CN114467598A - Vegetation concrete spray-seeding and re-greening process for high and steep slope of mine - Google Patents
Vegetation concrete spray-seeding and re-greening process for high and steep slope of mine Download PDFInfo
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- CN114467598A CN114467598A CN202111636675.1A CN202111636675A CN114467598A CN 114467598 A CN114467598 A CN 114467598A CN 202111636675 A CN202111636675 A CN 202111636675A CN 114467598 A CN114467598 A CN 114467598A
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Images
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C7/00—Sowing
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C7/00—Sowing
- A01C7/008—Sod or grassland seeding
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/60—Flowers; Ornamental plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/23—Wood, e.g. wood chips or sawdust
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
- E02D17/202—Securing of slopes or inclines with flexible securing means
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
- E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
- E02D5/76—Anchorings for bulkheads or sections thereof in as much as specially adapted therefor
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a vegetation concrete spray-seeding and re-greening process for a high and steep slope of a mine, wherein organic fertile soil and cement are used as a spray-seeding base material, so that the fertility and the cohesiveness of the spray-seeding base material are increased, and the nutrients of seedlings in the growth process and the adhesive force of the spray-seeding base material to a rock wall are ensured; meanwhile, various arbor, shrub and herb seedling seeds are matched and combined, so that the rapid growth of early-stage herb plants and the remarkable slope re-greening effect are realized, the effect of preventing rainwater from washing the slope is achieved, after the shrub grows, roots are tightly attached to the rock wall, the good slope re-greening effect and the effect of stabilizing the slope are achieved, and the biological diversity and the alternating evolution of the slope are reflected; the method is convenient and economic to implement, is used as an important mode for greening the high-steep rock wall mine side slope with the gradient of more than 55 degrees, has extremely strong popularization, and is particularly suitable for mine restoration projects with more rainwater in the south.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to horticulture; cultivating vegetables, flowers, rice, fruit trees, grapes, hops or sea vegetables; forestry; the technical field of watering, in particular to a vegetation concrete spray-seeding and greening process for a high and steep slope of a mine.
Background
In the process of mine development, the ecological environment is deeply influenced, including the influence on land resources, the influence on water resources, the influence on atmosphere, biodiversity loss and the like; on the basis, mine restoration, namely restoration of the pollution of the mining waste land, is needed, and the restoration of the mine side slope is included.
The mine slope greening technology mainly comprises earthing planting, spray seeding, ecological bags, pit (groove) type, hole (cave) type, step method, suspension method and composite greening technology; different re-greening technologies can be adopted for different slope gradients.
In the mine side slope re-greening technology, spray seeding is one of the commonly used technologies, and is characterized in that a sprayer is used for mixing and spraying uniformly-stirred soil, organic matters, a water-retaining agent, an adhesive, seeds and the like onto a rock surface, a spray seeding layer is formed on the surface of a rock wall, a stable structure which can enable plants to grow and plant a matrix without being washed is built, the rapid germination and growth of grass seeds are ensured, the general spray seeding thickness is 10-20cm, the technology can be suitable for a rock side slope with a slow slope, and the advantages of moderate cost, high construction efficiency, quick greening effect and the like are achieved; however, the spray-seeding technology has poor effect on the greening of the slope with the gradient of more than 55 degrees, and meanwhile, due to unreasonable matching of the spray-seeding nursery stocks, the greening effect of the slope is also affected.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the problems in the prior art, provides an optimized vegetation concrete spray-seeding and re-greening process for high and steep slopes of mines, solves the problems in the spray-seeding and re-greening process in the prior art, and has strong applicability and good re-greening effect.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that a vegetation concrete spray-seeding and re-greening process for a high and steep side slope of a mine is characterized in that a to-be-re-greening area is built on the high and steep side slope of the mine, a spray-seeding base material with high rock wall cohesiveness with the high and steep side slope of the mine is selected and matched, and the uniformly-stirred spray-seeding base material and seedling seeds are respectively sprayed to the to-be-re-greening area by utilizing a sprayer to form a spray-seeding layer.
