CN107964962B - Technology for tightly combining wound surface hair generation and matrix layer of high and steep slope and construction method thereof - Google Patents
Technology for tightly combining wound surface hair generation and matrix layer of high and steep slope and construction method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The high and steep slope surface of a wound hair and substrate layer closely combined structure comprises a rocky slope surface of a wound, wherein a high-order aggregate substrate layer is arranged on the surface of the rocky slope surface, the outer surface of the high-order aggregate substrate layer is covered with a seed layer, furnace slag, perlite, ceramsite and vermiculite are arranged between the rocky slope surface and the high-order aggregate substrate layer, the furnace slag, the perlite, the ceramsite and the vermiculite are bonded on the rocky slope surface through cement or concrete, and the high-order aggregate substrate layer is covered and covered with the furnace slag, the perlite, the ceramsite and the vermiculite. The invention designs a technology for tightly combining the wound surface roughening and the matrix layer of the high and steep slope and a construction method thereof, which ensures that the combination between the rock slope surface and the high-order granular matrix layer is firmer through intermediate roughening between the rock slope surface and the high-order granular matrix layer, and solves the technical problem that the matrix of the high-order granular material is easy to separate from the smooth high and steep rock slope surface.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of landscaping, and particularly relates to a technology for tightly combining wound surface hair and a matrix layer of a high and steep slope and a construction method thereof.
Background
The steep slope environment such as highway subgrade, dykes and dams needs to be planted with vegetation to prevent water and soil loss. Because the soil layer on the steep slope is easy to be washed away by rainwater and lost, the green vegetation is not easy to survive. The more the vegetation is unable to survive, the more serious the water and soil loss. Therefore, landscaping workers want many methods, for example, mud is sprayed to construct soil, then a fixing net is covered on the soil, grass seeds are sown, and the like, but due to poor soil layer adhesion force, the slope gradient is steep, the construction method is not standard, soil layer slipping or a large amount of soil loss is still easy to generate before a vegetation root system is not deeply buried into a steep slope body, the planted vegetation cannot survive, and the like, although the application of high-order aggregate materials improves the aggregate property of the soil, the loss of a matrix used as the soil is basically solved, for the smooth high-steep rocky slope surface, the matrix of the high-order aggregate materials is easy to separate from the smooth high-steep rocky slope surface, and even if the wire netting and the batten are added for assistance, the matrix of the high-order aggregate materials is still easy to fall off.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problem that the matrix of the high-order granular material is easy to separate from the smooth high-steep rocky slope surface, the invention designs a technology for tightly combining the high-steep side slope wound surface roughening and the matrix layer and a construction method thereof.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the high and steep slope surface of a wound hair and substrate layer closely combined structure comprises a rocky slope surface of a wound, wherein a high-order aggregate substrate layer is arranged on the surface of the rocky slope surface, the outer surface of the high-order aggregate substrate layer is covered with a seed layer, furnace slag, perlite, ceramsite and vermiculite are arranged between the rocky slope surface and the high-order aggregate substrate layer, the furnace slag, the perlite, the ceramsite and the vermiculite are bonded on the rocky slope surface through cement or concrete, and the high-order aggregate substrate layer is covered and covered with the furnace slag, the perlite, the ceramsite and the vermiculite.
The wound surface hair of the high and steep slope is tightly combined with the matrix layer, and the diameters of the slag, the perlite, the ceramsite and the vermiculite are 0.5-5 cm.
The wound surface hair of the high and steep slope is tightly combined with the substrate layer, and the diameter of the slag is 1-3 cm.
The wound surface hair-making and matrix layer tight combination structure of the high and steep slope is characterized in that the thickness of the cement or concrete is 2-10 mm.
The wound surface hair-making and matrix layer tight combination structure of the high and steep slope is characterized in that the thickness of the cement or concrete is 3-6 mm.
The wound surface hair of the high and steep slope is tightly combined with the matrix layer, the cement or concrete is sprayed on the rock slope surface, and the slag is thrown on the solidified cement or concrete.
The technique for tightly combining the wound surface hair and the matrix layer of the high and steep slope and the construction method thereof comprise the following steps:
(1) leveling the slope surface and removing pumice;
(2) spraying cement or concrete; throwing slag, perlite, ceramsite and vermiculite;
(3) installing an anchor rod; suspending a silk screen and laying a base material attaching platform;
(4) filling reinforcement and laying a fiber framework layer;
(5) base material configuration and culture of a base material nutrition layer material;
(6) spraying a substrate layer and a seed layer by using graded pressurizing and multistage pressurizing equipment;
(7) spraying a fiber protective layer;
(8) an infiltrating irrigation comprehensive maintenance system.
