CN112937048A - 一种表面涂覆高温红外隐身涂层的抗烧蚀梯度分布防热复合材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种表面涂覆高温红外隐身涂层的抗烧蚀梯度分布防热复合材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种表面涂覆高温红外隐身涂层的抗烧蚀梯度分布防热复合材料及其制备方法,由内至外,依次包括纤维增强树脂基防热复合材料、氧化物纤维织物增强氧化物多孔陶瓷基复合材料薄板、高温红外隐身涂层。本发明还提供了抗烧蚀梯度分布防热复合材料的制备方法。本发明的抗烧蚀梯度分布防热复合材料,以树脂基防热复合材料为内层,在其表面附加的陶瓷基复合材料薄板,具有耐高温、抗烧蚀、抗气流冲刷的特点,可以在一定热力环境下保护树脂基防热复合材料不发生厚度烧蚀,使高温红外隐身涂层可以牢固的附着于材料表面不脱落,维持好的红外隐身功能;此外,该陶瓷基复合材料薄板具备一定孔隙率,可保证内层树脂基体高温分解气体排出。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于高温隐身材料领域,特别涉及一种表面涂覆高温红外隐身涂层的抗烧蚀梯度分布防热复合材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
隐身性能是未来高速飞行器的典型特征,可以显著提升其生存与突防能力。高速飞行器飞行速度快,严重的气动加热导致飞行器表面具有较高的温度,红外暴露特性显著,面临着严峻的红外探测与制导武器威胁。同时,为确保高速飞行器的正常工作,具备抗烧蚀、防隔热一体化功能的热防护系统是高速飞行器表面必不可缺的组成部分,可以起到保持飞行器外形与结构稳定,确保内部电子系统正常工作等关键作用。因此,使高速飞行器的热防护系统具备红外隐身功能非常必要。高温红外隐身涂层具有高温低红外发射率特性,将之涂覆于飞行器热防护系统表面,可以显著降低其红外辐射特性,起到红外隐身的作用。
树脂基防热复合材料是目前高速飞行器热防护系统的主要形式,树脂基防热复合材料在热环境下的分解、碳化等机制可以带走大量的热,达到防隔热效果。但树脂基防热复合材料,特别是表面涂覆高温红外隐身涂层的树脂基防热复合材料,其存在以下严重问题:1)树脂基防热复合材料在飞行器高热流密度、高载荷的情况下表面会发生烧蚀,烧蚀现象造成飞行器外形和重量分布发生变化,严重影响飞行器的控制与制导精度;2)树脂基防热复合材料在高热流密度、高载荷情况下的表面厚度烧蚀将导致高温红外隐身涂层剥落,使飞行器失去红外隐身功能。
此外,由于高速飞行器热防护系统部件较大,要求施工工艺简单,不需要专门的大型设备;高温红外隐身涂层制备工艺要避免对材料的整体高温加热,防止高温处理造成树脂基防热复合材料分解;为保证环保性,尽量避免采用含有大量有机溶剂的原料和常压喷涂工艺,并且原料中尽量避免含铅等重金属原料的采用。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种表面涂覆高温红外隐身涂层的抗烧蚀梯度分布防热复合材料及其制备方法,从而克服现有树脂基防热复合材料在高热流密度工况下易烧蚀、烧蚀后影响飞行器外形、表面高温红外隐身涂层易剥落等缺陷。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供了一种表面涂覆高温红外隐身涂层的抗烧蚀梯度分布防热复合材料,由内至外,依次包括纤维增强树脂基防热复合材料、氧化物纤维织物增强氧化物多孔陶瓷基复合材料薄板、高温红外隐身涂层。