CN112243782A - Cultivation method of exocarpium citri rubrum - Google Patents
Cultivation method of exocarpium citri rubrum Download PDFInfo
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- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- SEOVTRFCIGRIMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indole-3-acetic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(CC(=O)O)=CNC2=C1 SEOVTRFCIGRIMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- HHVIBTZHLRERCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfonyldimethane Chemical compound CS(C)(=O)=O HHVIBTZHLRERCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 241001506766 Xanthium Species 0.000 claims description 23
- 235000011389 fruit/vegetable juice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 23
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- 239000003617 indole-3-acetic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
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- 241001093501 Rutaceae Species 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D1/00—Fertilisers containing potassium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation method of exocarpium citri rubrum, which comprises the following steps: (1) selecting land; (2) and (3) circus propagation: selecting 3cm thick red tangerine peel at a position where branches are straight and smooth, girdling two cutters at a position where the branches are straight and smooth 7-9 months per year, wherein the girdling depth is about to reach xylem, scraping a cambium completely, binding the girdling position with a medium, promoting root growth, and taking the root system as a planting seedling after the root system extends out of the medium layer; (3) and (6) planting. The medium adopted in the invention can effectively promote the growth of the root system after the lopping, the obtained root system is thick and long and grows deeply, the survival rate after the planting is improved, the rapid growth of the red tangerine seedlings is promoted, and the fruiting time is shortened.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine planting, in particular to a cultivation method of exocarpium citri rubrum.
Background
Exocarpium Citri rubrum is dried outer peel of Citrus reticulata Blanco of Rutaceae and its cultivar, collected after fruit ripens in late autumn and early winter, cut off exocarpium, and dried in the sun or shade. The chrysoidine is warm in nature, pungent and bitter in taste, has multiple effects of treating wind-cold cough, chronic tracheitis, asthma, throat itching and excessive phlegm, phlegm stagnation in chest, vomiting and hiccup, food stagnation and alcohol impairment, vomiting and stuffiness, long-term stomachache, gas pain and the like, is a very important traditional Chinese medicine, is also used as a high-grade medicinal fruit, is sold in and out at sea, is not suitable for demand, and has considerable economic benefit.
In the prior art, seedlings are generally obtained by orange planting in a grafting mode, but branches are improperly treated in the grafting process, so that the excellent performance of a mother plant is difficult to maintain, and the fruit setting rate is low. In addition, a large amount of chemical fertilizer is generally used for planting the pummelo peel, soil hardening is easy to cause, and the water and fertilizer retention capacity is poor. Therefore, a cultivation method capable of improving the yield and quality of the red tangerine peels and improving the soil hardening problem is needed at present.
The information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention provides a method for cultivating red tangerine peel, and aims to obtain a cultivation method which can effectively reduce soil hardening and improve the yield and quality of red tangerine peel.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a cultivation method of exocarpium citri rubrum comprises the following operation steps:
(1) selecting land: selecting areas which are pollution-free, have sufficient illumination and have neutral and acidic soil;
(2) and (3) circus propagation: selecting 3cm thick red tangerine peel at a position where branches are straight and smooth, girdling two cutters at a position where the branches are straight and smooth 7-9 months per year, wherein the girdling depth is about to reach xylem, scraping a cambium completely, binding the girdling position with a medium, promoting root growth, and taking the root system as a planting seedling after the root system extends out of the medium layer; the medium is prepared by mixing 1-5 parts of fishpond sediment, 30-50 parts of soil, 15-25 parts of organic fertilizer, 20-30 parts of rice straw, 5-7 parts of coconut chaff, 6-7 parts of pine needle, 0.005-0.006 part of indoleacetic acid, 0.0001-0.0002 part of dimethyl sulfone and 0.1-0.3 part of xanthium juice according to parts by weight;
(3) planting: planting for 8-10 months, namely, fully and uniformly mixing soil dug out of a planting hole with 15-20kg of mixed fertilizer, 0.2-0.5kg of lime powder and 1-2kg of plant ash, filling the mixture into the planting hole, placing healthy disease-free seedlings obtained by the circled branch propagation in the step (1) at the central position of the hole, spraying root fixing water, and managing the rest according to the conventional method to obtain the fertilizer; wherein the mixed fertilizer is obtained by uniformly mixing 80-100 parts by weight of decomposed poultry manure and 50-60 parts by weight of biological bacterial fertilizer.
