CN112640721A - Method for planting wild peaches in anti-season winter-warming greenhouse - Google Patents
Method for planting wild peaches in anti-season winter-warming greenhouse Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN112640721A CN112640721A CN202110016648.8A CN202110016648A CN112640721A CN 112640721 A CN112640721 A CN 112640721A CN 202110016648 A CN202110016648 A CN 202110016648A CN 112640721 A CN112640721 A CN 112640721A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- greenhouse
- branches
- temperature
- peaches
- shed
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 241001631271 Prunus fasciculata Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 235000006040 Prunus persica var persica Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 244000144730 Amygdalus persica Species 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 240000005809 Prunus persica Species 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- RMOGWMIKYWRTKW-UONOGXRCSA-N (S,S)-paclobutrazol Chemical compound C([C@@H]([C@@H](O)C(C)(C)C)N1N=CN=C1)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 RMOGWMIKYWRTKW-UONOGXRCSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000005985 Paclobutrazol Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000005059 dormancy Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000256837 Apidae Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003899 bactericide agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002917 insecticide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims description 4
- WZLMXYBCAZZIRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[P].[K] Chemical compound [N].[P].[K] WZLMXYBCAZZIRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000256844 Apis mellifera Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000010138 bee pollination Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 208000006011 Stroke Diseases 0.000 description 6
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000257303 Hymenoptera Species 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010009 beating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241001124076 Aphididae Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010008190 Cerebrovascular accident Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000488583 Panonychus ulmi Species 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005089 fruit drop Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004209 hair Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000010198 maturation time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000010152 pollination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000005070 ripening Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/14—Greenhouses
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a planting method of wild peaches in an anti-season winter-warming greenhouse, which aims to achieve the purposes of bringing wild peaches to the market in advance, having better taste and improving yield; the method comprises the following steps: carrying young trees; building a greenhouse; accumulating temperature; growing; flowering period; growing fruits and picking the fruits; in the Shandong province, peach trees are planted by the method, can be listed in the solar calendar about 4 months, wild peaches are planted in the open field and can be listed in the solar calendar about 6 months, the wild peaches can be listed in two months in advance, the fruits are full, and the taste is almost the same as that of the wild peaches cultivated in the open field; in the method, the temperature control and the environmental control are matched with the healthy growth under the natural condition during the growth.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of peach tree planting, and particularly belongs to a method for planting wild peaches in an out-of-season winter-warming greenhouse for improving the mouthfeel of the wild peaches.
Background
Peach is a popular fruit for people in China, and has the alias of Xianguo, birthday peach and longevity fruit. The peach is not reasonable to be associated with the longevity, is rich in nutrition and contains protein, fat, saccharides, cellulose, various vitamins and mineral substances such as calcium, phosphorus, iron and the like.
The flowering season of the peaches is 3-4 months, the peaches can be ripe after 3-6 months, the ripe peaches are divided into early-ripe, middle-ripe and late-ripe varieties according to the difference of the ripe time from summer to autumn. The premature peaches are ripe earlier than others in about 6 months; the ripening time of the middle-ripe peach is about 7-8 months; the late-maturing peaches need to mature until autumn, the time is about 9-11 months generally, and the specific maturation time is slightly different according to different varieties and the climate of each place.
In the prior art, peach trees are planted in a greenhouse, so that peaches can come into the market in advance by 1-2 months. However, the peach that is put on the market in advance is different from the ground normal ripe peach in various evaluation indexes related to the sweetness, the fineness of the meat quality, the juiciness and the like due to the planting technical problem. Therefore, how to make the taste of the peach on the market in advance similar to or even better than that of the peach on the ground is always the research direction of researchers in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a planting method of wild peaches in an out-of-season winter-warming greenhouse, which aims to achieve the purposes of bringing the wild peaches to the market in advance, having better taste and improving the yield.
