CN113079916B - Method for improving heat resistance of kiwi fruit plants - Google Patents
Method for improving heat resistance of kiwi fruit plants Download PDFInfo
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- CN113079916B CN113079916B CN202110289208.XA CN202110289208A CN113079916B CN 113079916 B CN113079916 B CN 113079916B CN 202110289208 A CN202110289208 A CN 202110289208A CN 113079916 B CN113079916 B CN 113079916B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/15—Leaf crops, e.g. lettuce or spinach
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for improving heat resistance of kiwi fruit plants, and relates to the technical field of agricultural cultivation. The invention comprises the following steps: interplanting lupin, sweet potato and rape in kiwi fruit row, and spraying rare earth lanthanum solution in the garden. By interplanting lupin, sweet potato and rape, the porosity of the kiwi fruit garden soil and the moisture content of the garden soil can be improved, and the surface temperature of the garden in summer can be reduced; spraying rare earth lanthanum solution on the interplanting basis can reduce the relative conductivity and malondialdehyde content of kiwi fruit leaves, increase the content of soluble protein, soluble sugar and proline, increase the content of chlorophyll and carotenoid, increase Pn, Tr and Gs of kiwi fruit leaves, and increase the average activity of SOD, POD, CAT, APX and GR of the leaves.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for improving heat resistance of kiwi fruit plants.
Background
The kiwi fruit is known as 'king of fruit' because of the very rich content of vitamin C in fresh fruit, is a fruit with faster increase of consumption in the world at present, especially the kiwi fruit consumption in China always presents a multiplication rising trend, and the cultivation area and yield of the kiwi fruit are stably kept in the world first. The kiwi fruit is hot, cold, light and sun-resistant, and has a growth average temperature of 11-17 deg.C, no heat in summer of 20-30 deg.C, warm in autumn of 15-25 deg.C, and high temperature of 7-8 months in drought period of no less than 33 deg.C, and no freezing in winter of 0-7 deg.C. However, due to the fact that the greenhouse effect is intensified, the global climate is warmed, the average temperature of all regions in China is gradually increased, particularly in the wide regions in the south of the Yangtze river, the maximum temperature exceeds 35 ℃ in summer, and the high temperature of some regions lasts for more than 30 days. The transpiration effect of a kiwi fruit garden is increased due to continuous sunny and hot weather, large-area kiwi fruit leaves are withered and burnt, fruits are burnt and fall off in advance, fruit growers can early harvest fruits before the mature period, the quality is reduced, even large-area kiwi fruit trees are finally dead, the economic loss of the fruit growers is disastrous, and therefore the measure for improving the high temperature resistance of the kiwi fruits is the problem to be solved urgently in large-area cultivation.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a method for improving the heat resistance of kiwi fruit plants, so as to improve the high temperature stress resistance of the kiwi fruit plants, avoid the influence of high temperature stress on plant growth and fruit harvest, and reduce economic loss.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a method for improving heat resistance of kiwi plants, comprising: lupine, sweet potato and rape are interplanted in the kiwi fruit orchard, and the rare earth lanthanum solution is sprayed in the orchard.
Preferably, the age of the kiwi fruit tree is less than 5 years.
Preferably, the interplanting of lupins comprises: before ten days of 10 months, transplanting lupin seedlings among rows of the kiwi fruits, wherein the row spacing of the lupin is 20-30 cm multiplied by 30-40 cm.
Preferably, the interplanting of the sweet potatoes comprises the following steps: in the last 11 months, sowing the vetch seeds between the kiwi fruit rows, wherein the dosage per mu is 1.5-2.0 kg.
Preferably, the interplanting of rape comprises: in the last 11-month ten days, 0.25-0.5 kg of rape seeds are sown between the kiwi fruit rows.
Preferably, the condition of spraying the rare earth lanthanum solution is as follows: the average temperature was over 30 ℃ on 7 consecutive days.