本发明的表面涂覆高温红外隐身涂层的抗烧蚀梯度分布防热复合材料以成本较低、相对成熟的树脂基防热复合材料为内层,在其表面附加的氧化物纤维织物增强氧化物多孔陶瓷基复合材料薄板,具有耐高温、抗烧蚀、抗气流冲刷的特点,可以在一定高热流环境下保护内层的树脂基防热复合材料不发生烧蚀,可以较好的维持飞行器的外形;同时,该氧化物纤维织物增强氧化物多孔陶瓷基复合材料薄板由于不发生烧蚀,制备于其表面的高温红外隐身涂层可以牢固的附着于材料表面,从而维持飞行器的红外隐身功能;此外,氧化物纤维织物增强氧化物多孔陶瓷基复合材料薄板具备一定孔隙率,以保证内部树脂基防热复合材料树脂基体高温分解的气体可以排出,同时保证与树脂基防热复合材料一体化成型过程中树脂可渗透其中,以确保树脂基防热复合材料与陶瓷基复合材料薄板的有效结合。
优选的,上述表面涂覆高温红外隐身涂层的抗烧蚀梯度分布防热复合材料中,所述纤维增强树脂基防热复合材料的增强体为高硅氧纤维、石英纤维、铝硅酸盐纤维、玄武岩纤维或碳纤维,树脂基体为酚醛、硅树脂的一种或混合物,空心微珠为树脂基体中的添加剂,所述纤维增强树脂基防热复合材料密度为0.4~1.5g/cm3,所述空心微珠密度为0.1~0.6g/cm3、粒径为20~100μm,所述空心微珠在所述纤维增强树脂基防热复合材料中的体积含量不大于20%。
优选的,上述表面涂覆高温红外隐身涂层的抗烧蚀梯度分布防热复合材料中,所述氧化物纤维织物增强氧化物多孔陶瓷基复合材料薄板中,氧化物纤维织物为氧化铝纤维布、铝硅酸盐纤维布或石英纤维布,所述氧化物纤维织物厚度为0.2~0.4mm,所述氧化物纤维织物增强氧化物多孔陶瓷基复合材料薄板孔隙率为15~20%。
优选的,上述表面涂覆高温红外隐身涂层的抗烧蚀梯度分布防热复合材料中,所述高温红外隐身涂层是以贵金属为低发射率填料,所述贵金属为银或银钯合金,所述贵金属在涂层中的质量含量为80~95%;高温红外隐身涂层以玻璃为粘结剂,粘结剂为无铅玻璃,所述无铅玻璃软化点温度为400~1100℃;所述高温红外隐身涂层厚度为5~20μm。贵金属低发射率填料具有高温抗氧化和低发射率特性,使得涂层耐高温、红外隐身性能好、高温稳定性高。
一种上述的表面涂覆高温红外隐身涂层的抗烧蚀梯度分布防热复合材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将氧化物纤维织物在600~700℃保温0.5~1h进行脱胶处理;
(2)采用浆料法制备氧化物纤维织物增强氧化物多孔陶瓷基复合材料薄板粗坯,然后进行溶胶致密化处理得到氧化物纤维织物增强氧化物多孔陶瓷基复合材料薄板;
(3)将氧化物纤维织物增强氧化物多孔陶瓷基复合材料薄板铺设于纤维增强树脂基防热复合材料织物或预浸料表面,采用模具固定好,采用树脂基复合材料成型工艺制备出表面粘结氧化物纤维织物增强氧化物多孔陶瓷基复合材料薄板的纤维增强树脂基防热复合材料;
(4)采用砂纸打磨氧化物纤维织物增强氧化物多孔陶瓷基复合材料薄板表面,将表面富集的树脂基体去除干净,使氧化物纤维织物增强氧化物多孔陶瓷基复合材料薄板完全露出,采用溶剂清洗后烘干后备用;
(5)采用丝网印刷或者刷涂工艺将高温红外隐身涂料涂覆于氧化物纤维织物增强氧化物多孔陶瓷基复合材料薄板表面,经干燥、表面热处理、抛光处理后获得高温红外隐身涂层,完成表面涂覆高温红外隐身涂层的抗烧蚀梯度分布防热复合材料的制备。
