CN112913672A - Green quality-improving and effect-increasing off-ground cultivation method for producing potato breeder's seeds - Google Patents
Green quality-improving and effect-increasing off-ground cultivation method for producing potato breeder's seeds Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN112913672A CN112913672A CN202110153070.0A CN202110153070A CN112913672A CN 112913672 A CN112913672 A CN 112913672A CN 202110153070 A CN202110153070 A CN 202110153070A CN 112913672 A CN112913672 A CN 112913672A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- seedbed
- seedlings
- fertilizer
- transplanting
- cultivation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 244000061456 Solanum tuberosum Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 235000002595 Solanum tuberosum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 95
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 64
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 47
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 47
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 32
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003899 bactericide agent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Inorganic materials [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000005660 Abamectin Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbendazim Natural products C1=CC=C2NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005891 Cyromazine Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 208000031888 Mycoses Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 244000007853 Sarothamnus scoparius Species 0.000 claims description 5
- RRZXIRBKKLTSOM-XPNPUAGNSA-N avermectin B1a Chemical group C1=C[C@H](C)[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)O[C@]11O[C@H](C\C=C(C)\[C@@H](O[C@@H]2O[C@@H](C)[C@H](O[C@@H]3O[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@@H](OC)C3)[C@@H](OC)C2)[C@@H](C)\C=C\C=C/2[C@]3([C@H](C(=O)O4)C=C(C)[C@@H](O)[C@H]3OC\2)O)C[C@H]4C1 RRZXIRBKKLTSOM-XPNPUAGNSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000006013 carbendazim Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbendazim Chemical compound C1=C[CH]C2=NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- LVQDKIWDGQRHTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyromazine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(NC2CC2)=N1 LVQDKIWDGQRHTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229950000775 cyromazine Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000003891 ferrous sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011790 ferrous sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010408 sweeping Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- WZISDKTXHMETKG-UHFFFAOYSA-H dimagnesium;dipotassium;trisulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O WZISDKTXHMETKG-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000012015 potatoes Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 241001517923 Douglasiidae Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000255588 Tephritidae Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].OP(O)([O-])=O GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 244000082204 Phyllostachys viridis Species 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 13
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 12
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 8
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- WJZHMLNIAZSFDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese zinc Chemical compound [Mn].[Zn] WJZHMLNIAZSFDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 239000002917 insecticide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002075 main ingredient Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 4
- QNBTYORWCCMPQP-JXAWBTAJSA-N (Z)-dimethomorph Chemical compound C1=C(OC)C(OC)=CC=C1C(\C=1C=CC(Cl)=CC=1)=C/C(=O)N1CCOCC1 QNBTYORWCCMPQP-JXAWBTAJSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000005946 Cypermethrin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000005761 Dimethomorph Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000255581 Drosophila <fruit fly, genus> Species 0.000 description 3
- 241000594036 Liriomyza Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000005807 Metalaxyl Substances 0.000 description 3
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229930002875 chlorophyll Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 235000019804 chlorophyll Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M chlorophyll a Chemical compound C1([C@@H](C(=O)OC)C(=O)C2=C3C)=C2N2C3=CC(C(CC)=C3C)=[N+]4C3=CC3=C(C=C)C(C)=C5N3[Mg-2]42[N+]2=C1[C@@H](CCC(=O)OC\C=C(/C)CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@H](C)C2=C5 ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M 0.000 description 3
- KAATUXNTWXVJKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N cypermethrin Chemical compound CC1(C)C(C=C(Cl)Cl)C1C(=O)OC(C#N)C1=CC=CC(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 KAATUXNTWXVJKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229960005424 cypermethrin Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000000645 desinfectant Substances 0.000 description 3
- ZQEIXNIJLIKNTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-N-(methoxyacetyl)alaninate Chemical compound COCC(=O)N(C(C)C(=O)OC)C1=C(C)C=CC=C1C ZQEIXNIJLIKNTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009335 monocropping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000002054 transplantation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000005602 Coleus parviflorus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000096857 Dioscorea batatas Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002722 Dioscorea batatas Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 206010027145 Melanocytic naevus Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000007256 Nevus Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010039509 Scab Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003020 moisturizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium phosphate Substances [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
Abstract
The invention discloses a green quality-improving and efficiency-increasing off-ground cultivation method for producing potato breeder seeds, which belongs to the technical field of off-ground cultivation of the potato breeder seeds and comprises the following steps: the cultivation method comprises the steps of building a cultivation room, building a seedbed, paving a matrix, controlling temperature and humidity, broadcasting base fertilizer, watering before transplanting, transplanting virus-free seedlings, managing in an early stage, managing in a middle stage and managing in a later stage.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of off-ground cultivation technology of potato breeder seeds, and particularly relates to a green quality-improving and efficiency-improving off-ground cultivation method for producing potato breeder seeds.
Background
The production of potato stock is the most important link of the virus-free seed potato production technical system, mainly uses culture medium vermiculite to transplant virus-free test-tube plantlets, and is a production method generally applied in northern potato main production areas at present. Gansu province is an important commercial potato and seed potato production area of Chinese potatoes, and through development for many years, a predominant production area with distinct characteristics and clear regional layout and the largest virus-free seed potato production base in China are formed. The Dingxi is the main potato production area in Gansu province, the first national grade regional fine variety breeding base in China, and a standardized production technology system for the virus-free potato seeds is established.
The potato stock culture mostly adopts the traditional half-off cultivation, namely, a layer of isolation gauze is paved on soil, matrix vermiculite is paved on the gauze, and virus-free seedling transplantation is carried out on the vermiculite, so that the potato stock is produced. However, with the increasing of the cultivation period, the traditional half-off cultivation does not completely separate the potatoes from the continuous cropping soil, the root systems of the potatoes can contact the soil from the gaps of the gauze to absorb germs, so that the soil-borne diseases such as potato scab and black nevus frequently occur, the continuous cropping obstacles are increasingly prominent, and the quality of the original seeds is seriously affected.