The method for planting the wild peaches in the anti-season winter-warming greenhouse is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1: carrying out young tree carrying: planting the young trees in spring, loading two or more varieties of young trees, and selecting the varieties with early maturity and consistent flowering period; and applying nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer when the plant grows for 3-4 months; pruning the young trees when the young leaves fall behind in autumn; merging into a shed;
step 2: building a greenhouse: in the structure of the shed, the shed roof is inclined and is divided into a high side supporting wall and a low side supporting wall; the high side supporting wall is in an inverted L shape; high; the ceiling surface is also provided with top wind, middle wind and bottom wind, and the lower part of the high-side supporting wall is provided with an air inlet machine; a lighting lamp and a heating lamp are arranged in the shed, and a plastic film is covered on the lighting lamp and the heating lamp; an air circulation well is arranged on the outer side of the high-side supporting wall;
and step 3: temperature accumulation: covering the plastic film with the heat preservation quilt in the daytime, shading the interior of the greenhouse, and lifting the heat preservation quilt at night; maintaining the temperature in the greenhouse below 7 ℃, wherein the dormancy period is a young tree dormancy period and is more than 1200 hours;
and 4, step 4: growing: after the dormancy period, replacing the plastic film on the shed roof with a greenhouse film, no longer covering a heat preservation quilt, and spraying insecticide and bactericide to clean the shed; after the greenhouse is cleaned, loosening the soil, covering a mulching film, and increasing the ground temperature;
naturally heating the ground temperature to 12 ℃, naturally heating to 25 ℃, and controlling the heating speed to be 3-5 ℃ per day; and keeping the temperature at 20-25 ℃; spraying foliar fertilizer once every 12-15 days after germination until flowering period; spraying pesticide according to the insect pest condition of the peach trees;
the peach tree needs 7-8 hours of sunlight every day, and the time is calculated by combining the sunlight in the daytime and the lighting lamp at night; and controlling the temperature in the shed by wind; the growth of the new branches is controlled by paclobutrazol when the new branches grow to 10 cm;
and 5: and (3) flowering period: before blooming, applying organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer as auxiliary fertilizer; bee pollination after buds appear and bloom initially; reducing the temperature to 13-17 ℃ and the air humidity to 30% -40%, and maintaining the temperature until the full-bloom stage; cooling to 8-12 deg.C after full-bloom period for 10-15 days; the cooling speed is 0.5-1.5 ℃ per day; to prolong the full-bloom period; after the full bloom period is finished, taking out the beehive;
step 6: and (3) fruit growth: gradually heating to 25 deg.C after fruit setting, heating to 1-2 deg.C every day, and maintaining the temperature; normally threshing and spraying fertilizer and pesticide on the surface; cutting off the branches and leaves of the picked sunlight in the mature period of the fruits; heating, and maintaining the temperature in the shed at 25-28 ℃; thinning fruits after the second-stage fruit dropping; after the branches grow to 10-15cm, controlling the growth by paclobutrazol; picking the ripe wild peaches;
and 7: after all the picking is finished, tearing off the mulching film, applying fertilizer, opening all the air ports, and ventilating the shed; and the shed is cleaned before the next mulching film covering.
Preferably, in the step 1, when the saplings are trimmed, branches of the saplings are sparse in the south direction and low in position, and branches of the saplings are dense in the north direction and high in position; removing branches on the back, removing branches under the back, and leaving flat and oblique branches, wherein the pruning length is 18-22 centimeters.
Preferably, the fertilization mode is as follows: digging pits among the saplings, mixing the fertilizer with soil, stirring uniformly and backfilling.
Preferably, the top wind in the step 2 is an exhaust fan.
Preferably, the air inlet fan is installed in the shed in an inclined and upward mode, and the size of the air circulation well is as follows: the length is 2m, the width is 1.5m, the depth of the lime mud entering underground is 1.5m, the lime mud is laid by bricks from the ground to the top for 1m, the top is sealed by a lime slab, and a soil layer is covered on the lime slab; the east side wall and the north side wall of the air circulation well are provided with ventilation openings; when the air inlet machine and the air circulation well are used, the air inlet machine is connected with a ventilation pipe which extends to the bottom in the air circulation well.
