CN116671411A - Method for breeding caraway plants to bloom - Google Patents
Method for breeding caraway plants to bloom Download PDFInfo
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- CN116671411A CN116671411A CN202310890152.2A CN202310890152A CN116671411A CN 116671411 A CN116671411 A CN 116671411A CN 202310890152 A CN202310890152 A CN 202310890152A CN 116671411 A CN116671411 A CN 116671411A
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/60—Flowers; Ornamental plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
Abstract
The invention provides a method for breeding caraway plants to bloom, the caraway plants are taken as important wild flower resources, most of the caraway plants are large in flower types and bright in color, have extremely high ornamental value, have great development potential in the field of gardening, also comprise partial rare endangered species and species with medicinal economic value, and have higher values in the aspects of scientific research, species protection, resource development and utilization and the like. The invention effectively expounds the key technology in the process of breeding to flowering by seed collection and collection, sowing, seedling transplanting maintenance, overwintering management, seedling maintenance and flowering management, and has important value for protecting and expanding wild population, developing flower industry, improving new technology, matched new variety, new production data product and high-quality technical service capability. The method has the advantages of wide application and simple operation, is pioneered in China, and effectively fills the technical blank.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of botanic, and particularly relates to a method for breeding caraway plants to bloom.
Background
Herb of Horn ArtemisiaIncarvillea) Is a plant of Bignoniaceae, belongs to about 15 species, is mainly perennial herb, and is distributed about 10 species in the north of Yunnan. The flowering period starts from 5 months and 6 months alternating between spring and summer, and can last to the end of summer and the fruit period is 10-11 months. The distribution habitat is mainly a meadow of high mountain, sub-high mountain, forest edge, plain zone or stone seam (altitude 500m-4000 m) at the lower edge of mountain and rocky beach. Wherein, the hair at the two ends is widely spread in the valley area of Sanjiang and He (Jinshajiang, lan cangjiang and anger river), and the Artemisia carob is widely spread nationwide.
The plants of the genus Artemisia have bright color and pink color (both hairs)Incarvillea arguta) Fresh red (big flower chicken ginseng)Incarvillea maireivar.grandifloraAll-grass of Red PorroIncarvillea delavayiArtemisia selengensis (L.) AoshimaIncarvillea sinensis) Purple red (Zhongdian Artemisia japonica)Incarvillea zhongdianensis) Yellow (yellow Porro flower)Incarvillea lutea) Isochromatic and high ornamental value. And yellow and red corolla flowers are also listed in the world natural protection alliance red directory (IUCN), and the protection grades are Endangered (EN) and easily endangered (VU) respectively. In addition, the inner red and yellow Porro flowers and Tibetan Porro flowers of this genusIncarvillea younghusbandii) Flos Potentillae AnserinaeIncarvillea compacta) The ginseng and the like can be used as medicines, has the effects of nourishing and strengthening, and can treat postpartum hypogalactia, weakness due to long-term illness, dizziness, anemia and the like; the hair of both ends can be used for treating traumatic injury, rheumatalgia, menoxenia, etc., and its root can also be used for treating diarrhea. The caraway not only has important medical value, but also has ornamental value.