Preferably, the area to be greened is built by arranging anchor rods on the high and steep slope of the mine and integrally sleeving all the anchor rods with a net surface to form the area to be greened.
Preferably, the anchor rods comprise main anchor rods and secondary anchor rods which are staggered at a preset distance, and the length of each main anchor rod is greater than that of each secondary anchor rod; and the upper end part of the anchor rod is subjected to L-shaped bending treatment.
Preferably, the mesh surface is a galvanized iron mesh for stabilizing the spray-cast substrate.
Preferably, the meshes of the mesh surface are of a preset specification, and a plurality of meshes are used as a group to be overlapped transversely and longitudinally.
Preferably, the clearance between the net surface and the slope surface of the high and steep slope of the mine is 3-5 cm.
Preferably, the spray-seeding base material is prepared from raw materials in preset parts by weight, and comprises 30-50 parts of organic fertile soil, 35-55 parts of planting soil, 3-10 parts of sawdust, 0.1-1 part of water-absorbing and water-retaining agent, 0.1-1 part of binder, 3-10 parts of portland cement, 0.1-3 parts of NPK compound fertilizer and 0.1-3 parts of pH regulator.
Preferably, the seedling seeds comprise robinia pseudoacacia, amorpha fruticosa, lespedeza pedeza, magnolia multiflora, cassia tora, asterias amurensis, cercis chinensis, alfalfa, bermuda grass, festuca arundinacea and boswellia chrysanthemum which are prepared according to a certain proportion.
Preferably, after the spray seeding layer is formed, the non-woven fabric is covered for a preset time for heat preservation and moisture preservation.
Preferably, the slope of the high and steep side slope of the mine is greater than or equal to 55 degrees.
The invention relates to an optimized vegetation concrete spray-seeding and green-restoring process for a high and steep slope of a mine, wherein organic rich soil and cement are used as a spray-seeding base material, so that the fertility and the cohesiveness of the spray-seeding base material are increased, and the nutrients of nursery stocks in the growth process and the adhesive force of the spray-seeding base material to a rock wall are ensured; meanwhile, various arbor, shrub and herb seedling seeds are matched and combined, so that the rapid growth of early-stage herb plants and the remarkable slope re-greening effect are realized, the effect of preventing rainwater from washing the slope is achieved, after the shrub grows, roots are tightly attached to the rock wall, the good slope re-greening effect and the effect of stabilizing the slope are achieved, and the biological diversity and the alternating evolution of the slope are reflected; the method is convenient and economic to implement, is used as an important mode for greening the high-steep rock wall mine side slope with the gradient of more than 55 degrees, has extremely strong popularization, and is particularly suitable for mine restoration projects with more rainwater in the south.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of the slope surface hanging net structure of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail with reference to the following examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.
The invention relates to a vegetation concrete spray-seeding and re-greening process for a high and steep side slope of a mine, which is characterized in that a to-be-re-greening area is built on the high and steep side slope of the mine, a spray-seeding base material 2 with high rock wall cohesiveness with the high and steep side slope of the mine is selected and matched, and the uniformly-stirred spray-seeding base material 2 and seedling seeds are respectively sprayed to the to-be-re-greening area by utilizing a sprayer to form a spray-seeding layer 4.
The slope of the high and steep slope of the mine is greater than or equal to 55 degrees.
According to the method, firstly, pumice cleaning 1 is carried out on a high and steep slope, then an area to be re-greened is built according to a preset specification, after the completion, spray seeding base materials 2 and seedling seeds which are uniformly stirred are sequentially spray seeded to the area to be re-greened, specifically, the mixed seeding base materials are uniformly mixed according to a ratio and then sprayed to the slope, after the base materials are stabilized, spray seeding of the seedling seeds is started, surface layer materials containing the prepared mixed seeding seedling seeds are sprayed on the base materials, herbaceous plants can preferentially grow after a period of time, finally shrubs can be fully distributed on the slope, a slope shrub vegetation layer 5 is formed, and a good slope re-greening effect is achieved.
In the invention, the thickness of the base material sprayed is generally 10cm (without seeds), and the thickness of the mixed material (seedling seeds) is generally 2 cm.
And constructing the area to be greened, namely arranging anchor rods on the high and steep slope of the mine, and integrally sleeving all the anchor rods with a net surface to form the area to be greened.
The anchor rods comprise main anchor rods 6 and secondary anchor rods 7 which are staggered at a preset distance, and the length of the main anchor rods 6 is greater than that of the secondary anchor rods 7; and the upper end part of the anchor rod is subjected to L-shaped bending treatment.
The mesh surface is a galvanized iron wire mesh 3 used for stabilizing the spray-seeding base material 2.
The meshes of the net surface are in a preset specification, and a plurality of meshes are used as a group to be in transverse and longitudinal lap joint.
The clearance between the net surface and the slope surface of the high and steep slope of the mine is 3-5 cm.
In the invention, generally, the main anchor rods 6 and the secondary anchor rods 7 are arranged at a distance of 1m in a crossed manner, and then the galvanized wire net 3 is hung on the main anchor rods 6 and the secondary anchor rods 7, so that a gap of 3-5cm is kept between the wire net and a side slope, and the spray-seeding substrate 2 is attached.
In the invention, the main anchor rod 6 is a phi 12 twisted steel with the length of 100cm, the secondary anchor rod 7 is a phi 12 twisted steel with the length of 50cm, the upper end part of the anchor rod is subjected to L-shaped bending treatment, a mesh sheet can be better fixed, and the galvanized iron wire net 3 is prevented from falling off, namely the L-shaped bending part is erected with the galvanized iron wire net 3.
In the invention, the galvanized wire mesh 3 with the diameter of 14# and the mesh opening of 5 x 5cm is selected and hung on the anchor rod, the longitudinal lap joint width is 10cm, the transverse lap joint width is 15cm, and the wire mesh and/or the steel wire are used for binding.
The spray-seeding base material 2 is prepared from raw materials in preset parts by weight, and comprises 30-50 parts of organic fertile soil, 35-55 parts of planting soil, 3-10 parts of sawdust, 0.1-1 part of water-absorbing and water-retaining agent, 0.1-1 part of binder, 3-10 parts of portland cement, 0.1-3 parts of NPK compound fertilizer and 0.1-3 parts of pH regulator.
The seedling seeds comprise robinia pseudoacacia, amorpha fruticosa, lespedeza pedeza, magnolia multiflora, cassia tora, asterias amurensis, cercis chinensis, alfalfa, bermuda grass, festuca arundinacea and boswellia chrysanthemum which are prepared according to a proportion.
After the spray-seeding layer 4 is formed, the non-woven fabric is covered for a preset time of heat preservation and moisture preservation.
In the invention, whether a sufficiently thick soil layer rich in organic matters can be attached to the slope surface of the high and steep slope or not and the variety selection of the spray-sowed nursery stock are very important factors influencing the green restoration effect of the high and steep slope.
In the present invention, the predetermined weight parts of the spray-seeding base material 2 are generally: 40 parts of organic fertile soil, 45 parts of planting soil, 6 parts of sawdust, 0.5 part of water-absorbing and water-retaining agent, 0.5 part of binder, 6 parts of Portland cement, 1 part of NPK compound fertilizer and 1 part of pH regulator; the raw materials are mixed by a forced mixer and then sprayed on the slope; in fact, the weight parts of the spray-seeding base material 2 are not unique due to the particularity of the soil and the mine, and can be adjusted based on the actual situation.