The technique for tightly combining the wound surface hair and the matrix layer of the high and steep slope and the construction method thereof comprise the following steps:
(1) leveling a slope surface, removing pumice, wherein the leveling of the slope surface is to follow the principle of being carried out from top to bottom in a segmented and partitioned manner, crushing and cleaning loose rocks and dangerous rock masses, carrying out proper squaring treatment on a local abnormally steep area, excavating a strongly weathered layer in a manual or mechanical prying manner, cleaning all barriers hindering construction such as garbage, weeds, tree roots and waste residues on a wound surface part, leveling and smoothing the wound surface part as much as possible to avoid large protrusions and depressions, adopting a comprehensive landscape treatment scheme on a large boulder, combining a later-stage whole wound surface greening plant structure, enabling the boulder to form a harmonious and unique landscape effect with slope vegetation as much as possible, timely transferring and reasonably treating cleaned sundries and wastes to avoid secondary pollution;
(2) Spraying cement or concrete; throwing slag, perlite, ceramsite and vermiculite; spraying water on the rocky slope surface to mix the cement or concrete into paste, and spraying the paste cement or concrete on the wet rocky slope surface by using a spray sowing machine, wherein the spray sowing thickness is 2-10mm, and preferably 3-6 mm; sieving the slag, the perlite, the ceramsite and the vermiculite, selecting the slag, the perlite, the ceramsite and the vermiculite with the diameter of 0.5-5cm, preferably the slag, the perlite, the ceramsite and the vermiculite with the diameter of 1-3cm, and throwing the selected slag, the perlite, the ceramsite and the vermiculite on the sprayed cement or concrete for curing.
(3) The step of installing the anchor rod can be used for reinforcing the slope surface by adopting a traditional slope protection mode aiming at different slope surface geological structures and combining the characteristics of local climate and hydrology under the condition that the rock slope shape is steep, such as spraying cement or concrete after anchor rod anchor cable slope protection and grid frame strip slope protection and throwing slag, perlite, ceramsite and vermiculite; then protecting the traditional slope surface except the cement concrete spraying slope protection by using several common slope protection treatment methods such as an active protective net, a passive protective net, a flexible protective net slope protection and the like, keeping the slope surface stable and firm, and creating good precondition for the subsequent spray seeding greening construction to avoid the generation of secondary disasters; hanging a silk screen, laying a substrate attachment platform, building a bottom substrate attachment platform by adopting galvanized crocheted wire netting, selecting wire netting with different models aiming at different wound surfaces, and reinforcing by matching with a U-shaped clamp or an anchor rod firmware; when laying, the wire netting should be laid along the slope surface from top to bottom, tensioned to the slope bottom, then anchored by an anchor rod, and laid for the next width; the lapping width of the two net edges is not less than one mesh, the two net edges are fastened by iron wires, and a gap is reserved between the two nets and is also fastened firmly by the iron wires; when the main anchor rod is used for fixing the wire netting on the slope top, the wire netting is fixed in the middle of the anchor rod and then is driven into the anchor rod; partial planting soil or plant fibers are artificially filled before the local sunken deeper slope is lapped, so that the slope is integrally smooth; the abnormal steep slope adopts double-layer wire netting to increase the strength and the adhesive force of a bottom platform, thereby being beneficial to the subsequent base material spray seeding operation; the base material wire mesh platform is built to form full coverage on the whole slope surface, so that the whole wire mesh forms a uniform stress surface, when the slope surface rock collapses and falls off, local concentrated load can be uniformly transmitted to the periphery to fully exert the protection capability of the whole system, namely the local load is applied and the whole function is realized, so that the system can bear larger load and the anchoring force requirement of a single anchor rod is reduced, and the integral protection effect on the slope surface is realized; after the laying of the wire netting is finished, cross beams can be bound on the slope at intervals aiming at local extremely steep parts, and the cross beams are additionally arranged according to the standard of combining the specification of the cross beams with the actual condition of the slope so as to be beneficial to adhering a spray-seeding substrate; the cross timber is firmly combined with the slope surface, and the cross timber is combined and reinforced by adopting various modes such as U-shaped clamps, steel nails, deformed steel bars, expansion bolts and the like according to different conditions;
(4) Filling reinforcement and paving a fiber framework layer, adopting natural plant fibers with the length of about 20-60cm, selecting different fiber materials such as straws of various crops such as rice straws, wheat straws, corn straws and the like as raw materials according to different areas where construction is performed, arranging the raw materials into bundles with the diameter of 3-5 cm, transversely inserting the plant fibers into the meshes of the wire netting from top to bottom at the intervals of 5-20cm, fixing the intervals according to the steep formation degree of a slope, ensuring that the common steep slope is dense, the slow slope is large in interval, and the inserted fiber thickness is about 3-5 cm, keeping the air permeability and the bulkiness of the inserted fiber materials, and properly increasing the thickness of the partially sunken slope; the two groups of transverse fiber material combining parts are bound and connected by iron wires or hemp ropes, so that the toughness of the transverse fiber framework part is improved, and each transverse fiber framework is integrated and firmly connected with the iron wire net of the bottom layer attaching platform; after the transverse fiber frameworks are laid, the longitudinal parts of the transverse fiber frameworks are respectively made of 2-3mm thick natural hemp ropes, the transverse fiber frameworks and the wire netting are integrally bound at a longitudinal interval of 80-100cm, each longitudinal hemp rope is wound and bound from the top by adopting a half-knot method, the wire netting and the transverse fiber frameworks are firmly bound on the bottom layer wire netting and the anchor, and the transverse main fiber framework, the longitudinal fiber frameworks and the bottom wire netting form an interwoven mesh structure;