The caraway plant has great ornamental value and great development potential for fresh cut flowers because of the large and bright color of most of the varieties of flowers and long flowering period, has great development potential in the gardening field and the cut flower industry, and has been applied to gardens of some European countries. However, since the gardening science of China starts later, the flower production is still in the primary stage, and the matched flower production technology is far behind the developed world, the requirements on new technology, matched new varieties, new production data products and high-quality technical services are great, and the modern scientific technology is required to provide powerful technical support.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems in the background art, the invention provides a method for breeding caraway plants to bloom.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method of propagating caraway plants to flowering, said method comprising the steps of: (1) seed collection and storage: collecting healthy mature pods of caraway plants without worm damage in the fruit period, placing the pods at a drying position without direct sunlight indoors for cracking, taking out seeds and placing the seeds in a drying cabinet with the average air humidity of 15 percent at the temperature of 5 ℃ for preservation;
(2) Sowing: in early spring of the current year, humus soil is adopted and is filled in a seed germination basket for standby, seeds are evenly laid in the seed germination basket, humus soil is covered on the surface, water is sprayed until surface matrixes are fully attached to seeds, the seeds are placed in an environment with the air temperature of 18+/-2 ℃, a transparent plastic film is covered to keep the surface and upper matrixes moist, seed germination is carried out until cotyledons of seedlings extend to 1-1.5cm, and humus soil is covered for moisture preservation; transplanting when the true leaves of the seedlings grow out and the height is 5 cm;
(3) And (5) transplanting and curing seedlings: transplanting seedlings into a degradable nutrition pot, wherein the bottom of the nutrition pot is a mixture of humus soil and gravel, filling the nutrition pot with the humus soil, selecting a smooth seedbed or nursery land, and burying the nutrition pot into soil; laying a shading net with shading rate of 30%, wherein the height of the shading net from the ground is 100cm, and hardening seedlings in a region with the temperature of 8-25 ℃; meanwhile, sprinkling water to the layout area for moisture preservation, and keeping the water content of the soil volume in the planting depth area to be not lower than 50%;
(4) And (5) seedling overwintering management: after the temperature is reduced in winter, adopting greenhouse transplanting maintenance and auxiliary heating measures, keeping the air temperature in a planting area to be not lower than 10 ℃, preventing seedlings from falling and keeping the seedlings to continuously grow, and covering the soil surface with withered fallen leaves for heat preservation;
(5) And (5) seedling curing: in spring of the next year, removing the shading net and assisting in warming to manage and maintain the open field until flowering; the outdoor air temperature should not be higher than 25 ℃ during maintenance, meanwhile, water is sprayed for moisturizing, the water content of the soil volume in the planting area is maintained to be not lower than 40%, and meanwhile, humus soil is covered and the soil fertility is improved by periodic replenishment;
(6) And (3) managing seedling flowering: spraying foliar fertilizer in the early stage of plant inflorescence axis development until the leaves are completely wet; and during the spraying, a ground drip irrigation mode is adopted to keep the water content of the soil volume in the planting area to be not lower than 40%.
Preferably, in step (1): collecting pods of plants of Artemisia, and after the fruit stalks are approximately lignified, changing the color of the pods from green to yellow or yellow brown and the top ends are microcracked; the latest collection condition is that the top of the pod is cracked by less than 1/4 of the length of the whole pod, so that seeds are prevented from scattering; in order to ensure the germination vigor, the maximum preservation time is not more than 1 year.
Preferably, in the step (2): humus soil is sieved by a 2-mesh sieve, and is paved at the bottom of a white seed germination basket with length, width, height=35 cm, 25cm and 15cm according to the thickness of 2 cm; sieving humus soil with 8 meshes, and placing the humus soil in a seed germination basket according to the thickness of 10cm for standby application; uniformly sowing the artemisia rupestris seeds in seed germination baskets, wherein the sowing amount of each basket is 100-150 grains; covering the surface with humus soil of 20 meshes for 2mm, and spraying water until the surface matrix is fully adhered to the seeds and the seeds are slightly exposed; placing in an air temperature 18+/-2 ℃ environment, covering a light-transmitting plastic film to keep the surface and an upper matrix moist, and germinating seeds; until the cotyledons of the seedlings extend to 1-1.5cm, sieving humus soil by adopting a 2-mesh sieve, uniformly paving the humus soil in a germination basket according to the thickness of 1cm, and spraying water to ensure that the cotyledons of the seedlings are exposed out of the surface of a matrix; transplanting is carried out when the true leaves of the seedlings grow out and the height is 5cm.
