and anchoring mode, and then spray seeding a surface layer, wherein the surface layer contains shrub seeds and grass seeds; the spraying thickness is not less than 6 cm;
adopting a retaining and protecting measure for fixing the slope in the middle area, and transversely arranging drainage ditches to intercept the water on the slope surface; then improving the standing conditions of the side slope in the area, and planting vegetation after opening holes in a hole-shaped land preparation mode;
firstly, a blocking and protecting measure is arranged in the lower area, and a grouted stone retaining wall or a gabion retaining wall is arranged by utilizing the existing large stones, so that the stability of the broken stone side slope is ensured; after leveling, ecological bags and vine plants are arranged in the lower area, and trees and shrubs are planted on the retaining wall platform.
S2, after finishing the slope renovation, covering non-woven fabrics for protection, watering, and performing additional fertilization and reseeding according to the plant growth condition at the later stage.
In one preferred embodiment, the vegetation in the middle area is planted by two schemes, one scheme is to directly plant the shrubs and grass in the holes to recover the vegetation, and the construction method comprises the following steps: planting soil and organic fertilizer in the holes, then sowing shrub seeds and grass seeds, sowing 6-8 shrub seeds in one planting hole, sowing 40-60 grass seeds, irrigating grass and sowing in a mixed manner, then planting soil, loosening soil and covering a sun screen; and another is planting bagged seedlings in the holes, transplanting the seedlings into the planting holes after the bagged seedlings grow to at least 4cm, and then backfilling the planting holes to be smooth.
The design difficulty of the invention is that the high and steep rubble has long side slope and is unstable, and the secondary disturbance can not be used mechanically. And selecting different measures according to the side slope field. The invention firstly fixes the slope and improves the soil, mainly adopts artificial re-greening, selects proper water and soil retention measures, adopts plant root systems to fix the slope and rapidly afforest, and has good repairing effect.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, the ecological type physical substrate is constructed by adopting a reinforced microphone pad, an ecological bag, ecological anchors and the like, so that the stability of the broken stone side slope is ensured, the water and soil loss is prevented and controlled, and on the basis, a proper side slope greening scheme is adopted according to the characteristics of the side slope to restore the destroyed ecology of the side slope and provide the forest and grass coverage rate;
2. the invention provides a comprehensive broken stone slope ecological restoration system, wherein a reinforced microphone pad and an anchor rod are adopted in the upper area to fix a slope, and vegetation is restored by adopting a spray-seeding greening mode; in the middle area, retaining wall slope protection and drainage ditch are adopted to cut off water catchment and guide flow, so that water catchment scouring is reduced, soil conditions are improved manually, and vegetation is restored by adopting hole sowing and hole planting grass irrigation; and adopting a retaining and protecting measure to stabilize the broken stone slope in the lower area, and recovering the vegetation in the disturbed area by adopting the modes of ecological bags, vine stocks, shrubs and trees on the basis. The ecological restoration system is suitable for the gravel side slopes with various slopes and lithology.
3. The invention constructs a simple bagged seedling greening scheme capable of being applied in large scale, wherein a degradable non-woven fabric mechanism nutrition bag (with the diameter of 5cm and the height of 8cm) is used, organic fertilizer, nutrient soil, compound fertilizer, water-retaining agent, winter thatch, pigeon pea, magnolia multiflora and other grass-filling seeds are filled in the bag, seedling cultivation is carried out in an area with better climatic conditions, after the bag seedlings grow to 5cm, the bag seedlings are moved to a side slope area for hardening seedlings, and then the bag seedlings are planted in planting holes. The method has the characteristics of greening effect, low manufacturing cost, convenience for construction of constructors and the like, and has large-scale application.
In a word, the technology is mainly suitable for ecological restoration and water and soil loss prevention of the high steep gravel filling side slope, self-restoration of the ecological system of the high steep gravel side slope is realized by constructing an ecological physical substrate and adopting scientific vegetation restoration measures, and the specific restoration effect is shown in fig. 6-8.