(5) The method comprises the following steps of (1) base material preparation and substrate nutrient layer material culture, wherein the nutrient layer is bed soil which is specially prepared for satisfying the growth and development of seedlings, contains multiple mineral nutrients, is loose and ventilated, has strong water and fertilizer retention capacity and does not have diseases and insect pests; the nutrient layer is generally prepared by mixing planting soil and decomposed animal manure, and is subjected to stacking fermentation through a special process; mixing the fermented nutrient material with the crushed and screened dry cow dung in a ratio of 3: 1; the pH value of the cultured nutrient medium is measured before spray seeding operation, and the pH value of the nutrient medium is pertinently adjusted by combining the pH value of the planting soil for local spray seeding, so that the spray seeding base material is more favorable for the growth of plant communities; the specific scheme of nutrient layer stacking fermentation is as follows:
1. and (4) proportioning the materials. 1.5 tons of dry cow dung (about 2.5 tons of fresh dung) is added with 1 kilogram of organic fertilizer leavening agent, 40 percent of crushed peanut shells, 48 percent of corncobs, 4 to 5 percent of cottonseed cake powder, 1 percent of calcium superphosphate, 1 to 2 percent of plant ash, 0.3 to 0.5 percent of urea and 2 to 3 percent of lime are mixed according to the material proportion (or substitutes such as sawdust, rice husks and the like) of cow dung and mixed material 1: 3, uniformly mixing;
2. and (5) stacking the materials. Too small and too short to be made during stacking can affect fermentation, and the stacking fermentation is performed at the height of 1.5-2 meters, the width of 2 meters and the length of more than 2-4 meters;
3. Temperature requirements. The starting temperature is above 15 ℃;
4. and (5) water content requirement. The water content of the fermented material is controlled to be about 65%;
5. turning and ventilating. During the fermentation process, proper oxygen supply and pile turning (turning over for several times when the temperature is increased to 75 ℃ or above) are required, the temperature is controlled to be about 65 ℃, and nutrients are influenced by too high temperature;
6. and (5) finishing fermentation. The fermentation can be completed within 15 days generally, the material is black brown, and the temperature begins to be reduced to the normal temperature, which indicates that the fermentation is completed. If the auxiliary materials such as sawdust, wood chips and rice hulls are too much, the fermentation time is prolonged until the materials are thoroughly decomposed;
7. after fermentation, airing and packaging to slow down fertilizer efficiency loss;
(6) the method comprises the steps of carrying out step pressurization and multi-stage pressurization equipment for spraying and seeding a matrix layer and a seed layer, utilizing a high-lift spraying and seeding machine and a booster pump to realize the effective combination of full mixing and conveying distance of materials, carrying out multi-stage pressurization matched with hanging basket operation, spraying and seeding a matrix nutrition layer with the thickness of 6-8cm on a slope fiber framework layer, wherein the ratio is 49% of planting soil, 50% of special nutrition material, 0.5% of soil conditioner and 0.5% of water-retaining agent, spraying the proportioned matrix material on the framework layer for 2-3 times through special spraying and seeding equipment, and spraying and seeding the seed layer mixed with comprehensive grass seeds with the thickness of 1-1.5cm after the thickness of the matrix layer meets the requirement, thereby completing the spraying and seeding operation of the matrix;
(7) Spraying a fiber protective layer, adopting a special fiber material after the seed layer is sprayed, and spraying a special fiber material with the thickness of about 0.5-1cm on the seed layer, thereby further protecting the whole matrix layer; after the spray seeding of the fiber protective layer is finished, covering and protecting the whole construction working face by using special non-woven fabrics or sunshade nets;
(8) filtration irrigation comprehensive maintenance system includes: rainwater collection system, filtration system, conveyer pipe, bayonet filtration irrigation head. And paving infiltrating irrigation pipelines with different densities according to different slopes to achieve full coverage.
By adopting the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
slag, perlite, ceramsite and vermiculite are arranged between the rocky slope surface and the high-order aggregate matrix layer, the perlite has the characteristic of good porous water retention, the vermiculite is a natural non-toxic mineral substance and has a great effect on the nutrition of soil, the slag, the perlite, the ceramsite and the vermiculite are bonded on the rocky slope surface through cement or concrete, and the high-order aggregate matrix layer covers and covers the slag, the perlite, the ceramsite and the vermiculite. Because cement or concrete is firmly bonded with the rocky slope surface, the cement or concrete is also firmly bonded with the slag of the honeycomb structure, and is also firmly bonded with ceramsite, perlite and vermiculite, the rocky slope surface is firmly bonded with the slag, the perlite, the ceramsite and the vermiculite through the cement or concrete to form a rough surface; the slag, the perlite, the ceramsite and the vermiculite are firmly combined with the high-order granular matrix, so that the combination between the rocky slope surface and the high-order granular matrix layer is firm, and the technical problem that the matrix of the high-order granular material is easy to separate from the smooth high-steep rocky slope surface is solved. The diameter of the structures of the furnace slag, the perlite, the ceramsite and the vermiculite is 0.5-5cm, the diameter of the furnace slag is preferably 1-3cm, the thickness of the cement or the concrete is 2-10mm, and the thickness of the cement or the concrete is preferably 3-6mm, so that the slope-shaped surface of the rock can be bonded with the furnace slag, the perlite, the ceramsite and the vermiculite more firmly through the cement or the concrete, the slope is slower than the slope-shaped surface of the rock, and the cost can be saved without reinforcing iron wire nets, transverse battens and the like; especially, the slag, perlite and ceramsite of the honeycomb structure are materials for storing water, so that the water storage capacity of the high-order aggregate matrix layer containing the honeycomb structure is increased.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the longitudinal cross-sectional structure of the present invention.