Preferably, the rare earth lanthanum solution is a lanthanum nitrate solution.
Preferably, the spraying is kiwi fruit foliar spraying, and the spraying concentration is 50-150 mg/L.
Preferably, the time for spraying the rare earth lanthanum solution is 6-7 months.
Preferably, the rare earth lanthanum solution is sprayed before 10 am on a sunny day.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a method for improving heat resistance of kiwi fruit plants, lupin, vetch and rape are interplanted in a kiwi fruit garden, and a rare earth lanthanum solution is further sprayed in the 6-7 month garden. By interplanting lupin, sweet potato and rape, the porosity of the kiwi fruit garden soil and the moisture content of the garden soil can be improved, and the surface temperature of the garden in summer can be reduced; spraying a rare earth lanthanum solution on the basis of interplanting can reduce the relative conductivity and malonaldehyde content of kiwi fruit leaves, increase the content of soluble protein, soluble sugar and proline, increase the content of chlorophyll and carotenoid, increase the Pn, Tr and Gs of kiwi fruit leaves, increase the average activity of SOD, POD, CAT, APX and GR of the leaves, and improve the high-temperature stress resistance of kiwi fruit plants.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method for improving heat resistance of kiwi fruit plants, which comprises the following steps: lupine, sweet potato and rape are interplanted in the kiwi fruit orchard, and the rare earth lanthanum solution is sprayed in the orchard. By intercropping lupin, sweet potato and rape in the kiwi fruit orchard, the soil environment and the ground surface temperature are improved; on the basis, rare earth lanthanum solution is sprayed, physiological indexes of the kiwi fruit are influenced, and the high temperature stress resistance of the kiwi fruit is further improved.
According to the method, the age of the kiwi fruit in the kiwi fruit orchard is preferably below 5 years. The lupine, the vetch and the rape all need sufficient sunlight for growth, and the kiwi fruit is too old, so that the space in the garden is closed, and the growth of the lupine, the vetch and the rape under the tree is not facilitated.
By interplanting lupin, sweet potato and rape in the orchard, the permeability of soil can be improved, the soil fertility is improved, and the ecological conditions of the orchard are improved, but if the planting is improper, the phenomenon of mutual competition between the interplanted crops and fruit trees is easily caused. Before 10 months later, seedlings of lupin are transplanted between rows of kiwi fruits, wherein the row spacing of the lupin is 20-30 cm multiplied by 30-40 cm, and further preferably 30cm multiplied by 40 cm; in the last ten days of 11 months, sowing the vetch seeds between the kiwi fruit rows, wherein the dosage per mu is 1.5-2.0 kg, and the further optimization is 1.5 kg/mu; in the last 11-month ten days, 0.25-0.5 kg of rape seeds is sown between the kiwi fruit rows, and 0.25 kg/mu is further optimized. The invention has no special requirements on the sowing mode and sequence of the sweet potatoes and the rapes, can sow in batches and can perform conventional management after sowing. As an alternative, after the lupin, the potato and the rape are mature, the lupin, the potato and the rape can be directly crushed and returned to the field, or the seeds can be harvested and then crushed and returned to the field, so that the soil organic matters in the garden are improved.
According to the invention, on the basis of interplanting, the high temperature stress resistance of the kiwi fruits is further improved by spraying the rare earth lanthanum solution. Preferably, the conditions for spraying the rare earth lanthanum solution are as follows: the average temperature of the kiwi fruits exceeds 30 ℃ within 7 days continuously in the growth period; as a preferred embodiment, the rare earth lanthanum solution is a lanthanum nitrate solution, the concentration of the lanthanum nitrate solution is 50-150 mg/L, and the lanthanum nitrate solution is sprayed on leaves, and more preferably the spraying concentration is 100 mg/L. Optionally, the time for spraying the rare earth lanthanum solution is 6-7 months, and further preferably before 10 am on a sunny day. More preferably, the rare earth lanthanum solution is sprayed to the state that the rare earth lanthanum solution flows down but not flows down on the kiwi leaves.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Selecting a 1-year-old kiwi fruit orchard, and transplanting lupin seedlings between rows of kiwi fruit trees in the middle 10 months, wherein the density is 25cm multiplied by 35 cm; in the last 11 months, 1.75 kg/mu of sweet potato seeds are uniformly sown in the garden, and then 0.45 kg/mu of rape seeds are sown.