优选的,上述制备方法中,所述步骤(2)中,采用浆料法制备氧化物纤维织物增强氧化物多孔陶瓷基复合材料薄板粗坯的具体步骤为:
A1. 将氧化铝粉烘干,将酸性溶液加入去离子水中调控pH值,然后依次将加入酸性溶液的去离子水和氧化铝粉加入球磨罐中进行球磨,球磨转速为300~400转/min,球磨的环境温度为5~10℃,球磨时间为1~2h,获得陶瓷成型浆料,所述陶瓷成型浆料中氧化铝粉体固含量为45~55vol%,调控pH值使陶瓷成型浆料粘度为100~800mPa⋅s;
A2. 将氧化物纤维布放于塑料薄膜上,将步骤A1获得的陶瓷成型浆料均匀刷涂于氧化物纤维布上,确保浆料充分浸润纤维布,然后在表面覆盖一层塑料膜,采用刮板反复刮涂塑料膜,将纤维布中的空气排除干净,并将多余的浆料刮出,完成预浸料的制备;
A3. 将模具清理干净,在模具表面涂抹脱模剂,完成模具处理;
A4. 在模具表面铺设步骤A2获得的预浸料,然后在预浸料表面覆盖上隔离膜和透气毡,用密封胶条将真空袋膜粘于模具四周,抽真空,真空袋压条件下完成预浸料干燥,真空袋压干燥过程:2~4h升温至120~150℃,保温2~4h,干燥过程真空压力不大于-0.08MPa,自然冷却后脱模获得复合材料薄板粗坯;
A5. 对复合材料薄板粗坯进行高温烧结,烧结过程为:以5~10℃/min的升温速率升温至800~1100℃,保温0.5~2h,自然冷却至室温,得到氧化物纤维织物增强氧化物多孔陶瓷基复合材料薄板粗坯。
优选的,上述制备方法中,所述步骤(2)中,溶胶致密化处理的具体步骤为:
B1. 浸渍:将氧化物纤维织物增强氧化物多孔陶瓷基复合材料薄板粗坯进行真空浸渍硅溶胶或铝溶胶,浸渍时间为4~6h;所述硅溶胶或铝溶胶的固含量大于15wt%,粒径小于100nm;
B2. 干燥:将步骤B1浸渍后的粗坯进行干燥,干燥后对粗坯两面进行清理;干燥过程为:1h从室温升至80~100℃,保温1~2h;然后2h升温至180~200℃,保温1~2h;
B3. 重复浸渍-干燥步骤2~3次,然后进行烧结,烧结过程为:1h升温至800~900℃,保温0.5~1h;
B4. 重复进行B3步骤1~2次,得到氧化物纤维织物增强氧化物多孔陶瓷基复合材料薄板。
优选的,上述制备方法中,所述步骤(5)中,干燥温度为120~150℃,时间为20~30min;表面热处理工艺为:采用高温工业烘枪或红外加热器完成,加热温度为400~500℃,时间为1~3min。
优选的,上述制备方法中,所述步骤(5)中,高温红外隐身涂料是由以下方法制备而成:将经熔炼、水冷、球磨后的玻璃粉过200~400目筛,然后将玻璃粉与贵金属粉末采用行星式重力混料机混合均匀,再与有机载体混合均匀后,采用三辊研磨机研磨,即得到高温红外隐身涂料。
优选的,上述制备方法中,有机载体主要由松油醇、二乙二醇二丁醚、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、乙基纤维素组成,高温红外隐身涂料中有机载体的质量分数为20~25%。
与现有的技术相比,本发明具有如下有益效果:
1. 本发明的表面涂覆高温红外隐身涂层的抗烧蚀梯度分布防热复合材料,以成本较低、相对成熟的树脂基防热复合材料为内层,可较好的借鉴现有树脂基防热复合材料的工程应用经验和产业化装备;树脂基防热复合材料表面附加的氧化物纤维织物增强氧化物多孔陶瓷基复合材料薄板,具有耐高温、抗烧蚀、抗气流冲刷的特点,可以在一定高热流环境下保护内层的树脂基防热复合材料不发生烧蚀,可以较好的维持飞行器的外形;同时,该陶瓷基复合材料薄板由于不发生厚度烧蚀,制备于其表面的高温红外隐身涂层可以牢固的附着于材料表面,从而维持飞行器的红外隐身功能;此外,陶瓷基复合材料薄板具备一定孔隙率,可保证内部树脂基防热复合材料树脂基体高温分解气体排出,同时保证与树脂基防热复合材料一体化成型过程中树脂可渗透其中,以确保树脂基防热复合材料与陶瓷基复合材料薄板的有效结合;陶瓷基复合材料薄板具备一定柔性与变形能力,便于在大型复杂部件上铺设成型。
2. 本发明的复合材料中的高温红外隐身涂层可通过低温干燥结合表面快速加热的方式完成固化,与基材结合好,同时避免了高温固化与烧结对树脂基防热复合材料的热损伤。
3. 本发明采用较为简单的涂料涂覆工艺,工艺与设备简单,可制备大型构件,且避免了大量化学溶剂和铅等重金属原料的使用,环保性好,适合大规模工业化生产。
附图说明
图1是本发明的表面涂覆高温红外隐身涂层的抗烧蚀梯度分布防热复合材料结构示意图。
图2是本发明实施例1制备的表面附着氧化物纤维织物增强氧化物多孔陶瓷基复合材料薄板的树脂基防热复合材料照片。
图3是根据本发明实施例1制备的表面涂覆高温红外隐身涂层的抗烧蚀梯度分布防热复合材料照片。
图4是本发明实施例1制备的表面涂覆高温红外隐身涂层的抗烧蚀梯度分布防热复合材料经过800℃、10min热考核后照片。
主要附图标记说明:
1-纤维增强树脂基防热复合材料,2-氧化物纤维织物增强氧化物多孔陶瓷基复合材料薄板,3-高温红外隐身涂层。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明的具体实施方式进行详细描述,但应当理解本发明的保护范围并不受具体实施方式的限制。
实施例1
一种表面涂覆高温红外隐身涂层的抗烧蚀梯度分布防热复合材料如图1所示,由内至外,依次包括纤维增强树脂基防热复合材料1、氧化物纤维织物增强氧化物多孔陶瓷基复合材料薄板2、高温红外隐身涂层3。纤维增强树脂基防热复合材料以石英纤维缝合编织件为增强体,树脂基体为酚醛,空心微珠为添加剂,复合材料密度为1.45g/cm3,所述空心微珠的密度为0.35g/cm3、粒径为30μm,在复合材料中的体积含量为5%。氧化物纤维织物增强氧化物多孔陶瓷基复合材料薄板中,氧化物纤维织物为铝硅酸盐纤维布,氧化物纤维织物厚度为0.25mm,氧化物纤维织物增强氧化物多孔陶瓷基复合材料薄板孔隙率为18%。高温红外隐身涂层以银钯合金为低发射率填料,银钯合金中钯质量含量为10%,贵金属在涂层中的质量含量为90%;以玻璃为粘结剂,粘结剂为无铅玻璃,玻璃主要成分为SiO2-BaO-Li2O,玻璃软化点温度为610℃;高温红外隐身涂层厚度为10μm。
表面涂覆高温红外隐身涂层的抗烧蚀梯度分布防热复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)将氧化物纤维织物在600~700℃保温0.5~1h进行脱胶处理;
(2)采用浆料法制备氧化物纤维织物增强氧化物多孔陶瓷基复合材料薄板粗坯,然后进行溶胶致密化处理得到氧化物纤维织物增强氧化物多孔陶瓷基复合材料薄板;
(3)将氧化物纤维织物增强氧化物多孔陶瓷基复合材料薄板铺设于纤维增强树脂基防热复合材料织物或预浸料表面,采用模具固定好,采用树脂基复合材料成型工艺制备出表面粘结氧化物纤维织物增强氧化物多孔陶瓷基复合材料薄板的纤维增强树脂基防热复合材料(见图2);
