CN116876541B - Ecological restoration system and method or structural device for mine high-steep rock slope - Google Patents
Ecological restoration system and method or structural device for mine high-steep rock slope Download PDFInfo
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- CN116876541B CN116876541B CN202311152869.3A CN202311152869A CN116876541B CN 116876541 B CN116876541 B CN 116876541B CN 202311152869 A CN202311152869 A CN 202311152869A CN 116876541 B CN116876541 B CN 116876541B
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- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 36
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 210000000078 claw Anatomy 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D15/00—Handling building or like materials for hydraulic engineering or foundations
- E02D15/02—Handling of bulk concrete specially for foundation or hydraulic engineering purposes
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a mine high-steep rock slope ecological restoration system and method or a structural device, and belongs to the technical field of mine high-steep rock slope ecological restoration; comprises a mine high steep rock slope ecological restoration structure device; the ecological restoration structure device for the mine high and steep rock slope is arranged on the concave surface of the mine high and steep rock slope; each concave surface is used for accommodating a plurality of mine high-steep rock slope ecological restoration structure devices; the ecological restoration system comprises a side slope concave surface treatment, structural layer arrangement, structural device installation and vegetation concrete spray planting, the ecological restoration system for the mine high and steep rock side slope and the method or the structural device can smoothly treat the depth concave surface of the mine high and steep rock side slope, and can plant and maintain shrubs by utilizing the depth concave surface, and the vegetation concrete can provide grabbing space and climbing nourishment for aerial roots of vine plants.
Description
Technical Field
The invention particularly relates to a mine high-steep rock slope ecological restoration system and method or a structural device, and belongs to the technical field of mine high-steep rock slope ecological restoration.
Background
In the ecological restoration process of the side slope, a plurality of side slopes with steeper rock quality are frequently encountered, and the side slope lacks soil environments such as water, heat, gas, fertilizer and the like which are necessary for plant growth, so that the vegetation coverage rate is low, and the water and soil conservation effect is poor; it is therefore desirable to provide an ecological restoration system and method that improves vegetation coverage; such as Chinese patent publication No.: CN114182743B discloses a mine high steep rock slope ecological restoration system and method, comprising vine for restoring mine slope, planting substrate for planting vine, planting groove component for placing planting substrate on mine, climbing slope climbing protection system laid on slope; the vine can only provide nutrients through the root system at the bottom, but can not provide nutrients through the aerial roots on the climbing stems, the growth cycle is slow, and the whole side slope is difficult to cover; in addition, the side slope is covered only by the vine, the coverage density is low, and the wind resistance of the whole vegetation coverage is weak; in addition, because the surface of the high and steep rock slope is uneven, a large concave surface is often formed, and in the prior art, a good concave surface treatment mode is not available, so that the vegetation continuity of the surface of the slope is easily damaged.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides an ecological restoration system and method or a structural device for a mine high and steep rock slope, which can smoothly treat the depth concave surface of the mine high and steep rock slope, can plant and maintain shrubs by utilizing the depth concave surface, is used for improving wind resistance, and provides grabbing space and climbing nourishment for aerial roots of vine plants through vegetation concrete.
The invention relates to an ecological restoration structure device for a mine high steep rock slope, which comprises the following components:
the cylinder body is integrally formed at the top end of the cylinder body, the outer diameter of the convex edge is larger than that of the cylinder body, and a notch is formed in the upper part of the top surface of the convex edge; the upper part of the cylinder body is provided with a plurality of strip through holes; an extension pipe section is arranged at the lower part of the bottom end of the cylinder body, and a liquid discharge hole is formed in the extension pipe section; the upper part of the bottom surface of the cylinder body is provided with balancing support legs; the convex edge can receive external rainwater or maintenance irrigation water and is led into the inner side of the cylinder, and when the water quantity is excessive, the excessive water quantity is discharged out of the cylinder through the liquid discharge hole of the extension pipe section;
the inner side of the manifold seat is integrally provided with a convex column, the extension pipe section is embedded with the manifold seat, and the convex column is embedded into the inner side of the manifold seat; a screw hole body is formed in the side part of the bottom surface of the manifold seat, and a large liquid discharge pipe is connected to the screw hole body in a screwed mode; when the water flow discharged by the cylinder flows to the manifold base, the water flow is discharged outside the vegetation coverage surface through the large liquid discharge pipe; the nutrients brought out by the rainwater can be sent to herbaceous plants and vine plants;
the cylinder body and the manifold seat are both fixed with a mine high-steep rock slope;
a biological plant-growing bag is arranged on the inner side of the cylinder body, and a water filtering hole is formed in the biological plant-growing bag; the inner side of the biological plant growth bag is filled with an inner planting matrix, and plants are planted on the inner side of the inner planting matrix; the rainwater entering the biological plant-growing bag is discharged to the outside of the cylinder body through the filtering water holes; before the plant in the ecological restoration structure device for the mine high steep rock slope is applied, maintenance treatment is needed, specifically: before the ecological restoration structure device for the mine high and steep rock slope is installed on the mine high and steep rock slope, a biological plant growing bag is placed in the cylinder, shrubs or rattans are planted, maintenance is carried out for at least 2 months, the cylinder and the horizontal ground are required to be arranged in an inclined mode by 60 degrees during maintenance, and when the ecological restoration structure device for the mine high and steep rock slope is used, films are required to be coated on the cylinder, and the cylinder is installed on the mine high and steep rock slope.