When the average temperature of the kiwi fruit orchard continuously exceeds 30 ℃ for 7 days in the next 6-7 months, 100mg/L lanthanum nitrate solution is sprayed on leaf surfaces before 10 am of the next day, and the lanthanum nitrate solution is sprayed to a state that the rare earth lanthanum solution flows down but does not flow down on kiwi fruit leaves.
Example 2
Selecting a 3-year-old kiwi fruit orchard, and transplanting lupin seedlings between rows of kiwi fruit trees in the last 10 th ten days, wherein the density is 20cm multiplied by 40 cm; in the last 11 months, 1.5 kg/mu of vetch seeds are uniformly sown in the garden, and then 0.5 kg/mu of rape seeds are sown.
When the average temperature of the kiwi fruit orchard continuously exceeds 30 ℃ for 7 days in the next 6-7 months, 50mg/L lanthanum nitrate solution is sprayed on the leaf surface before 10 am of the next day, and the lanthanum nitrate solution is sprayed to the state that the rare earth lanthanum solution flows down but does not flow down on the kiwi fruit leaves.
Example 3
Selecting a 5-year-old kiwi fruit orchard, and transplanting lupin seedlings between rows of kiwi fruit trees in the middle ten days of 10 months, wherein the density is 30cm multiplied by 30 cm; in the last 11 months, 2.0 kg/mu of rape seeds and 0.25 kg/mu of sweet potato seeds are uniformly sown in the garden.
When the average temperature of the kiwi fruit orchard continuously exceeds 30 ℃ for 7 days in the next 6-7 months, 150mg/L lanthanum nitrate solution is sprayed on leaf surfaces before 10 am of the next day, and the lanthanum nitrate solution is sprayed to a state that the rare earth lanthanum solution flows down but does not flow down on kiwi fruit leaves.
Example 4
Influence of interplanting and lanthanum nitrate spraying on soil environment and physiological properties in kiwi fruit garden
Transplanting lupin seedlings among rows of kiwi fruit trees in the first year of orchard establishment and in the middle 10 th of the month, wherein the row spacing is 30 multiplied by 40 cm; in the last ten days of 11 months, 1.5kg of vetch seeds are sown among the rows of the kiwi fruit orchard, and 0.25kg of rape seeds are sown in each mu.
After the temperature exceeds 30 ℃ on continuous 7 days in 6-7 months, spraying 100mg/L of rare earth lanthanum nitrate solution on the leaf surface before 10 am on sunny days until the rare earth lanthanum solution flows down but does not flow down on the kiwi fruit leaves.
Lasting for 5 years. During the period, selecting three cells as a test group, wherein each cell is not less than 200 trees and keeps a certain distance, and measuring soil related indexes every year from the first year of building the garden to the fifth year to obtain an average value; randomly selecting 10 fruit trees in each cell, spraying lanthanum nitrate solution for 24h, 120h and 240h, collecting, shearing, uniformly mixing, measuring physiological indexes of leaves, and calculating an average value. The control group is not interplanted, the lanthanum solution is not sprayed, and other management modes are the same as those of the test group. The results are as follows:
by interplanting lupin, vetch and rape, the porosity of the soil in the kiwi fruit garden is improved by 4-8%, the average moisture content of the soil in the orchard is improved by 1-3%, the earth surface temperature of the orchard is reduced by 6-11 ℃ in summer, and the earth surface temperature of the orchard is improved by 3-8 ℃ in winter. The average relative conductivity of the leaves is reduced by 18 to 27 percent, the average Malondialdehyde (MDA) content is reduced by 3 to 9 percent, the average content of soluble protein is improved by 14 to 24 percent, the average content of soluble sugar is improved by 21 to 35 percent, the average content of proline is improved by 7 to 15 percent, the average content of chlorophyll a of the leaves is improved by 4 to 10 percent, the average content of chlorophyll b is improved by 26 to 44 percent, the average content of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b is improved by 11 to 27 percent, the average content of carotenoid is improved by 13 to 18 percent, the average net photosynthetic rate (Pn) of the leaves is improved by 6 to 13 percent, the average transpiration rate (Tr) is improved by 10 to 23 percent, the average pore conductance (Gs) is improved by 5 to 9 percent, the average activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) of the leaves is improved by 7 to 35 percent, and the average activity of Peroxidase (POD) is improved by 10 to 130 percent, the Catalase (CAT) activity is improved by 4 to 18 percent, the average activity of the Ascorbate Peroxidase (APX) is improved by 11 to 30 percent, and the average activity of the Glutathione Reductase (GR) is improved by 11 to 39 percent.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A method for improving heat resistance of kiwi plants is characterized by comprising the following steps: interplanting lupine, sweet potatoes and rape in a kiwi fruit orchard, and spraying a rare earth lanthanum solution in the orchard;
the tree age of the kiwi fruits is less than 5 years old;
before 10 months of the first ten days, transplanting lupin seedlings among rows of the kiwi fruits, wherein the row spacing of the lupin is 20-30 cm multiplied by 30-40 cm; in the last ten days of 11 months, sowing the vetch seeds between the kiwi fruit rows, wherein the dosage per mu is 1.5-2.0 kg; in the last ten days of 11 months, sowing rape seeds between the kiwi fruit rows, wherein the dosage of each mu is 0.25-0.5 kg;
the rare earth lanthanum solution is a lanthanum nitrate solution, the spraying is kiwi fruit foliage spraying, and the spraying concentration is 50-150 mg/L.
2. The method for improving the heat resistance of kiwi plants according to claim 1, wherein the spraying of the rare earth lanthanum solution is performed under the following conditions: the average temperature exceeds 30 ℃ on a continuous day of 7 days.
3. The method for improving the heat resistance of kiwi plants according to claim 1, wherein the time for spraying the rare earth lanthanum solution is 6-7 months.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the rare earth lanthanum solution is sprayed before 10 am on a sunny day.
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| CN115362873A (en) * | 2022-09-09 | 2022-11-22 | 湖北张农技科技研发有限公司 | Cold-resistant drought-resistant kiwi fruit cultivation method |
| CN115474501A (en) * | 2022-09-27 | 2022-12-16 | 安徽农业大学 | Method for improving heat resistance of kiwi fruit plants |
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| CN102598985A (en) * | 2012-03-26 | 2012-07-25 | 天津师范大学 | Method for using lanthanum to improve cold resistance of tall fescue turf based on garbage compost medium |
| CN102598988B (en) * | 2012-03-26 | 2014-10-15 | 天津师范大学 | Method for improving aridity of ryegrass by using rare earth lanthanum |
| CN106688685A (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2017-05-24 | 四川农业大学 | Method of relieving high temperature stress of kiwi fruit trees |
| CN109089770A (en) * | 2018-06-28 | 2018-12-28 | 蚌埠市禹会区马城胡本号家庭农场 | A kind of watermelon seedling culturing method of high temperature tolerance |
| CN109566250B (en) * | 2019-01-22 | 2021-10-01 | 江西省科学院生物资源研究所 | Interplanting method of lupin and kiwi fruit |
| CN110352821A (en) * | 2019-07-25 | 2019-10-22 | 江西省科学院生物资源研究所 | A kind of implantation methods of red kiwi fruit interplanting lupin |
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