Preferably, in the step (3): transplanting the seedlings into a 10cm multiplied by 15cm nutrition pot; coarse-grain humus soil with the thickness of 5cm is paved at the bottom of the nutrition pot, and the volume ratio of the coarse-grain humus soil to the gravel is 1:1, wherein the particle size of coarse humus soil and gravel is as follows: the grain diameter is more than or equal to 10mm and more than or equal to 5mm, and then humus soil is sieved by an 8-mesh sieve to fill the nutrition pot; the nutrition pot is buried in soil, after the substrate plane in the pot is kept to be 1-2cm higher than the external soil plane, a shading net with the shading rate of 30% is arranged in an overhead mode, the height of the shading net from the ground is 100cm, the air temperature of an arrangement area is kept to be 10-25 ℃, the air humidity in the shading net is kept to be not lower than 40% through atomization or spraying, and the water content of the soil volume in a planting area is kept to be not lower than 50%.
Preferably, in the step (4), auxiliary heating is adopted, and a heating wire is arranged at the lower 5cm of the planting layer, so that the soil temperature of the planting layer is kept to be not lower than 15 ℃; adopting greenhouse transplanting maintenance to preserve heat of a planting area, keeping the air temperature of the planting area to be not lower than 10 ℃, and simultaneously keeping the water content of the soil volume in the planting area to be not lower than 40% by spraying; the dead fallen leaves cover layer is crushed into particle size by a material crusher: coarse grains with the grain diameter of more than or equal to 4cm and more than or equal to 2cm are covered with the thickness of 2cm.
Preferably, in the step (5), the air temperature of the cultivation area is kept at 15-25 ℃, humus soil is coarse particles which are sieved by a 2-mesh sieve, the coarse particles are covered every 40 days, and the covering thickness is 0.5cm.
Preferably, in the step (6), 1000 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 2500 times of sodium octaborate tetrahydrate are adopted at the early stage of plant inflorescence axis development, and are sprayed separately, each time of spraying keeps the leaves completely wet, each time of spraying is carried out for 7 days, and the spraying is stopped until buds appear.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the caraway plants have extremely high ornamental value due to the large and bright flowers and long flowering period of most varieties, have great development potential in the field of gardening, and are applied to gardens of some European countries. The plant species also comprises partial rare or endangered species and species with medicinal economic value, and has higher value in the aspects of scientific research, species protection, resource development and utilization and the like. The invention effectively expounds the key technology in the plant propagation and flowering process through seed collection and storage, sowing, seedling transplanting maintenance, overwintering management, seedling maintenance and flowering management, and has important value for protecting and expanding the wild population of the species, protecting the work of the species on site, in situ and near site, developing the flower industry, improving the new technology and the matched new variety, new production data products and high-quality technical service capability. The method has the advantages of wide application and simple operation, is pioneered in China, and effectively fills the technical blank.
Description of the embodiments
Alternative embodiments of the present application will be described in more detail below. While alternative embodiments of the present application have been described, it should be understood that the present application may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.
For clarity, the following examples are provided in detail.
Example 1
A method for propagating an important wild flower caraway plant to flowering, the method comprising the steps of:
(1) Seed collection and storage: at 10 months in 2017, red-porridges, large-flower chicken bouillons, yellow-porridges and biceps plant micro-cracking pods were collected in the Yulong county white Sha Zhen Lijiang mountain vegetable garden, jin Anxiang Jinshajiang valley, and seeds were collected. The seeds are collected and then placed in a drying cabinet with the temperature of 5 ℃ and the average air humidity of 15 percent for preservation.
(2) Sowing: at month 4 of 2018, the collected seeds were sown. Humus soil with 2 meshes is sieved and paved at the bottom of a white seed germination basket with length, width, height=35 cm, 25cm and 15cm according to the thickness of 2cm. Humus soil is sieved by an 8-mesh sieve, and is filled into a seed germination basket for standby according to the thickness of 10 cm. Uniformly sowing the red-porch flowers, the large-flower chickens and the yellow-porch flowers and the double-head hair seeds in seed germination baskets, wherein the sowing amount of each basket is 100 grains. Covering the surface with humus soil of 20 meshes for 2mm, and spraying water until the surface matrix is fully adhered to the seeds and the seeds are exposed to the soil for about 1 mm. Placing in an illumination incubator with air temperature of 18 ℃ and covering a light-transmitting plastic film to keep the surface and the upper matrix moist for seed germination. Until the cotyledons of the seedlings extend to 2cm, sieving humus soil with a 2-mesh sieve, uniformly paving the humus soil in a germination basket according to the thickness of 1cm, and spraying water to ensure that the cotyledons of the seedlings are exposed out of the surface of a matrix. Transplanting is carried out when the true leaves of the seedlings grow out and the height is 5cm.
