CN112715292A - Early spring stubble sunlight greenhouse tomato cultivation method - Google Patents
Early spring stubble sunlight greenhouse tomato cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
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- 241000227653 Lycopersicon Species 0.000 claims abstract 7
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 claims description 48
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- Botany (AREA)
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for cultivating early spring stubble sunlight greenhouse tomatoes, which comprises the following steps: 1) variety selection: selecting seeds of No. 58 tomato of Jinguan; 2) culturing strong seedlings: 2.1) sowing: adopting a plug seedling, pouring enough bottom water before sowing, and manually sowing after the water completely permeates the matrix; 2.2) seedling stage management; 3) base fertilizer application and soil preparation 3.1) soil preparation and fertilizer application; 3.2) heating and insulating the sunlight greenhouse 2 weeks before field planting; 4) planting; 5) managing after planting; 5.3) plant adjustment; 5.4) thinning flowers and fruits; 6) and (6) harvesting. Compared with the traditional planting technology, the amount of the fertilizer used per mu is reduced by more than 50-70kg, and the investment is reduced by more than 300 yuan; the pesticide application variety is changed in the aspect of pesticides, the application times and the application amount are reduced, the pesticide application is reduced by more than 8 times per mu, and the chemical fertilizer and the chemical pesticide input amount are saved by more than 50%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of planting, and particularly relates to a method for cultivating early spring stubble sunlight greenhouse tomatoes.
Background
The sunlight greenhouse is an energy-saving sunlight greenhouse, also called a greenhouse, and consists of gable walls at east and west sides, a rear wall body at north side, an inclined plane rear slope, a framework and a covering material. Is a unique greenhouse type in northern areas of China. The solar greenhouse is a greenhouse which is not heated indoors, heat storage and release are realized by absorbing solar energy through the rear wall body, and a certain indoor temperature level is maintained so as to meet the requirement of vegetable crop growth in winter. The problems of soil acidification, salinization and hardening caused by inaccurate quantity of chemical fertilizers and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium proportion, the flooding of diseases, pests and bacteria caused by improper use of chemical pesticides and the like are solved, the growth vigor of crops is influenced, and the yield and the benefit of farmers are greatly reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for cultivating early spring stubble sunlight greenhouse tomatoes.
The early spring stubble sunlight greenhouse tomato cultivation method provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
1) variety selection: selecting seeds of No. 58 tomato of Jinguan;
2) culturing strong seedlings:
2.1) sowing: adopting a plug seedling, pouring enough bottom water before sowing, and manually sowing after the water completely permeates the matrix;
2.2) management of the seedling stage
Temperature management: controlling the temperature to be 28-32 ℃ before emergence of seedlings, controlling the temperature to be 25-30 ℃ in daytime and 15-18 ℃ at night after emergence of seedlings;
when seedlings have two leaves and one core, the nutrient is supplemented by the 'crop protection' pure biological fermentation liquor;
seedling stage water management: the dryness and the dampness are always kept;
starting field planting when five leaves and one heart of the seedling are planted, and hardening the seedling one week before the field planting;
3) applying base fertilizer and soil preparation
3.1) soil preparation and fertilization
Removing all impurities in the shed, applying decomposed cow dung, compound fertilizer and soil conditioner, deeply turning over the soil, ridging, making furrows and covering with a double-color mulching film;
3.2) heating and insulating the sunlight greenhouse 2 weeks before field planting;
4) planting
Dipping roots with the compound microbial fertilizer during planting, watering the planted roots thoroughly after planting, and flushing the compound microbial fertilizer with water;
5) managing after planting;
5.1) temperature management
Reducing ventilation in the first week after planting, maintaining the temperature at 28-32 ℃ in the daytime and 15-20 ℃ at night; when a spike of flower blooms, the temperature is 20-25 ℃ in the daytime and about 15 ℃ at night; entering a second cluster fruit expansion period, wherein the temperature is 25-28 ℃ in the daytime and is 10-15 ℃ at night;
5.2) management of Fertilizer and Water
Controlling water after the field planting water is poured, and not watering until one cluster of fruits is set;
watering the first cluster of walnuts of the tomato for 1 time when the size of the first cluster of walnuts is large, wherein the watering amount is 4, and supplying water, fertilizer and medicine from the second cluster of walnuts;
applying water, fertilizer and medicine for 6 times in the whole growth period, including 667m225kg of total topdressing, 3000ml of application dosage and 2000ml of compound microbial agent dosage;
spraying a 'crop multi-protection' foliar fertilizer at the early stage, the middle stage and the later stage of crop growth by combining with foliar surfaces; the whole growth period is used for more than 4 times, and the interval of each time is about 7 to 10 days;
5.3) plant conditioning
5.4) thinning flowers and fruits
5.5) prevention and control of diseases and insect pests
5.6) temperature raising and keeping management
6) And (6) harvesting.
In the step 1) of the method, the selection of the tomato variety is very important, and the selection of disease-resistant, high-yield and storage and transportation-resistant varieties according to local conditions is the premise of obtaining high yield;
the golden crown 58 is of an infinite growth type, has strong growth potential and good disease resistance, belongs to a medium-early-maturing variety, has medium leaf amount, strong fruit setting capability under low temperature and weak light, a mature fruit is pink, the fruit shape is high circular, no green shoulder exists, the weight of a single fruit is about 250-300 g, the variety has thick fruit peel, harder pulp, long shelf life and good taste and flavor, and is storage-resistant and transport-resistant.
In the step 2.1) of the method, the sowing time can be in mid-october;
the tray seedling with 72 holes can be adopted;
the manual sowing operation comprises the following steps: 1 seed is sowed in each hole, vermiculite with the thickness of 0.5-1cm is covered after sowing, and a layer of mulching film is covered on the vermiculite for preserving heat and moisture and accelerating the emergence of seedlings;
in the step 2.2), the crop protection multi-protection pure biological fermentation liquid is a crop protection multi-protection pure biological fermentation liquid with a concentration of two thousandth;
in the step 3.1), the compound fertilizer is 48% of grain rain compound fertilizer;
the soil conditioner can be specifically a soil conditioner of a subfamily Feng;
applying 10-15m of decomposed cow dung to each mu340kg of compound fertilizer and 50kg of soil conditioner;
deeply ploughing soil by 30-40 cm;
ridging in the north-south direction, wherein the ridge height is 15-20 cm;
the double-color mulching film comprises: black two-color mulching films with the two sides of 30cm respectively and the middle of 90cm transparent and the total width of 1.5 m;
in the step 3.2), the operation of raising and maintaining the temperature is as follows: closing all ventilation openings of the greenhouse in the daytime 2 weeks before field planting, uncovering early covers of heat preservation quilts at night, covering double-color mulching films on the cultivation beds for temperature raising and heat preservation, and carrying out field planting when the soil temperature of 15cm reaches 25 ℃;
in the step 4) of the method, the field planting is carried out in double rows with the average row spacing of 65cm and the plant spacing of 35 cm;
specifically, the root is dipped by a 0.3 mass percent 'root station' compound microorganism bacterial manure during planting,
during field planting, the middle upper part of a seedling is held by hands, the seedling lump of the seedling is covered to the standard of the field planting depth, field planting water is thoroughly poured after the field planting, 1000 ml/mu of 'root station' compound microbial fertilizer is applied along with the water, and intertillage and soil loosening are carried out on a field operation way after the seedling is revived;
after planting, hanging 20 yellow plates and 20 blue plates in each mu of shed, wherein the hanging height is 15-20cm above the plant growth point, and the hanging height of the yellow plates and the blue plates is adjusted along with the growth of the plants in the later period so as to be always 15-20cm above the plant growth point;
in the step 5.2) of the method, after watering, fertilizing and pesticide application are carried out each time, intertillage is carried out on a production operation path in the field, the humidity in the shed is reduced, the ground temperature is increased, and environmental conditions which are not beneficial to generation of fungi and bacterial diseases are manufactured;
applying water, fertilizer and pesticide for 6 times in the whole growth period, specifically, planting water for 1 time, watering clear water for 1 time when the first cluster walnut is large, applying water soluble fertilizer for 15 jin + 1.8% Xinjunan 1500ml for Christmas trees (16:8:34) when the first cluster fruits are big, applying water soluble fertilizer for Christmas trees (16:8:34) for Christmas trees (20 jin + 1000ml for 'root station' composite microbial fertilizer) when the second cluster fruits are big, and applying water soluble fertilizer for Christmas trees (16:8:34) for Christmas trees (15 jin + 1.8% Xinjunan 1500 ml) when the fourth cluster fruits are big;
spraying two-thousandth concentration foliage fertilizer for 'plant protection' on the leaf surfaces in the early, middle and later periods of crop growth, wherein the foliage fertilizer is used for more than 4 times in the whole growth period, and the interval between every two days is about 7 to 10 days;
the operation of the method 5.3) is as follows: adopting a single-vine pruning technology, applying drone pollination in the whole growth period, keeping 6 ears of fruits on each plant, fixing a lifting rope with the plant by using a vine hanging clamp when the plant grows to 30cm, hanging the seedlings and tying the vines, and continuously removing lateral branches after the 1 st inflorescence blooms; after the color of the fruit at the lower part of the plant is changed, the old leaves, yellow leaves and diseased leaves at the lower part are picked off.
The operation of the method 5.4) is as follows: thinning fruits after the fruits are seated, keeping 3-4 fruits with regular shape, uniform size and good growth vigor per ear, connecting a lifting rope with the ears by using an ear hook before the fruits are expanded to prevent the ears from falling off, and after 6 ears of the plants are seated, keeping 4 leaves for pinching and removing the inflorescence of the 7 th ear of the fruits;
the operation of the method 5.5) is as follows: the demonstration point in the whole growth period of the tomato combines biological control technology, physical control technology and weight-reducing and drug-reducing technical measures, and comprises methods of suspending yellow plates and blue plates in a shed after field planting, insect-proof net application technology, mulching film covering technology, intertillage technology, water control technology, air release technology, biological pesticide application technology and the like, when plants are infected with diseases, biological pesticides are used for replacing chemical pesticides, during the growth process of the tomato, the whole growth period shares pesticide for 6 times (2 times of water-containing fertilizer pesticide), 6% oligosaccharide-catenin wettable powder is used for preventing and treating virus diseases at the early growth stage, and 40% flusilazole, 47% Carrinone wettable powder and 50% Kaze suspending agent are used for preventing and treating ulcer, leaf mold, gray mold and early and late blight at the middle and later growth stages.
The temperature increasing and preserving technology of the method 5.6) comprises a crystal PO film technology, a heat preservation quilt heat preservation technology, a cold-proof curtain cold-proof technology, a wind-proof curtain and cotton door curtain wind-proof technology, an old straw curtain enclosure at a lower wind gap outside the greenhouse and other technical measures, simultaneously unifies temperature management, reasonably regulates and controls the temperature difference between day and night, controls the relation between vegetative growth and reproductive growth of plants through fine control of temperature, and keeps the plants in balanced growth.
The novel early spring stubble sunlight greenhouse tomato cultivation mode is a comprehensive cultivation mode with leading property which is gradually discovered in the advancing process of the fruit and vegetable industry in our district. The mode requires that 30 standards and technologies such as 'unified variety, unified seedling, unified agricultural material and unified management technology' are implemented in field production operation, and compared with the traditional planting technology, the fertilizer consumption is reduced by 50-70kg per mu, and the investment is reduced by more than 300 yuan; the pesticide application variety is changed in the aspect of pesticides, the application times and the application amount are reduced, the pesticide application is reduced for 8 times per mu, and the chemical fertilizer and the chemical pesticide input amount are saved by more than 50%. The cultivation mode of early spring stubble sunlight greenhouse tomatoes in the mountainous area plays a good demonstration driving role in the fruit vegetable production in our area, and the comprehensive integration of safety, high yield and high quality is realized.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described below with reference to specific examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
The experimental methods used in the following examples are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified; reagents, materials and the like used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
Examples
The novel early spring stubble sunlight greenhouse tomato cultivation mode is a comprehensive cultivation mode with leading property which is gradually discovered in the advancing process of the fruit and vegetable industry in our district. The mode requires that 30 standards and technologies such as 'unified variety, unified seedling, unified agricultural material and unified management technology' are implemented in field production operation, compared with the traditional planting technology, the fertilizer consumption is reduced by more than 50-70kg per mu, and the investment is reduced by more than 300 yuan; the pesticide application variety is changed in the aspect of pesticides, the application times and the application amount are reduced, the pesticide application is reduced by more than 8 times per mu, and the chemical fertilizer and the chemical pesticide input amount are saved by more than 50%. The cultivation mode of early spring stubble sunlight greenhouse tomatoes in the mountainous area plays a good demonstration driving role in the fruit vegetable production in our area, and the comprehensive integration of safety, high yield and high quality is realized. The cultivation mode of early spring stubbles of solar greenhouse tomatoes in the mountainous area is as follows:
1 variety selection
The selection of tomato variety is very important, and the selection of disease-resistant, high-yield, storage-resistant and transportation-resistant varieties according to local conditions is the premise of obtaining high yield. The variety selected by the demonstration is the golden crown 58, the variety is of an unlimited growth type, is strong in growth potential and good in disease resistance, belongs to a medium-early-maturing variety, is moderate in leaf amount, strong in fruit setting capability under low temperature and weak light, a mature fruit is pink, high in round in fruit shape, free of green shoulders, and about 250-300 g of single fruit weight, the variety is thick in fruit peel, hard in pulp, storage-resistant and transport-resistant, long in shelf life and good in taste and flavor.
2 cultivating strong seedlings
2.1 sowing
The demonstration is that the seedlings are grown in a tray with 72 holes in 2018, 10, 15 and before sowing, water on soles is poured, the moisture required by seed germination is ensured, and the uniformity of seedling emergence is promoted. Manually sowing 1 seed after water completely permeates the matrix, covering vermiculite with a thickness of 0.5-1cm after sowing, and covering a layer of mulching film on the vermiculite for preserving heat and moisture and accelerating the emergence of seedlings.
2.2 management of seedling stage
The temperature of the greenhouse is strictly controlled after sowing, the temperature is 28-32 ℃ before emergence of seedlings, the temperature is controlled to be 25-30 ℃ in the daytime and 15-18 ℃ at night. When seedlings have two leaves and one heart, the nutrient is supplemented by the 'crop multi-protection' pure biological fermentation liquid with two thousandths of concentration, the moisture management in the seedling stage always keeps dry and wet, the requirement of the seedlings on the moisture is met, and watering and fertilizing are carried out according to the nutrient condition of the seedlings. And starting field planting when the five leaves and the one heart of the seedling are planted, and hardening the seedling one week before the field planting.
3 applying base fertilizer and soil preparation
3.1 soil preparation and fertilization
Thoroughly removing all green plants and sundries in the shed after harvesting the previous crops, and applying fully decomposed cow dung 10m per mu340kg of compound fertilizer (18:9:18), 50kg of soil conditioner for the Asia corpulenta, 30-40cm of deep ploughing soil, ridging in the north and south directions, 15-20cm high ridge, and covering with a two-color mulching film after ridging.
3.2 temperature raising and preserving technology
The facility types of the demonstration points are sunlight greenhouses, all ventilation openings of the greenhouses are closed in the daytime 2 weeks before field planting, the temperature is raised and maintained by means of uncovering the early cover heat preservation quilt at night, covering a double-color mulching film on the cultivation bed and the like, and field planting can be carried out when the soil temperature of 15cm reaches 25 ℃.
4 permanent planting
The demonstration point is that the planting time is 12 months and 10 days in 2018, double-row planting is carried out according to the average row spacing of 65cm and the plant spacing of 35cm, roots are dipped by using 0.3% concentration 'root station' compound microbial fertilizer during planting, the middle upper part of a seedling is held by hands during planting, the seedling lump of the seedling is covered by the planting depth to be the standard, planting water is thoroughly poured after planting, 1000 ml/mu of 'root station' compound microbial fertilizer is applied along with the water, and intertillage and soil loosening are carried out on a field operation way after seedling revival.
And (3) hanging 20 yellow plates and 20 blue plates in each mu of shed after field planting, wherein the hanging height is 15-20cm above the plant growth point, and the hanging heights of the yellow plates and the blue plates are adjusted along with the growth of the plants in the later period so as to be always 15-20cm above the plant growth point.
5 post-planting management
5.1 temperature management
The sunlight greenhouse is just in the season with weak illumination and short illumination time after early spring stubble cultivation and field planting, the temperature of the greenhouse needs to be increased after field planting, the seedling is favorable for reviving, the ventilation volume is reduced in the previous week after field planting, and the temperature is kept at 28-32 ℃ in the daytime and 15-20 ℃ at night. When a spike of flower blooms, the temperature is 20-25 ℃ in the daytime and about 15 ℃ at night; entering the second ear fruit expansion period at 25-28 deg.c in day and 10-15 deg.c in night.
5.2 Fertilizer and Water management
Before field planting, base fertilizer and additional fertilizer are managed according to unified standardization, water is properly controlled after field planting water is poured in the early stage, watering is not carried out before fruit setting of one cluster of fruits (about 60 days), clear water is poured for 1 time when the size of 1 st cluster of fruits and walnuts of the tomatoes is large, the watering amount is 4, and water, fertilizer and pesticide are supplied from 2 nd cluster of fruits. Applying water, fertilizer and medicine for 6 times in the whole growth period, wherein the total time includes 667m2The total topdressing amount is 25kg, the application amount is 3000ml, and the dosage of the compound microbial agent is 2000 ml. In the production, after watering, fertilizing and pesticide application are carried out each time, intertillage is carried out on a production operation path in the field, the humidity in the greenhouse is reduced, the ground temperature is improved, and environmental conditions which are not beneficial to generation of fungi and bacterial diseases are manufactured.
Two-thousandth concentration of 'plant multi-protection' foliar fertilizer is sprayed on the leaf surfaces in the early stage, the middle stage and the later stage of the growth of crops, and the foliar fertilizer is used for more than 4 times in the whole growth period, and the interval of each time is about 7 to 10 days.
5.3 plant Regulation
The tomato pruning technology is adopted, bumblebee pollination is applied in the whole growth period, 6 ears are left for each plant, when the plant grows to 30cm, a vine hanging clamp is used for fixing a hanging rope with the plant for hanging seedlings and tying vines, and in order to reduce nutrient consumption, after the 1 st inflorescence blooms, lateral branches are broken off successively. After the color of the fruits at the lower part of the plant is changed, old leaves, yellow leaves and diseased leaves at the lower part are picked off in time so as to ensure that the illumination is increased, the ventilation is enhanced, and the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests is reduced.
5.4 flower and fruit thinning
The fruit is thinned after the fruit is seated, 3-4 fruits with regular shape, uniform size and good growth are reserved for each ear, a lifting rope is connected with the ears by using an ear hook before the fruits are expanded, the ears are prevented from falling off, and after 6 ears of the plant are seated, 4 leaves are reserved for pinching and the 7 th ear of the plant is removed.
5.5 prevention and control of diseases and pests
The demonstration point in the whole growth period of the tomato combines biological control technology, physical control technology and weight-reducing and drug-reducing technical measures, and comprises methods of suspending yellow plates and blue plates in a shed after field planting, insect-proof net application technology, mulching film covering technology, intertillage technology, water control technology, air release technology, biological pesticide application technology and the like, when plants are infected with diseases, biological pesticides are used for replacing chemical pesticides, during the growth process of the tomato, the whole growth period shares pesticide for 6 times (2 times of water-containing fertilizer pesticide), 6% oligosaccharide-catenin wettable powder is used for preventing and treating virus diseases at the early growth stage, and 40% flusilazole, 47% Carrinone wettable powder and 50% Kaze suspending agent are used for preventing and treating ulcer, leaf mold, gray mold and early and late blight at the middle and later growth stages.
5.6 temperature-raising and heat-preserving management technology
The greenhouse temperature needs to be increased after the early spring stubble sunlight greenhouse tomatoes are planted, the temperature increasing and insulating technology applied in production mainly comprises a crystal PO film technology, a heat insulating quilt insulating technology, a cold-proof curtain cold-proof technology, a windproof curtain and a cotton door curtain windproof technology, an old straw curtain enclosure at the leeward opening outside the greenhouse and other technical measures, meanwhile, the temperature management is unified, the day and night temperature difference is reasonably regulated, the relation between the vegetative growth and the reproductive growth of the plants is controlled through fine regulation and control of the temperature, and the balanced growth of the plants is kept.
6 harvesting
The exemplary planting area is 14 mu, the harvest starts at 20 days after 3 months, and the complete harvest is finished at 10 days after 6 months. The harvesting period is 82 days. The highest acre yield is 18332kg after the end of picking, the acre benefit is 84076 yuan, the average acre yield is 13825kg, and the average acre benefit is 63424 yuan. Compared with the same period of the last year, the fertilizer is applied for 6 times per mu in the whole growth period, the total amount is more than 180kg, and the chemical pesticide is sprayed on the leaf surfaces for more than 16-20 times. The yield and the benefit are both improved by over 58 percent, the input of chemical fertilizers and chemical pesticides is saved by over 50 percent, and the comprehensive integration of safety, high yield and high quality is realized.
Claims (9)
1. A method for cultivating early spring stubble sunlight greenhouse tomatoes comprises the following steps:
1) variety selection: selecting seeds of No. 58 tomato of Jinguan;
2) culturing strong seedlings:
2.1) sowing: adopting a plug seedling, pouring enough bottom water before sowing, and manually sowing after the water completely permeates the matrix;
2.2) management of the seedling stage
Temperature management: controlling the temperature to be 28-32 ℃ before emergence of seedlings, controlling the temperature to be 25-30 ℃ in daytime and 15-18 ℃ at night after emergence of seedlings;
when seedlings have two leaves and one core, the nutrient is supplemented by the 'crop protection' pure biological fermentation liquor;
seedling stage water management: the dryness and the dampness are always kept;
starting field planting when five leaves and one heart of the seedling are planted, and hardening the seedling one week before the field planting;
3) applying base fertilizer and soil preparation
3.1) soil preparation and fertilization
Removing all impurities in the shed, applying decomposed cow dung, compound fertilizer and soil conditioner, deeply turning over the soil, ridging, making furrows and covering with a double-color mulching film;
3.2) heating and insulating the sunlight greenhouse 2 weeks before field planting;
4) planting
Dipping roots with the compound microbial fertilizer during planting, watering the planted roots thoroughly after planting, and flushing the compound microbial fertilizer with water;
5) managing after planting;
5.1) temperature management
Reducing ventilation in the first week after planting, maintaining the temperature at 28-32 ℃ in the daytime and 15-20 ℃ at night; when a spike of flower blooms, the temperature is 20-25 ℃ in the daytime and about 15 ℃ at night; entering a second cluster fruit expansion period, wherein the temperature is 25-28 ℃ in the daytime and is 10-15 ℃ at night;
5.2) management of Fertilizer and Water
Controlling water after the field planting water is poured, and not watering until one cluster of fruits is set;
watering the 1 st cluster of walnuts of the tomato for 1 time, wherein the watering amount is 4 in a formula, and supplying water, fertilizer and medicine from the 2 nd cluster of fruits;
applying water, fertilizer and medicine for 6 times in the whole growth period, including 667m225kg of total topdressing, 3000ml of application dosage and 2000ml of compound microbial agent dosage;
spraying a 'crop multi-protection' foliar fertilizer at the early stage, the middle stage and the later stage of crop growth by combining with foliar surfaces;
5.3) plant conditioning
5.4) thinning flowers and fruits
5.5) prevention and control of diseases and insect pests
5.6) temperature raising and keeping management
6) And (6) harvesting.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the step 2.1), the sowing time is in mid-october;
adopting a tray with 72 holes for seedling culture;
the manual sowing operation comprises the following steps: sowing 1 seed in each hole, covering vermiculite with the thickness of 0.5-1cm after sowing, and covering a layer of mulching film on the vermiculite;
in the step 2.2), the crop protection and conservation pure biological fermentation liquid is a crop protection and conservation pure biological fermentation liquid with a concentration of two thousandth.
3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: in the step 3.1), the compound fertilizer is 48% of grain rain compound fertilizer;
applying 10-15m of decomposed cow dung to each mu340kg of compound fertilizer and 50kg of soil conditioner;
deeply ploughing soil by 30-40 cm;
ridging is carried out in the north-south direction, and the ridge height is 15-20 cm.
4. The method according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein: in the step 3.2), the operation of temperature raising and heat preservation is as follows: closing all ventilation openings of the greenhouse in the daytime 2 weeks before field planting, uncovering early covers of the heat preservation quilt at night, covering double-color mulching films on the cultivation beds for temperature raising and heat preservation, and field planting when the soil temperature of 15cm reaches 25 ℃.
5. The method according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein: in the step 4), performing double-row field planting according to the average row spacing of 65cm and the plant spacing of 35 cm;
dipping the roots in a 'root station' compound microbial fertilizer with the mass concentration of 0.3 percent during planting,
during field planting, the middle upper part of a seedling is held by hands, the seedling lump of the seedling is covered to the standard of the field planting depth, field planting water is thoroughly poured after the field planting, 1000 ml/mu of 'root station' compound microbial fertilizer is applied along with the water, and intertillage and soil loosening are carried out on a field operation way after the seedling is revived;
and (3) hanging 20 yellow plates and 20 blue plates in each mu of shed after field planting, wherein the hanging height is 15-20cm above the plant growth point, and the hanging heights of the yellow plates and the blue plates are adjusted along with the growth of the plants in the later period so as to be always 15-20cm above the plant growth point.
6. The method according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein: in the step 5.2), the step of the method,
applying water, fertilizer and pesticide for 6 times in the whole growth period, namely, planting water for 1 time, watering clear water for 1 time when the first cluster walnut is large, applying water-soluble fertilizer for the Christmas tree (16:8:34)15 jin + 1.8% Xinjunan 1500ml when the first cluster walnut is big, applying water-soluble fertilizer for the Christmas tree (16:8:34)20 jin + 1000ml of composite microbial fertilizer for 'root station' when the second cluster walnut is big, applying water-soluble fertilizer for the Christmas tree (16:8:34)15 jin + 1.8% Xinjunan 1500ml when the third cluster walnut is big, and applying water-soluble fertilizer for the Christmas tree (16:8:34)15 jin + 1.8% Xinjunan 1500 ml;
two-thousandth concentration of 'plant multi-protection' foliar fertilizer is sprayed on the leaf surfaces in the early stage, the middle stage and the later stage of the growth of crops, and the foliar fertilizer is used for more than 4 times in the whole growth period, and the interval of each time is about 7 to 10 days.
7. The method according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein: the operation of the method 5.3) is as follows: adopting a single-vine pruning technology, applying drone pollination in the whole growth period, keeping 6 ears of fruits on each plant, fixing a lifting rope with the plant by using a vine hanging clamp when the plant grows to 30cm, hanging the seedlings and tying the vines, and continuously removing lateral branches after the 1 st inflorescence blooms; after the color of the fruit at the lower part of the plant is changed, the old leaves, yellow leaves and diseased leaves at the lower part are picked off.
8. The method according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein: the operation of the method 5.4) is as follows: thinning the fruits after the fruits are seated, keeping 3-4 fruits with regular shape, uniform size and good growth vigor per ear, connecting a lifting rope with the ears by using an ear hook before the fruits are expanded, and when 6 ears of the plants are seated, keeping 4 leaves for pinching and removing the inflorescence of the 7 th ear of the fruits.
9. The method according to any one of claims 1-8, wherein: 5.5) the operation is: biological control technology, physical control technology and weight and drug reduction technology are combined in the whole growth period of the tomatoes, and the method comprises the steps of suspending yellow plates and blue plates in a shed after field planting, applying insect nets, mulching film covering technology, intertillage technology, water control technology, air release technology and biopesticide application technology;
when plants are infected with diseases, biological pesticides are used for replacing chemical pesticides, during the growth process of tomatoes, the pesticides are used for 6 times in the whole growth period, 6% oligosaccharide-catenin wettable powder is used for preventing and treating virus diseases in the early growth period, and 40% flusilazole, 47% Carrinone wettable powder and 50% Kaze suspending agent are used for preventing and treating ulcer, leaf mold, gray mold and early and late blight in the middle and later growth periods.
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