At present, a steel-structure rolling seedbed and a simple off-ground cultivation device are gradually applied to the production of potato breeder seeds, but the corresponding cultivation technology is incomplete in matching, the temperature and humidity control and the supply system research of nutrient elements are less in the cultivation process, and the application of the technology is seriously hindered.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a green quality-improving and efficiency-improving off-ground cultivation method for producing potato breeder seeds on the basis of a traditional cultivation mode in a semiarid region, aiming at the problems that soil-borne diseases are increasingly serious, the application amount of pesticides and fertilizers is large, the application is not economical and reasonable and the like in the production of the potato breeder seeds.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a green quality-improving and efficiency-increasing ground-off cultivation method for producing potato breeder seeds comprises the following steps:
s1: building a culture room: constructing a cultivation room for producing potato breeder seeds, and arranging a shed film, an insect-proof gauze, a sunshade net, a ventilation opening, a reservoir and a sprinkling irrigation system;
s2: setting up a seedbed: setting up a seedbed in a cultivation room, paving black plastic ground cloth on the seedbed, and scattering a small amount of carbendazim at the bottom of the seedbed for disinfection after paving the black plastic ground cloth;
s3: laying a matrix: the matrix is vermiculite, and is 1 bag/m2Standard paving (about 10 kg), wherein the paving thickness is about 8 cm;
s4: temperature and humidity control: controlling the temperature of the cultivation room to be 14-28 ℃, controlling the humidity to be 20-50%, and keeping the water content of the seedbed matrix to be 10-50%;
s5: base fertilizer broadcasting: weighing compound fertilizers and organic fertilizers according to the area of the seedbeds in proportion, uniformly mixing the weighed compound fertilizers and organic fertilizers, and uniformly spreading the mixture on vermiculite of each seedbed;
s6: watering before transplanting: opening a sunshade net in the cultivation room before planting, watering by using a water pipe (without a spray head) one day before transplanting to ensure that the water content of the seedbed matrix reaches 80 percent, and watering until the seedbed drips;
s7: transplanting the detoxified seedlings: before transplanting, stirring vermiculite by a bamboo stick, scraping the vermiculite by a scraper, then sweeping the vermiculite by a broom, marking a line spacing by a scriber, determining a plant spacing according to density, then transplanting detoxified seedlings, spraying water by a water pipe (with a spray head) again after the transplanting is finished, ensuring that water is uniformly and thoroughly poured, and keeping warm and moisturizing the detoxified seedlings after the transplanting is finished;
s8: early management: in the early stage of transplanting the detoxified seedlings, opening an air vent of a cultivation room for ventilation and cooling in spring and summer when the morning is 10:00 to 16:00 afternoon, replenishing water according to the humidity condition of a seedbed after seedling planting to ensure that the water content is uniformly and thoroughly poured, reducing ventilation time according to the temperature and humidity condition of the seedbed in cloudy days, pressing the detoxified seedlings after transplanting for 15-20 days, wherein the step of pressing the seedlings is to press the upper parts of the seedlings into vermiculite to promote the seedlings to grow from lateral branches and roots, replenishing vermiculite in a place with thin vermiculite, replenishing water and fertilizer in time after pressing the seedlings, spraying 1-2 kg of compound fertilizer with good solubility through a water and fertilizer integrated system to promote the rooting, retracting a sunshade net after 30-40 days of transplanting the detoxified seedlings to fully receive illumination, and spraying a small amount of bactericide and insecticide;
s9: and (4) medium-term management: watering in time according to the humidity of a seedbed in the middle stage of transplanting the virus-free seedlings, and topdressing according to the growth and development stage of the virus-free seedlings, wherein the fertilizer follows a small amount of multiple principles in the topdressing process;
s10: and (4) post management: and in the later stage of transplanting the detoxified seedlings, reducing the watering amount according to the humidity of the seedbed, opening a sunshade net for cooling when the temperature is higher, stopping watering 20 days before potato harvesting, harvesting when vermiculite is dried and loosened, drying for 5-7 days (without the sun) after harvesting, grading, bagging and warehousing.
In step S1, the cultivation room may be constructed as a sunlight greenhouse or a net room.
In the step S5, the compound fertilizer and the organic fertilizer are weighed according to the area of the seedbed, and the area of the seedbed is 10m2Selecting and using a sprinkling rich compound fertilizer (N: P)2O5:K215 percent of O and 15 percent of C) about 0.6kg, when the O is replaced by other compound fertilizers, the content needs to be converted, the nitrogen content can not exceed the limit, the use of urea is not advocated, 0.5 to 1kg of organic fertilizer under the condition of Jiatianxia (containing organic matter 40 percent) is selected, and potash magnesium sulfate fertilizer (containing K) is selected2More than or equal to 24 percent of O and more than or equal to 6 percent of Mg) of 0.15kg, uniformly mixing the weighed scattered rich compound fertilizer, the organic fertilizer under the first day and the potash magnesium sulphate fertilizer, and then spreading the mixture on vermiculite of a seedbed to ensure uniformity, otherwise, the growth vigor of the detoxified seedlings is not uniform.
In step S7, the method for keeping warm and moisture of the virus-free seedlings after the completion of the transplanting is as follows: after the detoxified surface is transplanted in spring, inserting iron wires at intervals of 1 m on both sides of the seedbed, and covering with small arched shed films; after the detoxified flour is transplanted in autumn, no heat preservation measures are adopted because of high temperature in autumn.
In the step S7, the row spacing for transplanting the detoxified seedlings is 9-12 cm, the transplanting plant spacing is 2.5-4 cm, and the planting density is 200-240 plants/m2In the meantime.
In the step S8, metalaxyl-M-Zn is selected as the bactericide, and when the bactericide is used, the bactericide is directly sprayed on the detoxified seedlings to prevent fungal diseases; the pesticide is avermectin or cyromazine, and is sprayed to the bottom of seedbed and walkway for preventing and treating leaf miner and fruit fly.
