CN112400811A - Method for breeding dastarcus helophoroides on large scale by utilizing thyestillageblerifolius - Google Patents
Method for breeding dastarcus helophoroides on large scale by utilizing thyestillageblerifolius Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for breeding dastarcus helophoroides on a large scale by utilizing longhorned beetles, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) rejuvenating and feeding the dastarcus helophoroides adults; (2) inducing the adult dastarcus helophoroides subjected to the rejuvenation process to lay eggs and hatch the eggs to initially hatched larvae; (3) selecting healthy thyestillageblerifacldermann larvae without wound and pollution on body surface for sterilization treatment; (4) inoculating the larvae of the batocera lineolata into the larvae of the dastarcus helophoroides which are primarily hatched, and breeding the adults of the dastarcus helophoroides in a large scale. The parasitic rate of the primarily hatched larvae of dastarcus helophoroides on the larvae of thyestilla verticillata reaches more than 90%, and the eclosion rate of the imagoes of dastarcus helophoroides reaches more than 95%; by breeding host selection and reasonable inoculation ratio, the standardized scale breeding technology and the preservation capacity of breeding more than 10 ten thousand of dastarcus helophoroides adults and collecting more than 30 ten thousand of dastarcus helophoroides egg cards (the total number of eggs is about 3000 ten thousand) are realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of artificial breeding of natural enemy insects, in particular to a method for breeding dastarcus helophoroides on a large scale by using thyestilla verticillata.
Background
Dastarcus helophoroides (Dastarcus helophoroides) belong to the Coleoptera parasitoides, adults are the main forms of the Dastarcus helophoroides existing in the nature, and the service life of the adults can reach more than 3 years; the larval stage is extremely short, about one week; the pupal stage is 20-30 days. The dastarcus helophoroides larva can parasitize on various tree trunk-boring pests, such as larva and pupa of anoplophora glabripennis, monochamus alternatus, monochamus castanea, monochamus ferrugineus, phaeophycus carina, monochamus yunnanensis, monochamus sanguineus and the like, and the parasitization rate reaches 70-98%. The dastarcus helophoroides is one of the most effective natural enemy insects which are found to parasitize large longicorn, and has the characteristics of long service life, wide host range, long release period and the like. The biological control technology for controlling the longicorn by using the dastarcus helophoroides has the advantages of simple and convenient operation, labor and time conservation, good control effect, no harm to natural enemies in nature, no environmental pollution and the like, and can realize the sustainable control of pests.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems of overcoming the defects of the prior art, providing a method for breeding dastarcus helophoroides on a large scale by utilizing longhorns, overcoming the problems of insufficient hosts, small egg laying amount of adults and the like of artificially breeding dastarcus helophoroides, and providing a method for breeding dastarcus helophoroides on a large scale, improving the egg laying amount of adults and improving the parasitic rate of the dastarcus helophoroides.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a method for breeding dastarcus helophoroides on a large scale by utilizing longhorned beetles is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, rejuvenating and feeding the dastarcus helophoroides adults;
secondly, inducing the adult dastarcus helophoroides subjected to the rejuvenation process to lay eggs and hatching the eggs to be primarily hatched larvae;
then, selecting healthy thyestillageblerifacldermann larvae without wound and pollution on body surfaces to perform sterilization treatment;
and then, inoculating the primarily hatched larvae of dastarcus helophoroides by using the sterilized longicorn larvae, and breeding the adults of dastarcus helophoroides in a large scale.
The environmental temperature in the above process is 25 + -1 deg.C, and the humidity is 35-60%.
The rejuvenation and breeding method of the dastarcus helophoroides adults comprises the following steps:
collecting adult dastarcus helophoroides in the wild in the middle ten days of 10 months, bringing the adult dastarcus helophoroides back to the room, carrying the adult dastarcus helophoroides and the artificially bred fresh adult dastarcus helophoroides (selecting the adult dastarcus helophoroides with large size and strong vigor) in a mixed and cluster mode for feeding, so that the wild grown adult dastarcus helophoroides and the artificially bred adult dastarcus helophoroides can be fully mated, and feeding for about 30 days until the adult dastarcus helophoroides begin to lay eggs;
collecting pine sections with longicorn borers in the wild in the middle ten days of 10 months, bringing the pine sections back to the room, placing the collected fresh eggs of the dastarcus helophoroides beside the longicorn borers, culturing at the constant temperature of 25 ℃, splitting a small number of pine sections after about 30 days to check whether the dastarcus helophoroides parasitize, if the dastarcus helophoroides parasitize, moving the pine sections to the outside, enabling the dastarcus helophoroides to overwinter outdoors, covering the pine sections with gauze, after the temperature rises again in the coming year, eclosion of adults, collecting adults, and raising the adults in a cluster manner of about 30 days until the adults start to lay eggs; then the adults are moved to a cold storage for refrigeration (the temperature is 9 +/-2 ℃), and the adults are used as the seed insects for standby.
According to the biological habit of the dastarcus helophoroides, the cluster breeding is to place all adults into a breeding pot, a plurality of pine segments with the diameter of 15-20cm and the height of about 15cm are placed in the pot, a deep groove with the height of about 1cm is dug every 2cm in the pine segments, the method simulates the wild habitat of the dastarcus helophoroides for resting the adults so as to preserve the activity of the adults, and a plurality of water dispensers are also placed in the pot, the breeding environment is at the temperature of 20 +/-2 ℃ and the humidity is 35-60%.
The method for inducing the egg laying and hatching of the dastarcus helophoroides adult to the initially hatched larva comprises the following steps:
firstly, putting insect-raising wood blocks into a disinfected insect-raising plastic box, putting 3-5 layers of kraft paper (the size of each paper sheet is slightly different so as to leave a gap to enable an ovipositor of a dastarcus helophoroides to be more easily stretched into the gap of the paper sheet to lay eggs) with the surface area of the wood blocks above the insect-raising wood blocks, covering a glass slide above the kraft paper, binding the glass slide, the kraft paper and the wood blocks together, and putting a water fountain and a feed dish in the insect-raising plastic box;
then, 300 heads of 200 plus materials of the adult dastarcus helophoroides in the rejuvenation process are connected into the insect breeding plastic box, the box cover is covered, and 3-6 small holes are drilled on two sides of the box body of the insect breeding plastic box; in the adult dastarcus helophoroides, the number of female worms is greater than that of male worms, and no special proportion exists;
then, changing water and changing feed for the dastarcus helophoroides every 3 days, cleaning the insect-breeding plastic box, simultaneously collecting kraft paper with egg blocks, putting the kraft paper into a glass test tube, plugging the tube opening with cotton, and culturing until larvae are hatched;
the environment temperature and the humidity of the dastarcus helophoroides adults in the processes of inducing spawning and hatching eggs are 25 +/-1 ℃ and 35-60%.
The method for enabling the dastarcus helophoroides first-hatched larvae to parasitize on the larvae of the thyestilla mamillata comprises the following steps:
firstly, putting sterilized longicorn larvae into a finger-shaped glass tube with the diameter of 11mm and the length of 55mm, and putting 1 head of longicorn larvae into each tube;
then, ejecting the primarily hatched larvae out of the glass test tube, and concentrating the primarily hatched larvae on a black coated paper board so as to more clearly set off the primarily hatched larvae;
then, according to the size of the longicorn larva, using a fine hair pen to pick up 5-7 primarily hatched larvae of dastarcus helophoroides with relatively strong shape and strong activity, connecting the larvae to the body surface of the longicorn larva, and plugging the finger-shaped glass tube opening with cotton;
the culture temperature for scale breeding of the dastarcus helophoroides adults is 25 +/-1 ℃ and the humidity is 35-60%.
When the Dastarcus helophoroides imagoes are eclosized, the newly eclosized imagoes are subjected to cluster feeding for about 30 days, the cluster feeding method is the same as the above, the feeding environment temperature is 20 +/-2 ℃, and the humidity is 35-60%; and (3) refrigerating the new imagoes (the temperature is 9 +/-2 ℃) for standby after the new imagoes begin to lay eggs.
The preservation of the longhorned beetles comprises the following steps:
collecting ramie root parasitizing the larvae of the longicorn from the field, and storing in a refrigerator at-5-0 ℃ for later use, wherein the storage time is from 10 months to 8 months in the next year.
The sterilization step specifically comprises:
boxing: screening healthy longicorn larvae, respectively putting the healthy longicorn larvae into insect boxes, wherein each box is provided with one insect box, and the insect boxes are mutually isolated and then put into a sterilization frame; the sterilizing box is a self-made 'insect body sterilizing box', the material is transparent heat-resistant plastic, and the sterilizing box is composed of an upper cover (1) and a lower cover (2), 50 concave insect chambers (3) with the size of 1 multiplied by 3.5cm are distributed on the upper cover and the lower cover, and the upper insect chamber and the lower insect chamber are combined to form 50 'capsule' insect chambers which are mutually isolated after the covers are combined.
And (3) sterilization: setting an oven to 60 ℃, preheating to a set temperature, putting the prepared sterilization frame into the oven, arranging an air outlet at one side of a baffle plate of the sterilization frame to prevent hot air from directly blowing to an insect box, and sterilizing the larvae of the thyestillagebleriformis at 60 ℃ for 25-35 minutes;
temperature return: and (3) placing the sterilized longicorn beetle box into an inoculation room, and heating to room temperature of 25 ℃ for 30-60 minutes for later use.
Due to the application of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the parasitic rate of the dastarcus helophoroides on the longicorn hosts reaches more than 90%, and the eclosion rate of the dastarcus helophoroides reaches more than 95%; by breeding host selection and reasonable inoculation ratio, the standardized scale breeding technology and the preservation capacity of breeding more than 10 ten thousand of dastarcus helophoroides adults and collecting more than 30 ten thousand of dastarcus helophoroides egg cards (the total number of eggs is about 3000 ten thousand) are realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a self-made sterilization case;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a sterilization frame;
in the figure: 1 is an upper cover, 2 is a lower cover, 3 is a recessed insect chamber, 4 is a supporting baffle, and 5 is an interlayer baffle.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
The invention relates to a technology for artificially breeding dastarcus helophoroides, which has a preferred specific implementation mode and comprises the following steps: (1) rejuvenating and feeding the dastarcus helophoroides adults; (2) inducing the adult dastarcus helophoroides subjected to the rejuvenation process to lay eggs and hatch the eggs to initially hatched larvae; (3) selecting healthy thyestillageblerifacldermann larvae without wound and pollution on body surface for sterilization treatment; (4) inoculating the larvae of the batocera lineolata into the larvae of the dastarcus helophoroides which are primarily hatched, and breeding the adults of the dastarcus helophoroides in a large scale. The environmental temperature in the culture and breeding process can be 25 +/-1 ℃ and the humidity can be 35-60%.
The rejuvenation and feeding of the dastarcus helophoroides adults may specifically include:
collecting the adult dastarcus helophoroides in the wild in the middle ten days of 10 months, bringing the adult dastarcus helophoroides back to the room, carrying the adult dastarcus helophoroides with artificially bred fresh adult dastarcus helophoroides (selecting large and high-activity adult dastarcus helophoroides), carrying out mixed cluster breeding, so that the wild grown adult dastarcus helophoroides and the artificially bred adult dastarcus helophoroides can be fully mated, and breeding for about 30 days until the adult dastarcus helophoroides start to lay eggs;
collecting pine sections with longicorn borers in the wild in the middle ten days of 10 months, bringing the collected fresh eggs of the dastarcus helophoroides back to the room, placing the collected eggs of the dastarcus helophoroides beside the longicorn borers, culturing at the constant temperature of 25 ℃, splitting a small number of pine sections after about 30 days to check whether the dastarcus helophoroides parasitize, if the dastarcus helophoroides are cocooned, moving the pine sections to the outside, enabling the dastarcus helophoroides to overwinter outdoors, covering the pine sections with gauze, after the temperature rises again in the coming year, eclosion of adults, collecting adults, and breeding the adults in clusters for about 30 days until the adults start to lay eggs; then the adults are moved to a cold storage for refrigeration (the temperature is 9 +/-2 ℃), and the adults are used as the seed insects for standby.
The inducing of the dastarcus helophoroides adult to lay eggs and hatch to the first hatched larva may specifically include:
firstly, putting insect-breeding wood blocks into an insect-breeding plastic box (degreasing cotton is dipped with 75% alcohol before use, the inner surface of the box is disinfected and dried in the air), putting 3-5 layers of kraft paper (the size of each piece of paper is slightly different so as to leave gaps to enable an ovipositor of a floral-floss parasporal beetle to be more easily stretched into the gaps of the pieces of paper to lay eggs) above the insect-breeding wood blocks, covering a glass slide above the kraft paper, binding the glass slide, the kraft paper and the wood blocks together, and putting a water fountain and a feed dish in the insect-breeding plastic box.
The feed used was as follows:
baking the larva of yellow mealworm, larva of monochamus alternatus and larva of barley pest in an oven respectively until the body surface becomes golden yellow, crushing the larva into powder by a food processor, and uniformly mixing the powder according to the ratio of 1:1: 1. It is used as it is.
The insect-culturing wood block is made of pine wood and has a rectangular shape with a length, a width and a height of 8.6 multiplied by 3.5 multiplied by 2.1 cm.
Then, 300 heads of 200 plus materials of the adult dastarcus helophoroides in the rejuvenation process are connected into the insect breeding plastic box, the box cover is covered, and 3-6 small holes are drilled on two sides of the box body of the insect breeding plastic box; in the adult dastarcus helophoroides, the number of female worms is greater than that of male worms, and no special proportion exists;
then, changing water and changing feed for the dastarcus helophoroides every 3 days, cleaning the insect-breeding plastic box, simultaneously collecting kraft paper with egg blocks, putting the kraft paper into a glass test tube, plugging the tube opening with cotton, and culturing until larvae are hatched; the culture temperature is 25 + -1 deg.C, and the humidity is 35-60%.
As shown in fig. 1 to 2, the sterilization box for the parasitic maraca is a self-made sterilization device, which mainly comprises an insect box and a sterilization frame, wherein the insect box is made of heat-resistant plastic and comprises an upper cover 1 and a lower cover 2, 50 1 × 3.5cm concave insect chambers 3 are distributed on the upper cover and the lower cover, and the upper cover and the lower cover are combined to form 50 mutually isolated 'capsule' insect chambers. The longicorn larvae to be sterilized are placed into the insect chambers individually, so that the insect bodies can be isolated from each other, the wound of the insect bodies caused by mutual killing and self-residual is reduced, and the pollution probability is reduced.
The sterilization frame is made of stainless steel and consists of a supporting baffle (4) and an interlayer baffle (5) (figure 2). The supporting baffle is a stainless steel plate with the thickness of 0.2cm, and the interlayer baffle is a stainless steel net with the aperture of 1 cm. The sterilization frame is formed by welding 3 supporting baffles (two sides + bottom plate) and 9 interlayer baffles.
During sterilization, the host longhorn beetles are put into the worm box, put into the sterilization frame and then put into the oven. Notice the baffle and face the oven air outlet, avoid hot-blast direct blowing to the worm box.
The different sterilization treatment methods of the breeding hosts of the dastarcus helophoroides are compared with the application examples:
(1) selecting insects: selecting 2500 heads of healthy thyestillageblerifacldermann larvae without wound and pollution on body surfaces;
(2) the treatment method comprises the following steps: the method comprises sterilizing the Musca domestica Thunb with high temperature, 75% ethanol, ultraviolet lamp, 3% hydrogen peroxide, and control by 500 steps.
High-temperature sterilization treatment: respectively putting the screened thyestillageblerifacldermann larvae into self-made worm boxes, one for each grid, isolating the larvae from each other, and putting the worm boxes into a sterilization rack; placing the mixture into an oven, and sterilizing the host at 60 ℃ for 30 minutes; placing the sterilized insect box into an inoculation room, and returning the temperature to the room temperature for 60 minutes for later use;
and (3) sterilizing 75% alcohol: putting the screened thyestillageblerifacldermann larvae into 75% alcohol solution, soaking for 5 seconds, taking out and airing for later use;
ultraviolet lamp irradiation sterilization treatment: flatly paving the screened thyestillageblerifacldermann larvae in a tray, placing under an ultraviolet lamp (with the distance of 50cm) to irradiate for 30 minutes, and taking out for later use;
3% hydrogen peroxide sterilization treatment steps: putting the screened thyestillageblerifacldermann larvae into a 3% hydrogen peroxide solution, soaking for 5 seconds, taking out and airing for later use;
comparison: no sterilization treatment is performed.
(3) And (3) detecting colony of the worm: 10 Mucuna horneri are randomly taken for each treatment to detect pathogens on the surface of the worm body. Each treated 10-head sirius was put into 200ml of sterile water, washed for 2 minutes with shaking, and taken out. Taking 0.5ml of the liquid with the buerger shell surface germs, and carrying out plate culture. Culturing at 25 deg.C for 2-3 days in incubator, and calculating colony count per unit area.
(4) Inoculation, tubing and culture: lightly dipping the primarily hatched larvae of dastarcus helophoroides by using a fine hair brush to inoculate the body surfaces of the larvae of the longicorn after different treatments, connecting 7 larvae of dastarcus helophoroides to each host, then placing the inoculated larvae of the batrachia helophoroides into a finger-shaped glass tube (1 end of each tube) after sterilization treatment, plugging the tube orifice by using cotton, and placing the tube orifice into a culture chamber to culture for 45-60 days at the temperature of 25 +/-1 ℃.
(5) And (3) counting the breeding effect: and after all the imagoes of the dastarcus helophoroides emerge from the shells, counting data information such as the number of the pollution tubes, the number of the parasitic tubes and the number of the imagoes.
(6) And (4) analyzing results:
the influence of different treatment modes on the surface bacterial colony of the host insect body is as follows: the bacterial colony count in unit area is counted through plate culture, and the bacterial colony count shows that the high-temperature sterilization and other sterilization treatment modes have the inhibiting effect on the pathogens on the surfaces of insect bodies, whereinThe colony number of the high-temperature sterilization treatment mode is the lowest and is only 2.3/cm2Compared with the control, the reduction is 87.1 percent. The colony count is reduced after the treatments of 75% alcohol sterilization, ultraviolet lamp irradiation sterilization, 3% hydrogen peroxide sterilization and the like, but the reduction range is only 35.9-50%.
Influence of different treatment modes on parasitic rate and pollution rate: statistics on the pollution rate and the parasitic rate at the later stage also shows that the parasitic rate of the high-temperature sterilization treatment mode is improved by 6-10 percent compared with other treatment modes. The pollution rate in the later period is reduced by 80.7-86.9%.
Influence of different treatment modes on the yield of the dastarcus helophoroides adults: although the parasitic rate of high-temperature sterilization is only improved by 6-10% compared with other treatment modes, the breeding efficiency is obviously improved, the yield of the dastarcus helophoroides adults of each host reaches 5.2, which is obviously higher than that of other treatment modes, and the breeding efficiency is improved by 33.3-47.4%.
The inoculation of the young dastarcus helophoroides to the young batocera lineolata larvae specifically may include:
firstly, putting sterilized longicorn larvae into a finger-shaped glass tube with the diameter of 11mm and the length of 55mm, and putting 1 head of longicorn larvae into each tube; then, ejecting the primarily hatched larvae out of the glass test tube, and concentrating the primarily hatched larvae on a black coated paper board so as to more clearly set off the primarily hatched larvae; then, according to the size of the longicorn larva, using a fine hair pen to pick up 5-7 primarily hatched larvae of dastarcus helophoroides with relatively strong shape and strong activity, connecting the larvae to the body surface of the longicorn larva, and plugging the finger-shaped glass tube opening with cotton; finally, the finger-shaped glass tubes containing the inoculated longhorn beetles are stacked and arranged in a culture room, the culture temperature is 25 +/-1 ℃, and the humidity is 35-60%.
The technology for preventing and treating the dry longicorn borers in the trees by the dastarcus helophoroides has the preferred specific implementation mode that the dastarcus helophoroides adults are bred in a large scale and spawned by applying the dastarcus helophoroides rejuvenation breeding and breeding method, and the collected egg cards are used for preventing and treating the dry longicorn borers in the trees, and the specific method comprises the following steps of:
preparing the collected dastarcus helophoroides eggs into egg cards and refrigerating for later use:
firstly, cutting off cowhide paper sheets on which the dastarcus helophoroides eggs are produced into long strips as much as possible according to the natural distribution of the eggs, then putting the cut egg paper sheets into a 2ml finger-shaped tube, wherein the number of eggs in each tube is about 100, and filling a small amount of cotton to block the paper sheets so that the paper sheets cannot fall out of the finger-shaped tube, thereby preparing the egg card. And (3) storing the egg card in an environment with the temperature of 9 +/-2 ℃.
The specific operation method for releasing the egg cards to prevent and treat the diseases comprises the steps of taking the egg cards made of the stored dastarcus helophoroides eggs out of a refrigeration house, warming the egg cards for 4 to 8 hours at room temperature, culturing the egg cards in an environment at 25 ℃ for 5 days, and then releasing the egg cards in the field. And (4) selecting trees endangered by longicorn in the field for release. The specific part is arranged below the side of the lowest longicorn borer hole of the tree body, so that not only can the excrement of the longicorn be prevented from covering the dastarcus helophoroides larvae, but also the dastarcus helophoroides larvae can conveniently find out pests as soon as possible, and the parasitic rate is improved. If the tourist attraction is a park or a tourist attraction, the tourist attraction can be hung at a position where the interference of the tourist is not easy to happen as much as possible and the direct irradiation of sunlight is avoided as much as possible. Firstly, a pin is obliquely inserted on a trunk at an angle of 45 degrees, a finger-shaped pipe provided with eggs of the dastarcus helophoroides is inversely sleeved on the pin (cotton does not need to be taken out), or the finger-shaped pipe is fixed on the trunk by using an adhesive tape, and the bottom of the pipe is slightly higher than the pipe opening so as to prevent rainwater from entering. 1 pipe of egg card is put on each tree, 80-100 pipes are released per hectare, and the release quantity can be properly increased or decreased according to the height of insect population of pests. The release time is in the pupa stage of the longicorn at the bottom of 5 months (before the imago of the longicorn) or the larva stage of the longicorn in 7-8 months every year, and the release in rainy days is avoided as much as possible.
The specific implementation case of the scale breeding method of dastarcus helophoroides comprises the following steps:
step 1, rejuvenating and feeding the dastarcus helophoroides to ensure that the offspring of the natural enemy can normally develop without degeneration:
collecting the adult dastarcus helophoroides in the wild in the middle ten days of 10 months, bringing the adult dastarcus helophoroides back to the room, and carrying the adult dastarcus helophoroides and the artificially-bred fresh adult dastarcus helophoroides (selecting the adult dastarcus helophoroides with large size and strong activity) in a mixed and clustered mode for feeding, so that the wild-grown adult dastarcus helophoroides and the artificially-bred adult dastarcus helophoroides can be fully mated, and the degradation rate of offspring is reduced; feeding for about 30 days until the imagoes begin to lay eggs; and (3) if the imagoes need to be induced to lay eggs, and the Dastarcus helophoroides adult breeding is carried out, then the step 2 is carried out.
Collecting pine sections with longicorn borers in the wild in the middle ten days of 10 months, bringing the collected fresh eggs of the dastarcus helophoroides back to the room, placing the collected eggs of the dastarcus helophoroides beside the longicorn borers, culturing at the constant temperature of 25 ℃, splitting a small number of pine sections after about 30 days to check whether the dastarcus helophoroides parasitize, if the dastarcus helophoroides are cocooned, moving the pine sections to the outside, enabling the dastarcus helophoroides to overwinter outdoors, covering the pine sections with gauze, after the temperature rises again in the coming year, eclosion of adults, collecting adults, and breeding the adults in clusters for about 30 days until the adults start to lay eggs; then the adults are moved to a cold storage for refrigeration (the temperature is 9 +/-2 ℃), and the adults are used as the seed insects for standby.
According to the biological habit of the dastarcus helophoroides, the cluster breeding is to place all adults into a breeding pot, a plurality of pine segments with the diameter of 15-20cm and the height of about 15cm are placed in the pot, a deep groove with the height of about 1cm is dug every 2cm in the pine segments, the method simulates the wild habitat of the dastarcus helophoroides for resting the adults so as to preserve the activity of the adults, and a plurality of water dispensers are also placed in the pot, the breeding environment is at the temperature of 20 +/-2 ℃ and the humidity is 35-60%.
step 2-1, firstly, placing two insect-raising wood blocks (the length, width and thickness are 8.6 multiplied by 3.5 multiplied by 2.1c cm) into an insect-raising plastic box (the length, width and height are 17 multiplied by 13 multiplied by 9cm) for inducing spawning, placing 3-5 layers of yellow common kraft paper above the wood blocks for enabling the dastarcus helophoroides adults to spawn on the wood blocks (the sizes of each paper sheet are slightly different so that gaps are reserved to enable an ovipositor of the dastarcus helophoroides to be more prone to stretch into the gaps of the paper sheets for spawning), covering a glass slide on the paper, and then fixing the glass slide, the kraft paper and the woodblock with leather bands; then putting a finger-shaped glass tube for the adult dastarcus helophoroides to serve as a water fountain, filling tap water into the finger-shaped glass tube, and plugging the tube opening by a sponge to prevent water from flowing out; then a small container containing feed is put into the feeding device for feeding the adult dastarcus helophoroides; finally, 200-plus-300 heads of the Dastarcus helophoroides adults are connected, wherein the male and female have no special proportion, and a plastic box cover is covered (3-6 vent holes with the aperture of 1-2 mm are drilled on the two sides of the box body); thus, a small-sized raising room for the dastarcus helophoroides is formed. Then placing in a culture room with temperature of 25 + -1 deg.C and humidity of 35-60% for breeding. Then, the dastarcus helophoroides is changed with water and food every 3 days, the insect-breeding plastic boxes are cleaned, and meanwhile, kraft paper with egg blocks is collected. If the Dastarcus helophoroides adults need to be bred in a large scale, performing the step 3; and (5) if the adult insects are not needed to be bred temporarily, performing the step 2-2.
Step 2-2, manufacturing, packaging and refrigerating the dastarcus helophoroides egg cards:
firstly, the kraft paper with the egg blocks on the insect-raising wood blocks in the step 2-1 is taken down, the eggs of the dastarcus helophoroides are very small, the length is only about 1mm, the dastarcus helophoroides are oblong, the dastarcus helophoroides are generally arranged in a fan-shaped single-layer block shape, and a plurality of egg blocks are connected with one another, so that the quantity of the egg blocks is dozens of to hundreds of.
And secondly, cutting the egg blocks on the cow leather paper sheet into blocks according to natural distribution, cutting the small egg blocks into egg block paper containing one egg block, cutting the large egg block paper into egg block paper containing 2-3 egg blocks (each egg block paper contains about 100 eggs), and cutting the egg block paper into long strips as much as possible.
And thirdly, putting the cut egg block paper into a 2ml finger-shaped tube, wherein the number of eggs in each tube is about 100, and filling a small amount of cotton blocking paper sheets to prevent the cotton blocking paper sheets from falling out of the finger-shaped tube, thereby preparing the egg card.
Fourthly, putting the prepared egg card (finger-shaped tube) into a self-sealing bag, sealing 500 tubes in each bag, pricking some pores on the self-sealing bag by using a needle to facilitate ventilation, and then putting the self-sealing bag into an environment with the temperature of 9 +/-2 ℃ for storage.
step 3-1, hatching eggs: putting the eggs collected in the step 2-1 into a glass test tube, plugging the tube opening with cotton, or taking out the egg cards in the step 2-2, and putting the eggs into a culture room with the temperature of 25 +/-1 ℃ and the humidity of 35-60% for culturing and hatching to obtain the primary hatched larvae.
Step 3-2, inoculating and culturing the newly hatched larvae: ejecting the newly hatched larvae out of the glass test tube, and concentrating the newly hatched larvae on a black coated paper board so that the newly hatched larvae can be more clearly seen; placing 1 sterilized and removed larva of Monochamus alternatus into a finger-shaped glass tube, using a fine hair pen to pick 5-7 newly hatched larvae of dastarcus helophoroides with relatively strong shape and strong activity according to the size of the larva of Monochamus alternatus, connecting the newly hatched larvae to the body surface of the larva of Monochamus alternatus, plugging the mouth of the finger-shaped glass tube with cotton, placing the larva in a plastic frame in order, and placing the larva into a culture room, wherein the culture temperature is 25 +/-1 ℃, and the humidity is 35-60%. Eclosion of the new generation of dastarcus helophoroides can be seen after 45-60 days generally.
Step 3-3, feeding and cold storage of new adults: feeding the eclosion new imagoes for about 30 days according to the group feeding method in the step 1 until the new imagoes begin to lay eggs, and placing the imagoes into a refrigeration house with the temperature of 9 +/-2 ℃ for storage.
Some of the above steps and their statements and tools are described in detail below:
insect breeding box: that is, a transparent plastic box with a cover and a length, width and height of 17 × 15 × 9cm, is dipped in 75% alcohol with absorbent cotton before use, and the inner surface of the box is wiped and sterilized.
Insect-raising wood blocks: namely, fresh pine is made into wood blocks with the length, width and height of 8.6 multiplied by 3.5 multiplied by 2.1 cm. 3-5 pieces of kraft paper with the size of 8.6 × 3.5mm are placed on the wood block for the adult dastarcus helophoroides to lay eggs (the size of each piece of paper is slightly different so that a gap is reserved to enable the egg laying device of the dastarcus helophoroides to easily extend into the gap of the paper block to lay eggs), 1 glass slide (the length, the width and the thickness are 7.6 × 2.5 × 2.0cm) is finally covered on the paper, and then the glass slide, the kraft paper and the wood block are bound into a whole by rubber bands.
A water fountain: is made of a 5.5cm long finger-shaped glass tube with the aperture of 1.1cm, tap water is filled in the tube, and the opening of the tube is plugged by a sponge, but the tube cannot be plugged too tightly and cannot allow the water to flow out, so that the water can permeate the sponge and is convenient for adult drinking.
A feed dish: a plastic disc with a diameter of 3.0cm and a height of 1.0 cm.
Changing feed: adding new feed after the feed is eaten by the adult dastarcus helophoroides; if the feed is not eaten, if the color of the feed is normal and the feed is not polluted, new feed does not need to be added; if the feed is not eaten, but the color of the feed is abnormal or the feed becomes mildewed, indicating that the feed is polluted, the feed is required to be replaced together with the feed container, and the feed container is put into a new feed container and added with new feed.
Feed for adult dastarcus helophoroides: namely the prepared artificial feed, and is used after being prepared.
Preparing a host: obtaining ramie root parasitizing the larvae of the longhorned bovines from the field, and storing the ramie root parasitizing the larvae of the longhorned bovines in a refrigeration house at the temperature of-5 to 0 ℃ for standby, wherein the storage time is from 10 months to 8 months in the next year. When inoculation is needed, the ramie root is taken out from a refrigeration house, the larva of the longhorn beetle is cut out, and the larva is put into finger-shaped glass for standby after high-temperature sterilization.
Artificial inoculation: according to the size of each larva of the thyestillageblerifacldermann, 5-7 of primarily hatched larvae of dastarcus helophoroides with relatively strong morphology and strong vitality are picked up by a fine hair pen, lightly connected to the body surface of the larva of the thyestillageblerifacldermann, and the finger-shaped glass tube opening is tightly plugged by cotton.
The invention provides a set of technology for biologically preventing and controlling the forest tree trunk-borer longhorn beetles in production, namely, a parasitic natural enemy, namely, a dastarcus helophoroides egg is released in the larval stage or the pupal stage of the longhorn beetle, and a scale propagation method of the parasitic natural enemy insect. Designing and manufacturing an egg card; researches out a technology which can be stored for a long time (3 months) without influencing the hatching of eggs and the rejuvenation of adults; the proper time and the specific release technology for releasing the natural enemies are researched, and an effective technical measure is provided for utilizing the natural enemy insects to prevent and control the trunk-boring longicorn of the forest tree. The control effect is obvious after the prevention and the treatment, and the goal of effectively and continuously controlling the pests is realized on the premise of not polluting the environment, maintaining the ecological balance and protecting the biodiversity.
The dastarcus helophoroides belongs to coleoptera order, and is an important parasitic natural enemy of the wood trunk borer. The invention helps the natural enemies to increase and recover the population quantity by protecting and utilizing the natural enemy dastarcus helophoroides, achieves effective inhibition on the population of the dry-borer longicorn of the forest, and has obvious effect. The prevention and treatment research result of the carya illinoensis dry-eating longicorn in Jiangsu area shows that the insect-bearing rate of carya illinoensis longicorn in the test area is reduced by 12% and the reduction rate of corrected insect population is 28.7% when the carya illinoensis dry-eating longicorn in the current year is released; two years of natural enemies are continuously released, the insect-bearing rate of the carya illinoensis longicorn in the spring test area of the third year is reduced by 36%, and the insect population reduction rate is corrected by 56.79%.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for breeding dastarcus helophoroides on a large scale by utilizing longhorned beetles is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) rejuvenating and feeding the dastarcus helophoroides adults;
(2) inducing the adult dastarcus helophoroides subjected to the rejuvenation process to lay eggs and hatch the eggs to initially hatched larvae;
(3) selecting healthy thyestillageblerifacldermann larvae without wound and pollution on body surface for sterilization treatment;
(4) inoculating the primarily hatched larvae of dastarcus helophoroides by using the sterilized longicorn larvae, and breeding the adults of dastarcus helophoroides in a large scale;
the environmental temperature in the above process is 25 + -1 deg.C, and the humidity is 35-60%.
2. The method for breeding dastarcus helophoroides on a large scale by using longhorns according to claim 1, wherein the method for rejuvenating and feeding the adults of dastarcus helophoroides comprises:
collecting the adult dastarcus helophoroides in the wild in the middle ten days of 10 months, bringing the adult dastarcus helophoroides back to the room, carrying the adult dastarcus helophoroides and the artificially bred fresh adult dastarcus helophoroides (selecting the adult dastarcus helophoroides with large size and strong activity) in a mixed and clustered mode for feeding, so that the wild grown adult dastarcus helophoroides and the artificially bred adult dastarcus helophoroides can be fully mated, and feeding for about 30 days until the adult dastarcus helophoroides begin to lay eggs;
collecting pine sections with longicorn borers in the wild in the middle ten days of 10 months, bringing the pine sections back to the room, placing the collected fresh eggs of the dastarcus helophoroides beside the longicorn borers, culturing at the constant temperature of 25 ℃, splitting a small number of pine sections after about 30 days to check whether the dastarcus helophoroides parasitize, if the dastarcus helophoroides parasitize, moving the pine sections to the outside, enabling the dastarcus helophoroides to overwinter outdoors, covering the pine sections with gauze, after the temperature rises again in the coming year, eclosion of adults, collecting adults, and raising the adults in a cluster manner of about 30 days until the adults start to lay eggs; then, the adults are moved to a refrigeration house for refrigeration (the temperature is 9 +/-2 ℃), and the adults are used as seed insects for standby;
the environment temperature for indoor rejuvenation and feeding of the dastarcus helophoroides adults is 25 +/-1 ℃, and the humidity is 35-60%.