(4)采用砂纸打磨氧化物纤维织物增强氧化物多孔陶瓷基复合材料薄板表面,将表面富集的树脂基体去除干净,使氧化物纤维织物增强氧化物多孔陶瓷基复合材料薄板完全露出,采用溶剂清洗后烘干后备用;
(5)采用丝网印刷或者刷涂工艺将高温红外隐身涂料涂覆于氧化物纤维织物增强氧化物多孔陶瓷基复合材料薄板表面,在150℃下干燥30min,然后采用高温工业烘枪进行表面热处理,加热温度为500℃,时间为1min,抛光处理后获得高温红外隐身涂层,完成表面涂覆高温红外隐身涂层的抗烧蚀梯度分布防热复合材料的制备。
其中,步骤(2)中,采用浆料法制备氧化物纤维织物增强氧化物多孔陶瓷基复合材料薄板粗坯的具体步骤为:
A1. 将氧化铝粉烘干,将酸性溶液加入去离子水中调控pH值,然后依次将加入酸性溶液的去离子水和氧化铝粉加入球磨罐中进行球磨,球磨转速为400转/min,球磨的环境温度为8℃,球磨时间为2h,获得陶瓷成型浆料,陶瓷成型浆料中氧化铝粉体固含量为53vol%,调控pH值使陶瓷成型浆料粘度为600mPa⋅s;
A2. 将氧化物纤维布放于塑料薄膜上,将步骤A1获得的陶瓷成型浆料均匀刷涂于氧化物纤维布上,确保浆料充分浸润纤维布,然后在表面覆盖一层塑料膜,采用刮板反复刮涂塑料膜,将纤维布中的空气排除干净,并将多余的浆料刮出,完成预浸料的制备;
A3. 将模具清理干净,在模具表面涂抹脱模剂,完成模具处理;
A4. 在模具表面铺设步骤A2获得的预浸料,然后在预浸料表面覆盖上隔离膜和透气毡,用密封胶条将真空袋膜粘于模具四周,抽真空,真空袋压条件下完成预浸料干燥,真空袋压干燥过程:4h升温至150℃,保温2h,干燥过程真空压力为-0.09MPa,自然冷却后脱模获得复合材料薄板粗坯;
A5. 对复合材料薄板粗坯进行高温烧结,烧结过程为:以8℃/min的升温速率升温至1100℃,保温0.5h,自然冷却至室温,得到氧化物纤维织物增强氧化物多孔陶瓷基复合材料薄板粗坯。
步骤(2)中,溶胶致密化处理的具体步骤为:
B1. 浸渍:将氧化物纤维织物增强氧化物多孔陶瓷基复合材料薄板粗坯进行真空浸渍铝溶胶,浸渍时间为4~6h;铝溶胶的固含量为18wt%,粒径约为30nm;
B2. 干燥:将步骤B1浸渍后的粗坯进行干燥,干燥后采用硬毛刷对粗坯两面进行清理,干燥过程为:1h从室温升至100℃,保温1h,然后2h升温至200℃,保温1h;
B3. 重复浸渍-干燥步骤3次,然后进行烧结,烧结过程为:1h升温至900℃,保温0.5h;
B4. 重复进行B3步骤1次,得到氧化物纤维织物增强氧化物多孔陶瓷基复合材料薄板。
步骤(5)中,高温红外隐身涂料是由以下方法制备而成:将经熔炼、水冷、球磨后的玻璃粉过200~400目筛,然后将玻璃粉与贵金属粉末采用行星式重力混料机混合均匀,再与有机载体混合均匀后,采用三辊研磨机研磨,即得到高温红外隐身浆料。有机载体主要由松油醇、二乙二醇二丁醚、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、乙基纤维素组成,高温红外隐身涂料中有机载体的质量分数为25%。
本实施例制备的表面涂覆高温红外隐身涂层的抗烧蚀梯度分布防热复合材料如图3所示,复合材料各界面表现出较好的结合特性,红外发射率为0.2。图4是复合材料经过800℃、10min空气环境热震考核后照片,热考核后复合材料的基材出现了约为25%的热失重,但高温红外隐身涂层完整,无明显开裂、脱落等现象,考核后红外发射率未发生明显变化,说明表面涂覆高温红外隐身涂层的抗烧蚀梯度分布防热复合材料表现出优异的综合性能。