In step S9, the top dressing process includes: top dressing middle and early stages with nitrogen fertilizerMainly composed of urea (N46%) and potassium nitrate (K)2O44.5%) as main component (or directly using macroelement water soluble fertilizer), and spreading fertile compound fertilizer (N: P) in the later stage of top dressing2O5:K215 percent of O and 15 percent of O) as main components, and the dosage is gradually increased according to the growth period of the virus-free seedlings, and the dosage is 2.5-5 kg; supplementing a water-soluble fertilizer Brandt GH nutrient solution (Ca 100g/L and Mg 16g/L) with trace elements of calcium and magnesium, supplementing for 3 times (0.5L each time), and completing the supplement by combining spray irrigation; supplementing foliar fertilizer with potassium dihydrogen phosphate (N13.5%, P)2O5 4.5％，K2O2.0%) as main ingredient, and supplementing for 3 times according to dosage requirements, and supplementing with a sprayer; supplementing iron element, supplementing iron element with ferrous sulfate, wherein the concentration cannot exceed 0.2%, supplementing for 3 times, and supplementing with sprayer; the principle of the top dressing process is N, P2O5、K2The total O amount is 5, 2.5 and 7kg/667m respectively2The top dressing ratio is N: P2O5:K2The amount of O added is 1.0:0.5:1.5, and the amount of O added per time is determined according to the ratio.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention develops the off-ground cultivation test research of the potato virus-free seedlings by applying a water-fertilizer integration technology on the basis of the equipped off-ground cultivation seedbed. The temperature and humidity change of a greenhouse in the potato growing period and the temperature change of a culture medium in a seedbed of an off-ground cultivation facility are monitored, the influences of the base fertilizer application amount, the type and the amount of additional fertilizer, the use period, the supplement of trace elements and the planting density on the plant height, the stem thickness, the leaf number and the yield of the potato virus-free seedlings are researched, the problems that the off-ground cultivation moisture is difficult to control and the fertilizer pesticide is unreasonable to use are solved, the yield of the original stock is improved, the qualified potato bearing rate of a single plant is improved to 2.8-3.5 grains from 1.5-2.3 grains, the economic benefit is improved, the occurrence of soil-borne diseases is reduced, the quality is improved, and the purpose of green production is achieved.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments, which are illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
Example 1
A green quality-improving and efficiency-increasing ground-off cultivation method for producing potato breeder seeds comprises the following steps:
s1: building a culture room: a cultivation room for producing the potato breeder's seed is built, the cultivation room can be built as a sunlight greenhouse or a net room, and a shed film, an insect-proof gauze, a sunshade net, a ventilation opening, a reservoir and a sprinkling irrigation system are required to be arranged in the cultivation room;
s2: setting up a seedbed: setting up a seedbed in a cultivation room, paving black plastic ground cloth on the seedbed, and scattering a small amount of carbendazim at the bottom of the seedbed for disinfection after paving the black plastic ground cloth; the seedbed adopts the applied utility model of my department, namely 'simple off-ground cultivation seedbed equipment for producing potato breeder seeds' (CN202020238493.3) or 'a rolling off-ground cultivation seedbed' (CN 202020271598.9);
s3: laying a matrix: the matrix is vermiculite, and is 1 bag/m2(about 10 kg) of standard paving with a thickness of about 8cm per bed (area 10 m)2) 1-square vermiculite is needed;
s4: temperature and humidity control: controlling the temperature and humidity of the cultivation room at 20 ℃ and 30%, and keeping the water content of the seedbed matrix at 35%;
s5: base fertilizer broadcasting: weighing compound fertilizer and organic fertilizer according to the ratio of the area of the seedbed to the area of 10m2Selecting and using a sprinkling rich compound fertilizer (N: P)2O5:K215 percent of O and 15 percent of O) and 0.6kg of the fertilizer, when the O is replaced by other compound fertilizers, the content needs to be converted, the nitrogen content can not exceed the limit, and the use of urea is not advocated; 0.8kg of organic fertilizer (containing 40 percent of organic matters) under A day and potassium magnesium sulfate (containing K) are selected2More than or equal to 24 percent of O and more than or equal to 6 percent of Mg) 0.15kg, uniformly mixing the weighed compound fertilizer capable of being enriched, the organic fertilizer under the first day and the potash magnesium sulphate fertilizer, and uniformly spreading the mixture on vermiculite of each seedbed to ensure uniformity, otherwise, the growth vigor of the detoxified seedlings is not uniform;
s6: watering before transplanting: in both spring planting and autumn planting, a sunshade net in a cultivation room is opened before planting, watering is started by using a water pipe (without a spray head) one day before transplanting, the water content of a seedbed matrix reaches 80%, and the seedbed matrix is watered until water drips;
s7: transplanting the detoxified seedlings: stirring vermiculite with bamboo stick before transplanting, scraping with scraper, sweeping with broom, scribing row spacing (generally 11cm) with scriber, transplanting with detoxified seedling, wherein the row spacing is generally 3cm, the planting density is different according to species, and the general density is 220 plants/m2After the cultivation, water is sprayed again by using a water pipe (with a spray head) to ensure that water is uniformly and thoroughly poured, a sprinkling irrigation system is not needed for watering, after the detoxified surface is transplanted in spring, iron wires are inserted at intervals of 1 meter on two sides of the seedbed, a small arched shed film is covered, and the seedbed is kept warm and moist; after the virus-free surface is transplanted in autumn, a small arched shed film is not suitable to cover because of high temperature in autumn;