3. The method for breeding dastarcus helophoroides on a batocera according to claim 1, wherein the method for inducing oviposition and hatching to the first-hatched larvae of the adult dastarcus helophoroides comprises:
firstly, putting insect-raising wood blocks into a disinfected insect-raising plastic box, putting 3-5 layers of kraft paper (the size of each paper sheet is slightly different so as to leave a gap to enable an ovipositor of a dastarcus helophoroides to be more easily stretched into the gap of the paper sheet to lay eggs) with the surface area of the wood blocks above the insect-raising wood blocks, covering a glass slide above the kraft paper, binding the glass slide, the kraft paper and the wood blocks together, and putting a water fountain and a feed dish in the insect-raising plastic box;
then, 300 heads of 200 plus materials of the adult dastarcus helophoroides in the rejuvenation process are connected into the insect breeding plastic box, the box cover is covered, and 3-6 small holes are drilled on two sides of the box body of the insect breeding plastic box; in the adult dastarcus helophoroides, the number of female worms is greater than that of male worms, and no special proportion exists;
then, changing water and changing feed for the dastarcus helophoroides every 3 days, cleaning a pest breeding plastic box, collecting eggs, putting the eggs into glass test tubes in batches, plugging the tube openings with cotton, putting the tubes into a culture room, and culturing the tubes until larvae are hatched;
the environment temperature and the humidity of the dastarcus helophoroides adults in the processes of inducing spawning and hatching eggs are 25 +/-1 ℃ and 35-60%.
4. The method for breeding dastarcus helophoroides on a large scale by using longhorns according to claim 1, wherein the method for allowing the larvae of the dastarcus helophoroides to be hatched to the larvae of the longhorns includes:
firstly, putting sterilized longicorn larvae into a finger-shaped glass tube with the diameter of 11mm and the length of 55mm, and putting 1 head of longicorn larvae into each tube;
then, ejecting the primarily hatched larvae out of the glass test tube, and concentrating the primarily hatched larvae on a black coated paper board so as to more clearly set off the primarily hatched larvae;
then, according to the size of the longicorn larva, using a fine hair pen to pick up 5-7 primarily hatched larvae of dastarcus helophoroides with relatively strong shape and strong activity, connecting the larvae to the body surface of the longicorn larva, and plugging the finger-shaped glass tube opening with cotton;
the culture temperature for scale breeding of the dastarcus helophoroides adults is 25 +/-1 ℃ and the humidity is 35-60%.
5. The method for breeding dastarcus helophoroides on a large scale by using longhorns according to claim 1, further comprising raising and preserving the dastarcus helophoroides after eclosion, specifically comprising:
carrying out mass rearing on newly emerged imagoes for about 30 days, wherein the rearing environment is at 20 +/-2 ℃ and the humidity is 35-60%; and (3) refrigerating the new imagoes (the temperature is 9 +/-2 ℃) for standby after the new imagoes begin to lay eggs.
6. The method for the scale breeding of dastarcus helophoroides by using longhorned beetles according to claim 1, further comprising the fresh-keeping preservation of longhorned beetle larvae, which specifically comprises:
obtaining ramie root parasitizing the larvae of the longhorned bovines from the field, and storing the ramie root parasitizing the larvae of the longhorned bovines in a refrigeration house at the temperature of-5 to 0 ℃ for standby, wherein the storage time is from 10 months to 8 months in the next year.
7. The method for breeding dastarcus helophoroides on a large scale by using longhorned beetles according to claim 1, wherein the sterilization step specifically comprises:
boxing: screening healthy longicorn larvae, respectively putting the healthy longicorn larvae into insect boxes, wherein each box is provided with one insect box, and the insect boxes are mutually isolated and then put into a sterilization frame; the sterilizing box is a self-made 'insect body sterilizing box', the material is transparent heat-resistant plastic, and the sterilizing box is composed of an upper cover (1) and a lower cover (2), 50 concave insect chambers (3) with the size of 1 multiplied by 3.5cm are distributed on the upper cover and the lower cover, and the upper insect chamber and the lower insect chamber are combined to form 50 'capsule' insect chambers which are mutually isolated after the covers are combined.
And (3) sterilization: setting an oven to 60 ℃, preheating to a set temperature, putting the prepared sterilization frame into the oven, arranging an air outlet at one side of a baffle plate of the sterilization frame to prevent hot air from directly blowing to an insect box, and sterilizing the larvae of the thyestillagebleriformis at 60 ℃ for 25-35 minutes;
temperature return: and (3) placing the sterilized longicorn beetle box into an inoculation room, and heating to room temperature of 25 ℃ for 30-60 minutes for later use.
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Application publication date: 20210226 |