Preferably, after the temperature accumulation time is over, the beehive is put in with the opening of the beehive facing east, and in case of wind stroke, the gauze covers the middle air opening, and the bees are fed before the flowering period during the time the bees are in the shed.
Preferably, in snowing weather, the heat preservation quilt is lifted, the heating lamp is turned on, the interior of the shed is heated, snow is melted, and snow accumulation is prevented.
Preferably, after the peach is completely picked, in the management of the peach tree, branches influencing the growth of the peach tree are removed in summer, and when the branches grow to 30cm, pinching is carried out to branch; paclobutrazol is used in 8 months, the growth is controlled, and the spraying interval is once every 8 to 12 days.
Preferably, after leaves fall in autumn after the peaches are picked, pruning the tree shape to be a natural open-heart shape in winter, wherein the angle of a tree leader is 60-70 degrees, removing oblique and flat branches on the back, removing excessively low and fine branches on the back, and cutting the length of the branches to be 15-20 cm; applying base fertilizer, digging a pit which is about 60cm away from the trunk, digging 80cm long, 40cm wide and 50cm deep, taking farmyard manure as a main material and compound fertilizer as an auxiliary material, mixing soil, uniformly stirring, backfilling and pouring large water when applying the fertilizer; and starting to calculate the accumulated temperature time after the temperature in the greenhouse reaches below 7 ℃.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
in the Shandong province, peach trees are planted by the method, can be listed in the solar calendar about 4 months, wild peaches are planted in the open field and can be listed in the solar calendar about 6 months, the wild peaches can be listed in two months in advance, the fruits are full, and the taste is almost the same as that of the wild peaches cultivated in the open field; in the method, the temperature control and the environmental control are matched with the healthy growth under the natural condition during the growth. Taking the planting method of the invention to plant four varieties of Juanquan, spring snow, Chunrui and yellow peach as an example, the yield per mu in the second year is about 1000 jin, the yield per mu in the third year can be about 3000 jin after the natural growth of the tree, the weight of big fruits reaches 7-8 and the weight of middle fruits reaches 4-5 after thinning fruits, and the situation is the same as the situation of cultivating fruits in open field.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further explained by the following embodiments.
Example 1
The method for planting the wild peaches in the anti-season winter-warming greenhouse is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1: carrying out young tree carrying: the saplings are planted in spring, a shed can be built on the planting land, sheds can be built at other addresses, and when the sheds are built at other addresses, the land needs to be ploughed before the land is not frozen;
carrying two or more varieties of saplings, and selecting varieties with early maturity and consistent flowering period to achieve the purposes of mutual pollination and fruit setting quality guarantee;
when the peach trees are planted in spring, the ridging height is 40cm, so that the influence on the growth of the peach trees caused by flooding in rainy days is prevented; and in about 6 months, applying a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer in the following fertilization modes: digging pits with the length of 60cm, the width of 30cm and the depth of 30cm between rows of the saplings, and uniformly mixing and backfilling fertilizers with soil;
when a shed is built on a planting land and sheds are built at other addresses and transplanted, young trees need to be pruned after young leaves fall behind in autumn;
step 2: building a greenhouse: in the structure of the shed, the shed roof is inclined and is divided into a high side supporting wall and a low side supporting wall; the high side supporting wall is in an inverted L shape; the height of the high side supporting wall can be 4m, and the height of the low side supporting wall is 1.5 m; wind stroke and bottom wind are also left on the shed surface, the width of the wind stroke is 1m, and the width of the bottom wind is 1.5 m; water drops in the shed cannot vertically fall down, and the water drops drip on flowers, so that the quality of the flowers is influenced; the water drops drop on the wild peaches, which affects the quality and growth of the wild peaches and prevents bad fruits. The peach hairs on the surface of the wild peaches can hang water drops, and the growth of the wild peaches is seriously influenced;
in the high-side supporting wall, the top is provided with a top wind or an exhaust fan, and the width of the top wind is 1 m; the lower part is provided with an air inlet machine; and the top air or the exhaust fan and the air inlet fan can not be on the same line, so that the air convection is prevented, and the taste of the wild peaches is prevented from being influenced.