Compared with CN102444134B, CN110622643A and CN214169088U, the invention is a comprehensive remediation and ecological restoration mode for high and steep slag-bearing side slopes. In addition, the invention provides a set of comprehensive treatment system for the slag adhering side slope formed by excavation of wind power plants, traffic road construction and the like, and the comprehensive treatment system is mainly used for evaluating the stability of the slag adhering side slope, fixing slope measures (retaining walls, gabion retaining walls, embedded three-dimensional nets, reinforced microphone mats and the like), land improvement measures (covering soil, improving the land in a standing mode, preparing soil in a cave shape), vegetation recovery measures (adopting the steps of foreign soil spray seeding, net spray seeding, manual hole seeding, manual drilling, vine planting, arbor and shrub planting, later-stage management and protection measures (covering non-woven fabrics, watering and maintaining, replanting and the like) according to the conditions of side slope height, slope soil property, lithology, construction difficulty and the like).
Compared with CN110622643A and CN214169088U, the method improves the conditions of the field, adopts measures such as soil dressing spray seeding, hole seeding, drill seeding, tree and shrub planting and the like, utilizes the root system of the plant to fix the slope, utilizes the stem and leaf of the plant to cut off rainwater, and strictly forbids the water and soil loss caused by flushing the slope. Compared with CN110622643A and CN214169088U, the technology of the invention has stronger applicability, does not need to be provided with a large-area construction channel and a large-area construction operation surface, and can meet the requirement of green restoration through manual operation.
Compared with CN110622643A and CN214169088U, the comprehensive measure system of the invention can fundamentally solve the problems of stability and vegetation restoration of the high and steep slag-adhering side slope, and has the advantages of low used technical cost, small working surface and no water and soil loss caused by secondary excavation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a down-grade cross-section of one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 1 at A (a rough view of a masonry retaining wall);
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of bunch planting grass to recover vegetation in the upper or middle area of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 1 at A (a substantial view of the gabion retaining wall);
FIG. 5 is a view showing the greening of the plant growth bag of FIG. 1;
fig. 6, 7 and 8 are graphs (comparison time 1 year) of the remediation effect of the slag adhering slope of a certain wind farm in Hunan province, wherein a) is a picture of a site before remediation, and b) is a picture of the site after remediation.
In the figure
1-upper region; 2-a middle region; 3-lower region;
11-a cushion layer; 12-surface layer; 13-shrubs or herbs;
21-cushion layer; 22-a facing layer; 23-shrubs or herbs; 24-point;
31-boulder; 32-cutting shrubs; 33-cutting rattan wood; 34-plant growing bag;
100-original ground line; 200-pavement; 300-retaining wall.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict. For convenience of description, the words "upper", "lower", "left" and "right" in the following description are used only to indicate the correspondence between the upper, lower, left and right directions of the drawings themselves, and do not limit the structure.
An ecological restoration method for a high and steep rubble side slope is shown in figure 1 and comprises the following steps:
1. slope grading
The slope is divided into 3 parts of an upper area, a middle area and a lower area according to the slope length, the height and the lithology of the slope, and the slope is 200m long.
In the area with steepest side slope, thinnest soil layer and worst ground conditions in the upper area, the measures of general sowing (hole sowing) grass irrigation, soil dressing spray sowing, grass planting and irrigation and the like in the area can not meet the growth requirement of the vegetation.
The middle area is the area with the longest side slope and thicker soil layer accumulation, and the like, the slope surface is unstable in the area, but the three-dimensional condition is better, and the general spray-seeding lift cannot reach the area. On the basis of stabilizing the side slope and fixing the slope, measures such as field improvement, hole sowing and grass irrigation, couch grass transplantation and the like are needed to restore vegetation.
The lower region is generally a broken stone and lump stone accumulation region, the conditions are worst in the vertical condition, and the accumulation body is unstable. Adopting manual and mechanical treatment of block stones, setting a blocking and protecting measure, building a dry stone platform, and simultaneously adopting necessary vegetation recovery measures.
2. Regional vegetation measure
An upper region: the method comprises the steps of fixing the side slope by means of embedding reinforced microphone pads and anchor rods, forming a stable ecological greening base, carrying out spray-seeding greening, carrying out spray-seeding on a matrix for 1-2 times generally, carrying out spray-seeding on a surface layer, wherein the surface layer contains shrub grass seeds, shrubs generally select pigeons, magnolia multiflora, amorpha fruticosa, robinia pseudoacacia, lespedeza bicolor and the like, and herbs generally select bermuda grass, imperata orientalis, broadleaf grasses, festuca arundinacea, trifolium pratense and the like. The spraying thickness is not less than 8 cm. And recovering vegetation on the side slope below 70 ℃ in a net hanging, spraying and anchoring mode. The net sheet is generally selected from ecological coconut palm fiber net and three-dimensional net, and is fixed to the undisturbed slope surface by anchor rods and anchors after being buried. Then spray-seeding for greening, generally spray-seeding matrix for 1-2 times, then spray-seeding surface layer, the surface layer contains shrub seeds, shrub generally selects cajanus cajan, magnolia multiflora, amorpha fruticosa, robinia pseudoacacia, lespedeza bicolor and the like, and the herb generally selects bermuda grass, east couchgrass, broad-leaved grasses, tall fescue, white clover and the like. The spraying thickness is not less than 6 cm.
The middle area: the soil layer in the area is thick, but the slope stability is poor. Firstly, a retaining and protecting measure is adopted to fix a slope, and meanwhile, a drainage ditch is transversely arranged to intercept slope catchment, so that large-area soil erosion caused by the fact that the slope catchment scours an exposed slope is prevented. On the basis of adopting diversion, drainage and slope fixing, the vertical conditions of the side slope in the area are improved, a hole-shaped land preparation mode is adopted, holes are dug in each square meter of the side slope and are controlled according to 20-25, and the hole depth is 10 cm. After the soil preparation is finished, two schemes are adopted for vegetation planting, one scheme is to directly dibble the grass in the holes to recover the vegetation, and the construction method comprises the following steps: artificially covering planting soil and organic fertilizer in the holes, then broadcasting and sowing shrub seeds, selecting magnolia multiflora, semen cassiae ochracea and fava beans as shrubs, selecting trifoliate repens and tall fescue as herbs, broadcasting and sowing 6-8 shrub seeds in one planting hole, broadcasting and sowing 50 grass seeds, irrigating the grass and sowing in a mixed manner, then covering the planting soil, loosening the soil and covering a sun screen. And another method is planting bagged seedlings in holes, the bagged seedlings can be simply manufactured and are generally cultivated in places with good climatic conditions, the bagged seedlings are transplanted into the planting holes after growing to about 5cm, and the planting holes are filled back and leveled.
In the present embodiment, both the upper region and the middle region are finally restored to the shrubbery land, but the restoration means is different. The upper area is recovered by adopting a spray-seeding mode, and the spray-seeding mode is to irrigate grass seeds. And the middle area adopts a dibbling (hole sowing) mode to recover the vegetation.
Lower region: the lower region is formed by rolled broken stones and stones, and the stability is poor. Firstly, manual and mechanical blocking and protecting measures are adopted, and the existing stone blocks are used for arranging a grouted retaining wall or a gabion retaining wall and a dry retaining wall to ensure the stability of the broken stone side slope. Generally, the multi-stage dry masonry retaining wall protection slope can be built. After the leveling is finished, the ecological bag is transversely arranged, vine plants such as climbing vines, ivy vines, mucuna vines and kudzu vines are planted for greening, and arbor and shrubs can be planted on the dry stone platform. Artificially and properly replanting such root-developed plants as couch grass, moso bamboo, pig dung bean and the like.
The grouted stone retaining wall has the same function as a gabion retaining wall and can be replaced, and the general grouted stone retaining wall is more.
Maintenance and management: after finishing the stone breaking slope treatment, the non-woven fabric is covered for protection, and the effects of heat preservation, moisture preservation and wind prevention are achieved. Manually watering for 2 times a day; and in the later period, according to the growth condition of plants, top dressing and reseeding are carried out, and the coverage rate of forest and grass is improved.
The above-described embodiments are set forth so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will not be limited by any theory presented in the preceding claims, which may suggest themselves to those skilled in the art after reading this disclosure and all equivalents thereof that fall within the scope of the invention as defined in the claims appended hereto.
Claims (7)
1. An ecological restoration structural system for a high and steep rubble side slope, the side slope is longer than 20m, and the slope is larger than 45 degrees; the side slope is characterized in that the side slope is divided into an upper area (1), a middle area (2) and a lower area (3) from top to bottom;
the upper region (1) is provided with a cushion layer and a spray seeding surface layer from the original ground line (100) to the outside in sequence, the spray seeding surface layer is formed in a spray seeding mode, and shrub seeds and grass seeds are arranged in the surface layer;
a drainage ditch which is transversely arranged and a plurality of holes (24) are formed in the slope surface of the middle area (2), and shrub seedlings and grass seedlings are planted in the holes (24) in a spot-seeding mode;
the lower region (3) is provided with a boulder accumulation layer, a plant-growing bag layer is arranged on the boulder accumulation layer, and vines and shrubs are planted in the plant-growing bag layer in a cuttage mode;
a retaining wall (300) arranged transversely is arranged at the toe of the lower region (3);
wherein:
i. for a slope larger than 70 degrees, the cushion layer is a reinforced microphone cushion, and the reinforced microphone cushion is anchored in the upper region (1) through an anchor rod extending into the original ground line (100);
for slopes below 70 degrees, the bedding is a netting anchored at the upper region (1) by anchors or anchors extending into the original ground line (100).
2. The high steep rubble soil slope ecological remediation structural system of claim 1, wherein for a slope greater than 70 degrees, the spray-seeding facing is at least 8cm thick; for the side slope below 70 degrees, the thickness of the spray seeding surface layer is at least 6 cm.
3. The high steep rubble soil slope ecological restoration structural system according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of said cavities (24) is 20-25 per square meter; the depth of the cavity (24) is at least 8 cm.
4. The high steep rubble soil slope ecological restoration structural system of claim 1, wherein the slope length is 50m-200 m.
5. The high steep rubble soil slope ecological restoration structural system of claim 1, wherein the retaining wall (300) is a grouted masonry retaining wall or a gabion retaining wall.
6. An ecological restoration method for a high and steep rubble soil slope is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, dividing a side slope into an upper area (1), a middle area (2) and a lower area (3) from top to bottom; for the upper region (1):
if the slope gradient is more than 70 degrees, adopting the measures of embedding a reinforced microphone pad and an anchor rod to fix the slope to form a stable ecological greening base, and then spraying a surface layer, wherein the surface layer contains shrub seeds and grass seeds; the spraying thickness is not less than 8 cm;
if the slope of the side slope of the upper region (1) is below 70 degrees, recovering vegetation by adopting a net hanging spray-seeding and anchoring mode, and then spray-seeding a surface layer, wherein the surface layer contains shrub seeds and grass seeds; the spraying thickness is not less than 6 cm;
a retaining and protecting measure is adopted for fixing the slope in the middle area (2), and meanwhile, a drainage ditch is transversely arranged to intercept the water on the slope surface; then improving the standing conditions of the side slope in the area, and planting vegetation after opening holes in a hole-shaped land preparation mode;
for the lower area (3), firstly, a retaining measure is set, and the existing large stones (31) are utilized to set a grouted stone retaining wall or a gabion retaining wall, so that the stability of the broken stone side slope is ensured; after the leveling is finished, ecological bags and vine plants are arranged in the lower area (3), and trees and shrubs are planted on the retaining wall platform.
S2, after finishing the slope renovation, covering non-woven fabrics for protection, watering, and performing additional fertilization and reseeding according to the plant growth condition at the later stage.
7. The ecological restoration method for the high and steep gravel soil slope according to claim 6, wherein two schemes are adopted for vegetation planting in the middle area (2), one scheme is direct hole dibbling grass irrigation and vegetation restoration, and the construction method is as follows: planting soil and organic fertilizer in the holes, then sowing shrub seeds and grass seeds, sowing 6-8 shrub seeds in one planting hole, sowing 40-60 grass seeds, irrigating grass and sowing in a mixed manner, then planting soil, loosening soil and covering a sun screen; and another is planting bagged seedlings in the holes, transplanting the seedlings into the planting holes after the bagged seedlings grow to at least 4cm, and then backfilling the planting holes to be smooth.
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