前述对本发明的具体示例性实施方案的描述是为了说明和例证的目的。这些描述并非想将本发明限定为所公开的精确形式,并且很显然,根据上述教导,可以进行很多改变和变化。对示例性实施例进行选择和描述的目的在于解释本发明的特定原理及其实际应用,从而使得本领域的技术人员能够实现并利用本发明的各种不同的示例性实施方案以及各种不同的选择和改变。本发明的范围意在由权利要求书及其等同形式所限定。
Claims (10)
1.一种表面涂覆高温红外隐身涂层的抗烧蚀梯度分布防热复合材料,其特征在于,由内至外,依次包括纤维增强树脂基防热复合材料、氧化物纤维织物增强氧化物多孔陶瓷基复合材料薄板、高温红外隐身涂层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的表面涂覆高温红外隐身涂层的抗烧蚀梯度分布防热复合材料,其特征在于,所述纤维增强树脂基防热复合材料的增强体为高硅氧纤维、石英纤维、铝硅酸盐纤维、玄武岩纤维或碳纤维,树脂基体为酚醛、硅树脂的一种或混合物,空心微珠为树脂基体中的添加剂,所述纤维增强树脂基防热复合材料密度为0.4~1.5g/cm3,所述空心微珠密度为0.1~0.6g/cm3、粒径为20~100μm,所述空心微珠在所述纤维增强树脂基防热复合材料中的体积含量不大于20%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的表面涂覆高温红外隐身涂层的抗烧蚀梯度分布防热复合材料,其特征在于,所述氧化物纤维织物增强氧化物多孔陶瓷基复合材料薄板中,氧化物纤维织物为氧化铝纤维布、铝硅酸盐纤维布或石英纤维布,所述氧化物纤维织物厚度为0.2~0.4mm,所述氧化物纤维织物增强氧化物多孔陶瓷基复合材料薄板孔隙率为15~20%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的表面涂覆高温红外隐身涂层的抗烧蚀梯度分布防热复合材料,其特征在于,所述高温红外隐身涂层以贵金属为低发射率填料,所述贵金属为银或银钯合金,所述贵金属在涂层中的质量含量为80~95%;高温红外隐身涂层以玻璃为粘结剂,粘结剂为无铅玻璃,所述无铅玻璃软化点温度为400~1100℃;所述高温红外隐身涂层厚度为5~20μm。
5.一种如权利要求1~4中任一项所述的表面涂覆高温红外隐身涂层的抗烧蚀梯度分布防热复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)将氧化物纤维织物在600~700℃保温0.5~1h进行脱胶处理;
(2)采用浆料法制备氧化物纤维织物增强氧化物多孔陶瓷基复合材料薄板粗坯,然后进行溶胶致密化处理得到氧化物纤维织物增强氧化物多孔陶瓷基复合材料薄板;
(3)将氧化物纤维织物增强氧化物多孔陶瓷基复合材料薄板铺设于纤维增强树脂基防热复合材料织物或预浸料表面,采用模具固定好,采用树脂基复合材料成型工艺制备出表面粘结氧化物纤维织物增强氧化物多孔陶瓷基复合材料薄板的纤维增强树脂基防热复合材料;
(4)采用砂纸打磨氧化物纤维织物增强氧化物多孔陶瓷基复合材料薄板表面,将表面富集的树脂基体去除干净,使氧化物纤维织物增强氧化物多孔陶瓷基复合材料薄板完全露出,采用溶剂清洗烘干后备用;
(5)采用丝网印刷或者刷涂工艺将高温红外隐身涂料涂覆于氧化物纤维织物增强氧化物多孔陶瓷基复合材料薄板表面,经干燥、表面热处理、抛光处理后获得高温红外隐身涂层,完成表面涂覆高温红外隐身涂层的抗烧蚀梯度分布防热复合材料的制备。