In order to avoid over-low weather temperature or insufficient illumination time, a daylighting lamp and a heating lamp are installed in the shed, and a plastic film is covered on the daylighting lamp and the heating lamp; an air circulation well is arranged on the outer side of the high-side supporting wall; the distance between the air inlet machine and the air circulation well is 3 m;
the air inlet machine is installed upwards towards the canopy for the slope, air cycle well size: the length of the air circulation well is 2m, the width of the air circulation well is 1.5m, the depth of the air circulation well penetrating into the ground is 1.5m, the air circulation well is built by bricks from the ground to the top, the top of the air circulation well is sealed by a lime slab, and a soil layer is covered on the lime slab for 60cm, so that the temperature in the air circulation well is prevented from rising too fast when the sun is strong; the east side wall and the north side wall of the air circulation well are provided with ventilation openings; the phase difference between the temperature in the air circulation well and the external temperature is 5-7 ℃; when the temperature is higher, the air inlet fan or the air inlet fan and the exhaust fan arranged at the top can be started to cool the interior of the shed; when the air inlet machine and the air circulation well are used, the air inlet machine is connected with a ventilation pipe and extends to the bottom in the air circulation well;
and step 3: temperature accumulation: in the south direction, branches are sparse and low in position, and branches in the north direction are dense and high in position when young trees are planted; removing branches on the back, removing branches under the back, and leaving flat and oblique branches with the pruning length of 18-22 centimeters;
during field planting, the plant spacing is 2 meters, base fertilizer is not paved, and the row spacing is 3 meters; the height of the fixed dry is 60-70cm, the opening angle of the branch is 60-70 degrees, and watering is carried out in time after planting; covering the plastic film with the heat preservation quilt in the daytime, shading the interior of the greenhouse, and lifting the heat preservation quilt at night; maintaining the temperature in the greenhouse below 7 ℃, wherein the dormancy period is a young tree dormancy period and is more than 1200 hours; if the temperature is higher than 7 ℃, the corresponding time needs to be reduced, then the calculation is carried out, the requirement of 1200 hours is met, and after the temperature is higher than 7 ℃, the bottom wind and the wind stroke are lifted for cooling;
and 4, step 4: growing: after the dormancy period, replacing the plastic film on the shed roof with a greenhouse film, no longer covering a heat preservation quilt, and spraying insecticide and bactericide to clean the shed; when spraying the pesticide, the pesticide is mainly sprayed on the ground and trees, and the pesticide is forbidden to be sprayed on the greenhouse film, so that the illumination is influenced;
after the shed is cleaned, loosening the soil, covering with a mulching film, raising the ground temperature, lifting the heat preservation quilt after the sun comes out in the daytime, and covering the heat preservation quilt before the sun falls; in cloudy days, when the temperature is slightly high in the noon, the heat preservation cover is opened, the heat preservation cover is covered before the temperature is reduced in the afternoon, and the heating lamp and the light supplement lamp are used for heating the interior of the shed and increasing the illumination time in the evening; in rainy and snowy days, the heat preservation quilt is lifted in the daytime, and in snowy days, the heating lamp is turned on to melt snow;
naturally heating the ground temperature to 12 ℃, naturally heating to 25 ℃, and controlling the heating speed to be 3-5 ℃ per day; and keeping the temperature at 20-25 ℃;
the germination is finished in 13-18 days; spraying foliar fertilizer once every 12-15 days after germination until flowering period; spraying pesticide according to the insect pest condition of the peach trees; the main insect pests are aphids, red spiders and pod borers; mainly comprises insecticide and bactericide;
the peach tree needs 7-8 hours of sunlight every day, and the time is calculated by combining the sunlight in the daytime and the lighting lamp at night; and controlling the temperature in the shed by wind; controlling the growth of the new branches when the new branches grow to 10 centimeters, beating paclobutrazol once every week, and beating twice in total;