In the invention, the comprehensive using amount of each square meter of seedling seeds is 58g, and the preparation proportion is as follows: 8g of acacia, 8g of amorpha fruticosa, 4g of lespedeza pedunculata, 6g of magnolia multiflora, 8g of umbellate pore-forming amine, 6g of hippophae rhamnoides, 8g of cercis chinensis, 6g of alfalfa, 1g of bermuda grass, 1g of festuca arundinacea and 2g of cosmos chinensis; the improved vegetation concrete spray-seeding technology is used for selecting spray-seeding nursery stock varieties, and ensures the diversity and the re-greening effect of the nursery stock on the side slope.
Claims (10)
1. A vegetation concrete spray-seeding and greening process for high and steep slopes of mines is characterized in that: and (3) building a region to be replanted on the high and steep side slope of the mine, selecting and matching a spray-seeding base material with high cohesiveness with the rock wall of the high and steep side slope of the mine, and respectively spraying the uniformly stirred spray-seeding base material and seedling seeds to the region to be replanted to form a spray-seeding layer by using a spraying machine.
2. The vegetation concrete spray-seeding and greening process for the high and steep slope of the mine according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and constructing the area to be greened, namely arranging anchor rods on the high and steep slope of the mine, and integrally sleeving all the anchor rods with a net surface to form the area to be greened.
3. The vegetation concrete spray-seeding and greening process for the high and steep slope of the mine according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: the anchor rods comprise main anchor rods and secondary anchor rods which are arranged in a staggered mode at a preset distance, and the length of each main anchor rod is larger than that of each secondary anchor rod; and the upper end part of the anchor rod is subjected to L-shaped bending treatment.
4. The vegetation concrete spray-seeding and greening process for the high and steep slope of the mine according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: the mesh surface is a galvanized iron wire mesh used for stabilizing a spray-seeding base material.
5. The vegetation concrete spray-seeding and greening process for the high and steep slope of the mine according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: the meshes of the net surface are in a preset specification, and a plurality of meshes are used as a group to be in transverse and longitudinal lap joint.
6. The vegetation concrete spray-seeding and greening process for the high and steep slope of the mine according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: the clearance between the net surface and the slope surface of the high and steep slope of the mine is 3-5 cm.
7. The vegetation concrete spray-seeding and greening process for the high and steep slope of the mine according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the spray-seeding base material is prepared from raw materials in preset parts by weight, and comprises 30-50 parts of organic fertile soil, 35-55 parts of planting soil, 3-10 parts of sawdust, 0.1-1 part of water-absorbing and water-retaining agent, 0.1-1 part of binder, 3-10 parts of portland cement, 0.1-3 parts of NPK compound fertilizer and 0.1-3 parts of pH regulator.
8. The vegetation concrete spray-seeding and greening process for the high and steep slope of the mine according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the seedling seeds comprise robinia pseudoacacia, amorpha fruticosa, lespedeza pedeza, magnolia multiflora, cassia tora, asterias amurensis, cercis chinensis, alfalfa, bermuda grass, festuca arundinacea and boswellia chrysanthemum which are prepared according to a proportion.
9. The vegetation concrete spray-seeding and greening process for the high and steep slope of the mine according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and after the spray seeding layer is formed, covering the non-woven fabric for a preset time of heat preservation and moisture preservation.
10. The vegetation concrete spray-seeding and green-restoring process for the high and steep side slope of the mine according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the slope of the high and steep slope of the mine is greater than or equal to 55 degrees.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111636675.1A CN114467598A (en) | 2021-12-29 | 2021-12-29 | Vegetation concrete spray-seeding and re-greening process for high and steep slope of mine |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202111636675.1A CN114467598A (en) | 2021-12-29 | 2021-12-29 | Vegetation concrete spray-seeding and re-greening process for high and steep slope of mine |
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| CN114467598A true CN114467598A (en) | 2022-05-13 |
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Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
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