A rocky slope surface 1, a cement or concrete layer 2, furnace slag 3, a matrix layer 4 of high-order aggregate materials and a seed layer 5.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention is provided in conjunction with the appended drawings:
as shown in figure 1, the structure for tightly combining the roughening of the high and steep slope wound surface with the matrix layer comprises a rocky slope wound surface, wherein a high-order granular matrix layer 4 is arranged on the surface of the rocky slope wound surface, namely the rocky slope surface 1, a seed layer 5 covers the outer surface of the high-order granular matrix layer 4, furnace slag 3, perlite, ceramsite and vermiculite are arranged between the rocky slope surface 1 and the high-order granular matrix layer 4, the furnace slag 3, the perlite, the ceramsite and the vermiculite are bonded on the rocky slope surface 1 through cement or concrete 2, and the high-order granular matrix layer 4 covers and covers the furnace slag 3, the perlite, the ceramsite and the vermiculite. The diameter of the slag 3, the perlite, the ceramsite and the vermiculite is 0.5-5cm, the diameter of the slag is 1-3cm, the thickness of the cement or the concrete is 2-10mm, the thickness of the cement or the concrete is 3-6mm, the cement or the concrete is sprayed on the rocky slope-shaped surface, and the slag is thrown on the solidified cement or the concrete.
The slope wound greening construction method comprises the following steps:
(1) leveling the slope surface and removing pumice.
(2) Spraying cement or concrete; throwing slag 3, perlite, ceramsite and vermiculite;
(3) installing an anchor rod; suspending a silk screen and laying a base material attaching platform;
(4) filling reinforced ribs and laying fiber framework layers.
(5) Base material configuration and substrate nutrient layer material culture.
(6) And spraying the substrate layer and the seed layer by using a grading pressurizing and multistage pressurizing device.
(7) And spraying and seeding the fiber protective layer.
(8) An infiltrating irrigation comprehensive maintenance system.
The technique for tightly combining the wound surface hair and the matrix layer of the high and steep slope and the construction method thereof are as follows:
(1) leveling a slope surface, removing pumice, wherein the leveling slope surface is subject to the principle of going from top to bottom and sectional zoning, the loosened rock and dangerous rock bodies are crushed and cleaned, a local abnormal steep area is properly chamfered, a strong weathering layer is excavated by adopting a manual or mechanical prying mode, and all barriers hindering construction, such as garbage, weeds, tree roots, waste residues and the like, of a wound surface part are cleaned, the wound surface part is leveled and smooth as much as possible to avoid large protrusions and depressions, a comprehensive landscape treatment scheme is adopted for large boulders, and a later-stage whole wound surface greening plant structure is combined, so that the boulder can form a harmonious and unique landscape effect with slope vegetation as much as possible, the cleaned sundries and wastes are timely transported and treated in a harmonious manner, and secondary pollution is avoided.
(2) Spraying cement or concrete; throwing slag 3, perlite, ceramsite and vermiculite; spraying water on the rocky slope surface to mix the cement or concrete into paste, and spraying the paste cement or concrete on the wet rocky slope surface by using a spray sowing machine, wherein the spray sowing thickness is 2-10mm, and preferably 3-6 mm; sieving the slag 3, the perlite, the ceramsite and the vermiculite, selecting the slag 3, the perlite, the ceramsite and the vermiculite with the diameter of 0.5-5cm, preferably selecting the slag with the diameter of 1-3cm, and throwing the selected slag 3, the perlite, the ceramsite and the vermiculite on the sprayed cement or concrete for curing.
(3) The step of installing the anchor rod can be used for reinforcing the slope surface by adopting a traditional slope protection mode aiming at different slope surface geological structures and combining the characteristics of local climate and hydrology under the condition that the rock slope shape is steep, such as spraying cement or concrete and throwing slag after anchor rod anchor cable slope protection and grid frame strip slope protection; then protecting the traditional slope surface except the cement concrete spraying slope protection by using several common slope protection treatment methods such as an active protective net, a passive protective net, a flexible protective net slope protection and the like, keeping the slope surface stable and firm, and creating good precondition for the subsequent spray seeding greening construction to avoid the generation of secondary disasters; hanging wire netting, laying a substrate attachment platform, building a bottom substrate attachment platform by adopting galvanized crocheted wire netting, selecting wire netting with different types aiming at different wound surfaces, and reinforcing by matching with a U-shaped clamp or an anchor rod firmware; when laying, the wire netting should be laid along the slope surface from top to bottom, tensioned to the slope bottom, then anchored by an anchor rod, and laid for the next width; the lapping width of the two net edges is not less than one mesh, the two net edges are fastened by iron wires, and a gap is reserved between the two nets and is also fastened firmly by the iron wires; when the main anchor rod is used for fixing the wire netting on the slope top, the wire netting is fixed in the middle of the anchor rod and then is driven into the anchor rod; partial planting soil or plant fibers are artificially filled before the local sunken deeper slope is lapped, so that the slope is integrally smooth; the abnormal steep slope adopts double-layer wire netting to increase the strength and the adhesive force of a bottom platform, thereby being beneficial to the subsequent base material spray seeding operation; the base material wire mesh platform is built to form full coverage on the whole slope surface, so that the whole wire mesh forms a uniform stress surface, when the slope surface rock collapses and falls off, local concentrated load can be uniformly transmitted to the periphery to fully exert the protection capability of the whole system, namely the local load is applied and the whole function is realized, so that the system can bear larger load and the anchoring force requirement of a single anchor rod is reduced, and the integral protection effect on the slope surface is realized; after the laying of the wire netting is finished, cross beams can be bound on the slope at intervals aiming at local extremely steep parts, and the cross beams are additionally arranged according to the standard of combining the specification of the cross beams with the actual condition of the slope so as to be beneficial to adhering a spray-seeding substrate; the ledger will combine firmly with domatic, select for use multiple modes such as steel nail, screw-thread steel, inflation bolt to combine to consolidate the ledger to different situations.
(4) Filling reinforcement and paving a fiber framework layer, adopting natural plant fibers with the length of about 20-60cm, selecting different fiber materials such as straws of various crops such as rice straws, wheat straws, corn straws and the like as raw materials according to different areas where construction is performed, arranging the raw materials into bundles with the diameter of 3-5 cm, transversely inserting the plant fibers into the meshes of the wire netting from top to bottom at the intervals of 5-20cm, fixing the intervals according to the steep formation degree of a slope, ensuring that the common steep slope is dense, the slow slope is large in interval, and the inserted fiber thickness is about 3-5 cm, keeping the air permeability and the bulkiness of the inserted fiber materials, and properly increasing the thickness of the partially sunken slope; the two groups of transverse fiber material combining parts are bound and connected by iron wires or hemp ropes, so that the toughness of the transverse fiber framework part is improved, and each transverse fiber framework is integrated and firmly connected with the iron wire net of the bottom layer attaching platform; after the transverse fiber frameworks are laid, the longitudinal parts of the transverse fiber frameworks are made of 2-3mm thick natural hemp ropes, the transverse fiber frameworks and the wire netting are integrally bound at a longitudinal interval of 80-100cm, each longitudinal hemp rope is wound and bound from the top by adopting a half-knot method, and the wire netting and the transverse fiber frameworks are firmly bound on the bottom layer wire netting and the anchor, so that the transverse main fiber framework, the longitudinal fiber frameworks and the bottom wire netting form an interwoven net-shaped structure, the purposes of increasing the adhesive force of the spray-seeding base material and keeping the water retention, air permeability and hydrophobicity of the spray-seeding base material are achieved, the specific gravity of the spray-seeding base material soil is reduced, the toughness of the spray-seeding base material is increased, and the spray-seeding layer landslide caused by rain wash and infiltration are prevented. After the plant fiber framework is covered with the spray-seeding layer, organic matters required by plant growth can be effectively supplemented in the process of slowly decomposing in soil, organic acid generated in the process of decomposing crop straws can promote insoluble phosphate in the soil to be converted into weak-acid soluble phosphate, the soil fertilizer efficiency is greatly improved, the soil water storage and preservation effect of the soil is further improved, a good growth environment is provided for surface layer plant growth, and the formation of a wound surface 1 micro-ecological circulation system is promoted.
(5) The method comprises the following steps of (1) base material preparation and substrate nutrient layer material culture, wherein the nutrient layer is bed soil which is specially prepared for satisfying the growth and development of seedlings, contains multiple mineral nutrients, is loose and ventilated, has strong water and fertilizer retention capacity and does not have diseases and insect pests; the nutrient layer is generally prepared by mixing planting soil and decomposed animal manure, and is subjected to stacking fermentation through a special process; mixing the fermented nutrient material with the crushed and screened dry cow dung in a ratio of 3: 1; the pH value of the cultured nutrient medium is measured before spray seeding operation, and the pH value of the nutrient medium is pertinently adjusted by combining the acidity and alkalinity of the planting soil for local spray seeding, so that the spray seeding base material is more favorable for the growth of plant communities. The specific scheme of nutrient layer stacking fermentation is as follows:
1. and (4) proportioning the materials. 1.5 tons of dry cow dung (about 2.5 tons of fresh dung) is added with 1 kilogram of organic fertilizer leavening agent, 40 percent of crushed peanut shells, 48 percent of corncobs, 4 to 5 percent of cottonseed cake powder, 1 percent of calcium superphosphate, 1 to 2 percent of plant ash, 0.3 to 0.5 percent of urea and 2 to 3 percent of lime are mixed according to the material proportion (or substitutes such as sawdust, rice husks and the like) of cow dung and mixed material 1: 3, mixing uniformly.