and 5: and (3) flowering period: before blooming, applying organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer as auxiliary fertilizer; digging a pit and fertilizing at a distance of 80-100cm from the young tree trunk; the size of the dug pit is 50cm wide, 100cm long and 40cm deep; uniformly stirring the fertilizer and the soil in the pit, and backfilling;
after buds appear and the initial bloom is started, honeybees pollinate, the honeybees can be placed in a honeybee beehive after the temperature accumulation time is over, the mouth of the beehive faces the east, in the case of apoplexy, the gauze screen covers the middle air port, and the honeybees are fed before the blooming period within the period that the honeybees are in the shed; reducing the temperature to 13-17 ℃ and the air humidity to 30% -40%, and maintaining the temperature until the full-bloom stage; cooling to 8-12 deg.C after full-bloom period for 10-15 days; the cooling speed is 0.5-1.5 ℃ per day; to prolong the full-bloom period; after the full bloom period is finished, taking out the beehive;
step 6: and (3) fruit growth: gradually heating to 25 deg.C after fruit setting, heating to 1-2 deg.C every day, and maintaining the temperature; spraying fertilizer and pesticide on the leaf surface to achieve the nutritional condition required by the peach tree, keeping the normal development and growth of the leaves, spraying the fertilizer once every 15 days, and supplementing calcium fertilizer for increasing the hardness of fruits; cutting off the branches and leaves of the picked sunlight in the mature period of the fruits; heating, and maintaining the temperature in the shed at 25-28 ℃; thinning fruits after fruit drop in the second stage, and removing over-dense fruits and malformed fruits; after the branches grow to 10-15cm, the growth is controlled, paclobutrazol is adopted, the growth and flower bud differentiation of peaches are guaranteed, a foundation is laid for the output of peaches in the next year, the temperature in the shed is strictly controlled, when the temperature is too high, the wind stroke, the top wind and the air inlet machine are all used, and when the temperature cannot meet the requirement, the heat preservation is carried out, and the sun shading is carried out for use; but the heat preservation quilt can not be shaded for too long, and the time per day is not more than 4 hours; picking the ripe wild peaches;
and 7: after all the plastic films are picked, tearing off the plastic films, applying fertilizers, mainly nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizers, adopting a pit digging and fertilizing mode, watering after applying the fertilizers, completely opening all air ports, and ventilating the greenhouse; and the shed is cleaned before the next mulching film covering; the greenhouse cleaning operation is spraying insecticide and bactericide.
In the subsequent management of peach trees, branches influencing the growth of the peach trees are removed in 5 months, and when the branches grow to 30cm, pinching is carried out to branch; controlling growth in 8 months, spraying paclobutrazol, and taking the growth every 8-12 days;
after leaves fall, pruning the tree form into a natural open-heart type in winter, wherein the angle of a leader branch of the tree is 60-70 degrees, removing a back upper branch to leave an oblique branch and a flat branch, removing a back lower excessively low branch and a fine branch, and the cutting length of the branch is 15-20 cm; applying base fertilizer, digging a pit which is about 60cm away from the trunk, digging 80cm long, 40cm wide and 50cm deep, taking farmyard manure as a main material and compound fertilizer as an auxiliary material, mixing soil, uniformly stirring, backfilling and pouring large water when applying the fertilizer; and starting to calculate the accumulated temperature time after the temperature in the greenhouse reaches below 7 ℃.
The wild peaches are in the full bloom stage or the early fruit setting stage, about before and after the spring festival, and in the places in the province of Shandong province, snow may fall; in snowing weather, the heat preservation quilt is lifted, the heating lamp and the lighting lamp are turned on, the interior of the shed is heated, snow is melted, and snow accumulation is prevented.
Claims (9)
1. The method for planting the wild peaches in the anti-season winter-warming greenhouse is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1: carrying out young tree carrying: planting the young trees in spring, loading two or more varieties of young trees, and selecting the varieties with early maturity and consistent flowering period; and applying nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer when the plant grows for 3-4 months; pruning the young trees when the young leaves fall behind in autumn; merging into a shed;
step 2: building a greenhouse: in the structure of the shed, the shed roof is inclined and is divided into a high side supporting wall and a low side supporting wall; the high side supporting wall is in an inverted L shape; high; the ceiling surface is also provided with top wind, middle wind and bottom wind, and the lower part of the high-side supporting wall is provided with an air inlet machine; a lighting lamp and a heating lamp are arranged in the shed, and a plastic film is covered on the lighting lamp and the heating lamp; an air circulation well is arranged on the outer side of the high-side supporting wall;
and step 3: temperature accumulation: covering the plastic film with the heat preservation quilt in the daytime, shading the interior of the greenhouse, and lifting the heat preservation quilt at night; maintaining the temperature in the greenhouse below 7 ℃, wherein the dormancy period is a young tree dormancy period and is more than 1200 hours;
and 4, step 4: growing: after the dormancy period, replacing the plastic film on the shed roof with a greenhouse film, no longer covering a heat preservation quilt, and spraying insecticide and bactericide to clean the shed; after the greenhouse is cleaned, loosening the soil, covering a mulching film, and increasing the ground temperature;
naturally heating the ground temperature to 12 ℃, naturally heating to 25 ℃, and controlling the heating speed to be 3-5 ℃ per day; and keeping the temperature at 20-25 ℃; spraying foliar fertilizer once every 12-15 days after germination until flowering period; spraying pesticide according to the insect pest condition of the peach trees;
the peach tree needs 7-8 hours of sunlight every day, and the time is calculated by combining the sunlight in the daytime and the lighting lamp at night; and controlling the temperature in the shed by wind; the growth of the new branches is controlled by paclobutrazol when the new branches grow to 10 cm;
and 5: and (3) flowering period: before blooming, applying organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer as auxiliary fertilizer; bee pollination after buds appear and bloom initially; reducing the temperature to 13-17 ℃ and the air humidity to 30% -40%, and maintaining the temperature until the full-bloom stage; cooling to 8-12 deg.C after full-bloom period for 10-15 days; the cooling speed is 0.5-1.5 ℃ per day; to prolong the full-bloom period; after the full bloom period is finished, taking out the beehive;
step 6: and (3) fruit growth: gradually heating to 25 deg.C after fruit setting, heating to 1-2 deg.C every day, and maintaining the temperature; normally threshing and spraying fertilizer and pesticide on the surface; cutting off the branches and leaves of the picked sunlight in the mature period of the fruits; heating, and maintaining the temperature in the shed at 25-28 ℃; thinning fruits after the second-stage fruit dropping; after the branches grow to 10-15cm, controlling the growth by paclobutrazol; picking the ripe wild peaches;
and 7: after all the picking is finished, tearing off the mulching film, applying fertilizer, opening all the air ports, and ventilating the shed; and the shed is cleaned before the next mulching film covering.
2. The method for planting wild peaches in an out-of-season winter-warming greenhouse as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 1, when the young trees are pruned, the young trees are planted with sparse branches in the south direction, low branches and dense branches in the north direction, and high branches; removing branches on the back, removing branches under the back, and leaving flat and oblique branches, wherein the pruning length is 18-22 centimeters.
3. The method for planting wild peaches in the out-of-season winter heating type greenhouse of claim 1, wherein the fertilizing method comprises the following steps: digging pits among the saplings, mixing the fertilizer with soil, stirring uniformly and backfilling.
