CN112586258A - Method for cultivating low-cost excellent variety of cold-resistant Chinese rose - Google Patents
Method for cultivating low-cost excellent variety of cold-resistant Chinese rose Download PDFInfo
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- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 60
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 60
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- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims description 40
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 229910000387 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 30
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- 239000011702 manganese sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 30
- 235000019837 monoammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 30
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 30
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- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
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- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 10
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
Abstract
The invention discloses the technical field of cultivation methods of Chinese roses, and provides a cultivation method of a low-cost excellent variety of cold-resistant Chinese roses, which comprises the following steps: selecting a stock, selecting a scion, collecting the scion, processing the scion, grafting, field planting, irrigating after field planting, and dividing into pots. The method can be used for grafting and cultivating to obtain a good Chinese rose variety which integrates the advantages of cold resistance, sun resistance, developed root system, drought resistance, barrenness resistance, rain resistance, insect resistance, beautiful flower type, rich and excellent flower fragrance, large number of single-plant flowers and repeated blossoming in multiple seasons, and can improve the cultivation survival rate and reduce the cultivation cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cultivation methods of Chinese roses, in particular to a cultivation method of a low-cost excellent variety of cold-resistant Chinese roses.
Background
China is one of the origins of China. China roses are rich and beautiful, have various postures, are always open at four times, and are deeply loved by people, but most of China roses have poor cold resistance during planting, and need artificial cold resistance protection in winter.
The existing Chinese rose cultivation method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of selecting a stock, selecting a scion, collecting the scion, processing the scion, grafting, planting, irrigating after planting and dividing into pots, wherein the scion is generally exposed in the air to be grafted after being collected again or is soaked in clear water to ensure sufficient moisture, and the scion cultivation survival rate is low in the processing method.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art and provides a method for cultivating a low-cost good variety of cold-resistant Chinese roses.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention comprises the steps of:
selecting the rootstock: selecting a wild rosa glandulifera plant with cold resistance, sun resistance, developed root system, drought resistance and barrenness resistance as a stock in a semiarid region with the lowest temperature of Xinjiang being below-10 ℃ to-24 ℃;
selecting the scions: in an open-air Chinese rose planting area in a Sichuan basin heavy rainfall area, selecting excellent Chinese rose plants which have perfect petals, beautiful flower types, rich and excellent flower fragrance, a large number of single-plant flowers, multi-season repeated flowering and no diseases and insects in Chinese rose clusters stored after multiple heavy rainfall in a tree age of more than 3 years, and collecting flower buds on the plants as scion stock plants;
collecting scions: selecting and shearing branches which are strong in growth and have flowers just opened from a stock plant of the scion, pruning and selecting a middle area with bud points on the branches as the scion, cutting the scion, and longitudinally cutting off 1-1.3 cm, wherein the cut is smooth and regular based on exposure of the white wood;
and (3) scion treatment: soaking the cut scions in a nutrient solution, storing the scions in an environment with the temperature of 4-8 ℃ for use, and irradiating the nutrient solution and the scions by using an ultraviolet lamp in the soaking process;
grafting: performing incision treatment on the rootstock; taking a scion, inserting the scion into a cut of a stock, aligning a longitudinal cutting surface of the scion with the cut of the stock, and then binding the scion and the grafting film together;
planting: planting the grafted stock seedling in a high-cylinder mud pot, firstly paving a layer of coarse soil at the bottom of the pot, then putting soil for cuttage into the pot to serve as pot soil, putting the high-cylinder mud pot into a holding pot, and arranging a heat-preservation cover at the top of the holding pot;
irrigating after planting: in one week after grafting, 1-2 cm of water is poured at the bottom of the basin for containing the mud every two days and is sucked by a drain hole at the bottom of the high-cylinder mud basin; pouring 1-2 cm of water-soluble fertilizer diluent at the bottom of the pot every 3-5 days within 2-3 weeks of grafting; when the sprout grows to 3.5-4 cm long, the newspaper can be torn off;
basin separation: the plastic film can be removed after the leaves growing out of the new buds are unfolded, and the plastic film is separated after being placed in the open air for one month. A layer of coarse soil is paved at the bottom of the flowerpot, and organic fertilizer is paved at the top of the coarse soil.
In a semiarid region with the lowest temperature of Xinjiang below-10 ℃ to-24 ℃, a wild rosa glandulifera plant with cold resistance, sun resistance, developed root system, drought resistance and barren resistance is selected as a stock, the wild rosa glandulifera is similar to the rosa chinensis in species, can effectively provide nutrients for the scions of the rosa chinensis, has tenacious vitality and ensures the survival rate of grafting cultivation, and the wild rosa glandulifera serves as a father plant along with the growth of the grafted seedling plant, and the excellent characteristics of the wild rosa glandulifera can act and be embodied on the scion seedling plant, so that the scion seedling plant has the excellent characteristics; in an open-air China rose planting area in a Sichuan basin heavy rainfall area, selecting excellent China rose plants with perfect petal preservation, beautiful flower type, rich and excellent flower fragrance, large number of single-plant flowers, repeated flowering in multiple seasons and no diseases and insects in China rose clusters preserved after multiple heavy rainfall in a tree age of more than 3 years, collecting flower buds on the plants as scion stock plants, wherein the scion stock plants have the characteristics of rain resistance, insect resistance, beautiful flower type and the like which are not possessed by parent stock plants, and thus obtaining an excellent China rose variety integrating the advantages of cold resistance, sun resistance, developed root system, drought resistance, barren resistance, rain resistance, insect resistance, beautiful flower pattern, rich and excellent flower fragrance, large number of single-plant flowers and repeated flowering in multiple seasons; the cut scions are placed in the nutrient solution for soaking and refrigeration, so that the condition that part of the scions are exposed in the air or placed in clear water for a long time and lose activity due to large workload in the grafting operation, and the cultivation survival rate is low can be effectively avoided; use thick iron wire and transparent plastic film to build simple and easy heat preservation cover, when for cultivating the greenhouse environment that provides, reduce and cultivate the cost.