6.根据权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)中,采用浆料法制备氧化物纤维织物增强氧化物多孔陶瓷基复合材料薄板粗坯的具体步骤为:
A1. 将氧化铝粉烘干,将酸性溶液加入去离子水中调控pH值,然后依次将加入酸性溶液的去离子水和氧化铝粉加入球磨罐中进行球磨,球磨转速为300~400转/min,球磨的环境温度为5~10℃,球磨时间为1~2h,获得陶瓷成型浆料,所述陶瓷成型浆料中氧化铝粉体固含量为45~55vol%,调控pH值使陶瓷成型浆料粘度为100~800mPa⋅s;
A2. 将氧化物纤维布放于塑料薄膜上,将步骤A1获得的陶瓷成型浆料均匀刷涂于氧化物纤维布上,确保浆料充分浸润纤维布,然后在表面覆盖一层塑料膜,采用刮板反复刮涂塑料膜,将纤维布中的空气排除干净,并将多余的浆料刮出,完成预浸料的制备;
A3. 将模具清理干净,在模具表面涂抹脱模剂,完成模具处理;
A4. 在模具表面铺设步骤A2获得的预浸料,然后在预浸料表面覆盖上隔离膜和透气毡,用密封胶条将真空袋膜粘于模具四周,抽真空,真空袋压条件下完成预浸料干燥,真空袋压干燥过程:2~4h升温至120~150℃,保温2~4h,干燥过程真空压力不大于-0.08MPa,自然冷却后脱模获得复合材料薄板粗坯;
A5. 对复合材料薄板粗坯进行高温烧结,烧结过程为:以5~10℃/min的升温速率升温至800~1100℃,保温0.5~2h,自然冷却至室温,得到氧化物纤维织物增强氧化物多孔陶瓷基复合材料薄板粗坯。
7.根据权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)中,溶胶致密化处理的具体步骤为:
B1. 浸渍:将氧化物纤维织物增强氧化物多孔陶瓷基复合材料薄板粗坯进行真空浸渍硅溶胶或铝溶胶,浸渍时间为4~6h;所述硅溶胶或铝溶胶的固含量大于15wt%,粒径小于100nm;
B2. 干燥:将步骤B1浸渍后的粗坯进行干燥,干燥后对粗坯两面进行清理;干燥过程为:1h从室温升至80~100℃,保温1~2h;然后2h升温至180~200℃,保温1~2h;
B3. 重复浸渍-干燥步骤2~3次,然后进行烧结,烧结过程为:1h升温至800~900℃,保温0.5~1h;
B4. 重复进行B3步骤1~2次,得到氧化物纤维织物增强氧化物多孔陶瓷基复合材料薄板。
8.根据权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(5)中,干燥温度为120~150℃,时间为20~30min;表面热处理工艺为:采用高温工业烘枪或红外加热器完成,加热温度为400~500℃,时间为1~3min。
9.根据权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(5)中,高温红外隐身涂料是由以下方法制备而成:将经熔炼、水冷、球磨后的玻璃粉过200~400目筛,然后将玻璃粉与贵金属粉末采用行星式重力混料机混合均匀,再与有机载体混合均匀后,采用三辊研磨机研磨,即得到高温红外隐身涂料。
10.根据权利要求9所述的制备方法,其特征在于,有机载体主要由松油醇、二乙二醇二丁醚、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、乙基纤维素组成,高温红外隐身涂料中有机载体的质量分数为20~25%。
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