Preferably, the preparation method of the medium in the step (2) comprises the following steps: weighing 1-5 parts of fishpond sediment, 30-50 parts of soil, 15-25 parts of organic fertilizer, 20-30 parts of rice straw, 5-7 parts of coconut husk, 6-7 parts of pine needle, 0.005-0.006 part of indoleacetic acid, 0.0001-0.0002 part of dimethyl sulfone and 0.1-0.3 part of xanthium juice according to parts by weight, respectively crushing the fishpond sediment, the soil, the organic fertilizer, the rice straw, the coconut husk and the pine needle, sieving the crushed materials with a 170-minus sieve of 200 meshes, adding the indoleacetic acid, the dimethyl sulfone and the xanthium juice, mixing and stirring uniformly, and controlling the water content of the medium obtained after mixing to be 45-47 percent.
Preferably, the cocklebur juice is prepared by mixing cocklebur root, flower and fruit with involucre according to the weight ratio of 3:2:1, mashing and taking juice.
Preferably, the organic fertilizer in the step (2) is obtained by fermenting chicken manure and pig manure at the sealing ratio of 5:1 and normal temperature for 20-30 days.
Preferably, the decomposed poultry manure in the step (3) is one or more of chicken manure, duck manure, cattle manure, pig manure or sheep manure mixed in any proportion, and is fermented for 30-40 days under sealed condition at normal temperature to obtain the poultry manure.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) the medium adopted in the invention can effectively promote the growth of the root system after the lopping, the obtained root system is thick, long and deep in growth, the survival rate after the planting is favorably improved, the rapid growth of the red tangerine seedlings is promoted, and the fruiting time is shortened;
2) furthermore, the cultivation method of bacterial manure and organic fertilizer is limited, so that sufficient nutrients can be provided, the growth requirement of the red tangerine seedlings is met, the soil quality can be improved, and the problem of soil hardening is avoided.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description is to be read in connection with specific embodiments, but it should be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments. The raw materials and reagents used in the examples were all commercially available unless otherwise specified. In the embodiment, the soil is obtained by deeply digging 1m from the ground; the fishpond sediment is sludge at the bottom of the fishpond and is dried until the water content is 20 percent.
Example 1
A cultivation method of exocarpium citri rubrum comprises the following specific operation steps:
(1) selecting land: selecting areas which are pollution-free, have sufficient illumination and have neutral and acidic soil;
(2) and (3) circus propagation: selecting a citrus red with good growth vigor and good fruiting quality and high yield as a mother tree with circled branches in 7 months of 2019, selecting 2-3 years of strong branches without diseases and insect pests from the mother tree, wherein the stem of each branch is about 3cm thick, using a cutter to girl two cutters at a position which is about 10cm away from the base and is relatively straight and smooth, wherein the distance between the two cutters is 3-4 cm, the girdling depth is to reach the xylem, then scraping a cambium completely, no mucus can be left on the cambium, then binding the girdling part with a medium, covering a film, promoting root growth, and using a root system as a planting seedling after extending out of the medium layer; the preparation method of the medium comprises the following steps: weighing 1kg of fishpond bottom mud, 30kg of soil, 15kg of organic fertilizer (the organic fertilizer is obtained by fermenting chicken manure and pig manure at 5:1 in a sealed manner at normal temperature for 20 days), 20kg of rice straw, 5kg of coconut husk, 6kg of pine needle, 0.005kg of indoleacetic acid, 0.0001kg of dimethyl sulfone and 0.1kg of xanthium juice (the xanthium juice is obtained by mixing xanthium root, flower and fruit with a total bud in a weight ratio of 3:2:1, mashing the mixture and taking juice), crushing the fishpond bottom mud, the soil, the organic fertilizer, the rice straw, the coconut husk and the pine needle respectively, sieving the crushed materials with a 200-mesh sieve, adding the indoleacetic acid, the dimethyl sulfone and the xanthium juice, mixing the mixture uniformly, controlling the water content of the medium obtained after mixing to be 45-47%, and obtaining the medium dosage of each circus branch to be 0.5-1.0 kg;
(3) planting: planting in 2019 for 8 months, wherein the specifications of the planting holes are that the length, the width and the height are 1.2 multiplied by 1.1 multiplied by 1.3 meters, and the planting density is 350-360 plants/hm2The row spacing is 5.0m multiplied by 5.0m, the soil dug out from the planting hole is fully and uniformly mixed with 15kg of mixed fertilizer, 0.2kg of lime powder and 1kg of plant ash and then filled into the planting hole, the healthy disease-free nursery stock obtained by the circled branch propagation in the step (1) is placed in the center of the hole, the soil is straightened and covered and compacted, the nursery stock is well fixed, root fixing water is poured, the root of the nursery stock is covered by a rice straw, and the rest is managed according to the conventional method; wherein the mixed fertilizer is composed of decomposed poultry excrement in kg80kg of biological bacterial fertilizer and 50kg of biological bacterial fertilizer are uniformly mixed; the decomposed poultry manure is prepared by mixing cow manure, pig manure and sheep manure in any proportion, and fermenting at room temperature for 30 days in a sealing manner. And after the seedlings are subjected to conventional management for 30 days after field planting, the survival rate of the seedlings is counted and is 99.3 percent.
Example 2
A cultivation method of exocarpium citri rubrum comprises the following specific operation steps:
(1) selecting land: selecting areas which are pollution-free, have sufficient illumination and have neutral and acidic soil;
(2) and (3) circus propagation: selecting a citrus red with good growth vigor and good fruiting quality and high yield as a mother tree with circled branches in 8 months of 2019, selecting 2-3 years of strong branches without diseases and insect pests from the mother tree, wherein the stem of each branch is about 3cm thick, using a cutter to girl two cutters at a position which is about 10cm away from the base and is relatively straight and smooth, wherein the distance between the two cutters is 3-4 cm, the girdling depth is to reach the xylem, then scraping a cambium completely, no mucus can be left on the cambium, then binding the girdling part with a medium, covering a film, promoting root growth, and using a root system as a planting seedling after extending out of the medium layer; the preparation method of the medium comprises the following steps: weighing 5kg of fishpond sediment, 50kg of soil, 25kg of organic fertilizer (the organic fertilizer is obtained by fermenting chicken manure and pig manure at 5:1 in a sealed manner at normal temperature for 30 days), 30kg of rice straw, 7kg of coconut husk, 7kg of pine needle, 0.006kg of indoleacetic acid, 0.0002kg of dimethyl sulfone and 0.3kg of xanthium juice (the xanthium juice is obtained by mixing xanthium root, flower and fruit with a total bud in a weight ratio of 3:2:1, mashing, and taking juice), crushing the fishpond sediment, the soil, the organic fertilizer, the rice straw, the coconut husk and the pine needle respectively, sieving with a 170-mesh sieve, adding the indoleacetic acid, the dimethyl sulfone and the xanthium juice, mixing and stirring uniformly, controlling the water content of the medium obtained after mixing to be 45-47%, and obtaining the culture medium with the dosage of each circus branch to be 0.5-1.0 kg;
(3) planting: planting in 2019 for 9 months, wherein the specifications of planting holes are that the length, the width and the height are 1.2 multiplied by 1.1 multiplied by 1.3 meters, and the planting density is 350-360 plants/hm2The row spacing is 5.0m multiplied by 5.0m, the soil dug out from the planting hole is fully and uniformly mixed with 20kg of mixed fertilizer, 0.5kg of lime powder and 2kg of plant ash and then filled into the planting hole, and the healthy disease-free nursery stock obtained by the circled branch propagation in the step (1) is placed in the planting holeStrengthening, covering soil, compacting, fixing, spraying root water, covering the root with rice straw, and performing conventional management; wherein, the mixed fertilizer is obtained by uniformly mixing 100kg of decomposed poultry manure and 60kg of biological bacterial fertilizer in kg; the decomposed poultry manure is pig manure and is fermented for 40 days at normal temperature in a sealing manner. And after the seedlings are subjected to conventional management for 30 days after field planting, the survival rate of the seedlings is counted and is 99.0 percent.
Example 3
A cultivation method of exocarpium citri rubrum comprises the following specific operation steps:
(1) selecting land: selecting areas which are pollution-free, have sufficient illumination and have neutral and acidic soil;
(2) and (3) circus propagation: selecting a citrus red with good growth vigor and good fruiting quality and high yield as a mother tree with circled branches in 2019 for 9 months, selecting 2-3 years strong branches without diseases and insect pests from the mother tree, wherein the stem of the branches is about 3cm thick, using a knife to girl two knives at a position which is about 10cm away from the base and is relatively straight and smooth, the distance between the two knives is 3-4 cm, the girdling depth is to reach the xylem, scraping a cambium completely, no mucus can be left on the cambium, binding the girdling part with a medium, covering a film, promoting root growth, and using the root system as a planting seedling after the root system extends out of the medium layer; the preparation method of the medium comprises the following steps: weighing 3kg of fishpond sediment, 40kg of soil, 20kg of organic fertilizer (the organic fertilizer is obtained by fermenting chicken manure and pig manure at 5:1 in a sealed manner at normal temperature for 25 days), 25kg of rice straw, 6kg of coconut husk, 6.5kg of pine needle, 0.005kg of indoleacetic acid, 0.0001kg of dimethyl sulfone and 0.2kg of xanthium juice (the xanthium juice is obtained by mixing xanthium root, flower and fruit with a total bud in a weight ratio of 3:2:1, mashing, and taking juice), crushing the fishpond sediment, the soil, the organic fertilizer, the rice straw, the coconut husk and the pine needle respectively, sieving by a 190-mesh sieve, adding the indoleacetic acid, the dimethyl sulfone and the xanthium juice, mixing uniformly, controlling the water content of the medium obtained after mixing to be 45-47%, and obtaining the feed with the medium dosage of each loop branch to be 0.5-1.0 kg;
(3) planting: field planting in 2019 for 10 months, wherein the specifications of the field planting holes are that the length, the width and the height are 1.2 multiplied by 1.1 multiplied by 1.3 meters, and the planting density is 350-360 plants/hm2The row spacing is 5.0m multiplied by 5.0m, and the seeds are plantedFully and uniformly mixing soil dug out of the planting hole with 18kg of mixed fertilizer, 0.4kg of lime powder and 1.5kg of plant ash, filling the mixture into the planting hole, placing healthy disease-free seedlings obtained by the circled branch propagation in the step (1) at the center of the planting hole, strengthening the center, covering soil and compacting, fixing the seedlings, pouring root fixing water, covering the roots of the seedlings with rice straws, and performing conventional management on the rest parts to obtain the fertilizer; wherein the mixed fertilizer is obtained by uniformly mixing 90kg of decomposed poultry manure and 55kg of biological bacterial fertilizer in kg; the decomposed poultry manure is prepared by mixing chicken manure, duck manure and sheep manure in any proportion, and fermenting at normal temperature for 35 days in a sealing manner. And after the seedlings are subjected to conventional management for 30 days after field planting, the survival rate of the seedlings is counted and is 99.6 percent.
The medium formed by the ratio limited in the invention is soft in texture and rich in nutrition, the medium also has the effects of preventing plant diseases and insect pests, preventing rot and sterilizing after the cocklebur juice is mixed with other components, and after the circled branches are propagated, the oxygen is sufficient within the humidity range of the invention, so that the rhizome can be promoted to be thickened and prolonged, and the survival rate of the obtained planted seedlings is higher.
The foregoing descriptions of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain certain principles of the invention and its practical application to enable one skilled in the art to make and use various exemplary embodiments of the invention and various alternatives and modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (5)
1. The cultivation method of the pummelo peel is characterized by comprising the following operation steps:
(1) selecting land;
(2) and (3) circus propagation: selecting 3cm thick red tangerine peel at a position where branches are straight and smooth, girdling two cutters at a position where the branches are straight and smooth 7-9 months per year, wherein the girdling depth is about to reach xylem, scraping a cambium completely, binding the girdling position with a medium, promoting root growth, and taking the root system as a planting seedling after the root system extends out of the medium layer; the medium is prepared by mixing 1-5 parts of fishpond sediment, 30-50 parts of soil, 15-25 parts of organic fertilizer, 20-30 parts of rice straw, 5-7 parts of coconut chaff, 6-7 parts of pine needle, 0.005-0.006 part of indoleacetic acid, 0.0001-0.0002 part of dimethyl sulfone and 0.1-0.3 part of xanthium juice according to parts by weight;
(3) planting: planting for 8-10 months, namely, fully and uniformly mixing soil dug out of a planting hole with 15-20kg of mixed fertilizer, 0.2-0.5kg of lime powder and 1-2kg of plant ash, filling the mixture into the planting hole, placing healthy disease-free seedlings obtained by the circled branch propagation in the step (1) at the central position of the hole, spraying root fixing water, and managing the rest according to the conventional method to obtain the fertilizer; wherein the mixed fertilizer is obtained by uniformly mixing 80-100 parts by weight of decomposed poultry manure and 50-60 parts by weight of biological bacterial fertilizer.
2. The cultivation method of exocarpium citri rubrum according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the medium in the step (2) comprises the following steps: weighing 1-5 parts of fishpond sediment, 30-50 parts of soil, 15-25 parts of organic fertilizer, 20-30 parts of rice straw, 5-7 parts of coconut husk, 6-7 parts of pine needle, 0.005-0.006 part of indoleacetic acid, 0.0001-0.0002 part of dimethyl sulfone and 0.1-0.3 part of xanthium juice according to parts by weight, respectively crushing the fishpond sediment, the soil, the organic fertilizer, the rice straw, the coconut husk and the pine needle, sieving the crushed materials with a 170-minus sieve of 200 meshes, adding the indoleacetic acid, the dimethyl sulfone and the xanthium juice, mixing and stirring uniformly, and controlling the water content of the medium obtained after mixing to be 45-47 percent.
3. The cultivation method of exocarpium citri rubrum according to claim 1, wherein: the cocklebur juice is prepared by mixing cocklebur root, flower and fruit with involucre according to the weight ratio of 3:2:1, mashing and taking juice.
4. The cultivation method of exocarpium citri rubrum according to claim 1, wherein: the organic fertilizer in the step (2) is obtained by fermenting chicken manure and pig manure for 20-30 days at normal temperature in a sealed manner according to the ratio of 5: 1.
5. The cultivation method of exocarpium citri rubrum according to claim 1, wherein: and (3) mixing the decomposed poultry manure in the step (3) with one or more of chicken manure, duck manure, cow manure, pig manure or sheep manure in any proportion, and fermenting at normal temperature in a sealing manner for 30-40 days to obtain the poultry manure.
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