Drawings
FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 are photographs showing that the present inventors cultivated the excellent cold-resistant rose variety cultivated by the method of the present invention in a child park test in Harbin.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.
The existing Chinese rose variety has the problem of poor cold resistance and is difficult to survive in cold winter, and in the grafting cultivation process of the Chinese rose at present, the scion is generally exposed in the air for grafting treatment after being collected again, or is soaked in clear water to ensure sufficient water, the treatment method has the condition of low cultivation survival rate of the scion, in order to solve the problem, in the semi-arid region with the lowest temperature of-10 ℃ to-24 ℃ below in the ULUMUQI city, the embodiment of the invention selects the wild Adenostemma plants with cold resistance, sun resistance, developed root system and drought resistance as the stock, in the open-air rose planting region in the normal rainfall region in Yaan city, in the Chinese rose cluster stored after multiple times of strong rainfall, the wild Adenostemma plants with perfect preservation, beautiful flower shape, rich and excellent flower fragrance, a large number of single plants, and the like, The method comprises the steps of repeatedly flowering in multiple seasons, collecting flower buds on plants as scion stock plants, soaking cut scions in nutrient solution after scion collection, storing the scions in a low-temperature environment for use, irradiating the nutrient solution and the scions by using an ultraviolet lamp in the soaking process, grafting and planting the scions and the stocks, and irrigating until potting.
In the embodiment of the invention, the method for cultivating the low-cost excellent variety of the cold-resistant Chinese rose comprises the following steps:
selecting the rootstock: in a semiarid region with the lowest temperature of below-10 ℃ to below-24 ℃ in Wuluqiqi city, selecting a wild rosa glandulifera plant with cold resistance, sun resistance, developed root system, drought resistance and barrenness resistance as a stock;
selecting the scions: in an open-air Chinese rose planting area in a normal rainfall area in Yaan city, selecting excellent Chinese rose plants which have perfect petals, beautiful flower types, rich and excellent flower fragrance, a large number of single-plant flowers, multi-season repeated flowering and no diseases and insects in Chinese rose clusters stored after multiple heavy rainfall in a tree age of more than 3 years, and collecting flower buds on the plants as scion stock plants;
collecting scions: selecting and shearing branches which are strong in growth and have flowers just opened from a stock plant of the scion, pruning and selecting a middle area with bud points on the branches as the scion, cutting the scion, and longitudinally cutting off 1-1.3 cm, wherein the cut is smooth and regular based on exposure of the white wood;
and (3) scion treatment: soaking the cut scions in a nutrient solution, storing the scions in an environment with the temperature of 4-8 ℃ for use, and irradiating the nutrient solution and the scions by using an ultraviolet lamp in the soaking process;
grafting: performing incision treatment on the rootstock; taking a scion, inserting the scion into a cut of a stock, aligning a longitudinal cutting surface of the scion with the cut of the stock, and then binding the scion and the grafting film together;
planting: planting the grafted stock seedling in a high-cylinder mud pot, firstly paving a layer of coarse soil at the bottom of the pot, then putting soil for cuttage into the pot to serve as pot soil, putting the high-cylinder mud pot into a holding pot, and arranging a heat-preservation cover at the top of the holding pot;
irrigating after planting: in one week after grafting, 1-2 cm of water is poured at the bottom of the basin for containing the mud every two days and is sucked by a drain hole at the bottom of the high-cylinder mud basin; pouring 1-2 cm of water-soluble fertilizer diluent at the bottom of the pot every 3-5 days within 2-3 weeks of grafting; when the sprout grows to 3.5-4 cm long, the newspaper can be torn off;
basin separation: the plastic film can be removed after the leaves growing out of the new buds are unfolded, and the plastic film is separated after being placed in the open air for one month. A layer of coarse soil is paved at the bottom of the flowerpot, and organic fertilizer is paved at the top of the coarse soil.
In the embodiment of the invention, in a semiarid region with the lowest temperature of-10 ℃ to-24 ℃ below in Wulu wood city, a wild rosa glandulifera plant with cold resistance, sun resistance, developed root system, drought resistance and impoverishment resistance is selected as a stock, the wild rosa glandulifera is similar to the species of the rosa chinensis, can effectively provide nutrients for the rosa chinensis scions, has tenacious vitality and ensures the survival rate of grafting cultivation, and along with the growth of the grafted seedling plant, the wild rosa glandulifera is taken as a parent plant, and the excellent characteristics of the wild rosa glandulifera can act on and be embodied on the grafted seedling plant, so that the grafted seedling plant has the excellent characteristics.
In the embodiment of the invention, in an open-air Chinese rose planting area in a common rainfall area in Yaan city, in a Chinese rose cluster stored after multiple times of strong rainfall with the tree age of more than 3 years, a good Chinese rose plant with perfect petal storage, beautiful flower shape, rich and excellent flower fragrance, a large number of single flowers, repeated flowering in multiple seasons and no diseases and insects is selected, flower buds on the plant are collected as a scion stock plant, and the scion stock plant has the characteristics of rain resistance, insect resistance, beautiful flower shape and the like which are not possessed by a parental stock plant, so that a good Chinese rose which integrates the advantages of cold resistance, sun resistance, developed root system, drought resistance, barren resistance, rain resistance, insect resistance, beautiful flower shape, rich and excellent flower fragrance, a large number of single flowers and repeated flowering in multiple seasons is obtained by grafting.
In the embodiment of the invention, the cut scions are soaked and refrigerated in the nutrient solution, so that the condition that part of the scions are exposed in the air or placed in clear water for a long time to lose activity in the grafting operation due to large workload, and the cultivation survival rate is low can be effectively avoided.
In the embodiment of the invention, the ultraviolet lamp is used for irradiating in the process of soaking the scions, the nutrient solution is sterilized and disinfected, and the ultraviolet irradiation treatment promotes the germination rate of scion bud points and improves the cultivation survival rate.
In the embodiment of the invention, the simple heat-insulating cover is built by using the thick iron wires and the transparent plastic film, so that a greenhouse environment is provided for cultivation, and the cultivation cost is reduced.
The technical effects of the low-cost and excellent variety breeding method of cold-resistant Chinese roses of the present invention will be further described with reference to the following specific examples, but the specific implementation methods mentioned in these examples are only illustrative and explanatory of the technical solution of the present invention, and do not limit the implementation scope of the present invention, and all the improvements and substitutions based on the above principles should be within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Weighing calcium nitrate, ferrous sulfate and a first part of tap water according to the weight ratio of 125: 10: 1000, heating the first part of tap water to 30 ℃, dissolving the ferrous sulfate and then dissolving the calcium nitrate by using the heated first part of tap water, and adding the first part of tap water while stirring until the first part of tap water is uniformly dissolved to obtain solution A; weighing magnesium sulfate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium nitrate, boric acid, manganese sulfate, copper sulfate, zinc sulfate and a second part of tap water according to the weight ratio of 35: 25: 36: 0.4: 0.2: 0.002: 0.003: 1000, sequentially adding the magnesium sulfate, the ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, the potassium nitrate, the boric acid, the manganese sulfate, the copper sulfate and the zinc sulfate into the second part of tap water, and stirring while adding until the magnesium sulfate, the ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, the potassium nitrate, the boric acid, the manganese sulfate, the copper sulfate and the zinc sulfate are uniformly dissolved to obtain a solution B; weighing the solution A and the solution B according to the weight ratio of 1: 1, and fully stirring and mixing to obtain a nutrient solution;
selecting the rootstock: in a semiarid region with the lowest temperature of below-10 ℃ to below-24 ℃ in Wuluqiqi city, selecting a wild rosa glandulifera plant with cold resistance, sun resistance, developed root system, drought resistance and barrenness resistance as a stock;
selecting the scions: in an open-air Chinese rose planting area in a normal rainfall area in Yaan city, selecting excellent Chinese rose plants which have perfect petals, beautiful flower types, rich and excellent flower fragrance, a large number of single-plant flowers, multi-season repeated flowering and no diseases and insects in Chinese rose clusters stored after multiple heavy rainfall in a tree age of more than 3 years, and collecting flower buds on the plants as scion stock plants;
collecting scions: selecting and shearing branches which are strong in growth and have flowers just opened from a scion stock plant, pruning and selecting a middle area with bud points on the branches as a scion, cutting the scion, longitudinally cutting off 1.2 cm, and taking exposure of the white wood as a standard, wherein the cut is smooth and regular;
and (3) scion treatment: soaking the cut scions in a nutrient solution, storing the scions in an environment at the temperature of 4 ℃ for later use, and irradiating the nutrient solution and the scions by using an ultraviolet lamp with the wavelength of 10nm in the soaking process;
grafting: performing incision treatment on the rootstock; taking a scion, inserting the scion into a cut of a stock, aligning a longitudinal cutting surface of the scion with the cut of the stock, and then binding the scion and the grafting film together;
planting: planting the grafted stock seedling in a high-cylinder mud pot, firstly paving a layer of coarse soil at the bottom of the pot, then putting soil for cuttage into the pot to serve as pot soil, putting the high-cylinder mud pot into a holding pot, and arranging a heat-preservation cover at the top of the holding pot;
irrigating after planting: in one week after grafting, 1 cm of water is poured at the bottom of the basin for containing the mud every two days and is sucked by a drain hole at the bottom of the high-cylinder mud basin; pouring 1 cm of water-soluble fertilizer diluent at the bottom of the pot every 3 days within 2 weeks of grafting; when the sprout grows to 3.5 cm long, the newspaper can be torn off;
basin separation: the plastic film can be removed after the leaves growing out of the new buds are unfolded, and the plastic film is separated after being placed in the open air for one month. A layer of coarse soil is paved at the bottom of the flowerpot, and organic fertilizer is paved at the top of the coarse soil.
Example 2
Weighing calcium nitrate, ferrous sulfate and a first part of tap water according to the weight ratio of 137: 13: 1000, heating the first part of tap water to 34 ℃, dissolving the ferrous sulfate and then dissolving the calcium nitrate by using the heated first part of tap water, and adding the first part of tap water while stirring until the first part of tap water is uniformly dissolved to obtain solution A; weighing magnesium sulfate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium nitrate, boric acid, manganese sulfate, copper sulfate, zinc sulfate and a second part of tap water according to the weight ratio of 37: 27: 39: 0.55: 0.4: 0.004: 1000, sequentially adding the magnesium sulfate, the ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, the potassium nitrate, the boric acid, the manganese sulfate, the copper sulfate and the zinc sulfate into the second part of tap water, and stirring while adding until the magnesium sulfate, the ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, the potassium nitrate, the boric acid, the manganese sulfate, the copper sulfate and the zinc sulfate are uniformly dissolved to obtain a solution B; according to the following steps of 1: weighing the solution A and the solution B according to the weight ratio of 1, and fully stirring and mixing to obtain a nutrient solution;
selecting the rootstock: in a semiarid region with the lowest temperature of below-10 ℃ to below-24 ℃ in Wuluqiqi city, selecting a wild rosa glandulifera plant with cold resistance, sun resistance, developed root system, drought resistance and barrenness resistance as a stock;
selecting the scions: in an open-air Chinese rose planting area in a normal rainfall area in Yaan city, selecting excellent Chinese rose plants which have perfect petals, beautiful flower types, rich and excellent flower fragrance, a large number of single-plant flowers, multi-season repeated flowering and no diseases and insects in Chinese rose clusters stored after multiple heavy rainfall in a tree age of more than 3 years, and collecting flower buds on the plants as scion stock plants;
collecting scions: selecting and shearing branches which are strong in growth and have flowers just opened from a scion stock plant, pruning and selecting a middle area with bud points on the branches as a scion, cutting the scion, longitudinally cutting off 1.2 cm, and taking exposure of the white wood as a standard, wherein the cut is smooth and regular;
and (3) scion treatment: soaking the cut scions in a nutrient solution, storing the scions in an environment at 6 ℃ for use, and irradiating the nutrient solution and the scions by using an ultraviolet lamp with the wavelength of 200nm in the soaking process;
grafting: performing incision treatment on the rootstock; taking a scion, inserting the scion into a cut of a stock, aligning a longitudinal cutting surface of the scion with the cut of the stock, and then binding the scion and the grafting film together;
planting: planting the grafted stock seedling in a high-cylinder mud pot, firstly paving a layer of coarse soil at the bottom of the pot, then putting soil for cuttage into the pot to serve as pot soil, putting the high-cylinder mud pot into a holding pot, and arranging a heat-preservation cover at the top of the holding pot;
irrigating after planting: in one week after grafting, 1-2 cm of water is poured at the bottom of the basin for containing the mud every two days and is sucked by a drain hole at the bottom of the high-cylinder mud basin; pouring 1 cm of water-soluble fertilizer diluent at the bottom of the pot every 4 days within 2.5 weeks of grafting; when the sprout grows to 3.5 cm long, the newspaper can be torn off;
basin separation: the plastic film can be removed after the leaves growing out of the new buds are unfolded, and the plastic film is separated after being placed in the open air for one month. A layer of coarse soil is paved at the bottom of the flowerpot, and organic fertilizer is paved at the top of the coarse soil.
Example 3
Weighing calcium nitrate, ferrous sulfate and a first part of tap water according to the weight ratio of 140: 15: 1000, heating the first part of tap water to 38 ℃, dissolving the ferrous sulfate and then dissolving the calcium nitrate by using the heated first part of tap water, and adding the first part of tap water while stirring until the first part of tap water is uniformly dissolved to obtain solution A; weighing magnesium sulfate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium nitrate, boric acid, manganese sulfate, copper sulfate, zinc sulfate and a second part of tap water according to the weight ratio of 40: 30: 42: 0.7: 0.6: 0.006: 0.005: 1000, sequentially adding the magnesium sulfate, the ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, the potassium nitrate, the boric acid, the manganese sulfate, the copper sulfate and the zinc sulfate into the second part of tap water, and stirring while adding until the magnesium sulfate, the ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, the potassium nitrate, the boric acid, the manganese sulfate, the copper sulfate and the zinc sulfate are uniformly dissolved to obtain a solution B; weighing the solution A and the solution B according to the weight ratio of 1: 1, and fully stirring and mixing to obtain a nutrient solution;
selecting the rootstock: in a semiarid region with the lowest temperature of below-10 ℃ to below-24 ℃ in Wuluqiqi city, selecting a wild rosa glandulifera plant with cold resistance, sun resistance, developed root system, drought resistance and barrenness resistance as a stock;
selecting the scions: in an open-air Chinese rose planting area in a normal rainfall area in Yaan city, selecting excellent Chinese rose plants which have perfect petals, beautiful flower types, rich and excellent flower fragrance, a large number of single-plant flowers, multi-season repeated flowering and no diseases and insects in Chinese rose clusters stored after multiple heavy rainfall in a tree age of more than 3 years, and collecting flower buds on the plants as scion stock plants;
collecting scions: selecting and shearing branches which are strong in growth and have flowers just opened from a scion stock plant, pruning and selecting a middle area with bud points on the branches as a scion, cutting the scion, longitudinally cutting off 1.2 cm, and taking exposure of the white wood as a standard, wherein the cut is smooth and regular;
and (3) scion treatment: soaking the cut scions in a nutrient solution, storing the scions in an environment at the temperature of 8 ℃ for later use, and irradiating the nutrient solution and the scions by using an ultraviolet lamp with the wavelength of 400nm in the soaking process;
grafting: performing incision treatment on the rootstock; taking a scion, inserting the scion into a cut of a stock, aligning a longitudinal cutting surface of the scion with the cut of the stock, and then binding the scion and the grafting film together;
planting: planting the grafted stock seedling in a high-cylinder mud pot, firstly paving a layer of coarse soil at the bottom of the pot, then putting soil for cuttage into the pot to serve as pot soil, putting the high-cylinder mud pot into a holding pot, and arranging a heat-preservation cover at the top of the holding pot;
irrigating after planting: in one week after grafting, 2 cm of water is poured at the bottom of the basin of the containing basin every two days and is sucked by a drain hole at the bottom of the high-cylinder mud basin; 2 cm of water-soluble fertilizer diluent is poured at the bottom of the pot every 5 days within 3 weeks of grafting; when the sprout grows to 4 cm long, the newspaper can be torn off;
basin separation: the plastic film can be removed after the leaves growing out of the new buds are unfolded, and the plastic film is separated after being placed in the open air for one month. A layer of coarse soil is paved at the bottom of the flowerpot, and organic fertilizer is paved at the top of the coarse soil.
Example 4
Weighing calcium nitrate, ferrous sulfate and a first part of tap water according to the weight ratio of 140: 15: 1000, heating the first part of tap water to 38 ℃, dissolving the ferrous sulfate and then dissolving the calcium nitrate by using the heated first part of tap water, and adding the first part of tap water while stirring until the first part of tap water is uniformly dissolved to obtain solution A; weighing magnesium sulfate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium nitrate, boric acid, manganese sulfate, copper sulfate, zinc sulfate and a second part of tap water according to the weight ratio of 40: 30: 42: 0.7: 0.6: 0.006: 0.005: 1000, sequentially adding the magnesium sulfate, the ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, the potassium nitrate, the boric acid, the manganese sulfate, the copper sulfate and the zinc sulfate into the second part of tap water, and stirring while adding until the magnesium sulfate, the ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, the potassium nitrate, the boric acid, the manganese sulfate, the copper sulfate and the zinc sulfate are uniformly dissolved to obtain a solution B; weighing the solution A and the solution B according to the weight ratio of 1: 1, and fully stirring and mixing to obtain a nutrient solution;
selecting the rootstock: in a semiarid region with the lowest temperature of below-10 ℃ to below-24 ℃ in Wuluqiqi city, selecting a wild rosa glandulifera plant with cold resistance, sun resistance, developed root system, drought resistance and barrenness resistance as a stock;
selecting the scions: in an open-air Chinese rose planting area in a normal rainfall area in Yaan city, selecting excellent Chinese rose plants which have perfect petals, beautiful flower types, rich and excellent flower fragrance, a large number of single-plant flowers, multi-season repeated flowering and no diseases and insects in Chinese rose clusters stored after multiple heavy rainfall in a tree age of more than 3 years, and collecting flower buds on the plants as scion stock plants;
collecting scions: selecting and shearing branches which are strong in growth and have flowers just opened from a scion stock plant, pruning and selecting a middle area with bud points on the branches as a scion, cutting the scion, longitudinally cutting off 1.2 cm, and taking exposure of the white wood as a standard, wherein the cut is smooth and regular;
and (3) scion treatment: soaking the cut scions in a nutrient solution, storing the scions in an environment at the temperature of 8 ℃ for use, and irradiating the nutrient solution and the scions by using an ultraviolet lamp with the wavelength of 200nm in the soaking process;
grafting: performing incision treatment on the rootstock; taking a scion, inserting the scion into a cut of a stock, aligning a longitudinal cutting surface of the scion with the cut of the stock, and then binding the scion and the grafting film together;
planting: planting the grafted stock seedling in a high-cylinder mud pot, firstly paving a layer of coarse soil at the bottom of the pot, then putting soil for cuttage into the pot to serve as pot soil, putting the high-cylinder mud pot into a holding pot, and arranging a heat-preservation cover at the top of the holding pot;
irrigating after planting: in one week after grafting, 2 cm of water is poured at the bottom of the basin of the containing basin every two days and is sucked by a drain hole at the bottom of the high-cylinder mud basin; 2 cm of water-soluble fertilizer diluent is poured at the bottom of the pot every 5 days within 3 weeks of grafting; when the sprout grows to 4 cm long, the newspaper can be torn off;
basin separation: the plastic film can be removed after the leaves growing out of the new buds are unfolded, and the plastic film is separated after being placed in the open air for one month. A layer of coarse soil is paved at the bottom of the flowerpot, and organic fertilizer is paved at the top of the coarse soil.
The survival rates of the four groups obtained by the cultivation method of the low-cost excellent variety of the cold-resistant Chinese rose of examples 1 to 4 of the present invention were compared with the survival rate obtained by the conventional cultivation method of Chinese rose, and the comparison results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
| Total number of grafted seedlings | Number of cultivated survival seedlings | Cultivation survival rate | |
| Example 1 | 60 | 46 | 76％ |
| Example 2 | 60 | 50 | 83％ |
| Example 3 | 60 | 56 | 93％ |
| Example 4 | 60 | 53 | 88％ |
| Control group was routinely cultured | 60 | 37 | 62％ |
In summary, it can be seen from table 1 that the survival rates of the four groups cultivated by the cultivation methods of the present invention examples 1 to 4 for the low-cost excellent varieties of cold-resistant roses are significantly higher than those of the conventional roses. The cultivation survival rate of the low-cost excellent variety of the cold-resistant Chinese rose in the embodiment 3 is the highest, the first part of tap water, calcium nitrate and ferrous sulfate are weighed according to the weight ratio of 140: 15: 1000 in the embodiment 3, the first part of tap water is heated to 38 ℃, the heated first part of tap water is used for dissolving the ferrous sulfate and then the calcium nitrate, and the first part of tap water is added while stirring until the first part of tap water is dissolved uniformly to obtain solution A; weighing magnesium sulfate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium nitrate, boric acid, manganese sulfate, copper sulfate, zinc sulfate and a second part of tap water according to the weight ratio of 40: 30: 42: 0.7: 0.6: 0.006: 0.005: 1000, sequentially adding the magnesium sulfate, the ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, the potassium nitrate, the boric acid, the manganese sulfate, the copper sulfate and the zinc sulfate into the second part of tap water, and stirring while adding until the magnesium sulfate, the ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, the potassium nitrate, the boric acid, the manganese sulfate, the copper sulfate and the zinc sulfate are uniformly dissolved to obtain a solution B; weighing the solution A and the solution B according to the weight ratio of 1: 1, fully stirring and mixing to obtain a nutrient solution, soaking the cut scions in the nutrient solution in the cultivation process, storing in an environment with the temperature of 8 ℃ for use, and irradiating the nutrient solution and the scions by using an ultraviolet lamp with the wavelength of 400nm in the soaking process.
Furthermore, the invention also makes systematic research on the process conditions in the cultivation method of the low-cost good variety of the cold-resistant Chinese rose, and the following test schemes which only explain that the change of the process conditions has obvious influence on the cultivation survival rate of the Chinese rose are all based on the process conditions of the embodiment 3, and are specifically seen in the comparative examples 1-3:
comparative example 1
Selecting the rootstock: in a semiarid region with the lowest temperature of below-10 ℃ to below-24 ℃ in Wuluqiqi city, selecting a wild rosa glandulifera plant with cold resistance, sun resistance, developed root system, drought resistance and barrenness resistance as a stock;
selecting the scions: in an open-air Chinese rose planting area in a normal rainfall area in Yaan city, selecting excellent Chinese rose plants which have perfect petals, beautiful flower types, rich and excellent flower fragrance, a large number of single-plant flowers, multi-season repeated flowering and no diseases and insects in Chinese rose clusters stored after multiple heavy rainfall in a tree age of more than 3 years, and collecting flower buds on the plants as scion stock plants;
collecting scions: selecting and shearing branches which are strong in growth and have flowers just opened from a scion stock plant, pruning and selecting a middle area with bud points on the branches as a scion, cutting the scion, longitudinally cutting off 1.2 cm, and taking exposure of the white wood as a standard, wherein the cut is smooth and regular;
and (3) scion treatment: storing the cut scions in an environment with the temperature of 8 ℃ for use, and irradiating the scions by using an ultraviolet lamp with the wavelength of 400nm in the process of storage;
grafting: performing incision treatment on the rootstock; taking a scion, inserting the scion into a cut of a stock, aligning a longitudinal cutting surface of the scion with the cut of the stock, and then binding the scion and the grafting film together;
planting: planting the grafted stock seedling in a high-cylinder mud pot, firstly paving a layer of coarse soil at the bottom of the pot, then putting soil for cuttage into the pot to serve as pot soil, putting the high-cylinder mud pot into a holding pot, and arranging a heat-preservation cover at the top of the holding pot;
irrigating after planting: in one week after grafting, 2 cm of water is poured at the bottom of the basin of the containing basin every two days and is sucked by a drain hole at the bottom of the high-cylinder mud basin; 2 cm of water-soluble fertilizer diluent is poured at the bottom of the pot every 5 days within 3 weeks of grafting; when the sprout grows to 4 cm long, the newspaper can be torn off;
basin separation: the plastic film can be removed after the leaves growing out of the new buds are unfolded, and the plastic film is separated after being placed in the open air for one month. A layer of coarse soil is paved at the bottom of the flowerpot, and organic fertilizer is paved at the top of the coarse soil.
Comparative example 2
Weighing calcium nitrate, ferrous sulfate and a first part of tap water according to the weight ratio of 140: 15: 1000, heating the first part of tap water to 38 ℃, dissolving the ferrous sulfate and then dissolving the calcium nitrate by using the heated first part of tap water, and adding the first part of tap water while stirring until the first part of tap water is uniformly dissolved to obtain solution A; weighing magnesium sulfate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium nitrate, boric acid, manganese sulfate, copper sulfate, zinc sulfate and a second part of tap water according to the weight ratio of 40: 30: 42: 0.7: 0.6: 0.006: 0.005: 1000, sequentially adding the magnesium sulfate, the ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, the potassium nitrate, the boric acid, the manganese sulfate, the copper sulfate and the zinc sulfate into the second part of tap water, and stirring while adding until the magnesium sulfate, the ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, the potassium nitrate, the boric acid, the manganese sulfate, the copper sulfate and the zinc sulfate are uniformly dissolved to obtain a solution B; weighing the solution A and the solution B according to the weight ratio of 1: 1, and fully stirring and mixing to obtain a nutrient solution;
selecting the rootstock: in a semiarid region with the lowest temperature of below-10 ℃ to below-24 ℃ in Wuluqiqi city, selecting a wild rosa glandulifera plant with cold resistance, sun resistance, developed root system, drought resistance and barrenness resistance as a stock;
selecting the scions: in an open-air Chinese rose planting area in a normal rainfall area in Yaan city, selecting excellent Chinese rose plants which have perfect petals, beautiful flower types, rich and excellent flower fragrance, a large number of single-plant flowers, multi-season repeated flowering and no diseases and insects in Chinese rose clusters stored after multiple heavy rainfall in a tree age of more than 3 years, and collecting flower buds on the plants as scion stock plants;
collecting scions: selecting and shearing branches which are strong in growth and have flowers just opened from a scion stock plant, pruning and selecting a middle area with bud points on the branches as a scion, cutting the scion, longitudinally cutting off 1.2 cm, and taking exposure of the white wood as a standard, wherein the cut is smooth and regular;
and (3) scion treatment: soaking the cut scions in a nutrient solution, and storing the scions in an environment with the temperature of 8 ℃ for later use;
grafting: performing incision treatment on the rootstock; taking a scion, inserting the scion into a cut of a stock, aligning a longitudinal cutting surface of the scion with the cut of the stock, and then binding the scion and the grafting film together;
planting: planting the grafted stock seedling in a high-cylinder mud pot, firstly paving a layer of coarse soil at the bottom of the pot, then putting soil for cuttage into the pot to serve as pot soil, putting the high-cylinder mud pot into a holding pot, and arranging a heat-preservation cover at the top of the holding pot;
irrigating after planting: in one week after grafting, 2 cm of water is poured at the bottom of the basin of the containing basin every two days and is sucked by a drain hole at the bottom of the high-cylinder mud basin; 2 cm of water-soluble fertilizer diluent is poured at the bottom of the pot every 5 days within 3 weeks of grafting; when the sprout grows to 4 cm long, the newspaper can be torn off;
basin separation: the plastic film can be removed after the leaves growing out of the new buds are unfolded, and the plastic film is separated after being placed in the open air for one month. A layer of coarse soil is paved at the bottom of the flowerpot, and organic fertilizer is paved at the top of the coarse soil.
Comparative example 3
Selecting the rootstock: in a semiarid region with the lowest temperature of below-10 ℃ to below-24 ℃ in Wuluqiqi city, selecting a wild rosa glandulifera plant with cold resistance, sun resistance, developed root system, drought resistance and barrenness resistance as a stock;
selecting the scions: in an open-air Chinese rose planting area in a normal rainfall area in Yaan city, selecting excellent Chinese rose plants which have perfect petals, beautiful flower types, rich and excellent flower fragrance, a large number of single-plant flowers, multi-season repeated flowering and no diseases and insects in Chinese rose clusters stored after multiple heavy rainfall in a tree age of more than 3 years, and collecting flower buds on the plants as scion stock plants;
collecting scions: selecting and shearing branches which are strong in growth and have flowers just opened from a scion stock plant, pruning and selecting a middle area with bud points on the branches as a scion, cutting the scion, longitudinally cutting off 1.2 cm, and taking exposure of the white wood as a standard, wherein the cut is smooth and regular;
and (3) scion treatment: soaking the cut scions in clear water for later use;
grafting: performing incision treatment on the rootstock; taking a scion, inserting the scion into a cut of a stock, aligning a longitudinal cutting surface of the scion with the cut of the stock, and then binding the scion and the grafting film together;
planting: planting the grafted stock seedling in a high-cylinder mud pot, firstly paving a layer of coarse soil at the bottom of the pot, then putting soil for cuttage into the pot to serve as pot soil, putting the high-cylinder mud pot into a holding pot, and arranging a heat-preservation cover at the top of the holding pot;
irrigating after planting: in one week after grafting, 2 cm of water is poured at the bottom of the basin of the containing basin every two days and is sucked by a drain hole at the bottom of the high-cylinder mud basin; 2 cm of water-soluble fertilizer diluent is poured at the bottom of the pot every 5 days within 3 weeks of grafting; when the sprout grows to 4 cm long, the newspaper can be torn off;
basin separation: the plastic film can be removed after the leaves growing out of the new buds are unfolded, and the plastic film is separated after being placed in the open air for one month. A layer of coarse soil is paved at the bottom of the flowerpot, and organic fertilizer is paved at the top of the coarse soil.
Comparative examples 1-3 the survival rates for cultivated roses prepared according to the comparative examples are shown in table 2 below:
TABLE 2
| Total number of grafted seedlings | Number of cultivated survival seedlings | Cultivation survival rate | |
| Comparative example 1 | 100 | 46 | 69％ |
| Comparative example 2 | 100 | 50 | 74％ |
| Comparative example 3 | 100 | 56 | 64％ |
In conclusion, it can be seen from table 2 that the survival rate in the culture of comparative example 3 is close to that of the control group of the conventional culture, and the survival rates in the culture of comparative example 1 and comparative example 2 are also significantly lower than that of example 3, and thus it can be seen that the effect of improving the survival rate in the culture by placing the collected scions in the nutrient solution is greater than the effect of improving the survival rate in the culture by using the ultraviolet irradiation after the scion collection.
The inventor of the present application cultivates the excellent cold-resistant Chinese rose variety cultivated by the method of the present invention in a child park test field in Harbin city, and the survival rate is much higher than that of the Chinese rose variety obtained by other cultivation methods, as shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 2 and FIG. 3.
In conclusion, the wild rosa glandulifera plants with cold resistance, sun resistance, developed root systems, drought resistance and barreness resistance are adopted as the stocks, the rosa chinensis with rain resistance, insect resistance and beautiful flower type is adopted as the scion stock plants, and the excellent rosa chinensis variety integrating the advantages of cold resistance, sun resistance, developed root systems, drought resistance, barreness resistance, rain resistance, insect resistance, beautiful flower type, rich and excellent flower fragrance, a large number of single flowers and repeated blossoming in multiple seasons is obtained through grafting cultivation; the cut scions are placed in the nutrient solution for soaking and refrigeration, so that the condition that part of the scions are exposed in the air or placed in clear water for a long time and lose activity due to large workload in the grafting operation, and the cultivation survival rate is low can be effectively avoided; use thick iron wire and transparent plastic film to build simple and easy heat preservation cover, when for cultivating the greenhouse environment that provides, reduce and cultivate the cost.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for cultivating a low-cost excellent variety of cold-resistant Chinese roses comprises the following steps:
selecting the rootstock: selecting a wild rosa glandulifera plant with cold resistance, sun resistance, developed root system, drought resistance and barrenness resistance as a stock in a semiarid region with the lowest temperature of Xinjiang being below-10 ℃ to-24 ℃;
selecting the scions: in an open-air Chinese rose planting area in a Sichuan basin heavy rainfall area, selecting excellent Chinese rose plants which have perfect petals, beautiful flower types, rich and excellent flower fragrance, a large number of single-plant flowers, multi-season repeated flowering and no diseases and insects in Chinese rose clusters stored after multiple heavy rainfall in a tree age of more than 3 years, and collecting flower buds on the plants as scion stock plants;
collecting scions: selecting and shearing branches which are strong in growth and have flowers just opened from a stock plant of the scion, pruning and selecting a middle area with bud points on the branches as the scion, cutting the scion, and longitudinally cutting off 1-1.3 cm, wherein the cut is smooth and regular based on exposure of the white wood;
and (3) scion treatment: soaking the cut scions in a nutrient solution, storing the scions in an environment with the temperature of 4-8 ℃ for use, and irradiating the nutrient solution and the scions by using an ultraviolet lamp in the soaking process;
grafting: performing incision treatment on the rootstock; taking a scion, inserting the scion into a cut of a stock, aligning a longitudinal cutting surface of the scion with the cut of the stock, and then binding the scion and the grafting film together;
planting: planting the grafted stock seedling in a high-cylinder mud pot, firstly paving a layer of coarse soil at the bottom of the pot, then putting soil for cuttage into the pot to serve as pot soil, putting the high-cylinder mud pot into a holding pot, and arranging a heat-preservation cover at the top of the holding pot;
irrigating after planting: in one week after grafting, 1-2 cm of water is poured at the bottom of the basin for containing the mud every two days and is sucked by a drain hole at the bottom of the high-cylinder mud basin; pouring 1-2 cm of water-soluble fertilizer diluent at the bottom of the pot every 3-5 days within 2-3 weeks of grafting; when the sprout grows to 3.5-4 cm long, the newspaper can be torn off;
basin separation: the plastic film can be removed after the leaves growing out of the new buds are unfolded, and the plastic film is separated after being placed in the open air for one month. A layer of coarse soil is paved at the bottom of the flowerpot, and organic fertilizer is paved at the top of the coarse soil.
2. The method for cultivating a low-cost good variety of cold-resistant China rose according to claim 1, wherein in the step of selecting the rootstock, the rootstock needs to be pretreated, and the pretreatment of the rootstock is to cut off the root of the rootstock, which is far away from the root of the rootstock, which is 4-5 cm away from the branch of the rootstock.
3. The method for cultivating the cold-resistant China rose low-cost excellent variety according to claim 2, wherein the grafting step specifically cuts the rootstock as follows: a relatively straight side face is selected at a position 5-6 cm away from the ground of the rootstock, the upper inclined plane of the rootstock is cut off by a grafting knife, and a cut of 1-1.3 cm is cut downwards.
4. The method for cultivating the cold-resistant China rose low-cost good variety according to claim 3, wherein the preparation method of the heat preservation cover in the planting step is as follows:
and (3) building a framework at the top opening of the containing basin by using thick iron wires, covering the thick iron wire framework with a transparent plastic film, and tightening the opening of the transparent plastic film by using a rope for sealing to obtain the heat-insulating cover.
5. The method for cultivating a low-cost good variety of cold-resistant China roses according to claim 1, wherein the nutrient solution in the scion treatment step comprises solution A and solution B, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
according to the weight ratio of (125- & lt140-): (10-15): weighing calcium nitrate, ferrous sulfate and a first part of tap water according to a proportion of 1000, heating the first part of tap water to 30-38 ℃, dissolving the ferrous sulfate and then dissolving the calcium nitrate by using the heated first part of tap water, and stirring the mixture while adding the first part of tap water until the mixture is uniformly dissolved to obtain a solution A;
according to the weight ratio of (35-40): (25-30): (36-42): (0.4-0.7): (0.2-0.6): (0.002-0.006): (0.003-0.005): weighing magnesium sulfate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium nitrate, boric acid, manganese sulfate, copper sulfate, zinc sulfate and a second part of tap water according to the proportion of 1000, sequentially adding the magnesium sulfate, the ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, the potassium nitrate, the boric acid, the manganese sulfate, the copper sulfate and the zinc sulfate into the second part of tap water, and stirring while adding until the magnesium sulfate, the ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, the potassium nitrate, the boric acid, the manganese sulfate, the copper sulfate and the zinc sulfate are uniformly dissolved to obtain;
according to the following steps of 1: weighing the solution A and the solution B according to the weight ratio of 1, and fully stirring and mixing to obtain the nutrient solution.
6. The method for cultivating a low-cost good variety of cold-resistant China roses according to claim 1, wherein the nutrient solution in the scion treatment step comprises solution A and solution B, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
according to the weight ratio of 125: 10: weighing calcium nitrate, ferrous sulfate and a first part of tap water according to a proportion of 1000, heating the first part of tap water to 30 ℃, dissolving the ferrous sulfate and then dissolving the calcium nitrate by using the heated first part of tap water, and stirring the mixture while adding the first part of tap water until the mixture is uniformly dissolved to obtain a solution A;
according to the weight ratio of 35: 25: 36: 0.4: 0.2: 0.002: 0.003: weighing magnesium sulfate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium nitrate, boric acid, manganese sulfate, copper sulfate, zinc sulfate and a second part of tap water according to the proportion of 1000, sequentially adding the magnesium sulfate, the ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, the potassium nitrate, the boric acid, the manganese sulfate, the copper sulfate and the zinc sulfate into the second part of tap water, and stirring while adding until the magnesium sulfate, the ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, the potassium nitrate, the boric acid, the manganese sulfate, the copper sulfate and the zinc sulfate are uniformly dissolved to obtain;
according to the following steps of 1: weighing the solution A and the solution B according to the weight ratio of 1, and fully stirring and mixing to obtain the nutrient solution.
7. The method for cultivating a low-cost good variety of cold-resistant China roses according to claim 1, wherein the nutrient solution in the scion treatment step comprises solution A and solution B, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
according to the weight ratio of 140: 15: weighing calcium nitrate, ferrous sulfate and a first part of tap water according to a proportion of 1000, heating the first part of tap water to 38 ℃, dissolving the ferrous sulfate and then dissolving the calcium nitrate by using the heated first part of tap water, and stirring while adding the first part of tap water until the first part of tap water is uniformly dissolved to obtain a solution A;
according to the weight ratio of 40: 30: 42: 0.7: 0.6: 0.006: 0.005: weighing magnesium sulfate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium nitrate, boric acid, manganese sulfate, copper sulfate, zinc sulfate and a second part of tap water according to the proportion of 1000, sequentially adding the magnesium sulfate, the ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, the potassium nitrate, the boric acid, the manganese sulfate, the copper sulfate and the zinc sulfate into the second part of tap water, and stirring while adding until the magnesium sulfate, the ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, the potassium nitrate, the boric acid, the manganese sulfate, the copper sulfate and the zinc sulfate are uniformly dissolved to obtain;
according to the following steps of 1: weighing the solution A and the solution B according to the weight ratio of 1, and fully stirring and mixing to obtain the nutrient solution.
8. The method for cultivating a low-cost good variety of cold-resistant China roses according to claim 1, wherein the nutrient solution in the scion treatment step comprises solution A and solution B, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
according to the weight ratio of 137: 13: weighing calcium nitrate, ferrous sulfate and a first part of tap water according to a proportion of 1000, heating the first part of tap water to 34 ℃, dissolving the ferrous sulfate and then dissolving the calcium nitrate by using the heated first part of tap water, and stirring the mixture while adding the first part of tap water until the mixture is uniformly dissolved to obtain a solution A;
according to the weight ratio of 37: 27: 39: 0.55: 0.4: 0.004: 0.004: weighing magnesium sulfate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium nitrate, boric acid, manganese sulfate, copper sulfate, zinc sulfate and a second part of tap water according to the proportion of 1000, sequentially adding the magnesium sulfate, the ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, the potassium nitrate, the boric acid, the manganese sulfate, the copper sulfate and the zinc sulfate into the second part of tap water, and stirring while adding until the magnesium sulfate, the ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, the potassium nitrate, the boric acid, the manganese sulfate, the copper sulfate and the zinc sulfate are uniformly dissolved to obtain;
according to the following steps of 1: weighing the solution A and the solution B according to the weight ratio of 1, and fully stirring and mixing to obtain the nutrient solution.
9. The method for cultivating the cold-resistant China rose low-cost good variety according to the claims 1-8, wherein the preparation method of the water-soluble fertilizer diluent in the irrigation step after planting is as follows:
according to the following steps of 1: weighing water-soluble fertilizer powder and tap water according to the weight ratio of 1400;
and fully stirring and mixing the water-soluble fertilizer powder and tap water to obtain the water-soluble fertilizer diluent.
10. The method for cultivating a low-cost good variety of cold-resistant China rose according to claim 1, wherein the wavelength of the ultraviolet lamp is 10 to 400 nm.
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