2. And (5) stacking the materials. Too small and too short to be made during stacking can affect fermentation, and the stacking fermentation is performed at the height of 1.5-2 meters, the width of 2 meters and the length of more than 2-4 meters.
3. Temperature requirements. The start-up temperature should be above 15 ℃.
4. And (5) water content requirement. The water content of the fermented material should be controlled at about 65%.
5. Turning and ventilating. During the fermentation process, proper oxygen supply and pile turning (turning over for several times when the temperature is increased to 75 ℃ or above) are required, the temperature is controlled to be about 65 ℃, and nutrients are influenced by too high temperature.
6. And (5) finishing fermentation. The fermentation can be completed within 15 days generally, the material is black brown, and the temperature begins to be reduced to the normal temperature, which indicates that the fermentation is completed. If the auxiliary materials such as sawdust, wood chips and rice hulls are too much, the fermentation time should be prolonged until the materials are thoroughly decomposed.
7. After fermentation, airing treatment and packaging in a sealed bag to slow down fertilizer efficiency loss.
The nutrient soil of the substrate layer cultured by the technology has high organic matter content, complete nutrients, reasonable soil structure and active beneficial microorganisms, and is characterized in that the soil has nutrition, has good soil ecological environment and can meet the healthy growth of crops; has strong water and fertilizer retention capacity and can improve the survival rate of plants.
(6) The method comprises the steps of carrying out spray seeding on a substrate layer and a seed layer 5 by using a multistage pressurizing device, carrying out effective combination of full mixing and conveying distance of materials by using a high-lift spray seeding machine and a booster pump, carrying out spray seeding on a substrate nutrition layer with the thickness of 6-8cm on a slope fiber framework layer by using multistage pressurizing and hanging basket matching operation, wherein the ratio of planting soil is 49%, the ratio of special nutrition materials is 50%, the ratio of a soil modifier is 0.5% and the ratio of a water retaining agent is 0.5%, spraying the proportioned substrate materials on the framework layer for 2-3 times by using special spray seeding equipment, and carrying out spray seeding on the seed layer 5 mixed with comprehensive grass seeds with the thickness of 1-1.5cm after the thickness meets the requirement, thereby completing the spray seeding operation of the substrate.
The traditional spray seeding machine is limited by the machine in material conveying distance, and is difficult to spray seeding on a slope surface over 150 meters. The hydraulic conveying pump can meet the requirements on conveying distance, but the requirement cannot be met due to the fact that the conveying pump is not uniform in material mixing, and the adhesive, the soil conditioner, the fiber material and the like cannot be sufficiently stirred, and the rain-proof water scouring effect is caused. Therefore, the traditional spray seeding operation equipment is difficult to effectively spray seeding on the slope with the slope height of more than 150 meters.
The technology adopts a constant Rui mechanical special two-stage energy-saving high-lift spray seeder, and is matched with a booster pump of the constant Rui mechanical invention to realize the effective combination of full mixing and conveying distance of materials, and particularly adopts high-altitude hanging basket operation aiming at high steep slopes, thereby solving various difficulties in the traditional spray seeding operation construction such as difficult material conveying of the high steep slopes, poor rain washing prevention effect of spray seeding base materials, low construction efficiency, overhigh cost and the like, and effectively carrying out spray seeding greening operation on the high steep slopes. Through multistage pressurization cooperation hanging flower basket operation, fine solution at present domestic to surpassing 150 meters domatic effectively spray-seeding operation, this technique has broken through the limitation of traditional spray-seeding equipment, can effectively realize carrying out effective spray-seeding operation to the surface of a wound 1 within 1000 meters of domatic slope length through the combination of multistage, many force (forcing) pumps. The technology fills the technical blank in spray-seeding greening at home and abroad, and well solves the technical problem of ecological restoration of the ultra-high steep wound surface 1 mountain
(7) The special fiber protective layer is sprayed, after the seed layer 5 is sprayed, special fiber materials are adopted, and the special fiber materials with the thickness of about 0.5-1cm are sprayed on the seed layer 5, so that the whole matrix layer is further protected. After the fiber protective layer is sprayed, the whole construction operation surface is covered and protected by a special non-woven fabric or a sunshade net, the vegetation in the seedling stage is enhanced and protected while the heat and moisture are preserved, the erosion of rainwater on the spray-seeding substrate is further prevented, and the final greening effect is ensured.
(8) Filtration irrigation comprehensive maintenance system includes: rainwater collection system, filtration system, conveyer pipe, bayonet filtration irrigation head. And paving infiltrating irrigation pipelines with different densities according to different slopes to achieve full coverage.