(3) And (5) transplanting and curing seedlings: taking out basket seedlings after 30-40 days, and transplanting the basket seedlings into a 10cm multiplied by 15cm nutrition pot. The bottom of the nutrition pot is 5cm thick coarse-grain humus soil and gravel according to the volume ratio of 1:1, wherein the particle size of coarse humus soil and gravel is as follows: the grain diameter is more than or equal to 10mm and more than or equal to 5mm, and then the humus soil is fully filled by 8-mesh sieve. The nutrition pot is placed in a ground seedbed with the depth of 15 cm. And (3) arranging the geothermal wires when the land bed is tidied, wherein the arrangement depth is 5cm deep in the soil layer at the bottom of the land bed. After the nutrition pot is placed, the gap is filled with humus soil which is sieved by an 8-mesh sieve, and the soil outside the nutrition pot naturally sinks by spraying water, so that the plane of the matrix in the pot is kept to be 1.5cm higher than the plane of the soil outside the pot. The shading net with the shading rate of 30% is arranged in an overhead manner, the height of the shading net from the ground is 100cm, the air temperature of an arrangement area is kept to be 10-25 ℃, spraying is carried out on each non-rainy day, the air humidity in the shading net is kept to be not lower than 40%, and the water content of the soil volume in a planting area is kept to be not lower than 50%.
(4) And (5) seedling overwintering management: and when the outdoor night low temperature is lower than 5 ℃, the geothermal line is opened to assist in heating. A plastic greenhouse with the height of 2.5m is erected on the upper part of a land bed for overwintering, the soil temperature of a daytime planting layer in the greenhouse is maintained to be not lower than 15 ℃, and the air temperature is maintained to be not lower than 10 ℃. Meanwhile, the surface is covered with the fallen leaves for heat preservation, and coarse grains formed after the fallen leaves are crushed by a material crusher are formed, wherein the grain size of the coarse grains is as follows: the grain diameter is more than or equal to 4cm and more than or equal to 2cm, and the coverage thickness is 2cm. And controlling the humidity in the greenhouse by adopting an atomization generator, and spraying every 3 days to maintain the water content of the soil volume in the planting area to be not lower than 40%.
(5) And (5) seedling curing: and in spring of the next year, when the outdoor night low temperature is higher than 5 ℃ or the daytime high temperature is higher than 20 ℃, dismantling the plastic greenhouse and the shading net, closing the ground heating wire, and carrying out open field seedling hardening and rejuvenation maintenance on the seedlings. If the outdoor air temperature is higher than 25 ℃ during maintenance, the temperature is reduced in time by spraying, and meanwhile, the water content of the soil volume in the planting area is maintained to be not lower than 40%. Every 40 days, coarse grain humus soil with the grain diameter less than or equal to 5mm is covered by a 2-mesh sieve, and the leaf blade and the leaf stalk base of the seedling can be exposed after water is supplied until the flower buds differentiate and form inflorescence axes.
(6) And (3) managing seedling flowering:
and independently spraying a phosphorus-potassium foliar fertilizer (potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1000 times liquid) and a boron foliar fertilizer (sodium octaborate tetrahydrate 2500 times liquid) at the early stage of plant inflorescence axis development or after slightly extending. Each spraying keeps the leaves completely wet, and spraying is carried out once every 7 days, and the spraying is stopped after bud emergence.
Example 2
At 10 months in 2018, collecting the micro-split pods of Tibetan Porro flowers in the bottom ditch of the Tibet autonomous region Lhasa city, and collecting seeds. The seeds are collected and then placed in a drying cabinet with the temperature of 5 ℃ and the average air humidity of 15 percent for preservation. After sowing in month 4 of 2019, the steps (2) to (5) were performed as in example 1.