Further, mesh plates are arranged on the inner sides of the convex edges, geotextiles are bonded on the top surfaces of the mesh plates, at least one planting hole is formed in each geotextile and each mesh plate, plants penetrate through the planting holes, and elastic sleeve bodies are coated on the inner sides of the planting holes; a sealing plate is integrally formed at the lower part of the top surface of the convex edge; the bottom of the outer side of the convex edge is connected with a small liquid discharge pipe in a screwed manner; the top surface of the mesh plate is filled with a gravel layer, a large amount of rainwater can be prevented from directly entering the biological plant-growing bag through the mesh plate and the gravel layer, and when the accumulated water on the surface of the gravel layer penetrates into the biological plant-growing bag through the geotextile part, the large amount of rainwater is discharged through the small liquid discharge pipe; the method has the advantages that large-flow rainwater is prevented from directly flushing the inner planting matrixes, and meanwhile, small-flow rainwater can be reserved through the gravel layer and geotextile; the evaporation rate of the inner planting matrix is reduced.
Preferably, a plurality of outer ribs are integrally formed in the circumferential direction of the cylinder body, and a through hole array is arranged at the bottom end of the cylinder body.
Preferably, the plant is a bush or vine, the vine being capable of towing to climb both transversely and longitudinally; through the barrel body, a growth space can be provided for the shrubs, and the vine can be arranged to different heights, so that the vine can be arranged on the whole slope.
The ecological restoration system for the mine high-steep rock slope comprises the ecological restoration structure device for the mine high-steep rock slope, wherein the ecological restoration structure device for the mine high-steep rock slope is arranged on a concave surface of the mine high-steep rock slope; each concave surface is used for accommodating a plurality of mine high-steep rock slope ecological restoration structure devices;
the reinforced concrete pile comprises a mine high steep rock slope surface, and is characterized by further comprising a reinforced concrete, an inner net layer and an outer net layer, wherein the reinforced concrete is fixed on the mine high steep rock slope surface in an array mode, and the inner net layer and the outer net layer are hung on the reinforced concrete; the cushion block is arranged between the surface of the mine high-steep rock slope and the inner net layer; the embedded bars pass through a metal pressing bar on the outer surface of the inner net layer, a plurality of pressing holes are formed in the metal pressing bar, and blind holes are formed in the surface of the mine high-steep rock slope opposite to the pressing holes; the expansion bolts are knocked into the blind holes, and nuts of the expansion bolts are tightly pressed with the outer surfaces of the metal pressing strips; the side, far away from the metal pressing strip, of the bar is bound with a transverse bar through a metal wire, and the inner surface of the outer net layer is attached to the transverse bar and bound through the metal wire;
the inner net layer comprises a first inner net layer and a second inner net layer, the first inner net layer is paved on the concave surface, and the second inner net layer is paved on the rest position of the mine high-steep rock slope; the first inner net layer and the second inner net layer are mutually overlapped, and the width of the overlapped position is 5cm-8cm; the lap joint of the first inner net layer and the second inner net layer is bound by iron wires;
a porous concrete structure layer is filled and poured between the first inner net layer and the mine high-steep rock slope and between the first inner net layer and the outer net layer; a plurality of pouring grooves are formed in the porous concrete structure layer, and tubular ecological concrete is poured on the inner sides of the pouring grooves; the inner side of the ecological concrete is filled with an external planting matrix, and the manifold base and the cylinder are embedded into the inner side of the ecological concrete and are poured and solidified with the ecological concrete; the manifold base and the cylinder are embedded into the inner side of the outer planting matrix;
concrete layers are filled and poured between the second inner net layer and the mine high-steep rock slope and between the second inner net layer and the outer net layer; the metal pressing strip is provided with an elastic claw; the elastic claw penetrates through the outer net layer and is elastically clamped with the outer net layer;
vegetation concrete is sprayed between the outer net layer and the concrete layer; the vine and the herbaceous plants compete with each other for nutrient matrix of vegetation concrete, when the vine and the herbaceous plants are selected, dead leaf period of the vine and lodging period of the herbaceous plants need to be staggered, so that the slope surface of the mine high-steep rock slope always has green coverage with certain density.
Further, the concrete layer is a porous concrete structure layer or a cement gravel aggregate concrete structure layer; the coarse aggregate of the porous concrete structure layer is light aggregate.
Further, the concave surface of the mine high and steep rock slope is a natural concave surface, a concave surface formed by mining or a plant planting area selected during ecological restoration, and the concave surface is formed by presplitting blasting.
The ecological restoration method of the mine high and steep rock slope comprises the ecological restoration system of the mine high and steep rock slope, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
a. the surface treatment of the mine high and steep rock slope, the plant branches on the mine high and steep rock slope are shoveled, underground rootstock is dug out, the floating earth and pumice on the surface of the mine high and steep rock slope is removed, and the part of the dangerous rock, which protrudes and is easy to fall, is knocked down;
b. the method comprises the steps of carrying out concave surface treatment on a mine high and steep rock slope, laying a second inner net layer on concave surfaces which cannot accommodate the mine high and steep rock slope ecological restoration structure devices, and carrying out presplitting blasting on the concave surfaces which accommodate the mine high and steep rock slope ecological restoration structure devices, the number of which is lower than a set number, so as to enlarge the concave surface volume;
c. the method comprises the steps of laying a structural layer, drilling mounting holes for planting ribs and mounting holes for expansion bolts on a mine high-steep rock slope, then driving pouring adhesives into the mounting holes, embedding the planting ribs into the mounting holes, sleeving cushion blocks on the planting ribs, hanging a first inner net layer and a second inner net layer onto the planting ribs, enabling the first inner net layer and the second inner net layer to be attached to the cushion blocks, and binding overlapping positions of the first inner net layer and the second inner net layer through iron wires; then the expansion bolt and the metal pressing strip are connected in a penetrating way, and a nut is screwed; the expansion bolts are firstly knocked into the mounting holes, then the nuts are rotated, so that the threaded sleeves of the expansion bolts are tightly expanded with the mounting holes, and the metal pressing strips are tightly pressed on the outer surfaces of the first inner net layer and the second inner net layer; after the installation of the inner net layer is completed, binding transverse ribs on the planted ribs through metal wires, and binding the outer net layer to the transverse ribs and the planted ribs; the elastic claw is clamped with the outer net layer, and is bound with the outer net layer through the metal wire after being clamped;
d. pouring concrete, wherein the structural layer is used for pouring a porous concrete structural layer at the concave surface of the high and steep rock slope of the mine, and a concrete layer is poured at the rest area; in the pouring process of the porous concrete structure layer, an outer mounting groove is formed in the position of the porous concrete structure layer through a die, and prefabricated tubular ecological concrete is poured or embedded in the outer mounting groove in situ; pouring and solidifying the outer wall of the ecological concrete and the outer mounting groove;
e. installing the ecological restoration structure device of the mine high and steep rock slope, filling an external planting matrix into the inner side of ecological concrete, embedding the manifold base with the external planting matrix, and enabling a large liquid discharge pipe to penetrate through the porous concrete structure layer and be screwed with a screw hole body of the manifold base; then, embedding and solidifying the cylinder body into the ecological concrete; and the extension pipe section is jogged and aligned with the manifold base;
f. spraying vegetation concrete outside the porous concrete structure layer and the concrete layer by a concrete sprayer; the vegetation concrete takes cement as a binder, and is added with greening additives, the content of organic matters (fiber and organic matters or humus) is less than 20 percent by volume, and the vegetation concrete is formed by sand loam, plant seeds, fertilizer, water and the like to form a spraying mixture, and the vegetation concrete is sprayed by a dry type anchor spraying machine and is suitable for steep rock slopes.
Preferably, when the vegetation concrete is sprayed, the isolation film is covered outside the convex edge, and after the spraying solidification is finished, the isolation film is torn.
Compared with the prior art, the ecological restoration system and method or the structural device for the mine high and steep rock slope can form herbal plant pavement, climbing plant slope and an array bush on the mine high and steep rock slope; the vine plants can pull to transversely climb and longitudinally climb to form good vegetation coverage, and a good greening ecological surface is formed on the slope surface; during ecological restoration, the deep concave surface of the mine high and steep rock slope is processed to form a pit, so that the surface continuity of the mine high and steep rock slope is good, shrubs can be planted and maintained by utilizing the deep concave surface and used for improving wind resistance, in addition, grabbing space is provided for aerial roots of vine plants through macropores of vegetation concrete, and simultaneously, the substrate in the vegetation concrete can provide climbing nourishment for the aerial roots.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the ecological restoration structure device for the mine high-steep rock slope.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the mounting structure of the cylinder and manifold base of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the mounting structure of the mesh plate and elastic sleeve of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic overall structure diagram of another embodiment of the ecological restoration structure device for the mine high steep rock slope.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a system for repairing a concave surface of a steep rock slope of a mine.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a restoration system for the outside of the concave surface of the mine high-steep rock slope.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a structure before a cylinder is not installed at a concave surface of a mine high-steep rock slope.