The inserted root infiltrating irrigation device comprises a cylindrical inserted link and an inserted link cap; the tail end of the inserted rod is provided with a conical end which is convenient to insert underground, the top surface of the inserted rod is provided with a central hole which extends to the vicinity of the conical end, and the side wall of the central hole at the lower part of the inserted rod is provided with a plurality of water seepage holes; the filter screen is correspondingly sleeved in the central hole, and the movable cover of the inserted bar cap is arranged at the top end of the inserted bar. The ground-inserting type root infiltrating irrigation device adopted by the technology has the advantages that the inserted rod can be pulled out after being inserted into the infiltrating irrigation device for use, the effects of convenient cleaning and maintenance and repeated use are achieved, the filter screen is arranged in the central hole, soil and sand can be prevented from entering the central hole through the infiltrating hole, the central hole is prevented from being blocked, and the infiltrating irrigation is ensured to be smooth and effective.
Claims (1)
1. A construction method for tightly combining wound surface hair generation and a matrix layer of a high and steep slope is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
1) leveling a slope surface, removing pumice, wherein the leveling of the slope surface is to follow the principle of being carried out from top to bottom in a segmented and partitioned manner, crushing and cleaning loose rocks and dangerous rock masses, properly squaring a local abnormally steep area, excavating a strongly weathered layer by adopting a manual or mechanical prying mode, cleaning barriers which are obstructing construction of a wound surface part, leveling and smoothing the wound surface part as much as possible to avoid large bulges and depressions, adopting a comprehensive landscape treatment scheme for large boulders, combining a later-stage whole wound surface greening plant structure, enabling the boulders to form a harmonious and unique landscape effect with slope vegetation as much as possible, timely transferring and coordinating disposal cleaned sundries and wastes, and avoiding secondary pollution;
2) spraying cement or concrete; throwing slag, perlite, ceramsite and vermiculite; spraying water on the rocky slope surface, mixing the cement or concrete into paste, and spraying the paste cement or concrete on the wet rocky slope surface by using a spray sowing machine, wherein the spray sowing thickness is 2-10 mm; sieving the slag, the perlite, the ceramsite and the vermiculite, selecting the slag, the perlite, the ceramsite and the vermiculite with the diameter of 0.5-5cm, and throwing the selected slag, the perlite, the ceramsite and the vermiculite on the sprayed cement or concrete for curing;
3) Installing an anchor rod, hanging a silk screen and laying a base material attaching platform; the step of installing the anchor rod is that under the condition that the rock slope shape is steep, the slope surface is reinforced by adopting a traditional slope protection mode aiming at different slope surface geological structures and combining the characteristics of local climate and hydrology, and then cement or concrete is sprayed and slag is thrown; then, an active protective net and a passive protective net are adopted for slope protection treatment, the traditional slope surface except the cement concrete spraying slope protection is protected, the slope surface is kept stable and firm, and good precondition is created for the subsequent spray seeding greening construction to avoid secondary disasters; hanging a silk screen, laying a substrate attachment platform, building a bottom substrate attachment platform by adopting galvanized crocheted wire netting, selecting wire netting with different models aiming at different wound surfaces, and reinforcing by matching with a U-shaped clamp or an anchor rod firmware; when laying, the wire netting should be laid along the slope surface from top to bottom, tensioned to the slope bottom, then anchored by an anchor rod, and laid for the next width; the lapping width of the two net edges is not less than one mesh, the two net edges are fastened by iron wires, and a gap is reserved between the two nets and is also fastened firmly by the iron wires; when the main anchor rod is used for fixing the wire netting on the slope top, the wire netting is fixed in the middle of the anchor rod and then is driven into the anchor rod; partial planting soil or plant fibers are artificially filled before the local sunken deeper slope is lapped, so that the slope is integrally smooth; the abnormal steep slope adopts double-layer wire netting to increase the strength and the adhesive force of a bottom platform, thereby being beneficial to the subsequent base material spray seeding operation; the base material wire mesh platform is built to form full coverage on the whole slope surface, so that the whole wire mesh forms a uniform stress surface, when the slope surface rock collapses and falls off, local concentrated load can be uniformly transmitted to the periphery to fully exert the protection capability of the whole system, namely the local load is applied and the whole function is realized, so that the system can bear larger load and the anchoring force requirement of a single anchor rod is reduced, and the integral protection effect on the slope surface is realized; after the laying of the wire netting is finished, cross beams are bound on the slope at intervals aiming at local extremely steep parts, and the cross beams are additionally arranged according to the standard of combining the specification of the cross beams with the actual condition of the slope so as to be beneficial to the attachment of a spray-seeding substrate; the cross bar is firmly combined with the slope surface, and U-shaped clamps, steel nails, deformed steel bars and expansion bolts are selected to be combined and reinforced according to different conditions;
4) Filling reinforcement and laying a fiber framework layer, adopting natural plant fibers with the length of 20-60cm, selecting different fiber materials, namely crop straws as raw materials according to different construction areas, arranging the raw materials into bundles with the diameter of 3-5cm, transversely spacing the meshes of the wire netting by 5-20cm, inserting the plant fibers from top to bottom to fill the meshes, fixing the spacing according to the steep formation of the slope, wherein the common steep slope is dense, the spacing of the gentle slope is large, the thickness of the inserted fibers is 3-5cm, the air permeability and the bulkiness of the inserted fiber materials are kept, and the thickness of the partially sunken slope is properly increased; the two groups of transverse fiber material combining parts are bound and connected by iron wires or hemp ropes, so that the toughness of the transverse fiber framework part is improved, and each transverse fiber framework is integrated and firmly connected with the iron wire net of the bottom layer attaching platform; after the transverse fiber frameworks are laid, the longitudinal parts of the transverse fiber frameworks are respectively made of 2-3mm thick natural hemp ropes, the transverse fiber frameworks and the wire netting are integrally bound at a longitudinal interval of 80-100cm, each longitudinal hemp rope is wound and bound from the top by adopting a half-knot method, the wire netting and the transverse fiber frameworks are firmly bound on the bottom layer wire netting and the anchor, and the transverse main fiber framework, the longitudinal fiber frameworks and the bottom wire netting form an interwoven mesh structure;
5) The method comprises the following steps of (1) base material preparation and substrate nutrient layer material culture, wherein the nutrient layer is bed soil which is specially prepared for satisfying the growth and development of seedlings, contains multiple mineral nutrients, is loose and ventilated, has strong water and fertilizer retention capacity and does not have diseases and insect pests; the nutrient layer is generally prepared by mixing planting soil and decomposed animal manure, and is subjected to stacking fermentation through a special process; mixing the fermented nutrient material with the crushed and screened dry cow dung in a ratio of 3: 1; the pH value of the cultured nutrient medium is measured before spray seeding operation, and the pH value of the nutrient medium is pertinently adjusted by combining the pH value of the planting soil for local spray seeding, so that the spray seeding base material is more favorable for the growth of plant communities; the specific scheme of nutrient layer stacking fermentation is as follows:
(1) material proportioning: 1.5 tons of dry cow dung or fresh manure 2.5 tons, adding 1 kilogram of organic fertilizer leavening agent, by weight, 40 parts of crushed peanut shells, 48 parts of corncobs, 4-5 parts of cottonseed cake powder, 1 part of calcium superphosphate, 1-2 parts of plant ash, 0.3-0.5 part of urea and 2-3 parts of lime are mixed according to the proportion, and the weight ratio of cow dung to the mixed material is 1: 3, uniformly mixing;
(2) material stacking: too small and too short to be made during stacking can affect fermentation, and the stacking fermentation is performed at a height of 1.5-2 meters, a width of 2 meters and a length of more than 2-4 meters;
(3) Temperature requirements are as follows: the starting temperature is above 15 ℃;
(4) the water content requirement is as follows: the water content of the fermented material is controlled to be about 65%;
(5) turning and ventilating: during the fermentation process, proper oxygen supply and pile turning are required, the fermentation product is turned over for several times when the temperature is increased to over 75 ℃, the temperature is controlled to be about 65 ℃, and nutrients are influenced by too high temperature;
(6) and (3) completing fermentation: the fermentation can be completed within 15 days generally, the material is black brown, and the temperature begins to be reduced to the normal temperature, which indicates that the fermentation is completed; if the auxiliary materials such as sawdust, wood chips and rice hulls are too much, the fermentation time is prolonged until the materials are thoroughly decomposed;
(7) after fermentation, airing and packaging to slow down fertilizer efficiency loss;
6) the method comprises the steps of carrying out step pressurization and multi-stage pressurization equipment for spraying and seeding a matrix layer and a seed layer, utilizing a high-lift spraying and seeding machine and a booster pump to realize the effective combination of full mixing and conveying distance of materials, carrying out multi-stage pressurization matched with hanging basket operation, spraying and seeding a matrix nutrition layer with the thickness of 6-8cm on a slope fiber framework layer, wherein the ratio is 49% of planting soil, 50% of special nutrition material, 0.5% of soil conditioner and 0.5% of water-retaining agent, spraying the proportioned matrix material on the framework layer for 2-3 times through special spraying and seeding equipment, and spraying and seeding the seed layer mixed with comprehensive grass seeds with the thickness of 1-1.5cm after the thickness of the matrix layer meets the requirement, thereby completing the spraying and seeding operation of the matrix;
7) Spraying a fiber protective layer, adopting a special fiber material after the seed layer is sprayed, and spraying a special fiber material with the thickness of 0.5-1cm on the seed layer, thereby further protecting the whole matrix layer; after the spray seeding of the fiber protective layer is finished, covering and protecting the whole construction working face by using special non-woven fabrics or sunshade nets;
8) filtration irrigation comprehensive maintenance system includes: a rainwater collection system, a filtering system, a conveying pipe and an inserted infiltrating irrigation head; and paving infiltrating irrigation pipelines with different densities according to different slopes to achieve full coverage.
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