Example 3
In 10 months in 2019, yellow Porrow flowers and caraway micro-cracked pods are collected in Yulong county white Sha Zhen Lijiang mountain vegetable garden in Lijiang, yunnan province and Shangri-La state, pengzi-fence county, and seeds are collected. The seeds are collected and then placed in a drying cabinet with the temperature of 5 ℃ and the average air humidity of 15 percent for preservation. After sowing in month 4 of 2020, the steps (2) to (5) were performed as in example 1.
Comparative example 1
According to the method for breeding the important wild caraway plants to bloom provided in the embodiment 1, collected seeds are stored in a room at normal temperature (10-25 ℃), and after sowing in the year 2020 for 4 months, the method is implemented according to the steps (2) to (6) in the embodiment 1.
Comparative example 2
According to the method for breeding the important wild caraway plants to bloom provided in the embodiment 1, after the implementation of the step (1), sowing is carried out on collected seeds in the month 4 of 2018. Humus soil with 2 meshes is sieved and paved at the bottom of a white seed germination basket with length, width, height=35 cm, 25cm and 15cm according to the thickness of 2cm. Humus soil is sieved by an 8-mesh sieve, and is filled into a seed germination basket for standby according to the thickness of 10 cm. Seeds are uniformly sown in seed germination baskets, each 3 baskets, and the sowing amount of each basket is 100 grains. Covering the surface with humus soil of 20 meshes for 2mm, and spraying water until the surface matrix is fully adhered to the seeds and the seeds are exposed to the soil for about 1 mm. Placing the seeds on a greenhouse seedling frame for germination, wherein the temperature of the greenhouse air is 10-25 ℃. Spraying every day until seedling cotyledons extend to 2cm, sieving humus soil with a 2-mesh sieve, uniformly paving the humus soil in a germination basket according to the thickness of 1cm, and spraying water to ensure that the seedling cotyledons are exposed out of the surface of a matrix. Transplanting is carried out when the true leaves of the seedlings grow out and the height is 5cm. Thereafter, steps (3) to (6) were carried out as in example 1.
Comparative example 3
According to the method for breeding the important wild caraway plants to bloom provided in the embodiment 1, after the implementation of the steps (1) and (2), seedlings are directly transplanted into a land bed. Before transplanting, the ground bed is tidied, the ground heating wires are distributed, and the distribution depth is 5cm deep in the soil layer at the bottom of the ground bed. The ground bed matrix filling depth is 15cm, and humus soil is filled by 8-mesh sieve. The shading net with the shading rate of 30% is arranged in an overhead manner, the height of the shading net from the ground is 100cm, the air temperature of an arrangement area is kept to be 10-25 ℃, spraying is carried out on each non-rainy day, the air humidity in the shading net is kept to be not lower than 40%, and the water content of the soil volume in a planting area is kept to be not lower than 50%. Thereafter, steps (4) to (6) were carried out as in example 1.
Comparative example 4
According to the method for breeding the important wild caraway plants to bloom provided in the embodiment 1, after the steps (1) to (3) are implemented, after seedlings are fallen, the surfaces of the seedlings are covered with a fallen leaf layer, coarse grains (the grain size is larger than or equal to 2cm and is larger than 4 cm) formed after the fallen leaf layer is crushed by a material crusher, and the covering thickness is 2cm. And (5) spraying at irregular intervals, and maintaining the water content of the soil volume in the planting area to be not lower than 40%. Then, the steps (5) and (6) were performed as in example 1.
TABLE 1 influence of different harvest and storage conditions on seed germination of Artemisia plants
As can be seen from Table 1, the seeds of Artemisia have a certain storability and retain a certain germination activity even when stored for three years in a room temperature environment. But compared with the seeds preserved by low-temperature drying, the germination rate is reduced, the initial germination time is prolonged, and the activity of the seeds is reduced.