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the mounting structure of the bar, metal bead and expansion bolts of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a schematic view showing the installation structure of the metal batten, the elastic claw and the expansion bolt of the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the bush planting structure of the present invention.
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of the structure of the bush and vine of the present invention planted on a drum.
Fig. 12 is a schematic view of the structure of vegetation concrete of the present invention after the growth of herbs.
Reference numerals: 1. barrel, 2, protruding edge, 3, notch, 4, rectangular through hole, 5, extension pipe section, 51, the flowing back hole, 6, the stabilizer blade of making up, 7, the manifold seat, 8, the projection, 9, big flowing back pipe, 10, the high steep rock slope of mine, 11, biological plant-growing bag, 12, plant, 13, the orifice board, 14, elastic sleeve body, 15, the shrouding, 16, little flowing back pipe, 17, the gravel layer, 18, outer muscle body, 19, plant the muscle, 20, first intranet layer, 21, second intranet layer, 22, outer net layer, 23, metal layering, 231, elastic claw, 24, expansion bolts, 25, horizontal muscle, 26, porous concrete structure layer, 261, pouring groove, 27, ecological concrete, 28, outer planting matrix, 29, concrete layer, 30, vegetation concrete.
Detailed Description
Example 1:
the ecological restoration structure device for the mine high steep rock slope shown in fig. 1 and 2 comprises:
the cylinder body 1 is characterized in that the top end of the cylinder body 1 is integrally provided with a convex edge 2, the outer diameter of the convex edge 2 is larger than that of the cylinder body 1, and the upper part of the top surface of the convex edge 2 is provided with a notch 3; the upper part of the cylinder body 1 is provided with a plurality of strip through holes 4; an extension pipe section 5 is arranged at the lower part of the bottom end of the cylinder body 1, and a liquid discharge hole 51 is formed in the extension pipe section 5; the upper part of the bottom surface of the cylinder body 1 is provided with balancing support feet 6; the convex edge 2 can receive external rainwater or maintenance irrigation water, and is led into the inner side of the cylinder 1, and when the water quantity is excessive, the excessive water quantity is discharged out of the cylinder 1 through the liquid discharge hole 51 of the extension pipe section 5;
the inner side of the manifold base 7 is integrally provided with a convex column 8, the extension pipe section 5 is embedded with the manifold base 7, and the convex column 8 is embedded into the inner side of the manifold base 7; a screw hole body is formed in the side part of the bottom surface of the manifold base 7, and a large liquid discharge pipe 9 is connected to the screw hole body in a screwed mode; when the water flow discharged by the cylinder body 1 flows to the manifold seat 7, and is discharged outside the vegetation coverage surface through the large liquid discharge pipe 9; the nutrients brought out by the rainwater can be sent to herbaceous plants and vine plants;
the cylinder body 1 and the manifold seat 7 are both fixed with a mine high-steep rock slope 10;
the inner side of the cylinder body 1 is provided with a biological plant-growing bag 11, and the biological plant-growing bag 11 is provided with a water filtering hole; the inner side of the biological plant growing bag 11 is filled with an inner planting matrix, and plants 12 are planted on the inner side of the inner planting matrix.
Before application, the plants 12 in the ecological restoration structure device of the mine high and steep rock slope need to be maintained, and the ecological restoration structure device specifically comprises the following steps: before the ecological restoration structure device for the mine high and steep rock slope is installed on the mine high and steep rock slope 10, a biological plant growing bag 11 is placed in the cylinder 1, shrubs or rattans are planted, maintenance is carried out for at least 2 months, the cylinder 1 and the horizontal ground are required to be arranged in an inclined mode for 60 degrees during maintenance, and when the ecological restoration structure device for the mine high and steep rock slope is used, a film is required to be coated on the cylinder 1, and the cylinder 1 is installed on the mine high and steep rock slope 10.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, a mesh plate 13 is arranged on the inner side of the convex edge 2, geotextile is bonded on the top surface of the mesh plate 13, at least one planting hole is formed in the geotextile and the mesh plate 13, the plant 12 passes through the planting hole, and an elastic sleeve body 14 is coated on the inner side of the planting hole by the plant 12; a sealing plate 15 is integrally formed at the lower part of the top surface of the convex edge 2; the bottom of the outer side of the convex edge 2 is screwed with a small liquid discharge pipe 16; the top surface of the mesh plate 13 is filled with a gravel layer 17; the mesh plate 13 and the gravel layer 17 can prevent a large amount of rainwater from directly entering the biological plant-growing bag 11, and when the accumulated water on the surface of the gravel layer 17 permeates into the biological plant-growing bag 11 through the geotextile part, the large amount of rainwater is discharged through the small liquid discharge pipe 16; the large-flow rainwater is prevented from directly flushing the inner planting matrix, and meanwhile, the small-flow rainwater can be reserved through the gravel layer 17 and geotextile; the evaporation rate of the inner planting matrix is reduced.
The cylinder body 1 is integrally formed with a plurality of outer ribs 18 in the circumferential direction, and a through hole array is arranged at the bottom end of the cylinder body 1.
The plants 12 are shrubs or vines, and can provide a growing space for the shrubs through the cylinder 1, and meanwhile, the vines can be arranged to different heights, so that the vines can be distributed to the whole slope.
As shown in fig. 5 to 12, the ecological restoration system for the mine high and steep rock slope comprises the ecological restoration structure device for the mine high and steep rock slope, wherein the ecological restoration structure device for the mine high and steep rock slope is arranged on the concave surface of the mine high and steep rock slope 10; each concave surface is used for accommodating a plurality of mine high-steep rock slope ecological restoration structure devices;
the novel galvanized steel wire mesh comprises a steel wire mesh body, and also comprises a steel wire mesh 19, an inner mesh layer and an outer mesh layer 22, wherein the inner mesh layer and the outer mesh layer 22 adopt galvanized crochet iron wires; the embedded bars 19 are fixed on the surface of the mine high and steep rock slope 10 in an array mode, and the inner net layer and the outer net layer 22 are hung on the embedded bars 19; the embedded ribs 19 are arranged between the surface of the mine high-steep rock slope 10 and the inner net layer; the embedded ribs 19 penetrate through a metal pressing strip 23 on the outer surface of the inner net layer, a plurality of pressing holes are formed in the metal pressing strip 23, and blind holes are formed in the surface of the mine high-steep rock slope 10, opposite to the pressing holes; the expansion bolts 24 are knocked into the blind holes, and nuts of the expansion bolts 24 are tightly pressed with the outer surfaces of the metal pressing strips 23; the side, far away from the metal pressing strip 23, of the bar planting 19 is bound with a transverse bar 25 through a metal wire, and the inner face of the outer net layer 22 is attached to the transverse bar 25 and bound through the metal wire;
the inner net layer comprises a first inner net layer 20 and a second inner net layer 21, the first inner net layer 20 is paved on the concave surface, and the second inner net layer 21 is paved on the rest position of the mine high-steep rock slope 10; the first inner net layer 20 and the second inner net layer 21 are mutually overlapped, and the width of the overlapped position is 5cm-8cm; the lap joint of the first inner net layer 20 and the second inner net layer 21 is bound by iron wires;
porous concrete structure layers 26 are filled and poured between the first inner net layer 20 and the mine high-steep rock slope 10 and between the first inner net layer 20 and the outer net layer 22, coarse aggregates of the porous concrete structure layers 26 are light aggregates, cement is ordinary portland cement or slag portland cement with high strength, the coarse aggregates are lightweight aggregates such as pumice and ceramsite, the particle size is generally 5-40 mm, and single particle size is adopted; the cement and the coarse aggregate are added with water and stirred to prepare the cement-coarse aggregate composite material; a plurality of pouring grooves 261 are formed in the porous concrete structure layer 26, and tubular ecological concrete 27 is poured on the inner sides of the pouring grooves 261; the inner side of the ecological concrete 27 is filled with an external planting matrix 28, and the manifold base 7 and the cylinder 1 are embedded into the inner side of the ecological concrete 27 and are poured and solidified with the ecological concrete 27; the manifold base 7 and the cylinder body 1 are embedded into the inner side of the outer planting matrix 28; the ecological concrete 27 is formed by bonding light aggregate with larger grain diameter by adopting a high-strength adhesive, the matrix for growing plants 12 is stored by utilizing pores among the aggregates, after the plant 12 grows for a period of time in the inner planting matrix, the biological planting bag 11 is naturally decomposed, so that the roots of the plant 12 penetrate out of the strip through holes 4 from the biological planting bag 11 and enter the matrix of the pores among the aggregates of the ecological concrete 27 and the outer planting matrix 28 and can enter the porous concrete structure layer 26; thereby forming a bush and a climbing surface at the concave surface of the mine high and steep rock slope 10;
concrete layers 29 are filled and poured between the second inner net layer 21 and the mine high-steep rock slope 10 and between the second inner net layer 21 and the outer net layer 22; the metal pressing bar 23 is provided with an elastic claw 231; the elastic claw penetrates out of the outer net layer 22 and is elastically clamped with the outer net layer 22; the elastic claw 231, the planted bars 19 and the transverse bars 25 can integrally support the outer net layer 22, and set a pouring gap between the inner net layer and the outer net layer 22, and the pouring gap is formed between the inner net layer and the mine high-steep rock slope 10 through the cushion blocks;
vegetation concrete 30 is sprayed and planted between the outer net layer 22 and the porous concrete structure layer 26 and between the outer net layer 22 and the concrete layer 29 outside the outer net layer 22; the vegetation concrete 30 is formed by mixing sandy loam, cement, organic matters, greening additives and herbaceous plant seeds, wherein the sandy loam is prepared by drying, crushing and sieving earth surface soil of a side slope place, the sand grain content in the soil is required to be less than 5%, the maximum grain diameter is required to be less than 8mm, and the water content is required to be less than 20%; the cement adopts P32.5 ordinary Portland cement; the organic matter adopts lees, vinegar residues or crushed materials of fresh organic matters (rice hulls, straws and branches), wherein the crushed materials of the fresh organic matters are subjected to natural fermentation treatment before the base material is configured; the greening additive neutralizes the severe alkalinity caused by cement addition, adjusts the PH value of vegetation concrete 30, reduces hydration heat, increases the void ratio of the vegetation concrete 30, improves air permeability, changes the deformation characteristic of the vegetation concrete 30, and ensures that the vegetation concrete does not generate cracks; the provision of soil microorganisms and organic bacteria is beneficial to accelerating the activation of the vegetation concrete 30, and the vegetation concrete 30 can be directly sprayed and planted by adopting the existing spraying slurry.
The concrete layer 29 is a porous concrete structure layer 26 or a cement gravel aggregate concrete structure layer.
The concave surface of the mine high and steep rock slope 10 is a natural concave surface, a concave surface formed by mining or a plant 12 planting area selected during ecological restoration, and the concave surface is formed by presplitting blasting.
The ecological restoration method of the mine high and steep rock slope comprises the ecological restoration system of the mine high and steep rock slope, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
a. the surface treatment of the mine high and steep rock slope 10, the removal of plant 12 branches on the mine high and steep rock slope 10, the removal of underground rhizome, the removal of floating earth and pumice on the surface of the mine high and steep rock slope 10, and the knockdown of the bulge easy-falling part of dangerous rock;
b. the concave surface treatment of the mine high and steep rock slope 10 is carried out, a second inner net layer 21 is arranged on the concave surface which cannot accommodate the mine high and steep rock slope ecological restoration structure device, and presplitting blasting is carried out on the concave surface which accommodates the mine high and steep rock slope ecological restoration structure device with the number lower than a set number to enlarge the concave surface volume;
c. the method comprises the steps of laying a structural layer, drilling mounting holes of a bar planting 19 and mounting holes of expansion bolts 24 on a mine high-steep rock slope 10, then driving pouring adhesives into the mounting holes, embedding the bar planting 19 into the mounting holes, sleeving cushion blocks on the bar planting 19, hanging a first inner net layer 20 and a second inner net layer 21 on the bar planting 19, enabling the first inner net layer 20 and the second inner net layer 21 to be attached to the cushion blocks, and binding the lap joint of the first inner net layer 20 and the second inner net layer 21 through iron wires; then the expansion bolt 24 and the metal pressing strip 23 are connected in a penetrating way, and nuts are screwed on; the expansion bolts 24 are firstly knocked into the mounting holes, then the nuts are rotated, so that the threaded sleeves of the expansion bolts 24 are tightly expanded with the mounting holes, and the metal battens 23 are tightly pressed on the outer surfaces of the first inner mesh layer 20 and the second inner mesh layer 21; after the installation of the inner net layer is completed, binding transverse ribs 25 on the planted ribs 19 through metal wires, and binding the outer net layer 22 to the transverse ribs 25 and the planted ribs 19; the elastic claw is clamped with the outer net layer 22, and is bound with the outer net layer 22 through metal wires after being clamped;
d. the method comprises the steps of (1) pouring concrete, wherein a porous concrete structure layer 26 is poured at the concave surface of a high and steep rock slope 10 of a mine, and a concrete layer 29 is poured at the rest area; in the pouring process of the porous concrete structure layer 26, an outer mounting groove is formed in the position of the porous concrete structure layer 26 through a die, and prefabricated tubular ecological concrete 27 is poured or embedded in the outer mounting groove in situ; pouring and solidifying the outer wall of the ecological concrete 27 and the outer mounting groove;
e. installing the ecological restoration structure device of the mine high and steep rock slope, filling an external planting matrix 28 into the inner side of the ecological concrete 27, then embedding the manifold base 7 with the external planting matrix 28, and enabling the large liquid discharge pipe 9 to penetrate through the porous concrete structure layer 26 and be screwed with a screw hole body of the manifold base 7; next, embedding and curing the cylinder 1 into the ecological concrete 27; and the extension pipe section 5 is embedded and aligned with the manifold base 7;
f. vegetation concrete 30 is sprayed, and vegetation concrete 30 is sprayed outside the porous concrete structure layer 26 and the concrete layer 29 by a concrete sprayer.
Preferably, when the vegetation concrete 30 is sprayed, the outside of the flange 2 is covered with a separation film, and after the spraying and curing are completed, the separation film is torn.
The above embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and all changes and modifications that come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the structures, features and principles of the invention are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Claims (7)
1. The ecological restoration system for the high steep rock slope of the mine is characterized in that: including the ecological restoration structure device of high steep rock side slope in mine, ecological restoration structure device of high steep rock side slope in mine includes:
the cylinder body is integrally formed at the top end of the cylinder body, the outer diameter of the convex edge is larger than that of the cylinder body, and a notch is formed in the upper part of the top surface of the convex edge; the upper part of the cylinder body is provided with a plurality of strip through holes; an extension pipe section is arranged at the lower part of the bottom end of the cylinder body, and a liquid discharge hole is formed in the extension pipe section; the upper part of the bottom surface of the cylinder body is provided with balancing support legs;
the inner side of the manifold seat is integrally provided with a convex column, the extension pipe section is embedded with the manifold seat, and the convex column is embedded into the inner side of the manifold seat; a screw hole body is formed in the side part of the bottom surface of the manifold seat, and a large liquid discharge pipe is connected to the screw hole body in a screwed mode;
the cylinder body and the manifold seat are both fixed with a mine high-steep rock slope;
a biological plant-growing bag is arranged on the inner side of the cylinder body, and a water filtering hole is formed in the biological plant-growing bag; the inner side of the biological plant growth bag is filled with an inner planting matrix, and plants are planted on the inner side of the inner planting matrix; the inside of the convex edge is provided with a mesh plate, the top surface of the mesh plate is bonded with geotechnical cloth, at least one planting hole is formed in the geotechnical cloth and the mesh plate, plants penetrate through the planting hole, and the inside of the planting hole is coated with an elastic sleeve body; a sealing plate is integrally formed at the lower part of the top surface of the convex edge; the bottom of the outer side of the convex edge is connected with a small liquid discharge pipe in a screwed manner; the top surface of the mesh plate is filled with a gravel layer;
the ecological restoration structure device for the mine high and steep rock slope is arranged on the concave surface of the mine high and steep rock slope; each concave surface is used for accommodating a plurality of mine high-steep rock slope ecological restoration structure devices;
the reinforced concrete pile comprises a mine high steep rock slope surface, and is characterized by further comprising a reinforced concrete, an inner net layer and an outer net layer, wherein the reinforced concrete is fixed on the mine high steep rock slope surface in an array mode, and the inner net layer and the outer net layer are hung on the reinforced concrete; the cushion block is arranged between the surface of the mine high-steep rock slope and the inner net layer; the embedded bars pass through a metal pressing bar on the outer surface of the inner net layer, a plurality of pressing holes are formed in the metal pressing bar, and blind holes are formed in the surface of the mine high-steep rock slope opposite to the pressing holes; the expansion bolts are knocked into the blind holes, and nuts of the expansion bolts are tightly pressed with the outer surfaces of the metal pressing strips; the side, far away from the metal pressing strip, of the bar is bound with a transverse bar through a metal wire, and the inner surface of the outer net layer is attached to the transverse bar and bound through the metal wire;
the inner net layer comprises a first inner net layer and a second inner net layer, the first inner net layer is paved on the concave surface, and the second inner net layer is paved on the rest position of the mine high-steep rock slope; the first inner net layer and the second inner net layer are mutually overlapped, and the width of the overlapped position is 5cm-8cm; the lap joint of the first inner net layer and the second inner net layer is bound by iron wires;
a porous concrete structure layer is filled and poured between the first inner net layer and the mine high-steep rock slope and between the first inner net layer and the outer net layer; a plurality of pouring grooves are formed in the porous concrete structure layer, and tubular ecological concrete is poured on the inner sides of the pouring grooves; the inner side of the ecological concrete is filled with an external planting matrix, and the manifold base and the cylinder are embedded into the inner side of the ecological concrete and are poured and solidified with the ecological concrete; the manifold base and the cylinder are embedded into the inner side of the outer planting matrix;
concrete layers are filled and poured between the second inner net layer and the mine high-steep rock slope and between the second inner net layer and the outer net layer; the metal pressing strip is provided with an elastic claw; the elastic claw penetrates through the outer net layer and is elastically clamped with the outer net layer;
vegetation concrete is sprayed between the outer net layer and the concrete layer.
2. The mine high and steep rocky slope ecological restoration system according to claim 1, wherein: the cylinder circumference is made into a plurality of outer muscle bodies, the cylinder bottom is provided with the through-hole array.
3. The mine high and steep rocky slope ecological restoration system according to claim 1, wherein: the plant is a bush and/or vine.
4. The mine high and steep rocky slope ecological restoration system according to claim 1, wherein: the concrete layer is a porous concrete structure layer or a cement gravel aggregate concrete structure layer; the coarse aggregate of the porous concrete structure layer is light aggregate.
5. The mine high and steep rocky slope ecological restoration system according to claim 1, wherein: the concave surface of the mine high and steep rock slope is a natural concave surface, a concave surface formed by mining or a plant planting area selected during ecological restoration, and the concave surface is formed by presplitting blasting.
6. The ecological restoration method for the mine high and steep rock slope comprises the ecological restoration system for the mine high and steep rock slope according to any one of claims 1 to 5, and is characterized in that the method specifically comprises the following steps:
a. the surface treatment of the mine high and steep rock slope, the plant branches on the mine high and steep rock slope are shoveled, underground rootstock is dug out, the floating earth and pumice on the surface of the mine high and steep rock slope is removed, and the part of the dangerous rock, which protrudes and is easy to fall, is knocked down;
b. the method comprises the steps of carrying out concave surface treatment on a mine high and steep rock slope, laying a second inner net layer on concave surfaces which cannot accommodate the mine high and steep rock slope ecological restoration structure devices, and carrying out presplitting blasting on the concave surfaces which accommodate the mine high and steep rock slope ecological restoration structure devices, the number of which is lower than a set number, so as to enlarge the concave surface volume;
c. the method comprises the steps of laying a structural layer, drilling mounting holes for planting ribs and mounting holes for expansion bolts on a mine high-steep rock slope, then driving pouring adhesives into the mounting holes, embedding the planting ribs into the mounting holes, sleeving cushion blocks on the planting ribs, hanging a first inner net layer and a second inner net layer onto the planting ribs, enabling the first inner net layer and the second inner net layer to be attached to the cushion blocks, and binding overlapping positions of the first inner net layer and the second inner net layer through iron wires; then the expansion bolt and the metal pressing strip are connected in a penetrating way, and a nut is screwed; the expansion bolts are firstly knocked into the mounting holes, then the nuts are rotated, so that the threaded sleeves of the expansion bolts are tightly expanded with the mounting holes, and the metal pressing strips are tightly pressed on the outer surfaces of the first inner net layer and the second inner net layer; after the installation of the inner net layer is completed, binding transverse ribs on the planted ribs through metal wires, and binding the outer net layer to the transverse ribs and the planted ribs; the elastic claw is clamped with the outer net layer, and is bound with the outer net layer through the metal wire after being clamped;
d. pouring concrete, wherein the structural layer is used for pouring a porous concrete structural layer at the concave surface of the high and steep rock slope of the mine, and a concrete layer is poured at the rest area; in the pouring process of the porous concrete structure layer, an outer mounting groove is formed in the porous concrete structure layer through a die, and tubular ecological concrete is poured in the outer mounting groove in situ; pouring and solidifying the outer wall of the ecological concrete and the outer mounting groove;
e. installing the ecological restoration structure device of the mine high and steep rock slope, filling an external planting matrix into the ecological concrete, embedding the current collecting cavity seat with the external planting matrix, enabling a large liquid discharge pipe to penetrate through the porous concrete structure layer, and screwing the large liquid discharge pipe with a screw hole body of the current collecting cavity seat; then, embedding and solidifying the cylinder body into the ecological concrete; and the extension pipe section is jogged and aligned with the manifold base;
f. and spraying vegetation concrete outside the porous concrete structure layer and the concrete layer by a concrete sprayer.
7. The ecological restoration method for the mine high steep rock slope according to claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: when the vegetation concrete is sprayed, the outside of the convex edge is covered with the isolation film, and after the spraying solidification is finished, the isolation film is torn.
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| CN217850327U (en) * | 2022-05-07 | 2022-11-22 | 武汉工程大学 | Strip anchor spraying vegetation groove structure for ecological management of high and steep rock slope |
| CN218277953U (en) * | 2022-10-09 | 2023-01-13 | 泾县包合苏岭方解石矿(普通合伙) | Rock slope greening device |
| CN218604118U (en) * | 2021-04-28 | 2023-03-14 | 河北省地矿局国土资源勘查中心 | Mine side slope planting hole |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| KR20080020004A (en) * | 2006-08-30 | 2008-03-05 | 주식회사 삼보기술단 | Slope greening system using reinforcing member and therefor method |
| CN111480482A (en) * | 2020-03-18 | 2020-08-04 | 长沙凯天工研院环保服务有限公司 | Quick and lasting revegetation method for high and steep rocky slope vegetation |
| CN111851531A (en) * | 2020-07-16 | 2020-10-30 | 山西众泽通源生态科技有限公司 | High and steep rock slope ecological restoration system and method |
| CN218604118U (en) * | 2021-04-28 | 2023-03-14 | 河北省地矿局国土资源勘查中心 | Mine side slope planting hole |
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