s8: early management: in the early stage of transplanting the detoxified seedlings, opening an air vent of a culture room for ventilation and cooling in spring and summer when the temperature is 10:00 am to 16:00 pm, supplementing water according to the humidity condition of a seedbed after the seedlings are planted, ensuring that the water content is uniformly watered, the water content is not lower than 15%, reducing ventilation time according to the temperature and humidity condition of the seedbed in cloudy days, generally pressing the detoxified seedlings after transplanting for 15-20 days, wherein the seedling pressing means pressing the upper parts of the seedlings into vermiculite to promote the seedlings to grow from lateral branches, supplementing a proper amount of vermiculite in a place with thin vermiculite, timely supplying water and fertilizer after the seedlings are pressed, spraying 1.5kg of compound fertilizer with good solubility through a water and fertilizer integrated system to promote the rooting, collecting a sunshade net when the seedlings grow well (generally 30-40 days after planting) after the seedlings are pressed, fully receiving light to strengthen the seedlings, and spraying a proper amount of bactericide and insecticide, the bactericide is methyl-frost-spraying manganese zinc, and when in use, the disinfectant is directly sprayed on the detoxified seedlings to prevent fungal diseases; the pesticide is selected from avermectin cypermethrin or cyromazine, and is sprayed to the bottom of a seedbed and a walkway when in use, so as to prevent and control liriomyza and drosophila;
s9: and (4) medium-term management: in the middle stage of the virus-free seedling transplantation, watering is carried out in time according to the humidity of the seedbed, water is sprayed once in 1-2 days when the temperature is higher, otherwise, the seedlings are caused to be supplemented with trace elements such as iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc properlyEtc.; topdressing is carried out according to the growth and development period of the detoxified seedlings, wherein the middle and early stages of the topdressing mainly comprise nitrogen fertilizers and potassium fertilizers, mainly urea (N46%), potassium nitrate (K)2O44.5%) as main component (or directly using macroelement water soluble fertilizer), and in the later stage of top dressing, spreading fertile compound fertilizer (N: P)2O5:K215 percent of O and 15 percent of O) as main components, and the dosage is gradually increased according to the growth period of the virus-free seedlings and is 4 kg; supplementing a water-soluble fertilizer Brandt GH nutrient solution (Ca 100g/L and Mg 16g/L) with trace elements of calcium and magnesium, supplementing for 3 times (0.5L each time), and completing the supplement by combining spray irrigation; supplementing foliar fertilizer with potassium dihydrogen phosphate (N13.5%, P)2O5 4.5％，K2O2.0%) as main ingredient, and supplementing for 3 times according to dosage requirements, and supplementing with a sprayer; supplementing iron element, supplementing iron element with ferrous sulfate, wherein the concentration cannot exceed 0.2%, supplementing for 3 times, and supplementing with sprayer; the principle of the top dressing process is N, P2O5、K2The total O amount is 5, 2.5 and 7kg/667m respectively2The top dressing ratio is N: P2O5:K2O is 1.0:0.5:1.5, the application amount of each time is determined according to the proportion, the fertilizer follows the principle of a small amount of times in the top dressing process, if the growth vigor of the detoxified seedlings is more vigorous, the height is controlled by using a chlorophyll preparation, if the seedlings meet rainy days, the seedlings need to be sprayed with pesticide in time to prevent late blight, and metalaxyl manganese zinc, dimethomorph, silver French and the like are mainly used;
s10: and (4) post management: and in the later stage of transplanting the detoxified seedlings, the watering amount is reduced according to the humidity of a seedbed, the storing is facilitated, when the temperature is higher, a sunshade net is opened for cooling, watering is stopped 20 days before potato harvesting, harvesting is carried out when vermiculite is dried and loosened, after harvesting, after 5-7 days of airing (without the sun), grading is carried out, and bagging and warehousing are carried out.
In example 1, a potato variety, jima No. 7, is planted by a northern potato stock seed green quality-improving synergistic cultivation method, and the specific data are as follows:
1) yield analysis: the seedling protection rate is improved to 96 percent from 90 percent of the traditional cultivation, the qualified tuber number of a single plant is improved to 3.5 grains from 2.3 grains of the traditional cultivation, and the yield is improved by 52.17 percent.
2) Cost input analysis: the seedling bed is arranged and the labor cost is lower than that of the traditional cultivation (each greenhouse is 666.7m in light)2Calculated) was added 26333 yuan.
3) And (3) benefit analysis: according to the original stock seed with the price of 0.30 yuan, compared with the traditional cultivation, the cultivation above the ground can increase the income by 59648 yuan.
4) And (3) comprehensive analysis: compared with the traditional cultivation, the yield of the potatoes is increased by 33315.4 yuan in each season in the off-ground cultivation, the off-ground cultivation has no soil-borne diseases, the original potato seeds have good color and high quality, the application and popularization of the technology can obviously improve the production benefit of the original potato seeds, and the requirements of green quality improvement and efficiency improvement are met.
Example 2
A green quality-improving and efficiency-increasing ground-off cultivation method for producing potato breeder seeds comprises the following steps:
s1: building a culture room: a cultivation room for producing the potato breeder's seed is built, the cultivation room can be built as a sunlight greenhouse or a net room, and a shed film, an insect-proof gauze, a sunshade net, a ventilation opening, a reservoir and a sprinkling irrigation system are required to be arranged in the cultivation room;
s2: setting up a seedbed: setting up a seedbed in a cultivation room, paving black plastic ground cloth on the seedbed, and scattering a small amount of carbendazim at the bottom of the seedbed for disinfection after paving the black plastic ground cloth; the seedbed adopts the applied utility model of my department, namely 'simple off-ground cultivation seedbed equipment for producing potato breeder seeds' (CN202020238493.3) or 'a rolling off-ground cultivation seedbed' (CN 202020271598.9);
s3: laying a matrix: the matrix is vermiculite, and is 1 bag/m2(about 10 kg) of standard paving with a thickness of about 8cm per bed (area 10 m)2) 1-square vermiculite is needed;
s4: temperature and humidity control: controlling the temperature and humidity of the culture room at 14 ℃ and 20%, and keeping the water content of the seedbed matrix at 30%;
s5: base fertilizer broadcasting: weighing compound fertilizer and organic fertilizer according to the ratio of the area of the seedbed to the area of 10m2Selecting and using a sprinkling rich compound fertilizer (N: P)2O5:K2O＝15 percent to 15 percent) and 0.5kg, when other compound fertilizers are used for substitution, the content needs to be converted, the nitrogen content can not exceed the limit, and the use of urea is not advocated; 0.5kg of organic fertilizer (containing 40 percent of organic matters) under A day and potassium magnesium sulfate (containing K) are selected2More than or equal to 24 percent of O and more than or equal to 6 percent of Mg) 0.1kg, uniformly mixing the weighed and scattered richable compound fertilizer, the organic fertilizer under the first day and the potash magnesium sulphate fertilizer, and then uniformly spreading the mixture on vermiculite of each seedbed to ensure uniformity, otherwise, the growth vigor of the detoxified seedlings is not uniform;
s6: watering before transplanting: in both spring planting and autumn planting, a sunshade net in a cultivation room is opened before planting, watering is started by using a water pipe (without a spray head) one day before transplanting, the water content of a seedbed matrix reaches 80%, and the seedbed matrix is watered until water drips;
s7: transplanting the detoxified seedlings: stirring vermiculite with bamboo stick before transplanting, scraping with scraper, sweeping with broom, scribing row spacing (generally 9cm) with scriber, transplanting with detoxified seedling, wherein the row spacing is generally 2.5cm, the planting density is different according to species, and the general density is 200 plants/m2After the cultivation, water is sprayed again by using a water pipe (with a spray head) to ensure that water is uniformly and thoroughly poured, a sprinkling irrigation system is not needed for watering, after the detoxified surface is transplanted in spring, iron wires are inserted at intervals of 1 meter on two sides of the seedbed, a small arched shed film is covered, and the seedbed is kept warm and moist; after the virus-free surface is transplanted in autumn, a small arched shed film is not suitable to cover because of high temperature in autumn;
s8: early management: in the early stage of transplanting the detoxified seedlings, opening an air vent of a culture room for ventilation and cooling in spring and summer when the temperature is 10:00 am to 16:00 pm, supplementing water according to the humidity condition of a seedbed after the seedlings are planted, ensuring that the water content is uniformly watered, the water content is not lower than 15%, reducing ventilation time according to the temperature and humidity condition of the seedbed in cloudy days, generally pressing the detoxified seedlings after transplanting for 15-20 days, wherein the seedling pressing means pressing the upper parts of the seedlings into vermiculite to promote the seedlings to grow from lateral branches, supplementing a proper amount of vermiculite in a place with thin vermiculite, timely supplying water and fertilizer after the seedlings are pressed, spraying 1kg of compound fertilizer with good solubility through a water and fertilizer integrated system to promote the rooting, collecting a sunshade net when the seedlings grow well (generally 30-40 days after planting) after the seedlings are pressed, fully receiving light to strengthen the seedlings, and spraying a proper amount of bactericide and insecticide, the bactericide is methyl-frost-spraying manganese zinc, and when in use, the disinfectant is directly sprayed on the detoxified seedlings to prevent fungal diseases; the pesticide is selected from avermectin cypermethrin or cyromazine, and is sprayed to the bottom of a seedbed and a walkway when in use, so as to prevent and control liriomyza and drosophila;
s9: and (4) medium-term management: watering in time according to the humidity of a seedbed in the middle stage of the transplanting of the virus-free seedlings, spraying water once in 1-2 days when the temperature is higher, otherwise, properly supplementing trace elements such as iron, calcium, magnesium, zinc and the like to the seedlings; topdressing is carried out according to the growth and development period of the detoxified seedlings, wherein the middle and early stages of the topdressing mainly comprise nitrogen fertilizers and potassium fertilizers, mainly urea (N46%), potassium nitrate (K)2O44.5%) as main component (or directly using macroelement water soluble fertilizer), and in the later stage of top dressing, spreading fertile compound fertilizer (N: P)2O5:K215 percent of O and 15 percent of O) as main components, and the dosage is gradually increased according to the growth period of the virus-free seedlings and is 2.5 kg; supplementing a water-soluble fertilizer Brandt GH nutrient solution (Ca 100g/L and Mg 16g/L) with trace elements of calcium and magnesium, supplementing for 3 times (0.5L each time), and completing the supplement by combining spray irrigation; the foliar fertilizer is supplemented with monopotassium phosphate (N13.5%, P)2O5 4.5％，K2O2.0%) as main ingredient, and supplementing for 3 times according to dosage requirements, and supplementing with a sprayer; supplementing iron element, supplementing iron element with ferrous sulfate, wherein the concentration cannot exceed 0.2%, supplementing for 3 times, and supplementing with sprayer; the principle of the top dressing process is N, P2O5、K2The total O amount is 5, 2.5 and 7kg/667m respectively2The top dressing ratio is N: P2O5:K2O is 1.0:0.5:1.5, the application amount of each time is determined according to the proportion, the fertilizer in the top dressing process complies with the principle of a small amount of multiple times, if the growth vigor of the detoxified seedlings is more vigorous, the height is controlled by using a chlorophyll preparation, if the detoxified seedlings meet rainy days, the seedlings need to be sprayed in time to prevent late blight, and metalaxyl manganese zinc, dimethomorph, silver French and the like are mainly used;
s10: and (4) post management: and in the later stage of transplanting the detoxified seedlings, the watering amount is reduced according to the humidity of a seedbed, the storing is facilitated, when the temperature is higher, a sunshade net is opened for cooling, watering is stopped 20 days before potato harvesting, harvesting is carried out when vermiculite is dried and loosened, after harvesting, after 5-7 days of airing (without the sun), grading is carried out, and bagging and warehousing are carried out.
In example 2, the potato variety longshu 7 is planted by adopting the northern potato original seed green quality-improving and efficiency-improving ground-leaving cultivation method, the seedling protection rate is improved to 93% from 90% of the traditional cultivation, the qualified potato number of a single plant is improved to 2.8 grains from 2.3 grains of the traditional cultivation, and the yield is improved by 21.74%.
Example 3
A green quality-improving and efficiency-increasing ground-off cultivation method for producing potato breeder seeds comprises the following steps:
s1: building a culture room: a cultivation room for producing the potato breeder's seed is built, the cultivation room can be built as a sunlight greenhouse or a net room, and a shed film, an insect-proof gauze, a sunshade net, a ventilation opening, a reservoir and a sprinkling irrigation system are required to be arranged in the cultivation room;
s2: setting up a seedbed: setting up a seedbed in a cultivation room, paving black plastic ground cloth on the seedbed, and scattering a small amount of carbendazim at the bottom of the seedbed for disinfection after paving the black plastic ground cloth; the seedbed adopts the applied utility model of my department, namely 'simple off-ground cultivation seedbed equipment for producing potato breeder seeds' (CN202020238493.3) or 'a rolling off-ground cultivation seedbed' (CN 202020271598.9);
s3: laying a matrix: the matrix is vermiculite, and is 1 bag/m2(about 10 kg) of standard paving with a thickness of about 8cm per bed (area 10 m)2) 1-square vermiculite is needed;
s4: temperature and humidity control: controlling the temperature of the cultivation room at 28 ℃ and the humidity at 50%, and keeping the water content of the seedbed matrix at 50%;
s5: base fertilizer broadcasting: weighing compound fertilizer and organic fertilizer according to the ratio of the area of the seedbed to the area of 10m2Selecting and using a sprinkling rich compound fertilizer (N: P)2O5:K215 percent of O and 15 percent of O) and 0.7kg of the fertilizer, when the O is replaced by other compound fertilizers, the content needs to be converted, the nitrogen content can not exceed the limit, and the use of urea is not advocated; choose to use1kg of organic fertilizer (containing 40 percent of organic matter) under the first day, and potash magnesium sulphate fertilizer (containing K) is selected2More than or equal to 24 percent of O and more than or equal to 6 percent of Mg) 0.2kg, uniformly mixing the weighed compound fertilizer capable of being enriched, the organic fertilizer under the first day and the potash magnesium sulphate fertilizer, and uniformly spraying the mixture on the vermiculite of each seedbed to ensure uniformity, otherwise, the growth vigor of the detoxified seedlings is not uniform;
s6: watering before transplanting: in both spring planting and autumn planting, a sunshade net in a cultivation room is opened before planting, watering is started by using a water pipe (without a spray head) one day before transplanting, the water content of a seedbed matrix reaches 80%, and the seedbed matrix is watered until water drips;
s7: transplanting the detoxified seedlings: stirring vermiculite with bamboo stick before transplanting, scraping with scraper, sweeping with broom, scribing row spacing (generally 12cm) with scriber, transplanting virus-free seedlings at row spacing of 4cm, and culturing at culture density of 240 plants/m2After the cultivation, water is sprayed again by using a water pipe (with a spray head) to ensure that water is uniformly and thoroughly poured, a sprinkling irrigation system is not needed for watering, after the detoxified surface is transplanted in spring, iron wires are inserted at intervals of 1 meter on two sides of the seedbed, a small arched shed film is covered, and the seedbed is kept warm and moist; after the virus-free surface is transplanted in autumn, a small arched shed film is not suitable to cover because of high temperature in autumn;
s8: early management: in the early stage of transplanting the detoxified seedlings, opening an air vent of a culture room for ventilation and cooling in spring and summer when the temperature is 10:00 am to 16:00 pm, supplementing water according to the humidity condition of a seedbed after the seedlings are planted, ensuring that the water content is uniformly watered, the water content is not lower than 15%, reducing ventilation time according to the temperature and humidity condition of the seedbed in cloudy days, generally pressing the detoxified seedlings after transplanting for 15-20 days, wherein the seedling pressing means pressing the upper parts of the seedlings into vermiculite to promote the seedlings to grow from lateral branches, supplementing a proper amount of vermiculite in a place with thin vermiculite, timely supplying water and fertilizer after the seedlings are pressed, spraying 2kg of compound fertilizer with good solubility through a water and fertilizer integrated system to promote the rooting, collecting a sunshade net when the seedlings grow well (generally 30-40 days after planting) after the seedlings are pressed, fully receiving light to strengthen the seedlings, and spraying a proper amount of bactericide and insecticide, the bactericide is methyl-frost-spraying manganese zinc, and when in use, the disinfectant is directly sprayed on the detoxified seedlings to prevent fungal diseases; the pesticide is selected from avermectin cypermethrin or cyromazine, and is sprayed to the bottom of a seedbed and a walkway when in use, so as to prevent and control liriomyza and drosophila;
s9: and (4) medium-term management: watering in time according to the humidity of a seedbed in the middle stage of the transplanting of the virus-free seedlings, spraying water once in 1-2 days when the temperature is higher, otherwise, properly supplementing trace elements such as iron, calcium, magnesium, zinc and the like to the seedlings; topdressing is carried out according to the growth and development period of the detoxified seedlings, wherein the middle and early stages of the topdressing mainly comprise nitrogen fertilizers and potassium fertilizers, mainly urea (N46%), potassium nitrate (K)2O44.5%) as main component (or directly using macroelement water soluble fertilizer), and in the later stage of top dressing, spreading fertile compound fertilizer (N: P)2O5:K215 percent of O and 15 percent of O) as main components, and the dosage is gradually increased according to the growth period of the virus-free seedlings and is 5 kg; supplementing a water-soluble fertilizer Brandt GH nutrient solution (Ca 100g/L and Mg 16g/L) with trace elements of calcium and magnesium, supplementing for 3 times (0.5L each time), and completing the supplement by combining spray irrigation; supplementing foliar fertilizer with potassium dihydrogen phosphate (N13.5%, P)2O5 4.5％，K2O2.0%) as main ingredient, and supplementing for 3 times according to dosage requirements, and supplementing with a sprayer; supplementing iron element, supplementing iron element with ferrous sulfate, wherein the concentration cannot exceed 0.2%, supplementing for 3 times, and supplementing with sprayer; the principle of the top dressing process is N, P2O5、K2The total O amount is 5, 2.5 and 7kg/667m respectively2The top dressing ratio is N: P2O5:K2O is 1.0:0.5:1.5, the application amount of each time is determined according to the proportion, the fertilizer follows the principle of a small amount of times in the top dressing process, if the growth vigor of the detoxified seedlings is more vigorous, the height is controlled by using a chlorophyll preparation, if the seedlings meet rainy days, the seedlings need to be sprayed with pesticide in time to prevent late blight, and metalaxyl manganese zinc, dimethomorph, silver French and the like are mainly used;
s10: and (4) post management: and in the later stage of transplanting the detoxified seedlings, the watering amount is reduced according to the humidity of a seedbed, the storing is facilitated, when the temperature is higher, a sunshade net is opened for cooling, watering is stopped 20 days before potato harvesting, harvesting is carried out when vermiculite is dried and loosened, after harvesting, after 5-7 days of airing (without the sun), grading is carried out, and bagging and warehousing are carried out.
In example 3, the potato variety longshu 7 is planted by adopting the northern potato original seed green quality-improving and efficiency-improving ground-leaving cultivation method, the seedling protection rate is improved to 95% from 90% of the traditional cultivation, the qualified potato number per plant is improved to 3.2 grains from 2.3 grains of the traditional cultivation, and the yield is improved to 39.13%.
The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above, and specific examples are applied in the present disclosure to explain the principles and implementations of the embodiments of the present invention, and the descriptions of the embodiments above are only used to help understanding the principles of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A green quality-improving and effect-increasing off-ground cultivation method for producing potato breeder seeds is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: building a culture room: constructing a cultivation room for producing potato breeder seeds, and arranging a shed film, an insect-proof gauze, a sunshade net, a ventilation opening, a reservoir and a sprinkling irrigation system;
s2: setting up a seedbed: setting up a seedbed in a cultivation room, paving black plastic ground cloth on the seedbed, and scattering carbendazim at the bottom of the seedbed for disinfection after paving the black plastic ground cloth;
s3: laying a matrix: the matrix is vermiculite with a concentration of 10Kg/m2The standard laying is carried out, and the laying thickness is 8 cm;
s4: temperature and humidity control: controlling the temperature of the cultivation room to be 14-28 ℃, controlling the humidity to be 20-50%, and keeping the water content of the seedbed matrix to be 10-50%;
s5: base fertilizer broadcasting: weighing compound fertilizers and organic fertilizers according to the area of the seedbeds in proportion, uniformly mixing the weighed compound fertilizers and organic fertilizers, and uniformly spreading the mixture on vermiculite of each seedbed;
s6: watering before transplanting: opening a sunshade net in a cultivation room before planting, watering by using a water pipe without a spray head one day before transplanting to ensure that the water content of the seedbed matrix reaches 80 percent, and watering until the seedbed drips;
s7: transplanting the detoxified seedlings: before transplanting, stirring vermiculite by a bamboo stick, scraping the vermiculite by a scraper, then sweeping the vermiculite by a broom, marking a line spacing by a scriber, determining a plant spacing according to density, then transplanting detoxified seedlings, spraying water by a water pipe with a spray nozzle again after the transplanting is finished, ensuring that water is uniformly and thoroughly poured, and keeping warm and moisture of the detoxified seedlings after the transplanting is finished;
s8: early management: in the early stage of transplanting the detoxified seedlings, opening a ventilation opening of a cultivation room for ventilation and cooling in spring and summer when the morning is 10:00 to 16:00 afternoon, replenishing water according to the humidity condition of a seedbed after seedling planting to ensure that the water content is uniformly and thoroughly poured, reducing the ventilation time according to the temperature and humidity condition of the seedbed in cloudy days, pressing the detoxified seedlings after transplanting for 15-20 days, wherein the step of pressing the seedlings is to press the upper parts of the seedlings into vermiculite to promote the seedlings to grow from lateral branches and roots, replenishing a proper amount of vermiculite in a place with thin vermiculite, replenishing water and fertilizer in time after pressing the seedlings, spraying 1-2 kg of compound fertilizer with good solubility through a water and fertilizer integrated system to promote the seat roots, and collecting a sunshade net after transplanting the detoxified seedlings for 30-40 days to fully receive illumination, and spraying a bactericide and a pesticide;
s9: and (4) medium-term management: watering in time according to the humidity of a seedbed in the middle stage of transplanting the virus-free seedlings, and topdressing according to the growth and development stage of the virus-free seedlings, wherein the fertilizer follows a small amount of multiple principles in the topdressing process;
s10: and (4) post management: and in the later stage of transplanting the virus-free seedlings, reducing the watering amount according to the humidity of the seedbed, opening the sunshade net to cool when the temperature is higher, stopping watering 20 days before potato harvesting, harvesting when vermiculite is dried and loose, drying in the shade for 5-7 days after harvesting, grading the harvested potatoes, bagging and warehousing.
2. The cultivation method of claim 1, wherein the cultivation method comprises the following steps: in step S1, the cultivation room is a sunlight greenhouse or a net room.
3. The cultivation method of claim 1, wherein the cultivation method comprises the following steps: in the step S5, the method is based on the surface of the seedbedWeighing compound fertilizer and organic fertilizer in a volume ratio of 10m2Selecting N-P2O5:K20.5-0.7 kg of 15% O-15% inorganic compound fertilizer, when replacing with other compound fertilizer, the content needs to be converted, the nitrogen content can not exceed the limit, 0.5-1 kg of organic fertilizer containing 40% organic matter is selected, and K is selected20.1-0.2 kg of potassium magnesium sulfate fertilizer with O more than or equal to 24 percent and Mg more than or equal to 6 percent, uniformly mixing the weighed inorganic compound fertilizer, organic fertilizer and potassium magnesium sulfate fertilizer, and then spreading on vermiculite of a seedbed to ensure uniformity, otherwise, the growth vigor of the detoxified seedlings is not uniform.
4. The cultivation method of claim 1, wherein the cultivation method comprises the following steps: in step S7, the method for keeping warm and moisture of the virus-free seedlings after the completion of the transplanting is as follows: after the virus-free surface is transplanted in spring, inserting iron wires at intervals of 1 m on both sides of the seedbed, and covering with a small arched shed film; after the virus-free surface transplanting is carried out in autumn, heat preservation measures are not adopted because the temperature is high in autumn.
5. The cultivation method of claim 1, wherein the cultivation method comprises the following steps: in the step S7, the row spacing for transplanting the virus-free seedlings is 9-12 cm, the transplanting plant spacing is 2.5-4 cm, and the cultivation density is 200-240 plants/m2In the meantime.
6. The cultivation method of claim 1, wherein the cultivation method comprises the following steps: in the step S8, metalaxyl-M-Zn is selected as the bactericide, and when the bactericide is used, the bactericide is directly sprayed on the detoxified seedlings to prevent fungal diseases; the pesticide is avermectin or cyromazine, and is sprayed to the bottom of seedbed and walkway for preventing and treating leaf miner and fruit fly.
7. The cultivation method of claim 1, wherein the cultivation method comprises the following steps: in the step S9The top dressing process comprises the following steps: the middle and early stages of the top dressing mainly comprise nitrogenous fertilizer and potash fertilizer, mainly urea containing 46% of N and K2Potassium nitrate with O of 44.5% is used as main component, and the N and P contents are used in the late stage of top dressing2O5:K215 percent of O and 15 percent of the dustable rich compound fertilizer are taken as main materials, and the dosage is gradually increased according to the growth period of the detoxified seedlings, and is 2.5-5 kg; supplementing microelements of calcium and magnesium into water soluble fertilizer Brandt GH nutrient solution containing 100g/L of Ca and 16g/L of Mg for 3 times, wherein each time is 0.5L, and the supplement is completed by combining spray irrigation; the leaf fertilizer contains 13.5 percent of N and P2O54.5% by weight of K2Potassium dihydrogen phosphate with O content of 2.0% is used as main supplement, and the supplement is carried out for 3 times according to the dosage requirement, and is supplemented by a sprayer; supplementing iron element, supplementing iron element with ferrous sulfate, wherein the concentration cannot exceed 0.2%, supplementing for 3 times, and supplementing with sprayer; the principle of the top dressing process is N, P2O5、K2The total O amount is 5, 2.5 and 7kg/667m respectively2The top dressing ratio is N: P2O5:K2O is 1.0:0.5:1.5, and the application amount of each time is determined according to the proportion.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110153070.0A CN112913672B (en) | 2021-02-04 | 2021-02-04 | Green quality-improving and efficiency-increasing off-site cultivation method for producing potato stock seeds |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110153070.0A CN112913672B (en) | 2021-02-04 | 2021-02-04 | Green quality-improving and efficiency-increasing off-site cultivation method for producing potato stock seeds |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN112913672A true CN112913672A (en) | 2021-06-08 |
| CN112913672B CN112913672B (en) | 2024-03-22 |
Family
ID=76170176
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110153070.0A Active CN112913672B (en) | 2021-02-04 | 2021-02-04 | Green quality-improving and efficiency-increasing off-site cultivation method for producing potato stock seeds |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN112913672B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114938767A (en) * | 2022-05-10 | 2022-08-26 | 甘肃定西百泉马铃薯有限公司 | Breeding and cultivating technology for potato breeder seeds and first-grade seeds |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104126386A (en) * | 2014-07-14 | 2014-11-05 | 毕节市农业科学研究所 | Potato breeder's seed production method |
| CN105766574A (en) * | 2016-03-10 | 2016-07-20 | 李文超 | Method for utilizing test tube potatoes for efficiently producing detoxication breeder's seeds |
| CN211745652U (en) * | 2020-03-02 | 2020-10-27 | 定西市农业科学研究院 | Simple lift-off cultivation seedbed equipment for producing potato breeder seeds |
| CN211881361U (en) * | 2020-03-06 | 2020-11-10 | 定西市农业科学研究院 | Rolling type off-ground cultivation seedbed |
| CN112088764A (en) * | 2019-10-22 | 2020-12-18 | 定西马铃薯研究所(普通合伙) | Method for breeding potato breeder seeds by using coconut coir as matrix |
-
2021
- 2021-02-04 CN CN202110153070.0A patent/CN112913672B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104126386A (en) * | 2014-07-14 | 2014-11-05 | 毕节市农业科学研究所 | Potato breeder's seed production method |
| CN105766574A (en) * | 2016-03-10 | 2016-07-20 | 李文超 | Method for utilizing test tube potatoes for efficiently producing detoxication breeder's seeds |
| CN112088764A (en) * | 2019-10-22 | 2020-12-18 | 定西马铃薯研究所(普通合伙) | Method for breeding potato breeder seeds by using coconut coir as matrix |
| CN211745652U (en) * | 2020-03-02 | 2020-10-27 | 定西市农业科学研究院 | Simple lift-off cultivation seedbed equipment for producing potato breeder seeds |
| CN211881361U (en) * | 2020-03-06 | 2020-11-10 | 定西市农业科学研究院 | Rolling type off-ground cultivation seedbed |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
| Title |
|---|
| 庞顺家;刘津;伏世风;: "日光温室架盘式马铃薯脱毒原原种制种技术", 中国农技推广 * |
| 敖毅;黄吉美;王朝武;徐树花;陈建林;沈丽芬;: "低纬度高海拔地区马铃薯脱毒种薯标准化生产技术", 中国马铃薯 * |
| 梁峰铭;柳俊;王季春;: "西南地区马铃薯原原种高效生产技术", 南方农业 * |
| 童霄丽;: "脱毒马铃薯原原种繁育技术", 农民科技培训 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114938767A (en) * | 2022-05-10 | 2022-08-26 | 甘肃定西百泉马铃薯有限公司 | Breeding and cultivating technology for potato breeder seeds and first-grade seeds |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN112913672B (en) | 2024-03-22 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN104041367B (en) | A kind of large cherry Cultivate administration method | |
| CN106376343B (en) | The semilate rice ratooning rice Chinese milk vetch efficient ecological anniversary implantation methods | |
| CN102293138A (en) | Greenhouse vegetable type culture method for grape | |
| CN103222383B (en) | Seedling raising method for broccoli strong seedlings | |
| CN105230333B (en) | A kind of safflower-rice, tree peony and green vegetables crop rotation implantation methods | |
| CN103250547A (en) | Winter sunlight greenhouse seedling transplantation method of potato seedling seeds | |
| CN102771356A (en) | Efficient water-saving cultivation method for rice in cold areas | |
| CN105557492A (en) | Industrialized seedling culture method for Chinese onions | |
| CN103355150A (en) | Flue-cured tobacco floating breeding cultivation method | |
| CN102715064A (en) | Method for preparing soilless culture substrate of tomatoes and method for planting tomatoes by utilizing substrate | |
| CN107114139A (en) | A kind of implantation methods of capsicum | |
| CN106416677A (en) | Spring cabbage culture method | |
| CN106386316A (en) | High-yield cultivation method for high strength general selenium rice variety | |
| CN104969766A (en) | Method for planting strawberry | |
| CN107801619A (en) | A kind of implantation methods of greenhouse cherry and tomato | |
| CN107455124A (en) | A kind of cultural method of rhodiola | |
| CN104718923A (en) | Drought-resisting cultivation method for ginkgo trees | |
| CN106982702B (en) | Method for selling grapes in greenhouse twice a year in spring festival | |
| CN112913672B (en) | Green quality-improving and efficiency-increasing off-site cultivation method for producing potato stock seeds | |
| CN104472169A (en) | Method for planting cotton at muddy coastal heavy saline-alkali land | |
| CN107047183A (en) | A kind of longan implantation methods | |
| CN112042459B (en) | Annual double-cropping cultivation method for greenhouse grapes | |
| CN108076949A (en) | A kind of Luo Keladuo indigo plants China fir cultural method | |
| CN113812324A (en) | Method for planting saffron crocus in high-altitude area | |
| CN111418458A (en) | Irrigation method for water saving and stable yield of winter wheat |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |