CN112514725A - Cultivation method for fruiting crisp jujube in batches for more than one year in mid-autumn - Google Patents
Cultivation method for fruiting crisp jujube in batches for more than one year in mid-autumn Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
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Abstract
The invention provides a cultivation method for fruiting crisp dates in batches more than one year in mid-autumn. The cultivation method for fruiting the mid-autumn crispy dates in batches for more than one year comprises the following steps: when the length of the sprout reaches 10-15cm, reserving one jujube head for each extension branch, and performing pinching treatment on the rest branches, and reserving lignified jujube hangers and non-lignified jujube hangers as first batch of fruit branches; when the jujube head grows to 4-5 secondary branches, reserving 3-4 secondary branches as second batch of fruiting branches, and carrying out pinching treatment on the rest branches; performing front-end truncation at the second or third bud of each jujube head top secondary branch, hanging and cutting the jujube below the current bud, reserving 3-5 leaves, and then performing sprout promoting and fertilizing to promote new shoots and promote new branches; and reserving 2-3 secondary branches of the jujube head promoting the new branch, pinching the rest branches, and reserving the lignified jujube tree and the secondary branches as the third batch of fruiting branches. The cultivation method provided by the application can prolong the maturation time, prolong the shelf life, increase the yield and improve the quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of fruit tree cultivation, in particular to a cultivation method for fruiting crisp jujubes in batches in mid-autumn for more than one year.
Background
The mid-autumn crispy jujube (see a new jujube variety 'mid-autumn crispy jujube', 'Horticulture' 2009, 36 (5): 771, Wangxen, etc.) is a main cultivation variety of fresh eating jujube in south, has the characteristics of small core, thin skin, crispy meat, high sugar content, etc., and has good market prospect. The southern area has sufficient heat, and provides sufficient conditions for the ripening of multiple batches of jujube fruits.
Although the prior art researches the multi-batch results of southern fresh-eating jujubes, the mid-autumn crispy jujubes do not form a stable technical system, and further research and improvement are needed to obtain excellent results in the aspects of yield, quality, production period and the like.
In view of this, the present application is specifically made.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a cultivation method for fruiting crisp jujube in mid-autumn by more than one year in batches, so as to solve the problems.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a cultivation method for fruiting mid-autumn crispy dates in batches of more than one year comprises the following steps:
when the length of the new bud of the jujube tree reaches 10-15cm, reserving one jujube head for each extension branch, performing pinching treatment on the rest branches, and reserving lignified jujube hangers and non-lignified jujube hangers as first batch of fruit branches;
when the jujube head grows to 4-5 secondary branches, reserving 3-4 secondary branches as second batch of fruit branches, and performing pinching treatment on the rest branches;
performing front-end short-cut at the second or third bud of the secondary branch at the top end of each jujube head in 7 months, hanging and cutting the jujube below the current bud, reserving 3-5 leaves, and then performing young shoot promoting fertilization to promote new branches;
and reserving 2-3 secondary branches of the jujube heads promoting the new branches, performing pinching treatment on the rest branches, and reserving lignified jujube hangers and the secondary branches as third batch of fruiting branches.
Preferably, the cultivation method further comprises:
pruning the jujube trees one week after the leaves of the jujube trees fall and before the jujube trees sprout;
preferably, the trimming comprises: reserving 7-8 extension branches per square meter according to the area of a crown, reserving 2-3 bud points for each extension branch, and enabling the interval of bud mouths at the top end to be 35-60 cm.
Alternatively, 7 or 8 extended branches per square meter of the area of the crown are reserved, 2 or 3 bud points are reserved for each extended branch, and the interval of the top bud mouths can be any value between 35cm, 40cm, 45cm, 50cm, 55cm, 60cm and 35-60 cm.
Preferably, before 2 months end each year, 1.5-2kg of organic fertilizer is applied to produce 1kg of fresh jujubes for fertilization;
preferably, 50-100kg of phosphate fertilizer is applied per mu while the organic fertilizer is applied;
preferably, the depth of the fertilization is 50-80 cm.
Alternatively, the amount of organic fertilizer applied per 1kg of fresh jujube produced may be any one of 1.5kg, 1.6kg, 1.7kg, 1.8kg, 1.9kg, 2kg and 1.5-2 kg; the amount of phosphate fertilizer applied may be any of 50kg, 60kg, 70kg, 80kg, 90kg, 100kg and between 50-100 kg; the depth of the fertilization is any value between 50cm, 60cm, 70cm, 80cm and 50-80 cm.
Preferably, when obtaining the first batch of fruit branches, the method further comprises:
and (3) removing the jujube hangers on partial jujube strands to ensure that the distance interval between every two jujube strands is not less than 15cm, and continuously removing the newly grown jujube heads.
Alternatively, the distance interval of each jujube strand may be any suitable value not less than 15cm, such as 15cm, 20cm, 25cm, 30cm, etc.
Preferably, the cultivation method further comprises:
opening nail on the trunk from 5 months and 25 days to 6 months and 5 days;
preferably, the width of the nail opening is one tenth to one twelfth of the diameter of the trunk.
Alternatively, the width of the nail opening may be one tenth, one eleventh or one tenth and any value between one tenth and one twelfth of the diameter of the trunk.
Preferably, the cultivation method further comprises:
topdressing nitrogen phosphorus potassium water soluble fertilizer twice in 15 days of 6 months to 15 days of 7 months at an interval of 15 to 20 days;
preferably, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in the first dressing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium water-soluble fertilizer is respectively 10-20 wt%, 10-20 wt% and 25-35 wt%, and the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in the second dressing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium water-soluble fertilizer is respectively 15-25 wt%;
preferably, the amount of fertilizer application is 3-5 kg/mu per time.
Preferably, the sprout promoting fertilization comprises:
respectively applying nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium water-soluble fertilizer and urea according to the amount of 3-5 kg/mu, and then additionally applying the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium water-soluble fertilizer according to the amount of 3-5 kg/mu at intervals of 15-20 days; fertilizing once again according to the scheme after 15-20 days;
preferably, the content of the phosphorus element in the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium water-soluble fertilizer is not less than 20 wt%.
Alternatively, the number of days in the interval may be any of 15 days, 16 days, 17 days, 18 days, 19 days, 20 days, and 15 to 20 days; the amount of fertilizer application per time can be any value of 3 kg/mu, 4 kg/mu, 5 kg/mu and 3-5 kg/mu.
Preferably, when the third batch of flowers bloom to one third to one half, spraying the flower and fruit retention agent;
preferably, the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium water-soluble fertilizer is applied once in 10 days in 8 months to 15 days in 8 months, and the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium water-soluble fertilizer is respectively 5-15 wt%, 5-15 wt% and 25-35 wt%.
Preferably, after the third batch of fruits are set, combing the fruits;
preferably, after the fruit combing, the number of fruits below each leaf is not more than 3.
Preferably, the cultivation method further comprises the control of pests and diseases;
preferably, the diseases and pests include one or more of blackhead disease, fruit shrink disease, anthracnose and jujube rust disease, and the pests include one or more of jujube gall midge, prodenia litura, anoplophora chinensis, thrips, bactrocera dorsalis and red spider.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the cultivation method for the mid-autumn crispy dates to bear fruits in batches for more than one year, pinching treatment, front end truncation, new branch promoting, new tip promoting fertilization and other measures are carried out at proper time, the date heads, the secondary branches and the bud mouths are optimized, the first, the second and the third fruit branches are obtained respectively, the growth state of the date trees is optimized, the nutrition is distributed reasonably and concentrated to the fruit branches, and therefore the effects of more than one year batch of fruits, high fruit yield and low fruit cracking rate are achieved.
Detailed Description
The terms as used herein:
"prepared from … …" is synonymous with "comprising". The terms "comprises," "comprising," "includes," "including," "has," "having," "contains," "containing," or any other variation thereof, as used herein, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a composition, process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements is not necessarily limited to only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such composition, process, method, article, or apparatus.
The conjunction "consisting of … …" excludes any unspecified elements, steps or components. If used in a claim, the phrase is intended to claim as closed, meaning that it does not contain materials other than those described, except for the conventional impurities associated therewith. When the phrase "consisting of … …" appears in a clause of the subject matter of the claims rather than immediately after the subject matter, it defines only the elements described in the clause; other elements are not excluded from the claims as a whole.
When an amount, concentration, or other value or parameter is expressed as a range, preferred range, or as a range of upper preferable values and lower preferable values, this is to be understood as specifically disclosing all ranges formed from any pair of any upper range limit or preferred value and any lower range limit or preferred value, regardless of whether ranges are separately disclosed. For example, when the range "1 ~ 5" is disclosed, the ranges described should be construed to include the ranges "1 ~ 4", "1 ~ 3", "1 ~ 2 and 4 ~ 5", "1 ~ 3 and 5", and the like. When a range of values is described herein, unless otherwise stated, the range is intended to include the endpoints thereof and all integers and fractions within the range.
In these examples, the parts and percentages are by mass unless otherwise indicated.
"part by mass" means a basic unit of measure indicating a mass ratio of a plurality of components, and 1 part may represent any unit mass, for example, 1g or 2.689 g. If we say that the part by mass of the component A is a part by mass and the part by mass of the component B is B part by mass, the ratio of the part by mass of the component A to the part by mass of the component B is a: b. alternatively, the mass of the A component is aK and the mass of the B component is bK (K is an arbitrary number, and represents a multiple factor). It is unmistakable that, unlike the parts by mass, the sum of the parts by mass of all the components is not limited to 100 parts.
"and/or" is used to indicate that one or both of the illustrated conditions may occur, e.g., a and/or B includes (a and B) and (a or B).
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific examples, but those skilled in the art will appreciate that the following examples are only illustrative of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a cultivation method for fruiting more than one year in batches of mid-autumn crispy dates, which comprises the following steps:
1. the jujube garden type can be implemented:
the mid-autumn crispy jujube garden with good conditions and more than 3 years of growth has the tree shape of an open heart type or a layered small crown type, the trunk diameter is more than 5cm, jujube witches broom does not exist, and the conditions of drainage and irrigation in the garden are good; or the new jujube orchard can be implemented in the next year.
2. Garden soil type:
red soil, yellow soil, red brown soil, loam, sandy loam or purple shale soil.
3. Clearing the garden in winter:
after the leaves of the jujube trees fall, the fallen fruits, the sick and insect fruits, the fallen leaves of the dead branches, the weeds and the like on the ground of the jujube garden are transported out of the garden to be intensively destroyed, and a lime sulphur mixture with the concentration of 5 baume degree is sprayed on the whole garden once to scrape the old bark of the trunk and coat the trunk with white.
4. Fertilizing time:
in late autumn and early winter, the time is no more than 2 months at the latest. 1.5kg of fully decomposed organic fertilizer is added to 1kg of fresh jujube per production, and 100kg of phosphate fertilizer is applied to each mu. The method can be annular fertilization, radial fertilization, strip fertilization, multi-hole fertilization, etc., and the fertilization depth is 50 cm.
5. Pruning in winter:
the time is one week after the jujube trees fall leaves and before sprouting, 8 extension branches are reserved on each jujube tree according to the area of a crown per square, 2 bud points are reserved on each extension branch, and the rest branches are completely removed. The remained extension branches are uniformly distributed, and are not crossed or densely extruded, and the bud mouths at the top end are spaced by more than 40 cm.
6. Bud picking in spring:
4, 10 days in month 4 to 25 days in month 4, wherein the average sprout length of the jujube tree is about 10 cm. And (3) reserving a robust jujube head on each extension branch, performing heavy pinching treatment on the rest branches, reserving lignified jujube hangers and non-lignified jujube hangers as first batch of fruiting branches, and wiping off the jujube hangers on partial jujube strands to ensure that the distance between every two jujube strands is more than 15cm, and continuously wiping off new jujube heads except the reserved jujube heads in the period.
7. Pinching:
5-15 days in 5 months, when the jujube head grows to 5 secondary branches, reserving 3 secondary branches as second batch of fruiting branches, and carrying out pinching treatment on the rest branches.
8. Opening a shell:
and 5, 25 days in 5 months to 5 days in 6 months, performing nail cutting on the trunk, wherein the nail cutting width is one tenth of the diameter of the trunk.
9. Topdressing:
15 days in 6 months to 15 days in 7 months, when the second batch of fruits and the first batch of fruits have the size of soybeans, topdressing is started, 15 wt% and 30 wt% of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements are fertilized once at intervals of 15 days, 20 wt% and 20 wt% of balanced water soluble fertilizer is fertilized once, and 5kg of fertilizer is fertilized once per mu; for a total of 2 times.
10. Promoting growth and bearing branches:
10.1 cutting short above the second or third healthy bud of the secondary branch at the top end of each jujube head of the current branch, reserving leaves below the current bud, and hanging and cutting short the jujubes below the current bud and reserving 5 leaves.
10.2 promoting young shoots and fertilizing:
after pruning, applying balanced water soluble fertilizer with the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements of 20 wt%, 20 wt% and urea of 3kg and 5kg per mu at intervals of 15 days; for a total of 2 times.
10.3, pinching new tips:
and (3) reserving 1 secondary branch of the newly promoted date head for pinching, and using the reserved lignified date hanger and the secondary branch as a third batch of fruiting branches.
11. Spraying a flower and fruit retention agent:
after one third of the flowers in the third batch, the sugar alcohol boron plus the plant growth regulator of Bibao brand is sprayed once.
12. Topdressing:
and (4) applying the medium-nitrogen low-phosphorus high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer once in 8 months and 10 days to 8 months and 15 days.
13. Thinning fruits: after the third batch of fruits are set, the fruit hanging quantity of partial jujubes is large, partial fruit combing is needed, the fruit is not crowded, the fruits are large in size and the fruit types are mellow. In principle, the number of fruit trees below each leaf does not exceed 3.
14. Pest control
Main diseases: blackhead disease, fruit shrink disease, anthracnose, jujube rust disease;
the prevention and treatment medicament comprises: thiophanate-methyl, mancozeb, chlorothalonil, 30% SC of mebendazole, 37% EW of pentoxazole, 40% SC of mebendazole, flusilazole, ethaconazole, sodium nitrophenolate, polypeptide calcium magnesium, 20% WG of copper acetate, zhongshengmycin and other bactericides.
Main insect pests: jujube cecidomyiia, prodenia litura, anoplophora chinensis, thrips, citrus fruit fly, red spider;
the control method comprises the following steps: abamectin, pymetrozine 80% DF, imidacloprid, lambda-cyhalothrin, cyromazine and other insecticides, and is provided with a mosquito eradication lamp and a trap board. The red spider can be controlled by acaricides such as abamectin pyridaben, abamectin etoxazole and abamectin spirodiclofen, and the red spider can be controlled by wrapping the periphery of the trunk with an insect-proof adhesive tape when dry seasons arrive.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a cultivation method for fruiting more than one year in batches of mid-autumn crispy dates, which comprises the following steps:
1. the jujube garden type can be implemented:
the mid-autumn crispy jujube garden with good conditions and more than 3 years of growth has the tree shape of an open heart type or a layered small crown type, the trunk diameter is more than 5cm, jujube witches broom does not exist, and the conditions of drainage and irrigation in the garden are good; or the new jujube orchard can be implemented in the next year.
2. Garden soil type:
red soil, yellow soil, red brown soil, loam, sandy loam or purple shale soil.
3. Clearing the garden in winter:
after the leaves of the jujube trees fall, the fallen fruits, the sick and insect fruits, the fallen leaves of the dead branches, the weeds and the like on the ground of the jujube garden are transported out of the garden to be intensively destroyed, and a lime sulphur mixture with the concentration of 5 baume degree is sprayed on the whole garden once to scrape the old bark of the trunk and coat the trunk with white.
4. Fertilizing time:
in late autumn and early winter, the time is no more than 2 months at the latest. 2kg of fully decomposed organic fertilizer is added to 1kg of fresh jujubes per production, and 50kg of phosphate fertilizer is applied to each mu. The method can be annular fertilization, radial fertilization, strip fertilization, multi-hole fertilization, etc., and the fertilization depth is 80 cm.
5. Pruning in winter:
the time is one week after the jujube trees fall leaves and before sprouting, 7 extension branches are reserved for each jujube tree according to the area of a crown per square, 3 bud points are reserved for each extension branch, and the rest branches are completely removed. The remained extension branches are uniformly distributed, and are not crossed or densely extruded, and the bud mouths at the top end are spaced by more than 35 cm.
6. Bud picking in spring:
4, 10 days in month 4 to 25 days in month 4, wherein the average sprout length of the jujube tree is about 10 cm. And (3) reserving a robust jujube head on each extension branch, performing heavy pinching treatment on the rest branches, reserving lignified jujube hangers and non-lignified jujube hangers as first batch of fruiting branches, and wiping off the jujube hangers on partial jujube strands to ensure that the distance between every two jujube strands is more than 15cm, and continuously wiping off new jujube heads except the reserved jujube heads in the period.
7. Pinching:
5-15 days in 5 months, when the jujube head grows to 6 secondary branches, reserving 4 secondary branches as second batch of fruiting branches, and carrying out pinching treatment on the rest branches.
8. Opening a shell:
and 5, 25 days in 5 months to 5 days in 6 months, performing nail cutting on the trunk, wherein the nail cutting width is one eighth of the diameter of the trunk.
9. Topdressing:
15 days in 6 months to 15 days in 7 months, when the second batch of fruits and the first batch of fruits have the size of soybeans, topdressing is started, 15 wt% and 30 wt% of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements are fertilized once at intervals of 15 days, 20 wt% and 20 wt% of balanced water soluble fertilizer is fertilized once, and 3kg of fertilizer is fertilized each mu each time; for a total of 2 times.
10. Promoting growth and bearing branches:
10.1 cutting short above the second or third healthy bud of the secondary branch at the top end of each jujube head of the current branch, reserving leaves below the current bud, and hanging and cutting short the jujubes below the current bud and reserving 3 leaves.
10.2 promoting young shoots and fertilizing:
after pruning, 5kg of balanced water soluble fertilizer and 3kg of urea with the elements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium accounting for 20 wt%, 20 wt% and 20 wt% are additionally applied for each mu at intervals of 20 days; for a total of 2 times.
10.3, pinching new tips:
and (3) reserving 2 secondary branches for pinching the newly promoted date head, and using the reserved lignified date hanger and the secondary branches as the third batch of fruiting branches.
11. Spraying a flower and fruit retention agent:
after one third of the flowers in the third batch, the sugar alcohol boron plus the plant growth regulator of Bibao brand is sprayed once.
12. Topdressing:
and (4) applying the medium-nitrogen low-phosphorus high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer once in 8 months and 10 days to 8 months and 15 days.
13. Thinning fruits: after the third batch of fruits are set, the fruit hanging quantity of partial jujubes is large, partial fruit combing is needed, the fruit is not crowded, the fruits are large in size and the fruit types are mellow. In principle, the number of fruit trees below each leaf does not exceed 3.
14. Pest control
Main diseases: blackhead disease, fruit shrink disease, anthracnose, jujube rust disease;
the prevention and treatment medicament comprises: thiophanate-methyl, mancozeb, chlorothalonil, 30% SC of mebendazole, 37% EW of pentoxazole, 40% SC of mebendazole, flusilazole, ethaconazole, sodium nitrophenolate, polypeptide calcium magnesium, 20% WG of copper acetate, zhongshengmycin and other bactericides.
Main insect pests: jujube cecidomyiia, prodenia litura, anoplophora chinensis, thrips, citrus fruit fly, red spider;
the control method comprises the following steps: abamectin, pymetrozine 80% DF, imidacloprid, lambda-cyhalothrin, cyromazine and other insecticides, and is provided with a mosquito eradication lamp and a trap board. The red spider can be controlled by acaricides such as abamectin pyridaben, abamectin etoxazole and abamectin spirodiclofen, and the red spider can be controlled by wrapping the periphery of the trunk with an insect-proof adhesive tape when dry seasons arrive.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a cultivation method for fruiting more than one year in batches of mid-autumn crispy dates, which comprises the following steps:
1. the jujube garden type can be implemented:
the mid-autumn crispy jujube garden with good conditions and more than 3 years of growth has the tree shape of an open heart type or a layered small crown type, the trunk diameter is more than 5cm, jujube witches broom does not exist, and the conditions of drainage and irrigation in the garden are good; or the new jujube orchard can be implemented in the next year.
2. Garden soil type:
red soil, yellow soil, red brown soil, loam, sandy loam or purple shale soil.
3. Clearing the garden in winter:
after the leaves of the jujube trees fall, the fallen fruits, the sick and insect fruits, the fallen leaves of the dead branches, the weeds and the like on the ground of the jujube garden are transported out of the garden to be intensively destroyed, and a lime sulphur mixture with the concentration of 5 baume degree is sprayed on the whole garden once to scrape the old bark of the trunk and coat the trunk with white.
4. Fertilizing time:
in late autumn and early winter, the time is no more than 2 months at the latest. 1.8kg of fully decomposed organic fertilizer is added to 1kg of fresh jujubes per production, and 80kg of phosphate fertilizer is applied to each mu. The method can be annular fertilization, radial fertilization, strip fertilization, multi-hole fertilization, etc., and the fertilization depth is 60 cm.
5. Pruning in winter:
the time is one week after the jujube trees fall leaves and before sprouting, 7 extension branches are reserved for each jujube tree according to the area of a crown per square, 3 bud points are reserved for each extension branch, and the rest branches are completely removed. The remained extension branches are uniformly distributed, are not crossed and densely extruded, and the bud mouths at the top end are spaced by more than 50 cm.
6. Bud picking in spring:
4, 10 days in month 4 to 25 days in month 4, wherein the average sprout length of the jujube tree is about 10 cm. And (3) reserving a robust jujube head on each extension branch, performing heavy pinching treatment on the rest branches, reserving lignified jujube hangers and non-lignified jujube hangers as first batch of fruiting branches, and wiping off the jujube hangers on partial jujube strands to ensure that the distance between every two jujube strands is more than 15cm, and continuously wiping off new jujube heads except the reserved jujube heads in the period.
7. Pinching:
5-15 days in 5 months, when the jujube head grows to 5 secondary branches, reserving 4 secondary branches as second batch of fruiting branches, and carrying out pinching treatment on the rest branches.
8. Opening a shell:
and 5, 25 days in 5 months to 5 days in 6 months, performing nail cutting on the trunk, wherein the nail cutting width is one ninth of the diameter of the trunk.
9. Topdressing:
15 days in 6 months to 15 days in 7 months, when the second batch of fruits and the first batch of fruits have the size of soybeans, topdressing is started, 15 wt% and 30 wt% of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements are fertilized once at intervals of 15 days, 20 wt% and 20 wt% of balanced water soluble fertilizer is fertilized once, and 4kg of fertilizer is fertilized each mu each time; for a total of 2 times.
10. Promoting growth and bearing branches:
10.1 cutting short above the second or third healthy bud mouth of the secondary branch at the top end of each jujube head of the current branch, reserving leaves below the current bud mouth, and hanging and cutting short the jujubes below the current bud mouth to reserve 4 leaves.
10.2 promoting young shoots and fertilizing:
after pruning, additionally applying balanced water soluble fertilizer with the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements of 20 wt%, 20 wt% and 4kg of urea for each mu at intervals of 18 days; for a total of 2 times.
10.3, pinching new tips:
and (3) reserving 2 secondary branches for pinching the newly promoted date head, and using the reserved lignified date hanger and the secondary branches as the third batch of fruiting branches.
11. Spraying a flower and fruit retention agent:
after one half of the third batch of flowers, the sugar alcohol boron plus the 'Bibao' brand plant growth regulator is sprayed once.
12. Topdressing:
and (4) applying the medium-nitrogen low-phosphorus high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer once in 8 months and 10 days to 8 months and 15 days.
13. Thinning fruits: after the third batch of fruits are set, the fruit hanging quantity of partial jujubes is large, partial fruit combing is needed, the fruit is not crowded, the fruits are large in size and the fruit types are mellow. In principle, the number of fruit trees below each leaf does not exceed 3.
14. Pest control
Main diseases: blackhead disease, fruit shrink disease, anthracnose, jujube rust disease;
the prevention and treatment medicament comprises: thiophanate-methyl, mancozeb, chlorothalonil, 30% SC of mebendazole, 37% EW of pentoxazole, 40% SC of mebendazole, flusilazole, ethaconazole, sodium nitrophenolate, polypeptide calcium magnesium, 20% WG of copper acetate, zhongshengmycin and other bactericides.
Main insect pests: jujube cecidomyiia, prodenia litura, anoplophora chinensis, thrips, citrus fruit fly, red spider; the control method comprises the following steps: abamectin, pymetrozine 80% DF, imidacloprid, lambda-cyhalothrin, cyromazine and other insecticides, and is provided with a mosquito eradication lamp and a trap board. The red spider can be controlled by acaricides such as abamectin pyridaben, abamectin etoxazole and abamectin spirodiclofen, and the red spider can be controlled by wrapping the periphery of the trunk with an insect-proof adhesive tape when dry seasons arrive.
Comparative example 1
Unlike example 1, in step 10.1, a cutting is performed above the fifth or sixth sound bud of the secondary branch at the top of each jujube head of the current year, i.e. 5 or 6 buds are reserved.
Comparative example 2
Different from the embodiment 1, in the step 10.3, 4-5 secondary branches are remained on the newly promoted date head for pinching, and the remained lignified date tree and the secondary branches are used as the third batch of fruiting branches.
Comparative example 3
The difference from example 1 is:
1. step 7, pinching, namely pinching 5 months and 15 days, and leaving 5-6 secondary branches when the jujube heads grow to 5-7 secondary branches, and pinching the rest;
2. step 8, opening the shell: performing two times of nail opening on the trunk, wherein the first time of nail opening is 5 months and 15 days to 5 months and 21 days, and the width of the first time of nail opening is one twentieth of the diameter of the trunk; the second nail opening time is from 5 months 20 days to 6 months 10 days, and the width of the nail opening is one tenth of the diameter of the trunk. The interval between two times of nail opening is ensured to be more than 15 days.
3. Step 10, promoting new branches, 11 promoting new shoot fertilizer, 12 picking new shoots, 13 spraying a flower and fruit retention agent and 15 combing fruits, wherein the five steps are not executed.
The data of the jujube fruit yield in 2018 and 2019 by the cultivation method used in the examples and the comparative examples are counted, and the results are shown in the following tables 1 and 2:
TABLE 1 statistics of yield per mu data of jujube fruit 2018 years
| 2018 years old | A batch of fruit kg | Two batches of fruit kg | Three batches of fruit kg | Percentage of fruit cracking% | Commercial fruit kg |
| Example 1 | 360 | 550 | 530 | 26 | 860 |
| Example 2 | 410 | 460 | 480 | 31 | 890 |
| Example 3 | 320 | 430 | 420 | 32 | 735 |
| Comparative example 1 | 120 | 330 | 79 | 18 | 240 |
| Comparative example 2 | 350 | 430 | 93 | 24 | 380 |
| Comparative example 3 | 450 | 560 | 30 | 54 | 340 |
TABLE 2 statistics of yield per mu data of jujube fruit 2019
| 2019 | A batch of fruit kg | Two batches of fruit kg | Three batches of fruit kg | Percentage of fruit cracking% | Commercial fruit kg |
| Example 1 | 330 | 630 | 500 | 29 | 780 |
| Example 2 | 430 | 360 | 450 | 33 | 730 |
| Example 3 | 450 | 430 | 410 | 34 | 690 |
| Comparative example 1 | 270 | 360 | 89 | 46 | 360 |
| Comparative example 2 | 320 | 460 | 80 | 48 | 419 |
| Comparative example 3 | 390 | 630 | 90 | 52 | 430 |
From the above tables 1 and 2, it can be seen that the yield of the third batch of fruits can be effectively increased by using the method for multi-batch fruiting, so that the fruit cracking rate can be effectively reduced, the commercial fruit rate can be improved, and the purpose of increasing both production and income can be achieved.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Furthermore, those skilled in the art will appreciate that while some embodiments herein include some features included in other embodiments, rather than other features, combinations of features of different embodiments are meant to be within the scope of the invention and form different embodiments. For example, in the claims above, any of the claimed embodiments may be used in any combination. The information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art.
Claims (10)
1. A cultivation method for fruiting more than one year of mid-autumn crispy dates in batches is characterized by comprising the following steps:
when the length of the new bud of the jujube tree reaches 10-15cm, reserving one jujube head for each extension branch, performing pinching treatment on the rest branches, and reserving lignified jujube hangers and non-lignified jujube hangers as first batch of fruit branches;
when the jujube head grows to 4-5 secondary branches, reserving 3-4 secondary branches as second batch of fruit branches, and performing pinching treatment on the rest branches;
performing front-end short-cut at the second or third bud of the secondary branch at the top end of each jujube head in 7 months, hanging and cutting the jujube below the current bud, reserving 3-5 leaves, and then performing young shoot promoting fertilization to promote new branches;
and reserving 2-3 secondary branches of the jujube heads promoting the new branches, performing pinching treatment on the rest branches, and reserving lignified jujube hangers and the secondary branches as third batch of fruiting branches.
2. The cultivation method according to claim 1, further comprising:
pruning the jujube trees one week after the leaves of the jujube trees fall and before the jujube trees sprout;
preferably, the trimming comprises: reserving 7-8 extension branches per square meter according to the area of a crown, reserving 2-3 bud points for each extension branch, and enabling the interval of bud mouths at the top end to be 35-60 cm.
3. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein before 2 months end per year, 1.5-2kg of organic fertilizer is applied per 1kg of fresh jujubes produced;
preferably, 50-100kg of phosphate fertilizer is applied per mu while the organic fertilizer is applied;
preferably, the depth of the fertilization is 50-80 cm.
4. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising, when obtaining the first batch of the fruit branches:
and (3) removing the jujube hangers on partial jujube strands to ensure that the distance interval between every two jujube strands is not less than 15cm, and continuously removing the newly grown jujube heads.
5. The cultivation method according to claim 1, further comprising:
opening nail on the trunk from 5 months and 25 days to 6 months and 5 days;
preferably, the width of the nail opening is one tenth to one twelfth of the diameter of the trunk.
6. The cultivation method according to claim 1, further comprising:
topdressing the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer twice at an interval of 15-20 days for 6-15 days to 7-15 days;
preferably, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in the first dressing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium water-soluble fertilizer is respectively 10-20 wt%, 10-20 wt% and 25-35 wt%, and the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in the second dressing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium water-soluble fertilizer is respectively 15-25 wt%;
preferably, the amount of fertilizer application is 3-5 kg/mu per time.
7. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sprout-promoting fertilization comprises:
respectively applying nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium water-soluble fertilizer and urea according to the amount of 3-5 kg/mu, and then additionally applying the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium water-soluble fertilizer according to the amount of 3-5 kg/mu at intervals of 15-20 days; fertilizing once again according to the scheme after 15-20 days;
preferably, the content of the phosphorus element in the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium water-soluble fertilizer is not less than 20 wt%.
8. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein when the third batch of flowers bloom to one third to one half, the flower and fruit retention agent is sprayed;
preferably, the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium water-soluble fertilizer is applied once in 10 days in 8 months to 15 days in 8 months, and the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium water-soluble fertilizer is respectively 5-15 wt%, 5-15 wt% and 25-35 wt%.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein after the third set of fruit is set, the fruit is combed;
preferably, after the fruit combing, the number of fruits below each leaf is not more than 3.
10. The cultivation method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, further comprising control of pests;
preferably, the diseases and pests include one or more of blackhead disease, fruit shrink disease, anthracnose and jujube rust disease, and the pests include one or more of jujube gall midge, prodenia litura, anoplophora chinensis, thrips, bactrocera dorsalis and red spider.
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