Table 2 comparison of the propagation to flowering process of plants of the genus caraway
As can be seen from Table 2, the red-porch flowers, the large-flower chickens and the double-head hair can bloom for two years by the technical method of the invention, but fewer flowering plants are provided. In comparative example 1 and comparative example 2, the illumination incubator and the greenhouse are adopted for germination and seedling raising, the difference is small, and the selection can be carried out according to actual conditions. In the comparative example 1 and the comparative example 3, seedlings are directly transplanted in a land bed, the seedling loss is high, and plants are not easy to mildew and rot due to the fact that the nutrition pot adopts a filling mode of layered permeable matrixes. Comparative example 1 and comparative example 4, overwintering management to prevent seedling fall, is a key cause of early flowering of caraway plants. Through annual growth, the accumulation time of photosynthetic products of plants is greatly prolonged, and early flowering of the plants can be realized.
In conclusion, the method for breeding the important wild caraway plants to bloom has the advantages that the germination rate, the seedling rate and the flower forming rate are promoted in the germination, cultivation and flowering processes. Wherein the breeding to flowering process of the caraway plants in the steps (1), (3) and (4) is particularly critical. Therefore, the invention effectively explains the key technology in the plant propagation and flowering process through seed collection and storage, sowing, seedling transplanting maintenance, overwintering management, seedling maintenance and flowering management, and has important value for protecting and expanding the wild population of the species, protecting the work of the species on site, in situ and near site, developing the flower industry, improving the new technology and the matched new variety, new production data products and high-quality technical service capability. The method has the advantages of wide application and simple operation, is pioneered in China, and effectively fills the technical blank.
The foregoing description of the embodiments of the present application is illustrative, not exhaustive, and not limited to the embodiments disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the various embodiments described. The terminology used herein was chosen in order to best explain the principles of the embodiments, the practical application, or the improvement of technology in the marketplace, or to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.
Claims (7)
1. A method of growing a caraway plant to flowering, said method comprising the steps of: (1) seed collection and storage: collecting healthy mature pods of caraway plants without worm damage in the fruit period, placing the pods at a drying position without direct sunlight indoors for cracking, taking out seeds and placing the seeds in a drying cabinet with the average air humidity of 15 percent at the temperature of 5 ℃ for preservation;
(2) Sowing: in early spring of the current year, humus soil is adopted and is filled in a seed germination basket for standby, seeds are evenly laid in the seed germination basket, humus soil is covered on the surface, water is sprayed until surface matrixes are fully attached to seeds, the seeds are placed in an environment with the air temperature of 18+/-2 ℃, a transparent plastic film is covered to keep the surface and upper matrixes moist, seed germination is carried out until cotyledons of seedlings extend to 1-1.5cm, and humus soil is covered for moisture preservation; transplanting when the true leaves of the seedlings grow out and the height is 5 cm;
(3) And (5) transplanting and curing seedlings: transplanting seedlings into a degradable nutrition pot, wherein the bottom of the nutrition pot is a mixture of humus soil and gravel, filling the nutrition pot with the humus soil, selecting a smooth seedbed or nursery land, and burying the nutrition pot into soil; laying a shading net with shading rate of 30%, wherein the height of the shading net from the ground is 100cm, and hardening seedlings in a region with the temperature of 8-25 ℃; meanwhile, sprinkling water to the layout area for moisture preservation, and keeping the water content of the soil volume in the planting depth area to be not lower than 50%;
(4) And (5) seedling overwintering management: after the temperature is reduced in winter, adopting greenhouse transplanting maintenance and auxiliary heating measures, keeping the air temperature in a planting area to be not lower than 10 ℃, preventing seedlings from falling and keeping the seedlings to continuously grow, and covering the soil surface with withered fallen leaves for heat preservation;
(5) And (5) seedling curing: in spring of the next year, removing the shading net and assisting in warming to manage and maintain the open field until flowering; the outdoor air temperature should not be higher than 25 ℃ during maintenance, meanwhile, water is sprayed for moisturizing, the water content of the soil volume in the planting area is maintained to be not lower than 40%, and meanwhile, humus soil is covered and the soil fertility is improved by periodic replenishment;
(6) And (3) managing seedling flowering: spraying foliar fertilizer in the early stage of plant inflorescence axis development until the leaves are completely wet; and during the spraying, a ground drip irrigation mode is adopted to keep the water content of the soil volume in the planting area to be not lower than 40%.
2. The method for breeding to flowering of a caraway plant according to claim 1, wherein: in step (1): collecting pods of plants of Artemisia, and after the fruit stalks are approximately lignified, changing the color of the pods from green to yellow or yellow brown and the top ends are microcracked; the latest collection condition is that the top of the pod is cracked by less than 1/4 of the length of the whole pod, so that seeds are prevented from scattering; in order to ensure the germination vigor, the maximum preservation time is not more than 1 year.
3. The method for breeding to flowering of a caraway plant according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (2): humus soil is sieved by a 2-mesh sieve, and is paved at the bottom of a white seed germination basket with length, width, height=35 cm, 25cm and 15cm according to the thickness of 2 cm; sieving humus soil with 8 meshes, and placing the humus soil in a seed germination basket according to the thickness of 10cm for standby application; uniformly sowing the artemisia rupestris seeds in seed germination baskets, wherein the sowing amount of each basket is 100-150 grains; covering the surface with humus soil of 20 meshes for 2mm, and spraying water until the surface matrix is fully adhered to the seeds and the seeds are slightly exposed; placing in an air temperature 18+/-2 ℃ environment, covering a light-transmitting plastic film to keep the surface and an upper matrix moist, and germinating seeds; until the cotyledons of the seedlings extend to 1-1.5cm, sieving humus soil by adopting a 2-mesh sieve, uniformly paving the humus soil in a germination basket according to the thickness of 1cm, and spraying water to ensure that the cotyledons of the seedlings are exposed out of the surface of a matrix; transplanting is carried out when the true leaves of the seedlings grow out and the height is 5cm.
4. The method for breeding to flowering of a caraway plant according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (3): transplanting the seedlings into a 10cm multiplied by 15cm nutrition pot; coarse-grain humus soil with the thickness of 5cm is paved at the bottom of the nutrition pot, and the volume ratio of the coarse-grain humus soil to the gravel is 1:1, wherein the particle size of coarse humus soil and gravel is as follows: the grain diameter is more than or equal to 10mm and more than or equal to 5mm, and then humus soil is sieved by an 8-mesh sieve to fill the nutrition pot; the nutrition pot is buried in soil, after the substrate plane in the pot is kept to be 1-2cm higher than the external soil plane, a shading net with the shading rate of 30% is arranged in an overhead mode, the height of the shading net from the ground is 100cm, the air temperature of an arrangement area is kept to be 10-25 ℃, the air humidity in the shading net is kept to be not lower than 40% through atomization or spraying, and the water content of the soil volume in a planting area is kept to be not lower than 50%.
5. The method for breeding to flowering of a caraway plant according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (4), auxiliary heating is adopted to arrange a geothermal wire at the position 5cm below the planting layer, and the temperature of soil of the planting layer is kept to be not lower than 15 ℃; erecting a greenhouse for transplanting and maintaining to preserve heat of a planting area, keeping the air temperature of the planting area to be not lower than 10 ℃, and simultaneously keeping the water content of the soil volume in the planting area to be not lower than 40% by spraying; the dead fallen leaves cover layer is crushed into particle size by a material crusher: coarse grains with the grain diameter of more than or equal to 4cm and more than or equal to 2cm are covered with the thickness of 2cm.
6. The method for breeding to flowering of a caraway plant according to claim 1, wherein: and (3) maintaining the air temperature of the cultivation area at 15-25 ℃ in the step (5), wherein humus soil is coarse grains which are sieved by a 2-mesh sieve, and the humus soil is covered once every 40 days, and the covering thickness is 0.5cm.
7. The method for breeding to flowering of a caraway plant according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (6), 1000 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 2500 times of sodium octaborate tetrahydrate are adopted at the early stage of plant inflorescence axis development, and are sprayed separately, each time of spraying keeps the leaves completely wet, each time of spraying is carried out for 7 days, and the spraying is stopped until buds appear.
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| CN117099637A (en) * | 2023-10-24 | 2023-11-24 | 中国科学院昆明植物研究所 | Whole life history breeding method for ornamental and ecological restoration vegetation rhodiola crenulata |
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