4. The method for planting wild peaches in an off-season winter heating type greenhouse of claim 1, wherein the top wind in the step 2 is an exhaust fan.
5. The method for planting wild peaches in an off-season winter heating type greenhouse of claim 1, wherein the air inlet fan is installed in an inclined and upward direction toward the interior of the greenhouse, and the size of the air circulation well is as follows: the length is 2m, the width is 1.5m, the depth of the lime mud entering underground is 1.5m, the lime mud is laid by bricks from the ground to the top for 1m, the top is sealed by a lime slab, and a soil layer is covered on the lime slab; the east side wall and the north side wall of the air circulation well are provided with ventilation openings; when the air inlet machine and the air circulation well are used, the air inlet machine is connected with a ventilation pipe which extends to the bottom in the air circulation well.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the honeybee hive is placed after the warm-keeping time is over, and the opening of the hive is oriented towards the east, and in case of wind stroke, the air inlet is covered with a gauze, and the honeybees are fed before the flowering time during the time the honeybees are in the shed.
7. The method for planting wild peaches in an out-of-season winter warm type greenhouse of claim 1, wherein the heat preservation is lifted and the warming lamp is turned on to warm the interior of the greenhouse to melt snow and prevent snow accumulation in snowy weather.
8. The method for planting wild peaches in an out-of-season winter warm type greenhouse of claim 1, wherein after picking of peaches is completed, branches affecting the growth of peaches are removed in summer in the management of the peaches thereafter, and when the branches grow to 30cm, pinching is performed to branch; paclobutrazol is used in 8 months, the growth is controlled, and the spraying interval is once every 8 to 12 days.
9. The method for planting wild peaches in an out-of-season winter warm type greenhouse of claim 1, wherein after the peaches are picked and fallen in autumn, the tree form is trimmed to a natural open-heart shape in winter, the angle of the leading branch of the tree is 60-70 degrees, the upper back branch is removed to leave the oblique and flat branches, the lower back branch is too low and the fine branches are removed, and the cutting length of the branches is 15-20 cm; applying base fertilizer, digging a pit which is about 60cm away from the trunk, digging 80cm long, 40cm wide and 50cm deep, taking farmyard manure as a main material and compound fertilizer as an auxiliary material, mixing soil, uniformly stirring, backfilling and pouring large water when applying the fertilizer; and starting to calculate the accumulated temperature time after the temperature in the greenhouse reaches below 7 ℃.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110016648.8A CN112640721A (en) | 2021-01-07 | 2021-01-07 | Method for planting wild peaches in anti-season winter-warming greenhouse |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110016648.8A CN112640721A (en) | 2021-01-07 | 2021-01-07 | Method for planting wild peaches in anti-season winter-warming greenhouse |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN112640721A true CN112640721A (en) | 2021-04-13 |
Family
ID=75367899
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110016648.8A Pending CN112640721A (en) | 2021-01-07 | 2021-01-07 | Method for planting wild peaches in anti-season winter-warming greenhouse |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN112640721A (en) |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003265051A (en) * | 2002-03-15 | 2003-09-24 | Mitsui Chemicals Inc | Method for cultivating fruit and method for preventing fruit anthracnose outbreak |
| CN1631095A (en) * | 2005-01-06 | 2005-06-29 | 裴学魁 | Season-opposite culture method of peach |
| DE202011109625U1 (en) * | 2011-12-28 | 2012-02-06 | Xiaoling Shen | Free greenhouse |
| CN104255374A (en) * | 2014-09-17 | 2015-01-07 | 昆明金沃土生态种植有限公司 | Semi-opening greenhouse cultivation technology for peach tree in low-latitude plateau area |
| CN108293861A (en) * | 2017-09-27 | 2018-07-20 | 北京市农业技术推广站 | A kind of spring greenhouse small watermelon mixed-matrix soilless culture method |
| CN208972150U (en) * | 2018-09-14 | 2019-06-14 | 山东长兴农业发展有限公司 | A kind of greenhouse cooling device |
-
2021
- 2021-01-07 CN CN202110016648.8A patent/CN112640721A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003265051A (en) * | 2002-03-15 | 2003-09-24 | Mitsui Chemicals Inc | Method for cultivating fruit and method for preventing fruit anthracnose outbreak |
| CN1631095A (en) * | 2005-01-06 | 2005-06-29 | 裴学魁 | Season-opposite culture method of peach |
| DE202011109625U1 (en) * | 2011-12-28 | 2012-02-06 | Xiaoling Shen | Free greenhouse |
| CN104255374A (en) * | 2014-09-17 | 2015-01-07 | 昆明金沃土生态种植有限公司 | Semi-opening greenhouse cultivation technology for peach tree in low-latitude plateau area |
| CN108293861A (en) * | 2017-09-27 | 2018-07-20 | 北京市农业技术推广站 | A kind of spring greenhouse small watermelon mixed-matrix soilless culture method |
| CN208972150U (en) * | 2018-09-14 | 2019-06-14 | 山东长兴农业发展有限公司 | A kind of greenhouse cooling device |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
| Title |
|---|
| 吴强: "节能日光温室桃优质高效栽培技术", 《青海农技推广》 * |
| 田红莲: "《设施果树生产技术》", 30 June 2014, 石家庄：河北科学技术出版社 * |
| 路超等: ""超红"桃日光温室优质高效配套栽培技术", 《农业科学研究》 * |
| 马菁菁等: "西北半干旱区桃树日光温室栽培关键技术", 《果树实用技术与信息》 * |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN106797784B (en) | Cultivation method for inducing anti-season flowering of pitaya | |
| CN104920134B (en) | Management method for planting adult sweet cherry trees at warm regions in south of China | |
| CN101816274A (en) | Quick gardening forcing culture technology for summer culture green seedling of grape | |
| CN104584976A (en) | Grape planting method | |
| CN100556276C (en) | Imitated wild breeding Ning hogfennel root and normalized planting method | |
| CN103039248A (en) | Novel greenhouse strawberry culturing and planting method | |
| CN109258293B (en) | High-yield cultivation method for morchella | |
| CN101707964A (en) | Tunnel half-shading green branch cottage and propagation method of large reed-leaf cherries and Teng county red cherries | |
| CN103477835A (en) | Lotus root and strawberry water-upland rotation planting method | |
| CN109526522B (en) | Efficient nectarine cultivation method adopting intelligent facilities | |
| CN113080042B (en) | Annual efficient production method and annual efficient production device for strawberries in cold areas | |
| CN104025830A (en) | Greenhouse cherry cultivation method | |
| CN112021060A (en) | Cultivation method of cut flower Chinese rose | |
| CN116671411A (en) | Method for breeding caraway plants to bloom | |
| CN103081767A (en) | Protected cultivation method for cherries | |
| CN107114194A (en) | A kind of method of leaf matrimony vine facility whole year production | |
| CN105594413B (en) | The method of Dutch tulip layering plantation | |
| CN107125083A (en) | A kind of cultural method of irrigation areas facility peach | |
| CN105900654A (en) | Purple Chinese yam planting method suitable for Hunan area | |
| CN110169349A (en) | A kind of off-season cultivation method of jujube tree | |
| CN113229065B (en) | Method for planting stropharia rugoso-annulata under chayote shelf in high-altitude areas of Guizhou in summer for fruiting | |
| CN105145260B (en) | A kind of heliogreenhouse persistently harvests the cultural method of Chinese toon | |
| CN112640721A (en) | Method for planting wild peaches in anti-season winter-warming greenhouse | |
| CN113228992A (en) | Refrigerating shed for promoting strawberry flower bud differentiation and method for promoting strawberry flower bud differentiation | |
| CN113207457A (en) | Salt-tolerant hibiscus syriacus cultivation method |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Application publication date: 20210413 |
|
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |