CN111973660A - 含有植物提取物的混合物或所述植物中所含分子的混合物的组合物及其用途 - Google Patents
含有植物提取物的混合物或所述植物中所含分子的混合物的组合物及其用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111973660A CN111973660A CN202010730803.8A CN202010730803A CN111973660A CN 111973660 A CN111973660 A CN 111973660A CN 202010730803 A CN202010730803 A CN 202010730803A CN 111973660 A CN111973660 A CN 111973660A
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Abstract
本发明的主题是至少包含至少从下述获得的分子的混合物的组合物:‑金黄洋甘菊,和‑洋蓟,和‑欧洲越橘,所述分子的混合物还包含胡椒碱。该组合物特别可用作用于预防和/或抵抗在人或动物中的碳水化合物和/或脂肪代谢障碍的营养产品或保健产品。
Description
本申请是申请日为2015年10月20日、申请号为201580047218.5、发明名称为“含有植物提取物的混合物或所述植物中所含分子的混合物的组合物,以及用于控制碳水化合物和/或脂质代谢的用途”的发明专利申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及预防和治疗人或动物中的碳水化合物和/或脂肪代谢障碍。
背景技术
2型糖尿病是最常见的糖尿病形式,是慢性的进行性代谢疾病。其特征在于慢性的高血糖,即血液中异常高浓度的糖,和对碳水化合物的不耐受。该慢性高血糖状态的主要原因是对胰岛素的抗性和响应给定代谢状态的胰岛素分泌不足,但是可能涉及其它因素(Ismail-Beigi F N Engl J Med 2012;366:1319-27)。抵抗2型糖尿病的主要方法应该是降低血糖水平,将糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)降低至小于或等于6.5%的水平,并提高对胰岛素的敏感性。
2型糖尿病的治疗首先由改变生活方式或卫生饮食措施(HDM:饮食、吸烟、身体和体育活动)组成。如果HDM不够,则应该使用抗糖尿病治疗剂,通常是二甲双胍。然而,二甲双胍具有许多医学禁忌症,如慢性肾功能不全、酸中毒、缺氧、脱水等。因此,对于二甲双胍存在显著的矛盾论点,因为其处方在具有肾功能不全的2型糖尿病患者的情况下是不可能的,但是肾功能不全是2型糖尿病的常见后果之一。已经开发了其它治疗剂,如二肽基肽酶-IV(DPP-IV) 抑制剂、胰高血糖素样肽-1(GLP-1)类似物、噻唑烷二酮类(TZD)、磺脲类、糖苷酶抑制剂(阿卡波糖、米格列醇、伏格列波糖)或钠-葡萄糖协同转运蛋白-2(SGLT2)抑制剂。然而,正确的治疗组合是复杂的,因为其需要考虑大量的因素,如影响患者的生活质量并因此影响其对医疗的遵守的禁忌症和副作用。此外,某些治疗组合增加了全因死亡率,如二甲双胍与磺酰脲的组合(Prescrire Int 2015;24:130-5)。
由于HDM很少被患者遵守,因此必须非常快速地形成具有与这些分子相关的所有副作用和禁忌症的治疗性治疗,并且目前没有适合于HDM与形成治疗性治疗之间的2型糖尿病患者的护理管理的解决方案。
此外,2型糖尿病患者具有心血管发病-死亡率的高风险。因此,还必须在护理管理中包括常规心血管风险因素,特别是例如控制循环脂肪、重量和动脉压。这种必要性目前要求同时服用几个不同治疗类别的药物。然而,药物的组合有时可能引起严重的副反应,例如同时施用贝特类和他汀类药物,这增加肌病的风险(Denke MA J Manag Care Pharm 2003;9:17-9)。
因此,确实需要可在心脏代谢病理的减弱形成期间和这些病理(特别是2型糖尿病)的爆发期间使用的产品,心脏代谢病理的特征在于增加某些危险因素(碳水化合物障碍、脂肪障碍、超重、炎症、氧化应激、动脉高压)。
此外,迫切需要其"多靶点"作用机制在依从性、耐受性和功效方面具有优势的预防性解决方案和药物。此类产品将使得可以降低心脏代谢疾病的总体风险并且预防和治疗各功能障碍和/或其独立发生的后果。
发明简述
本发明的目标是通过提出能够同时作用于几种碳水化合物和脂肪功能障碍的组合物来满足这些各种需要,所述组合物代表有利于预防和治疗心脏代谢疾病及其并发症的预防手段和治疗手段。
为了达到其目标,本发明涉及至少包含至少从下述得到的分子的混合物的组合物:
-金黄洋甘菊(Chrysanthellum indicum),和
-洋蓟(Cynara scolymus),和
-欧洲越橘(Vaccinium myrtillus),
所述分子的混合物还包含胡椒碱。
其为协同混合物,因为存在于所述混合物中的分子起协同作用。
已经描述了金黄洋甘菊提取物、洋蓟提取物、欧洲越橘提取物和胡椒碱,并且它们中的一些已经用于营养产品中,但是出人意料的是,至少一种金黄洋甘菊提取物与至少一种洋蓟提取物、欧洲越橘提取物和胡椒碱的组合在人或动物中的碳水化合物代谢和脂肪代谢两个方面产生令人惊讶的结果。
为了达到其目的,本发明还涉及至少由胡椒碱和金黄洋甘菊、洋蓟和欧洲越橘含有的特定具体分子(这些分子是天然的和/或合成的)组成的组合物,特别是包含下述的组合物:至少四种分子,至少一种胡椒碱分子,至少一种选自芹菜素7-O-葡糖苷酸、chrysanthellin A、chrysanthellin B、咖啡酸、木犀草素、金鸡菊素、圣草酚、异奥卡宁、芹菜素、木犀草素7-O-葡糖苷、金鸡菊甙、马里甙、圣草酚7-O-葡糖苷、flavomarein、芹菜素8-C-α-L-阿拉伯糖苷-6-C-β-D-葡糖苷(夏佛塔苷)、芹菜素6,8-C-二-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(维采宁-2)或它们的类似物的分子,和至少一种选自二咖啡酰奎尼酸、硫代单咖啡酰奎宁酸、木犀草素、木犀草素7-O-葡糖苷、木犀草素7-O-葡糖苷酸、芹菜素7-O-葡糖苷、洋蓟内酯或它们的类似物的分子,和至少一种选自单咖啡酰奎宁酸、翠雀素3-半乳糖苷、翠雀素3-葡糖苷、花青素3-半乳糖苷、翠雀素3-阿拉伯糖苷、花青素3-葡糖苷、矮牵牛配基3-半乳糖苷、花青素3-阿拉伯糖苷、矮牵牛配基3-葡糖苷、甲基花青素3-半乳糖苷、矮牵牛配基3-阿拉伯糖苷、甲基花青素3-葡糖苷、锦葵色素3-半乳糖苷、锦葵色素3-葡糖苷、锦葵色素3-阿拉伯糖苷或它们的类似物的分子。
在本申请中,将使用单数或复数而不优选表示根据本发明的组合物。
有利地,根据本发明的组合物预防慢性高血糖的形成并降低血糖、减少糖化血红蛋白、允许改进对摄入的碳水化合物的耐受性、改进对胰岛素的敏感性,但还能够作用于其它心血管危险因素如血脂异常、超重和肥胖以及动脉张力。此外,它们对于用现有治疗观察到的那些和正在进行开发的那些具有很少或没有副作用。
因此,本发明还涉及所述组合物作为营养产品或保健产品,特别是作为药物,特别是用于预防和/或抵抗人或动物中的碳水化合物和脂肪代谢障碍的用途。
附图说明
将参考附图详细描述本发明,其示出:
-图1:对应于表9中的结果(点II.1)的四种组合物对胰岛素敏感性的口服试验的结果;
-图2:表明由根据本发明的组合物提供的协同效应的结果,这些结果对应于空腹血糖的表13(点II.1)的结果;
-图3:表明由根据本发明的组合物提供的协同效应的结果,这些结果对应于碳水化合物耐受性的表13(点II.1)的结果;
-图4:表明由根据本发明的组合物提供的协同效应的结果,这些结果对应于空腹血糖的表14(点II.1)的结果;
-图5:表明由根据本发明的组合物提供的协同效应的结果,这些结果对应于碳水化合物耐受性的表14(点II.1)的结果;
-图6:表明由根据本发明的组合物提供的协同效应的结果,这些结果对应于胰岛素敏感性的表14(点II.1)的结果;
-图7:关于根据本发明的组合物和二甲双胍对胰岛素敏感性的效果的结果,这些结果对应于表15(点II.2)的结果;
-图8:关于根据本发明的组合物对体重变化的效果的结果,这些结果对应于表15(点II.2)的结果;
-图9:关于根据本发明的组合物对空腹血糖变化的效果的结果,这些结果对应于表15(点II.2)的结果;
-图10:示出使用根据本发明的组合物的小鼠肝脏中AMPK量增加的免疫印迹的结果(点II.2);
-图11:示出使用根据本发明的组合物不存在急性低血糖效应的试验的结果(点II.3);
-图12:示出根据本发明的组合物在体重增加方面的效果的试验的结果(点II.4)。
发明详述
本发明的主题为至少包含至少从下述得到的分子的混合物的组合物:
-金黄洋甘菊,和
-洋蓟,和
-欧洲越橘,
所述分子的混合物还包含胡椒碱。
因此,本发明涉及一种组合物,其至少包含胡椒碱、至少一种来源于金黄洋甘菊的分子、至少一种来源于洋蓟的分子和至少一种来源于欧洲越橘的分子。
除金黄洋甘菊、洋蓟、欧洲越橘和胡椒碱之外,根据本发明的组合物还可以含有其它化合物,特别是齐墩果(Olea europea)的提取物。在这种情况下,根据本发明的组合物包含至少一种来源于金黄洋甘菊的分子、至少一种来源于洋蓟的分子、至少一种来源于欧洲越橘的分子和至少一种来源于齐墩果的分子和胡椒碱。
根据第一实施方式,根据本发明的组合物至少包含:
-金黄洋甘菊的提取物,和
-洋蓟的提取物,和
-欧洲越橘的提取物,和
-合成胡椒碱和/或含有胡椒碱的胡椒属提取物。
对于本发明的目的,术语"植物"X"提取物或植物"X"原材料"表示至少一种通过任何适合的工艺从植物"X"获得的分子,优选一组分子。可特别提及水性提取物(使用水性溶剂获得)、醇提取物(使用醇溶剂获得)或使用有机溶剂,或使用天然脂肪物质或天然脂肪物质的混合物,特别是植物油或植物油的混合物。术语"水性溶剂"表示全部或部分由水组成的任何溶剂。因此可提及水本身、任何比例的水-醇溶剂或由任何比例的水和诸如甘油或丙二醇的化合物组成的溶剂。醇溶剂之中,可特别提及乙醇。
对于本发明的目的,术语"植物或植物原材料"表示完整植物或植物部分,包括细胞培养物,其还没有经历特定处理并且意图包括在植物制剂的制造中。
植物提取物可通过任何适合的工艺,例如,通过包含下述步骤的工艺获得:
-固体/液体提取
-分离/压制
-过滤
-蒸发
-干燥
-任选加入添加剂
-匀化
-调理。
金黄洋甘菊提取物优选是完整植物或地上部分的提取物。
其可以特别是水-醇或水或亚临界CO2或亚临界H2O提取物,或与通过标准加热或在微波频率下或在超声波下进行的热处理组合。
植物/提取物之比优选在1/1至100/1之间,特别是在1/1至25/1之间。
当意图用于人时,根据本发明的组合物优选包含允许每公斤施用所述组合物的人的体重和每天施用至少0.00001g、特别是0.00001g至0.60g的金黄洋甘菊提取物的量的金黄洋甘菊提取物。
金黄洋甘菊提取物优选包含至少一种选自芹菜素7-O-葡糖苷酸、chrysanthellinA、chrysanthellin B、咖啡酸、木犀草素、金鸡菊素、圣草酚、异奥卡宁、芹菜素、木犀草素7-O-葡糖苷、金鸡菊甙、马里甙、圣草酚7-O-葡糖苷、flavomarein、芹菜素8-C-α-L-阿拉伯糖苷-6-C-β-D-葡糖苷(夏佛塔苷)、芹菜素6,8-C-二-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(维采宁-2)或它们的类似物的分子。所述提取物优选至少包含芹菜素7-O-葡糖苷酸。
对于本发明的目的,术语"类似物"表示具有与另一化合物类似的化学结构但通过某个组分与其不同的所有化合物。其可以通过一种或多种原子、被其它原子取代的官能团和亚结构、官能团或亚结构而不同。可提及的实例包括芹菜素7-O-葡糖苷酸如芹菜素7-芹菜糖苷(apioglucoside)、芹菜素8-C-葡糖苷(牡荆黄素)、芹菜素6-C-葡糖苷(异牡荆黄素)、芹菜素7-O-新橘皮糖苷、芹菜素7-葡糖苷、芹菜素7-芹菜糖苷。
洋蓟提取物优选是叶或根的提取物。
其可以特别是水-醇或水或亚临界CO2或亚临界H2O提取物,或与通过标准加热或在微波频率下或在超声波下进行的热处理组合。
植物/提取物之比优选在1/1至100/1之间,特别是在1/1至30/1之间。
当意图用于人时,根据本发明的组合物优选包含允许每公斤施用所述组合物的人的体重和每天施用至少0.00001g、特别是0.00001g至0.60g的洋蓟提取物的量的洋蓟提取物。
洋蓟提取物优选包含至少一种选自二咖啡酰奎尼酸、硫代单咖啡酰奎宁酸、木犀草素、木犀草素7-O-葡糖苷、木犀草素7-O-葡糖苷酸、芹菜素7-O-葡糖苷、洋蓟内酯或它们的类似物的分子。所述提取物优选包含至少一种二咖啡酰奎尼酸。
欧洲越橘提取物优选是果实或叶的提取物。
其可以特别是水-醇或水或亚临界CO2或亚临界H2O提取物,或与通过标准加热或在微波频率下或在超声波下进行的热处理组合。
植物/提取物之比优选在1/1至200/1之间,特别是在1/1至60/1之间。
当意图用于人时,根据本发明的组合物优选包含允许每公斤施用所述组合物的人的体重和每天施用至少0.00001g、特别是0.00001g至0.60g的欧洲越橘提取物的量的欧洲越橘提取物。
欧洲越橘提取物优选包含至少一种选自单咖啡酰奎宁酸、翠雀素3-半乳糖苷、翠雀素3-葡糖苷、花青素3-半乳糖苷、翠雀素3-阿拉伯糖苷、花青素3-葡糖苷、矮牵牛配基3-半乳糖苷、花青素3-阿拉伯糖苷、矮牵牛配基3-葡糖苷、甲基花青素3-半乳糖苷、矮牵牛配基3-阿拉伯糖苷、甲基花青素3-葡糖苷、锦葵色素3-半乳糖苷、锦葵色素3-葡糖苷、锦葵色素3-阿拉伯糖苷或它们的类似物的分子。所述提取物优选包含至少一种单咖啡酰奎宁酸。
存在于根据本发明的组合物中的胡椒碱可包含在胡椒属提取物中,或可以是合成胡椒碱。
胡椒碱的拓扑结构式如下:
当意图用于人时,根据本发明的组合物优选包含允许每公斤施用所述组合物的人的体重和每天施用至少0.001mg、特别是0.001mg至166mg的胡椒碱的量的胡椒碱。
如果胡椒属提取物中含有胡椒碱,则根据本发明的组合物的混合物包含所述提取物。胡椒属提取物优选是黑胡椒、树胡椒和/或荜拔的提取物。
胡椒属提取物优选是果实或叶的提取物。
其可以特别是水-醇或水或亚临界CO2或亚临界H2O提取物,或与通过标准加热或在微波频率下或在超声波下进行的热处理组合。
植物/提取物之比优选在1/1至10000/1之间,特别是在1/1至200/1之间。
相对于提取物的总重量,所述提取物优选包含至少1重量%的胡椒碱。
因此,根据本发明的组合物的混合物优选包含:
-至少胡椒碱,和
-至少一种选自芹菜素7-O-葡糖苷酸、chrysanthellin A、chrysanthellin B、咖啡酸、木犀草素、金鸡菊素、圣草酚、异奥卡宁、芹菜素、木犀草素7-O-葡糖苷、金鸡菊甙、马里甙、圣草酚7-O-葡糖苷、flavomarein、芹菜素8-C-α-L-阿拉伯糖苷-6-C-β-D-葡糖苷(夏佛塔苷)、芹菜素6,8-C-二-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(维采宁-2)或它们的类似物的分子,优选芹菜素7-O-葡糖苷酸,和
-至少一种选自二咖啡酰奎尼酸、硫代单咖啡酰奎宁酸、木犀草素、木犀草素7-O-葡糖苷、木犀草素7-O-葡糖苷酸、芹菜素7-O-葡糖苷、洋蓟内酯或它们的类似物的分子,优选二咖啡酰奎尼酸,和
-至少一种选自单咖啡酰奎宁酸、翠雀素3-半乳糖苷、翠雀素3-葡糖苷、花青素3-半乳糖苷、翠雀素3-阿拉伯糖苷、花青素3-葡糖苷、矮牵牛配基3-半乳糖苷、花青素3-阿拉伯糖苷、矮牵牛配基3-葡糖苷、甲基花青素3-半乳糖苷、矮牵牛配基3-阿拉伯糖苷、甲基花青素3-葡糖苷、锦葵色素3-半乳糖苷、锦葵色素3-葡糖苷、锦葵色素3-阿拉伯糖苷或它们的类似物的分子,优选至少一种单咖啡酰奎宁酸。
除金黄洋甘菊、洋蓟和欧洲越橘的提取物和胡椒碱之外,根据本发明的混合物还可以含有其它化合物,特别是齐墩果提取物。
齐墩果提取物优选是叶或果实的提取物。
其可以特别是水-醇或水或亚临界CO2或亚临界H2O提取物,或与通过标准加热或在微波频率下或在超声波下进行的热处理组合。
植物/提取物之比优选在1/1至200/1之间,特别是在1/1至60/1之间。
当意图用于人时,根据本发明的组合物优选包含允许每公斤施用所述组合物的人的体重和每天施用至少0.00001g、特别是0.00001g至0.60g的齐墩果提取物的量的齐墩果提取物。
齐墩果提取物优选包含至少一种选自橄榄苦苷和羟基酪醇或它们的类似物的分子。
对于本发明的目的,术语"混合物"表示可或不可化学上互相作用的固体、液体或气体形式的物质(提取物和/或分子)的组合。
根据本发明的提取物的混合物通过本领域技术人员已知的任何工艺获得。其可通过所述组分的简单混合获得。
所述混合物中的金黄洋甘菊提取物/洋蓟提取物/欧洲越橘提取物/胡椒碱的比例优选在0.01/0.01/0.01/0.0001至10/10/10/10。
根据一种变型,除由几种植物提取物组成的所述混合物之外或代替由几种植物提取物组成的所述混合物,根据本发明的组合物的分子混合物可以至少包含:
-由选自金黄洋甘菊、洋蓟和欧洲越橘的至少两种植物和胡椒属的混合物获得的单个提取物,和任选
-金黄洋甘菊提取物,如果所述单个提取物的植物混合物不包含金黄洋甘菊,
-洋蓟提取物,如果所述单个提取物的植物混合物不包含洋蓟,
-欧洲越橘提取物,如果所述单个提取物的植物混合物不包含欧洲越橘,
-胡椒碱或胡椒属提取物,如果所述单个提取物的植物混合物不包含胡椒属。
优选地,当所述组合物包含单个提取物时,其包含:
-由至少金黄洋甘菊、洋蓟和欧洲越橘和胡椒属获得的单个提取物,和/或
-胡椒碱和由至少金黄洋甘菊、洋蓟和欧洲越橘获得的单个提取物。
对于本发明的目的,术语"由几种植物"X"获得的单个提取物或植物"X"原材料"表示通过任何适合的工艺从至少两种植物"X"的混合物获得的一组分子。可特别提及水性提取物(使用水性溶剂获得)、醇提取物(使用醇溶剂获得)或使用有机溶剂,或使用天然脂肪物质或天然脂肪物质的混合物,特别是植物油或植物油的混合物。术语"水性溶剂"表示全部或部分由水组成的任何溶剂。因此可提及水本身、任何比例的水-醇溶剂或由任何比例的水和诸如甘油或丙二醇的化合物组成的溶剂。醇溶剂之中,可特别提及乙醇。
对于本发明的目的,术语"植物或植物原材料"表示完整植物或植物部分,包括细胞培养物,其还没有经历特定处理并且意图包括在植物制剂的制造中。
植物"X"的混合物的单个提取物可通过任何适合的工艺,例如,通过包含下述步骤的工艺获得:
-固体/液体提取
-分离/压制
-过滤
-蒸发
-干燥
-任选加入添加剂
-匀化
-调理。
优选使用金黄洋甘菊完整植物或地上部分作为获得单个提取物的植物原材料。相对于用于制备单个提取物的植物混合物的总重量,单个提取物优选由至少0.1重量%的金黄洋甘菊完整植物或地上部分来制备。
优选使用洋蓟的叶或根作为用于获得单个提取物的植物原材料。相对于用于制备单个提取物的植物混合物的总重量,单个提取物优选由至少0.1重量%的洋蓟的叶或根来制备。
优选使用欧洲越橘的果实或叶作为用于获得单个提取物的植物原材料。相对于用于制备单个提取物的植物混合物的总重量,单个提取物优选由至少0.1重量%的欧洲越橘的果实或叶来制备。
如果单个提取物是从包含胡椒属的植物混合物获得,则黑胡椒、树胡椒和/或荜拔的果实或叶优选用作用于获得所述单个提取物的植物原材料。相对于用于制备单个提取物的植物混合物的总重量,单个提取物优选由至少0.0001重量%的黑胡椒和/或树胡椒和/或荜拔的果实或叶来制备。
除其它分子之外,所述单个提取物因此可以至少包含橄榄苦苷、羟基酪醇和/或至少胡椒碱。
所述单个提取物优选包含:
-至少一种选自芹菜素7-O-葡糖苷酸、chrysanthellin A、chrysanthellin B、咖啡酸、木犀草素、金鸡菊素、圣草酚、异奥卡宁、芹菜素、木犀草素7-O-葡糖苷、金鸡菊甙、马里甙、圣草酚7-O-葡糖苷、flavomarein、芹菜素8-C-α-L-阿拉伯糖苷-6-C-β-D-葡糖苷(夏佛塔苷)、芹菜素6,8-C-二-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(维采宁-2)或它们的类似物的分子,优选芹菜素7-O-葡糖苷酸,和
-至少一种选自二咖啡酰奎尼酸、硫代单咖啡酰奎宁酸、木犀草素、木犀草素7-O-葡糖苷、木犀草素7-O-葡糖苷酸、芹菜素7-O-葡糖苷、洋蓟内酯或它们的类似物的分子,优选二咖啡酰奎尼酸,和
-至少一种选自单咖啡酰奎宁酸、翠雀素3-半乳糖苷、翠雀素3-葡糖苷、花青素3-半乳糖苷、翠雀素3-阿拉伯糖苷、花青素3-葡糖苷、矮牵牛配基3-半乳糖苷、花青素3-阿拉伯糖苷、矮牵牛配基3-葡糖苷、甲基花青素3-半乳糖苷、矮牵牛配基3-阿拉伯糖苷、甲基花青素3-葡糖苷、锦葵色素3-半乳糖苷、锦葵色素3-葡糖苷、锦葵色素3-阿拉伯糖苷或它们的类似物的分子,优选至少一种单咖啡酰奎宁酸,和
-胡椒碱。
除金黄洋甘菊、洋蓟和欧洲越橘之外,根据本发明的组合物的单个提取物还可优选从齐墩果获得。优选使用齐墩果的叶或果实作为用于获得单个提取物的植物原材料。相对于用于制备单个提取物的植物混合物的总重量,单个提取物优选由至少0.1重量%的齐墩果的叶或果实来制备。
特别适合的实施方式为包含从金黄洋甘菊、洋蓟、欧洲越橘、胡椒属和齐墩果获得的单个提取物的组合物。
当意图用于人时,包含单个提取物的根据本发明的组合物优选包含相当于每公斤施用所述组合物的人的体重和每天施用至少0.00001g、特别是0.00001g至0.60g的单个提取物的量的单个提取物。
因此,包含植物提取物和/或一种或多种单个提取物的根据本发明的组合物包含:
-至少一种选自芹菜素7-O-葡糖苷酸、chrysanthellin A、chrysanthellin B、咖啡酸、木犀草素、金鸡菊素、圣草酚、异奥卡宁、芹菜素、木犀草素7-O-葡糖苷、金鸡菊甙、马里甙、圣草酚7-O-葡糖苷、flavomarein、芹菜素8-C-α-L-阿拉伯糖苷-6-C-β-D-葡糖苷(夏佛塔苷)、芹菜素6,8-C-二-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(维采宁-2)或它们的类似物的分子,优选芹菜素7-O-葡糖苷酸,和
-选自二咖啡酰奎尼酸、硫代单咖啡酰奎宁酸、木犀草素、木犀草素7-O-葡糖苷、木犀草素7-O-葡糖苷酸、芹菜素7-O-葡糖苷、洋蓟内酯或它们的类似物,优选二咖啡酰奎尼酸,和
-至少一种选自单咖啡酰奎宁酸、翠雀素3-半乳糖苷、翠雀素3-葡糖苷、花青素3-半乳糖苷、翠雀素3-阿拉伯糖苷、花青素3-葡糖苷、矮牵牛配基3-半乳糖苷、花青素3-阿拉伯糖苷、矮牵牛配基3-葡糖苷、甲基花青素3-半乳糖苷、矮牵牛配基3-阿拉伯糖苷、甲基花青素3-葡糖苷、锦葵色素3-半乳糖苷、锦葵色素3-葡糖苷、锦葵色素3-阿拉伯糖苷或它们的类似物的分子,优选至少一种单咖啡酰奎宁酸,和
-至少胡椒碱,
-和任选,优选至少一种选自橄榄苦苷、羟基酪醇或它们的类似物的分子。
根据另一个方面,本发明还涉及包含至少四种分子的混合物的组合物,这些分子可以是合成分子和/或天然分子,特别是来源于植物原材料:
-至少一种选自芹菜素7-O-葡糖苷酸、chrysanthellin A、chrysanthellin B、咖啡酸、木犀草素、金鸡菊素、圣草酚、异奥卡宁、芹菜素、木犀草素7-O-葡糖苷、金鸡菊甙、马里甙、圣草酚7-O-葡糖苷、flavomarein、芹菜素8-C-α-L-阿拉伯糖苷-6-C-β-D-葡糖苷(夏佛塔苷)、芹菜素6,8-C-二-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(维采宁-2)或它们的类似物的分子,和
-至少一种选自二咖啡酰奎尼酸、硫代单咖啡酰奎宁酸、木犀草素、木犀草素7-O-葡糖苷、木犀草素7-O-葡糖苷酸、芹菜素7-O-葡糖苷、洋蓟内酯或它们的类似物的分子,和
-至少一种选自单咖啡酰奎宁酸、翠雀素3-半乳糖苷、翠雀素3-葡糖苷、花青素3-半乳糖苷、翠雀素3-阿拉伯糖苷、花青素3-葡糖苷、矮牵牛配基3-半乳糖苷、花青素3-阿拉伯糖苷、矮牵牛配基3-葡糖苷、甲基花青素3-半乳糖苷、矮牵牛配基3-阿拉伯糖苷、甲基花青素3-葡糖苷、锦葵色素3-半乳糖苷、锦葵色素3-葡糖苷、锦葵色素3-阿拉伯糖苷或它们的类似物的分子,和
-至少胡椒碱。
至少一种前面的三种分子为合成分子。实际上,与可以是合成或天然的胡椒碱无关,至少一种其它分子为合成分子。
除这些至少四种分子之外,所述混合物还可以包含至少一种选自橄榄苦苷、羟基酪醇或它们的类似物的分子,这些分子可以是合成或天然分子。
根据特别适合的变型,所述混合物包含至少一种二咖啡酰奎尼酸、芹菜素7-O-葡糖苷酸、单咖啡酰奎宁酸、胡椒碱和橄榄苦苷。根据本发明的组合物的分子的混合物可仅由二咖啡酰奎尼酸、芹菜素7-O-葡糖苷酸、单咖啡酰奎宁酸、胡椒碱和橄榄苦苷组成。
根据其它变型,根据本发明的组合物可以包含存在于本申请中的目标提取物和分子的混合物(例如金黄洋甘菊的提取物和至少一种选自二咖啡酰奎尼酸、硫代单咖啡酰奎宁酸、木犀草素、木犀草素7-O-葡糖苷、木犀草素7-O-葡糖苷酸、芹菜素7-O-葡糖苷、洋蓟内酯或它们的类似物的分子,和至少一种选自单咖啡酰奎宁酸、翠雀素3-半乳糖苷、翠雀素3-葡糖苷、花青素3-半乳糖苷、翠雀素3-阿拉伯糖苷、花青素3-葡糖苷、矮牵牛配基3-半乳糖苷、花青素3-阿拉伯糖苷、矮牵牛配基3-葡糖苷、甲基花青素3-半乳糖苷、矮牵牛配基3-阿拉伯糖苷、甲基花青素3-葡糖苷、锦葵色素3-半乳糖苷、锦葵色素3-葡糖苷、锦葵色素3-阿拉伯糖苷或它们的类似物的分子,和至少胡椒碱等)。根据本发明的组合物在其不同的变型中可仅由描述的元素(植物提取物和/或单个提取物和/或至少四种分子的混合物)组成,或除所述植物提取物和/或单个提取物或至少四种分子的混合物之外,还可以包含至少一种额外元素(产品、分子、提取物、有效成分、赋形剂等),所述额外元素可选自:
-下述维生素:B1、B2、B3、B5、B6、B8、B9、B12、C、A、D、E、K1和K2;
-下述化合物:奥贝胆酸、科罗索酸、ω6和/或ω3族的多不饱和脂肪酸、乳清酸、潘盖米酸、对氨基苯甲酸、扁桃苷、β-葡聚糖、肉碱、二甲基甘氨酸、伊格列明、异黄酮、L-精氨酸、催产素、果胶、吡哆胺、白藜芦醇、葡萄素、L-瓜氨酸;
-下述痕量元素和矿物质:砷、硼、钙、铜、铁、氟、碘、锂、锰、镁、钼、镍、磷、硒、钒、锌;
-下述非必要属性的微量成分:共轭亚麻酸、硫辛酸、类胡萝卜素、肉碱、胆碱、辅酶Q10、植物固醇、丹宁酸和木酚素族的多酚、牛磺酸;
-果寡糖、低聚半乳糖;
-乳酸-发酵细菌;
-酵母,例如红米酵母(紫红曲霉);
-真菌,例如灰树花;
-来源于与食品和制药部门相容的昆虫的产品;
-大麻和哈希什;
-涂布剂:例如羟丙甲纤维素、微晶纤维素、硬脂酸、滑石、蔗糖、虫胶、聚烯吡酮、蜂蜡;
-香料:例如蓝莓的天然香料或草莓的天然香料;
-酸化剂如苹果酸;
-抗团聚剂:例如二氧化硅或硬脂酸镁;
-增稠剂如黄原胶、胶态氧化硅、脂肪酸单甘油酯和甘油二酯;
-稳定剂如磷酸钙;
-乳化剂如大豆磷脂;
-填充剂如玉米淀粉;
-赋形剂:例如微晶纤维素、硬脂酸镁或磷酸二钙。
根据本发明的组合物还可以包含至少一种下述植物原材料的一种或多种提取物和/或至少一种下述植物材料中含有的一种或多种分子和/或也可从至少一种下述植物原材料获得的单个提取物:秋葵、银枞、香脂冷杉、西伯利亚冷杉、阿拉伯金合欢、阿拉伯胶树、千叶蓍、牛膝、金钮扣、黑升麻、猕猴桃、美味猕猴桃、猴面包树、铁线蕨、欧洲七叶树、天堂椒、布枯叶油、Agathosma crenulata、Agathosma serratifolia、欧洲龙牙草、匍筋骨草、合欢花、羽衣草、葱芥、象大蒜、洋葱、大蒜、北葱、熊葱、桤木、芒芦荟、芦荟、阿洛伊西亚柠檬桉、大高良姜、草豆蔻、高良姜、益智、药蜀葵、阿米芹、蒟蒻、菠萝、穿心莲、知母、莳萝、白芷根、白芷、独活、当归、蝶须、蜡叶峨参、疗伤绒毛花、水华束丝藻拉尔夫斯(Aphanizomenonflos-aquae Ralfs)、芹菜、花生、龙芽楤木、牛蒡、小牛蒡、摩洛哥坚果、Armoricarustanica、狭叶青蒿、北艾、褐藻、红灌木、芦笋、黄芪、苍术、白术、南洋杉、燕麦、死藤水、侧孢毛旱地菊、假马齿苋、黑夏至草、印度簕竹、雏菊、血红小檗、甜菜、加拿大黄桦、垂枝桦、欧洲桦、红木、琉璃苣、齿叶乳香树、油菜籽、黑芥、甘蓝、芸苔、北柴胡、金盏花、帚石楠、野茶树、荠菜、辣椒、沙生苔草、番木瓜、无茎刺苞木、Carphephorus odoratissmus、欧洲鹅耳、红花、藏茴香、阿勃勒、欧洲栗、Centaurea centaurium、矢车菊、百金花、积雪草、欧洲酸樱桃、长角豆、Chaenomelum nobile、小球藻、皱波角叉菜、金黄洋甘菊、菊苣、金鸡纳树、鸡纳树、樟树、肉桂、锡兰肉桂、肉苁蓉、百瑞木、酸橙、柠檬、柚子、香橼、Citrus myrtifolia、椪柑、橙子、葡萄柚、风轮菜、藏掖花、岩荠、椰子、党参、中果咖啡、Coix lacryma-jobivar.mayyuen Stapf、苏丹可乐果、Cola ballayi cornu、光亮可乐果、小花风车子、印度没药、小蓬草、芫荽、山茱萸、欧榛、柠檬桉、山楂、单子山楂、海茴香、番红花、甜瓜、西葫芦、孜然芹、地中海柏木、菟丝子、瓜尔豆、川牛膝、小雀瓜、榅桲、玫瑰草、亚香茅、枫茅、朝鲜蓟、香附、野胡萝卜、菊花、变叶山蚂蝗、龙眼、Dioscorea oppostifolia、长柔毛薯蓣、柿、Dunaliella saliena、松果菊、苍白松果菊、紫锥菊、Elaegnus rhamnoides、小豆蔻、刺五加、匍匐披碱草、柳兰、小花柳叶菜、问荆、苏格兰欧石南、轮生叶欧石南、枇杷、北美圣草、芹叶牻牛儿苗、Eryngium campestre、花菱草、Eucalyptus dives Schauer、蓝桉、澳洲尤加利、Eucalyptus smithii F.Muell、杜仲、红果仔、番木瓜(Eugenia jambolana)、Euphrasiastricta D.Wolff、蔬食埃塔棕、荞麦、虎杖、阿魏、无花果、旋果蚊草子、茴香、连翘、Fragaria dodonei Ard.、Frangula purshiana Cooper、欧洲白蜡树、Fraxinus ortus、齿缘墨角藻、墨角藻、球果紫菫、Galeopsis segetum Neck.、Galium odotarum、蓬子菜、栀子、天麻、角质石花菜、龙胆、汉荭鱼腥草、Geum urbanum、银杏、大豆、光果甘草、甘草、细江蓠、胶草、Grindelia robusta Nutt.、卷苞胶草、Gymnema sylvestris、雨生红球藻、北美金缕梅、南非钩麻、Harpagophytum zeyheri Decne.、Hedeoma pluegioides Pers.、向日葵、菊芋、沙生蜡菊、法国腊菊、治疝草、玫瑰茄、绿毛山柳菊、伸长海条藻、大麦、鱼腥草、蛇足石杉、神香草、马黛茶(Ilex paraguariensis A.St.-Hill)、八角、凤仙花、旋覆花、土木香、素馨花、素方花、刺柏、鸭嘴花、Kavalama urens、Krameria lappacea、大花紫薇、掌状海带、北方海带、短柄野芝麻、欧洲落叶松、山地落叶松、月桂、狭叶薰衣草、宽叶薰衣草、杜香、灰白益母草、玛卡、水芹、头状胡枝子、欧当归、乌药、Linus usitatissimum、北美枫香、百脉根、枸杞、宁夏枸杞、西红柿、石松、欧地笋、千屈菜、澳洲坚果、巨藻、厚朴、光滑金虎尾、苹果、嘎啦苹果、樟子松、锦葵、芒果、竹芋、欧夏至草、Marsdenia cundurango、Marsdeniasylvestris、鹿角菜、德国洋甘菊、紫花苜蓿、白千层、Melaleuca cajuputi Powell、白千层(Melaleuca leucadendra)、Melaleuca quinquenrvia、绿花白千层、Melilotusaltissimus Thuill.、黄香草木樨、薄荷、胡椒薄荷、睡菜、冰叶日中花、管蜂香草、诺丽、巴戟天、桑树、黑桑、九里香、大蕉、疑拟香桃木、肉蔻、香脂树、香桃木、匙叶甘松、豆瓣菜、莲藕、猫薄荷、荆芥、黑种草、罗勒、月见草、红芒柄花、麦冬、梨果仙人掌、Origanum compactumBenth.、墨角兰、牛至、猫须草、水稻、芍药、牡丹、红藻、人参、西洋参、糜子、虞美人、药用墙草、西番莲、欧防风、亚马逊香无患子、香叶天竺葵、紫苏、鳄梨、Persicaria bistorta、Persicaria maculosa Gray、香芹、Peucadanum ostruthium、檬立米科植物博路都树、菜豆、黄檗、Photinia melancarpa、余甘子、酸浆、Phymatolithon calcareum、欧洲云杉、多香果、香叶多香果、茴芹、Pimpinella major、虎儿草茴芹、Pinus mugo Turra、海岸松、欧洲赤松、乳香黄连木、沙生车前、长叶车前、宽叶车前、卵叶车前、桔梗、Plectranthus barbatusAndrews、广藿香、美远志、卵叶远志、远志、萹蓄、黑杨、杨树、美洲山杨、紫菜、马齿苋、洋委陵菜、黄花九轮草、夏枯草、非洲李、杏、黑加仑、鹅莓、狗蔷薇、法国蔷薇、麝香玫瑰、锈红蔷薇、迷迭香、欧洲木莓、欧洲黑莓、覆盆子、Rumex actetosa、小酸模、皱叶酸模、Rumexpatienta、假叶树、昆布、Saccharina latissima、白柳、爆竹柳、五蕊柳、红皮柳、药用鼠尾草、Salvia officinalis subsp.lavandulifolia Gams、南欧丹参、西洋接骨木、地榆、Sanicula elata Buch.-Ham.Ex D.Don、檀香、薰衣草棉、防风、羊栖菜、夏季香薄荷、冬季风轮菜、云木香、Scrophularia ningpoensis Helmsl.、黄芩苷、黑麦、苔景天、Sedum roseum、Senna alexandrina Mill.、Senna obustifolia、Smilax cordifolia Humb.&Bonpl.、土茯苓、Smilax officinalis Kunth、Smilax purhampuy Ruiz、Smilax purhampuy Ruiz、Smilax regelli Killip和C.V.Morton、Smilax vanillidora Apt、茄子、马铃薯、毛果一枝黄花、花楸树、鸡血藤、菠菜、Spirulina major Kützing、Spirulina maxima Geitler、钝顶螺旋藻、Stavhys officinalis、Stemmacantha carthamoides Dittrich、Stypholobiumjaponicum、丁子香、万寿菊、酸豆、Tanacetum parthemium、诃子、可可树、Thymussaturejoides Coss.、红花百里香、银斑百里香、洋百里香、Tilia cordata Mill.、Tiliaplatyphyllos Scop.、椴树、Tilia euopaea、蒺藜、栝楼、石苜蓿、草原车轴草、红车轴草、白车轴草、胡蓝果、胡芦巴、普通小麦、Tricitum durum Desf.、Tricitum spelta L.、波兰小麦、旱金莲、Turnera diffusa Willd.、榆树、垂枝榆、Ulmus rubra Muhl.、石莼、儿茶钩藤、Uncaria rhynchophylla Miq.、钩藤、裙带菜、大荨麻、欧荨麻、大果越桔、红莓苔子、Vaccinium vitis-idea、蜘蛛香、缬草、香荚兰、密花毛蕊草、毛蕊花、马鞭草、婆婆纳、欧洲荚蒾、Vigna angularis Ohwi&H.Ohashi、蔓长春花、小蔓长春花、Viola palustris、三色堇、穗花牡荆、蔓荆、酿酒葡萄、玉米、生姜、枣树。
根据本发明的组合物可以是任何形式,特别是粉末、凝胶、乳液形式或液体形式,特别是片剂、薄片胶囊、凝胶胶囊、棒、小袋、小瓶、滴管或可注射的形式。
根据本发明的组合物可用作营养产品或保健品,特别作为药物。
术语"营养产品"表示具有营养和/或生理效应的任何产品,其尤其包含食品增补剂、食品、饮食产品等。这些产品可特别经由口腔、胃或静脉途径施用。
术语"保健品"表示对健康、预防或治疗具有有益效果的任何产品,无论该效果是生理性的或药理性的,特别是药物、制药产品。这些产品可特别经由口腔、胃、静脉或皮肤途径施用。
根据本发明的组合物可用于预防和/或抵抗人或动物中的碳水化合物和/或脂肪代谢障碍。
它们特别适合于预防和/或抵抗人或动物中的2型糖尿病。具体地,它们使得可以预防慢性高血糖的形成、减少空腹血糖和糖化血红蛋白、循环和肝脏甘油三酯、体重和脂肪量,以增加HDL胆固醇("好的胆固醇")和改进对摄取的碳水化合物的耐受性和胰岛素敏感性。在HDM形成期间,它们可以预防性地用于治疗2型糖尿病和作为一线治疗,因此使得可以推迟常规口服抗糖尿病分子的施用。它们还特别适用于单独或与其它药理学治疗联合以治疗2型糖尿病及其并发症,特别是非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)。
根据本发明的组合物还可以用于预防和/或抵抗1型糖尿病和/或非酒精性脂肪肝疾病,特别是非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(NASH),和/或心血管病理,特别是冠状动脉心脏病、脑血管疾病、外周动脉病、深静脉血栓形成和/或与胰岛素耐药性相关的病理,例如阿尔茨海默氏病(Bedse G等人.Front Neurosci 2015;9:204)。
用于此类用途,根据本发明的组合物可以与至少一种选自以下的抗糖尿病治疗剂组合使用:包括二甲双胍的双胍、二肽基肽酶-IV(DPP-IV)抑制剂、胰高血糖素样肽-1(GLP-1)类似物、噻唑烷二酮类(TZD)、磺酰脲、短效和长效胰岛素、糖苷酶抑制剂(阿卡波糖、米格列醇、伏格列波糖)、钠-葡萄糖辅助转运蛋白-2(SGLT2)抑制剂、纤维蛋白家族分子如elafibranor、或分子靶向核受体,特别是ROR(α、β、γ)受体和Rev-Erb(α、β)受体。
根据本发明的组合物还可以用于作用于其它心血管危险因素或代谢综合征。
特别地,根据本发明的组合物可用于预防和/或抵抗血脂异常。它们特别具有降血胆固醇作用,并且使得可以降低胆固醇的总水平、LDL胆固醇、循环甘油三酯和肝甘油三酯的水平。它们还具有对HMG-CoA还原酶的抑制活性。
用于此类用途,根据本发明的组合物可以与选自以下的低脂血症治疗剂组合使用:他汀类、贝特类、烟酸、离子交换树脂、胆固醇吸收抑制剂、ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸、硫地醇和FXR(Farnesoid X受体)核受体激动剂。
最后,根据本发明的组合物可特别用于预防或抵抗肥胖和超重和/或代谢综合征和/或病理动脉张力问题。
将通过提取物和组合物的实例以及通过表明根据本发明的组合物的功效的试验的结果阐明本发明,这些实施例和试验不是限制性的。
I.实施例
实施例1:金黄洋甘菊的干提取物的实例
将新鲜的或干燥的植物的地上部分进行机械研磨,直到获得粗粉。然后,使该粉末在室温下在70/10水/乙醇混合物中进行浸渍步骤10至24小时,然后将获得的混合物在50℃下在具有70/10水/乙醇混合物的渗滤器中进行连续浸出,所述植物/提取物之比为3/1。然后,使用非极性的有机溶剂如二氯甲烷或氯仿,将获得的提取物进行液体/液体洗涤。在通过35℃的低气压下的蒸发浓缩后,得到液体,当冻干24小时时,其得到可溶于水/醇混合物的浅褐色粉末。该粉末(干提取物)可直接使用,或可在使用之前混合到适合的溶剂中。
实施例2:欧洲越橘的干提取物的实例
使从欧洲越橘果实获得的粉末形式的蓝莓在室温下在30/50水/乙醇混合物中进行浸渍步骤10至24小时,然后将获得的混合物在50℃下在具有30/50水/乙醇混合物的渗滤器中进行连续浸出,所述植物/提取物之比为10/1。然后,使用非极性的有机溶剂如二氯甲烷或氯仿,将获得的提取物进行液体/液体洗涤。在通过35℃的低气压下的蒸发浓缩后,得到液体,当冻干24小时时,其得到可溶于水/醇混合物的紫色粉末。
实施例3:洋蓟的干提取物的实例
使从洋蓟的叶获得的粉末形式的朝鲜蓟在室温下在水中进行浸渍步骤10至24小时,然后将获得的混合物在50℃下在具有水的渗滤器中进行连续浸出,所述植物/提取物之比为2/1。然后,使用非极性的有机溶剂如二氯甲烷或氯仿,将获得的提取物进行液体/液体洗涤。在通过35℃的低气压下的蒸发浓缩后,得到液体,当冻干24小时时,其得到可溶于水的浅褐色粉末。
实施例4:齐墩果的干提取物的实例
使用切碎机,将风干的完整油橄榄树叶在-80℃下研磨,获得精细且均匀的粉末。然后,将获得的粉末在70/30水/乙醇混合物中进行浸渍步骤10至24小时。在具有氮气喷射的封闭系统中,或在800瓦的微波电源下或在20kHz的超声波频率下,在室温下进行所述步骤2×3分钟。然后,将获得的混合物在具有70/30水/乙醇混合物的渗滤器中在50℃下进行连续浸出,所述植物/提取物之比为10/1。然后,使用非极性的有机溶剂如二氯甲烷或氯仿,将获得的提取物进行液体/液体洗涤。在通过35℃的低气压下的蒸发浓缩后,得到液体,当冻干24小时时,其得到可溶于水/醇混合物的绿色粉末。
实施例5:单个提取物的实例
使从金黄洋甘菊的地上部分获得的粉末形式的金黄洋甘菊(Chrysanthellum)、从洋蓟叶获得的粉末形式的朝鲜蓟、从欧洲越橘果实获得的粉末形式的蓝莓、黑胡椒果实粉末和从齐墩果获得的粉末形式的油橄榄树在40/60水/乙醇混合物中在室温下进行浸渍步骤10至24小时,然后将获得的混合物在具有40/60水/乙醇混合物的渗滤器中在50℃下进行连续浸出,植物的混合物/单个提取物之比为4至6/1。然后,使用非极性的有机溶剂如二氯甲烷或氯仿,将获得的提取物进行液体/液体洗涤。在通过35℃的低气压下的蒸发浓缩后,得到液体,当冻干24小时时,其得到可溶于水/醇混合物的紫色粉末。
实施例6:片剂形式的包含四种植物提取物的根据本发明的组合物的实例
实施例6的组合物是可口服施用的片剂形式。表示为相对于组合物的总重量的重量百分比,其包含30.1%的金黄洋甘菊地上部分的干提取物、30.1%的洋蓟叶的干提取物、3.0%的欧洲越橘果实的干提取物和0.3%的黑胡椒果实的干提取物。其还包含赋形剂,特别是微晶纤维素和硬脂酸镁。
所述用于三个片剂的组成示出在下表1中。
表1.片剂形式的组合物的实例
成分列表 | 用于三个片剂 |
金黄洋甘菊地上部分的干提取物 | 600mg |
洋蓟叶的干提取物 | 600mg |
欧洲越橘果实的干提取物 | 60mg |
黑胡椒果实的干提取物 | 6mg |
微晶纤维素 | 700mg |
硬脂酸镁 | 26mg |
实施例7:凝胶胶囊形式的包含五种植物提取物的根据本发明的组合物的实例
实施例7的组合物是可口服施用的凝胶胶囊形式。表示为相对于组合物的总重量的重量百分比,其包含37.0%的金黄洋甘菊地上部分的干提取物、37.0%的洋蓟叶的干提取物、3.7%的欧洲越橘果实的干提取物,0.004%的黑胡椒果实的干提取物和22.2%的齐墩果叶的干提取物。
所述用于三个凝胶胶囊的组成示出在下表2中。
表2.凝胶胶囊形式的组合物的实例
成分列表 | 用于三个凝胶胶囊 |
金黄洋甘菊地上部分的干提取物 | 200mg |
洋蓟叶的干提取物 | 200mg |
欧洲越橘果实的干提取物 | 20mg |
黑胡椒果实的干提取物 | 0.02mg |
齐墩果叶的干提取物 | 120mg |
实施例8:片剂形式的包含五种植物提取物的根据本发明的组合物的实例
实施例8的组合物是可口服施用的片剂形式。作为相对于组合物的总重量的重量百分比,其包含22.0%的金黄洋甘菊地上部分的干提取物、22.0%的洋蓟叶的干提取物、2.2%的欧洲越橘果实的干提取物,13.2%的齐墩果叶的干提取物和0.2%的黑胡椒果实的干提取物。除所述混合物之外,所述组合物还包含锌、维生素B9、PP、B5、H、B12、D、B6、B2、B2和铬。其还包含赋形剂,特别是磷酸二钙、微晶纤维素和硬脂酸镁。
所述用于一个片剂的组成示出在下表3中。
表3.片剂形式的组合物的实例
实施例9:片剂形式的包含四种植物提取物的根据本发明的组合物的实例
实施例9的组合物是可口服施用的片剂形式。表示为相对于组合物的总重量的重量百分比,其包含23.9%的金黄洋甘菊完整植物的干提取物、23.9%的洋蓟叶的干提取物、23.9%的欧洲越橘果实的干提取物和0.2%的黑胡椒果实的干提取物。所述组合物还包含维生素B1、维生素B3、泛酸(维生素B5)、锌和铬。作为赋形剂,其包含微晶纤维素和磷酸二钙。作为涂布剂,其包含滑石、糖、虫胶、聚烯吡酮和蜂蜡。
所述用于三个片剂的组成示出在下表4中。
表4.片剂形式的组合物的实例
实施例10:包含四种植物提取物的在水中重构的、棒形式调理的粉末形式的根据本发明的组合物的实例
实施例10的组合物为可口服施用的在水中重构的、棒形式调理的粉末形式。表示为相对于组合物总重量的重量百分比,其包含36.3%的金黄洋甘菊完整植物的干提取物、24.2%的洋蓟根的干提取物、36.3%的欧洲越橘果实的干提取物和2.4%的荜拔果实的干提取物。所述组合物还包含维生素B1、维生素B3、泛酸(维生素B5)、锌和铬。作为香料,其包含天然的蓝莓香料。作为酸化剂,其包含苹果酸。其包含二氧化硅作为抗团聚剂、黄原胶作为增稠剂和磷酸钙作为稳定剂。其组成示出在下表5中。
表5.在水中重构的和以棒形式调理的粉末形式的组合物的实例
实施例11:在水中重构的、棒形式调理的粉末形式的根据本发明的组合物的实例
实施例11的组合物为可口服施用的在水中重构的、棒形式调理的粉末形式。表示为相对于组合物的总重量的重量百分比,其包含37.0%的金黄洋甘菊地上部分的干提取物、37.0%的洋蓟叶的干提取物、3.7%的欧洲越橘果实的干提取物,0.2%的黑胡椒果实的干提取物和22.2%的齐墩果叶的干提取物。所述组合物还包含维生素B12和铬。作为香料,其包含天然的草莓香精。作为抗团聚剂,其包含二氧化硅。该组合物不包含任何抗团聚剂和增稠剂。
此类产品的组成示出在下表6中。
表6.在水中重构的和以棒形式调理的粉末形式的组合物的实例
实施例12:凝胶胶囊形式的根据本发明的组合物的实例
实施例12的组合物是可口服施用的凝胶胶囊形式。表示为相对于组合物总重量的重量百分比,其包含31.6%的金黄洋甘菊地上部分的干提取物、47.4%的洋蓟根的干提取物、15.8%的欧洲越橘果实的干提取物和2.6%的黑胡椒。所述组合物还包含维生素B3和锌。其包含来源于非GMO生产的大豆磷脂作为乳化剂,胶体氧化硅和脂肪酸单甘油酯和甘油二酯作为增稠剂。所述胶囊为具有甘油和着色剂红色氧化铁的鱼胶。
此类产品的组成示出在下表7中。
表7.凝胶胶囊形式的组合物的实例
实施例13:凝胶胶囊形式的根据本发明的组合物的实例
实施例13的组合物是可口服施用的凝胶胶囊形式。表示为相对于组合物总重量的重量百分比,其包含10.4%的金黄洋甘菊完整植物的干提取物、20.7%的洋蓟叶的干提取物、62.1%的欧洲越橘叶的干提取物和2.6%的胡椒碱。作为填充剂,其包含玉米淀粉。作为抗团聚剂,其包含二氧化硅和硬脂酸镁。所述凝胶胶囊是植物来源的。
此类产品的组成示出在下表8中。
表8.凝胶胶囊形式的组合物的实例
实施例14:凝胶胶囊形式的包含单个提取物的根据本发明的组合物的实例
实施例14的组合物是可口服施用的凝胶胶囊形式。其包含由金黄洋甘菊的地上部分、洋蓟叶、欧洲越橘果实、黑胡椒果实和齐墩果叶获得的粉末混合物的单个水-醇提取物。所述三种植物之间的比例为1/1/0.1/0.0001/0.6。
所述植物混合物的单个提取物是通过包含下述步骤的工艺得到的:
-固体/液体提取
-分离/压制
-过滤
-蒸发
-干燥
-任选加入添加剂
-匀化
-调理。
实施例15:片剂形式的包含合成分子或从植物原材料获得的分子的根据本发明的组合物的实例
实施例15的组合物是可口服施用的薄膜包衣片剂形式。其包含下述作为1个片剂的活性物质:50mg的芹菜素7-O-葡糖苷酸、50mg的二咖啡酰奎尼酸、100mg的单咖啡酰奎宁酸、10mg的胡椒碱和250mg的橄榄苦苷。用作赋形剂的其它组分为:预胶凝淀粉、羧甲基淀粉钠(A型)、硬脂酸、聚烯吡酮K90、无水胶态氧化硅。
所述活性物质可以是合成的,或通过高效液相色谱法纯化来源于植物原材料或来源于植物提取物。
II.组合物功效的体内评价
在小鼠上进行体内实验,以证明根据本发明的组合物特别是对空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白、碳水化合物耐受性、胰岛素敏感性、体重和脂肪质量以及对循环和肝脂肪的效果。类似地进行分子生物学评价。最后,将所述组合物与已经销售或进行开发的参考药理学治疗进行比较。
在db/db小鼠上进行实验。db/db小鼠具有诱导后者的细胞信号传导功能障碍的瘦蛋白受体的突变。瘦蛋白受体在下丘脑中高度表达。具有这些受体突变的小鼠不能有效地调节它们的能量储存。这导致从生命的最初几天(10-14天)的高胰岛素血症,和从3至4周的肥胖,同时血糖升高。这些小鼠是耐胰岛素的、高甘油三酯血症和葡萄糖不耐受的。它们构成了相关的预测模型,特别用于研究胰岛素敏感性、甘油三酯血症、2型糖尿病及其并发症之一、非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)(Aileen JF King Br J Pharmacol 2012;166(3):877-894;Sanches SC等人.Biomed Res Int 2015)。
II.1试验A
实验时间为9周,"运行"为一周,随后为用所述植物提取物和组合物X补充的8周。雄性小鼠在开始治疗时为10周龄。
试验9种组合物X。将这些组合物直接掺入啮齿动物的饲料中,这使得可以确保其"多靶点"功效和大规模使用,因为静脉内或腹膜内注射限于少数人,给定它们的施用模式。这也避免了每日强制喂食,这改变了各种生理过程。
试验的组合物如下:
C1:金黄洋甘菊(完整植物)+胡椒碱(分别1%和0.1%的饲料);
C2:洋蓟(叶)+胡椒碱(分别1%和0.1%的饲料);
C3:欧洲越橘(果实)+胡椒碱(分别1%和0.1%的饲料);
C4:金黄洋甘菊(完整植物)+洋蓟(叶)+欧洲越橘(果实)+胡椒碱(分别1%、1%、1%和0.1%的饲料);
C5:胡椒碱(分别0.1%的饲料);
C6:金黄洋甘菊(完整植物)+洋蓟(叶)+欧洲越橘(果实)(分别1%、1%和1%的饲料);
C7:金黄洋甘菊(完整植物)+洋蓟(叶)+欧洲越橘(果实)+胡椒碱(分别1%、1%、1%和0.001%的饲料);
C8:齐墩果(叶)(分别0.6%的饲料);
C9:金黄洋甘菊(完整植物)+洋蓟(叶)+欧洲越橘(果实)+胡椒碱+齐墩果(叶)(分别1%、1%、1%、0.001%和0.6%的饲料)。
术语"胡椒碱"表示合成胡椒碱或含有95%胡椒碱的标准化胡椒属提取物。对于其它植物,它们是从植物原材料获得的干提取物。
以几个步骤进行实验。因此,形成几个"随意对照"组。汇集从这些组获得的结果。组合物C1、C2、C3、C4、C5、C8和C9导致采食量的类似减少。因此,形成"每个饲料对照"组,即消耗与C1、C2、C3、C4、C5、C8和C9组相同的日食量的组,以致能够比较同等采食量的结果。
实验评价尤其聚焦于:
-体重的测量;
-空腹血糖的测量;
-碳水化合物耐受性口服试验期间的血糖变化。在禁食状态下用淀粉(3g/kg)强制喂食后,就在强制喂食(t0)之前,然后在30、60、90和120分钟之后,通过活检在尾部测量响应于淀粉的血糖变化。计算曲线(AUC)下的面积。AUC下的增加反映碳水化合物不耐受性,降低反映碳水化合物耐受性的改进。
对于组合物C7至C9,还进行胰岛素敏感性试验。该试验由禁食状态的胰岛素(2U/kg)的腹腔内注射组成。就在注射(t0)之前,然后在30、60、90和120分钟之后,通过活检在尾部测量响应于胰岛素注射的血糖变化。计算曲线(AUC)下的面积。AUC下降低反映对胰岛素注射的较好响应,因此改进胰岛素敏感性。相反地,AUC下的增加反映较差的胰岛素敏感性,因而较差的胰岛素耐受性。
就在补充(t=0)之前和补充结束(t=8周)时,进行所示的评价。
得到的结果示出在表中:
-表9表示治疗8周后对胰岛素敏感性的效果,
-表10表示治疗8周后对空腹血糖的效果,
-表11表示治疗8周后对碳水化合物耐受性的效果,
-表12表示治疗8周后对体重的效果。
胰岛素敏感性
表9.所述组合物在治疗8周后对胰岛素敏感性的效果
平均值±SEM。随意对照,n=20;C7,n=11;C8,n=10;C9,n=9。组合物与对照比较,未配对的数据的Student's t试验,**p<0.01。
显示于表9中的结果也示出在图1中。这些结果表明组合物C7和C9对胰岛素敏感性的非常显著和大的效果。使用根据本发明的组合物C7和C9的胰岛素敏感性的改进在预防和治疗2型糖尿病及其并发症中特别有利。具体地,胰岛素耐受性是2型糖尿病进展的主要机制之一(Samuel VT等人.Cell 2012;148:852-71)。此外,通过作用于该参数,根据本发明的组合物C7和C9特别适用于其中主要原因之一是胰岛素耐受性的其它病理。对于2型糖尿病的并发症之一,非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(NASH;Samuel VT等人,Cell 2012;148:852-71)和阿尔茨海默氏病(Bedse G等人,Front Neurosci 2015;9:204),情况尤其如此。
空腹血糖
表10.所述组合物在治疗8周后对空腹血糖的效果
组合物 | 空腹血糖(mg/dL) |
随意对照 | 534±10 |
每种饲料对照 | 518.2±38 |
C1 | 410.4±33<sup>*</sup> |
C2 | 448±34 |
C3 | 384±40<sup>*</sup> |
C4 | 335±38<sup>**</sup> |
C5 | 449±11 |
C6 | 536±15 |
C7 | 571±14<sup>*</sup> |
C8 | 400±61 |
C9 | 220±78<sup>**</sup> |
平均值±SEM。随意对照,n=32;每种饲料对照,n=10;C1,n=9;C2,n=9;C3,n=9;C4,n=8;C5,n=9;C6,n=14;C7,n=12;C8,n=12;C9,n=9。组合物与对照比较,未配对的数据的Student's t试验,*p<0.05,**p<0.01。
组合物C1、C2、C3、C4、C5、C8和C9导致采食量降低。因此,形成消耗相同食物量的每种饲料组。结果显示施加于动物的卡路里限制对空腹血糖没有效果(随意对照与每种饲料对照的比较)。组合物C1、C3、C4和C9导致空腹血糖的显著降低,其中组合物C4(1%金黄洋甘菊、1%洋蓟、1%欧洲越橘、0.1%胡椒碱)和C9(1%金黄洋甘菊、1%洋蓟、1%欧洲越橘、0.001%胡椒碱、0.6%齐墩果)观察到最显着的效果。
组合物C6(1%金黄洋甘菊、1%洋蓟、1%欧洲越橘)对空腹血糖没有效果。虽然其(C5)没有导致空腹血糖的显著降低,但向C6组合添加胡椒碱(0.1%)以得到C4组合,令人惊讶地使得可以显著且强烈地降低空腹血糖。类似地,向C7组合(1%金黄洋甘菊、1%洋蓟、1%欧洲越橘、0.001%胡椒碱)添加齐墩果(0.6%;C8)以得到组合物C9也使得可以将血糖强烈地降低至几乎类似于非糖尿病小鼠的水平。
碳水化合物耐受性
表11.所述组合物在治疗8周后对碳水化合物耐受性的效果
组合物 | AUC(8周-0周,mg×min/dL)(平均值±SEM) |
随意对照 | 10 954±2000 |
每种饲料对照 | 20 355±6554 |
C1 | 3367±3039<sup>*</sup> |
C2 | 1901±3949<sup>*</sup> |
C3 | -2418±3260<sup>**</sup> |
C4 | -11 537±4168<sup>**</sup> |
C5 | 3610±2086<sup>*</sup> |
C6 | 13 068±3064 |
C7 | 8639±2844 |
C8 | -8889±5436<sup>**</sup> |
C9 | -24 568±10 440<sup>**</sup> |
平均值±SEM。随意对照,n=22;每种饲料对照,n=10;C1,n=9;C2,n=8;C3,n=10;C4,n=8;C5,n=9;C6,n=14;C7,n=12;C8,n=10;C9,n=9。AUC:"曲线下的面积"。组合物与对照比较,未配对的数据的Student's t试验,*p<0.05,**p<0.01。
组合物C1、C2、C3、C4、C5、C8和C9导致采食量降低。因此,形成消耗相同食物量的每种饲料组。结果显示施加于动物的卡路里限制对碳水化合物耐受性没有效果(随意对照与每种饲料对照的比较)。组合物C1、C2、C3、C4、C5、C8和C9导致AUC显著降低,这反映碳水化合物耐受性的改进。使用组合C4和C9得到最显著的效果。
体重
表12.所述组合物在8周后对体重的效果
平均值±SEM。随意对照,n=34;每种饲料对照,n=10;C1,n=9;C2,n=9;C3,n=9;C4,n=8;C5,n=9;C6,n=14;C7,n=12;C8,n=10;C9,n=9。组合物与对照比较,未配对的数据的Student's t试验,*p<0.05,**p<0.01,***p<0.0001。
组合物C1、C2、C3、C4、C5、C8和C9导致采食量降低。因此,形成消耗相同食物量的每种饲料组。结果显示施加于动物的卡路里限制导致体重显著降低(随意对照与每种饲料对照的比较,p<0.05)。组合物C2、C3、C4、C6和C9也导致体重的显著降低。尽管组合C6对空腹血糖没有效果,但其导致体重较大和显著降低,给予其在预防和治疗肥胖中的有利性质。所述组合C9具有最显著效果。
协同效应
此外,根据"Calculation of the synergistic and antagonistic responsesof herbicide combinations"Weeds,1967,15:20-22中描述的Colby SR方法,评价协同效应。该方法特别用于专利EP03812880中。对于各组合,计算协同因素。因素>1表示存在协同效应。因素<1表示存在拮抗剂。进行的计算为:
期望的功效程度=A+B-(A*B/100)
协同因素(SF)=(1*观察的功效程度(%))/期望的功效程度(%)
与下述组合有关的计算:
-为1%金黄洋甘菊/1%洋蓟/1%欧洲越橘/0.1%胡椒碱组合(组合物C4)计算SF,其中A=1%金黄洋甘菊/1%洋蓟/1%欧洲越橘(C6)和B=胡椒碱(C5);
-为1%金黄洋甘菊/1%洋蓟/1%欧洲越橘/0.001%胡椒碱/0.6%齐墩果组合(组合物C9)计算SF,其中A=1%金黄洋甘菊/1%洋蓟/1%欧洲越橘/0.001%胡椒碱(组合物C7)和B=0.6%齐墩果(组合物C8)。
下表13给出组合C6+C5=C4的结果。
表13.组合C6+C5=C4的协同因素
显示于表13中的结果示出在图2和3中。证明根据本发明的组合物C4对空腹血糖和碳水化合物耐受性(AUC)具有大的协同效应。
下表14给出组合C7+C8=C9的结果。
表14.组合C7+C8=C9的协同因素
显示于表14中的结果示出在图4、5和6中。证明根据本发明的组合物C9对空腹血糖、碳水化合物耐受性(AUC)以及胰岛素敏感性(AUC)具有大的协同效应。即使组合物C7已经对改进胰岛素敏感性具有大且显著的效果,情况也是如此。
II.2试验B
开发另一个组合物C10,并进行体内试验:金黄洋甘菊(地上部分,干提取物)+洋蓟(叶,干提取物)+欧洲越橘(果实,干提取物)+黑胡椒(果实,干提取物)+齐墩果(叶,干提取物)。
更确切地说,与二甲双胍(2型糖尿病治疗中的参考治疗分子)比较,在与试验A(db/db小鼠)相同的模型上,体内试验组合物C10。使用该糖尿病的小鼠和将组合物C10直接加入啮齿动物饲料(1%金黄洋甘菊、1%洋蓟、0.1%欧洲越橘、0.001%黑胡椒和0.6%齐墩果的饲料)的预测模型,这使得可以确保其"多靶点"功效和大规模使用,因为静脉内或腹膜内注射限于少数人,给定它们的施用模式。
实验时间为7周,"运行"为1周,随后为用组合物C10补充的6周。雄性小鼠在开始治疗时为6周龄。就在补充(t=0)之前、某些参数每周和补充结束(t=6周)时,进行评价。
实验评价尤其涉及:
-采食量的测量(t1、t2、t3、t4和t5周);
-体重的测量(t0、t1、t2、t3、t4、t5、t6周);
-通过MRI(磁共振成像;t0和t6周)的脂肪质量和瘦体重的测量;
-空腹血糖的测量(t0、t1、t2、t3、t4、t5、t6周);
-糖化血红蛋白的测量(HbA1c;t6周);
-胰岛素敏感性(与试验A中进行的相同的试验;t0和t6周);
-碳水化合物耐受性(与试验A中进行的相同的试验;t0和t6周);
-肝和血清甘油三酯的测量(t6周);
-血清HDL胆固醇的测量(t6周)。
这些评价全部是本领域技术人员熟知的。
所述结果给出在下表15中。重要的是,认为小鼠每日摄取的二甲双胍的量比根据本发明的组合物C10中存在的分子的总量大约26%。换句话说,二甲双胍的施用量大于组合物C10中存在的全部分子的量。
平均值±SEM。对照,n=10;二甲双胍,n=11;C10,n=10。未配对的数据的Student's t试验。a:C10与对照比较,p<0.05.b:C10与二甲双胍比较,p<0.05。
图7更具体地示出二甲双胍和根据本发明的组合物C12对胰岛素敏感性的效果。
表15中示出的结果显示,根据本发明的组合物C10对代谢综合征、超重、肥胖、糖尿病、非酒精脂肪性肝炎(NASH)和心血管疾病的一组危险因素的非常大且令人惊讶的效果,即:
-通过脂肪质量降低的体重降低,而不影响瘦体重;
-空腹血糖和糖化血红蛋白降低;
-碳水化合物耐受性的改进;
-胰岛素敏感性的改进;
-肝和血清甘油三酯降低;
-HDL胆固醇("好的胆固醇")增加。
根据本发明的组合物不仅降低整套危险因素,而且尤其将它们改进到几乎等于无糖尿病的小鼠(健康的小鼠)的水平。换句话说,本发明预防2型糖尿病的形成和进展。
图8和9示出,与对照组相比,根据本发明的组合物C10对体重和空腹血糖的变化的效果。根据本发明的组合物C10显著地限制质量增加和预防血糖增加。
此外,其效果远优于二甲双胍(主要抗糖尿病药物)(Ferrannini E 等人,EurHeart J 2015;6月10日;实施例:GLUCOPHAGE),并且与INTERCEPT公司开发的OCA(奥贝胆酸,用于治疗2型糖尿病和NASH(非酒精性脂肪性肝炎)的FXR激动剂)相比,其显著降低循环HDL胆固醇("好的胆固醇")(-0.2g/L,p<0.01),证实对循环脂肪没有副作用。与此完全相反,根据本发明的组合物将HDL胆固醇的水平提高50.3%。
此外,根据本发明的组合物对糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)的效果大于GENFIT公司开发的候选药物GFT 505(Elafibranor),糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)是2型糖尿病及其病理并发症的主诊断指标:组合物C10,HbA1c=4%与GFT 505对比,HbA1c=6%最高计量(db/db小鼠的相同模型和类似的实验设计;Hanf R等人.Diab Vasc Dis Res 2014;11:440-7)。HbA1c进一步下降1%降低梗塞风险14%,心血管疾病37%,和截肢43%。
此外,根据本发明的组合物延缓或甚至停止作为负责胰岛素分泌和响应于血糖升高的细胞的胰腺β-细胞变性。具体地,2型糖尿病逐渐导致与慢性高血糖部分相关的胰腺β-细胞退化。这通过在疾病的第一阶段中胰岛素分泌增加以减少血糖(胰岛素血症的增加),随后由于β细胞的逐渐破坏而逐渐降低其分泌(较低的循环胰岛素血症)来反映(Leahy JL等人.J Clin Invest 1985;77:908-915)。得到的结果强烈支持组合物C10对胰腺β细胞的效果。具体地,在补充6周后,根据本发明的组合物C10组与对照组相比,胰岛素血症更高(分别为27.40±4.11与9.64±2.53ng/mL,p<0.01),反映了糖尿病非常不同的进展阶段:β-细胞破坏的对照组中晚期糖尿病(低胰岛素血症、高空腹血糖、高HbA1c)和具有功能性β细胞的根据本发明的组合物C10的组中略微晚期糖尿病或甚至没有糖尿病(高胰岛素血症、低血糖、低HbA1c)。
因此,本发明完全满足了考虑心脏代谢紊乱的多因素性质的新型预防性解决方案和治疗解决方案的需要。本发明代表显著消除代谢疾病及其病态性质的发展的重大进步。
也对肝脏进行了分子生物学测量。这些评价在治疗6周后和处死动物后进行。特别是,通过免疫印迹测定肝AMPK(AMP-活化的蛋白激酶)蛋白的量。AMPK被认为是代谢传感器。AMPK,普遍存在的酶,参与能量代谢、食物摄取和响应许多代谢和激素信号的组织的敏感性的律动调节。这些性质因此赋予其作为具有代谢应用(糖尿病、胰岛素耐受性、肥胖)和心脏应用(心脏缺血、糖尿病相关并发症)的主要药理学靶点的作用(Coughlan KA等人.Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2014;7:241-53)。增加AMPK的量构成了对鉴定和验证2型糖尿病及其并发症(特别是非酒精性脂肪性肝炎)的治疗的主要兴趣的策略,并且更全面地用于与代谢紊乱相关的病理。
结果显示,在肝脏中,根据本发明的组合物C10导致AMPK的量显著增加(对照n=9,1.00±0.22与C10 n=9,1.96±0.73对比,p<0.001,Mann Whitney Test U)。所述结果通过免疫印迹示于图10中。
可以由本领域任何技术人员进行的实验方案示于下面的行中。
AMPK
蛋白质萃取
将50mg的冷冻组织(肝)在1μL的蛋白酶抑制剂鸡尾酒(P8340,Sigma-Aldrich)和磷酸酶抑制片剂(#88667Thermo Fisher Scientific,USA)存在下,置于20体积的NP-40缓冲液(50mM Tris HCl,pH:7.4,150mM NaCl,1mM NaF,1mM Na3VO4,1%Nonidet P-40,0.25%脱氧胆酸钠)中。使用玻璃陶工研磨机将所述组织在冰中匀化,然后在4℃下以14000g离心10分钟,然后回收上清液。用Bio-Rad DC试剂盒(Bio-Rad,USA)测定上清液的蛋白质含量,然后在Laemmli 2X缓冲液中稀释第二次之前,使所有样品达到相同的标准浓度,然后在90℃加热3分钟。
印迹
对于每个试验,在聚丙烯酰胺梯度凝胶(4-15%Mini-TGX Stain-FreeTM Gel,BioRad,USA)上,将15μg的每种样品放置到接近分子量标度和内部对照。然后,在借助于具有25V和2.5A的直流电的半液体转移系统(Transblot,Bio-Rad,USA)7分钟,将蛋白质转移到PVDF膜上之前,使凝胶在电泳缓冲液(25mM Tris,192mM甘氨酸,0.1%SDS)中经历300V的电流18至20分钟。然后,将膜在富含5%BSA的Tween-Tris盐水缓冲液(TTBS:50mM Tris碱pH:7.5,150mM NaCl和0.01%Tween 20)中在室温下温育1小时。然后,用TTBS冲洗所述膜,然后使用抗AMPKα抗体(D63G4,Cell Signaling,USA)在4℃下温育过夜。温育后,用TTBS再次洗涤所述膜,然后在室温下以1:3000th的浓度,暴露于与辣根过氧化物酶缀合的抗兔二级抗体1小时。然后,将所述膜在TTBS中洗涤三次,然后暴露于化学发光溶液(Clarity Western ECL;Bio-Rad,USA)一分钟。然后,在Bio-Rad Chemidoc系统上扫描所述膜,并使用提供的图像分析软件(ImageLab V4.1,Bio-Rad,USA)测量谱带的强度。
II.3试验C
目前市场上许多治疗分子的主要缺点之一是它们的急性低血糖效应,具有低血糖的高风险。为了测试根据本发明的组合物C10的急性低血糖效应,通过强制喂食(400mg/kg)向6只健康的C57BL/6N小鼠施用所述组合物。通过在强制喂食之前和之后的尾部活检(t0、t15分钟、t30分钟)测量血糖。此外,根据交叉方案,相同的小鼠通过强制喂食接受具有血糖测量的盐水溶液(t0、t15分钟、t30分钟)。图11中示出的结果证明不存在根据本发明的组合物C10的急性低血糖效应。
II.4试验D
在试验A和B中使用的糖尿病小鼠相同模型上试验从金黄洋甘菊地上部分、洋蓟叶、欧洲越橘果实、黑胡椒果实和齐墩果叶(比率1/1/0.1/0.0001/0.6)的粉末获得的单个提取物(水-醇干提取物)的组合物C11。
实验时间为6周,"运行"为1周,随后为用组合物C11补充的6周。雄性小鼠在开始治疗时为6周龄。评价主要聚焦在体重变化上。就在补充(t=0)之前、某些参数每周和补充结束(t=5周)时,进行所述测量。将所述组合物以2.7%的食物(与组合物C10相同的量)的速率掺入啮齿动物的饲料中。
图12示出,与对照组相比,根据本发明的组合物C11在体重变化上的效果。根据本发明的组合物C11大大地限制体重增加。
III.所述组合物功效的体外评价
也进行体外实验,以证明根据本发明的组合物C10和C11的效果。还测试根据本发明的分子的组合的组合物C12:二咖啡酰奎尼酸+芹菜素7-O-葡糖苷酸+单咖啡酰奎宁酸+橄榄苦苷+胡椒碱(比率1/1/1/1/0.001)。
进行各种酶活性试验,以确定根据本发明的组合物是否抑制碳水化合物和脂肪代谢的战略性酶:α-葡糖苷酶、DDP-IV和HMG-CoA还原酶。在所有这些战略靶点上的作用允许2型糖尿病及其并发症(糖尿病足、视网膜病变、视力丧失、肾病、心血管事件、非酒精性脂肪性肝炎或NASH)的全面护理管理。
HMG-CoA还原酶
为了控制循环脂肪,目的是通过主要靶向抑制胆固醇生物合成(3-羟基-3-甲基-戊二酰-辅酶A或HMG-CoA还原酶的抑制)来降低血清胆固醇的浓度。普伐他汀是降低LDL胆固醇和总胆固醇的参考分子之一。其尤其以名称PRAVASTATINE MYLAN、PRAVASTATINE TEVA销售。
α-葡糖苷酶
α-葡糖苷酶为催化碳水化合物消化过程中最终步骤的酶。α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂(包括在该类别中的药物的实例: )用于降低餐后血糖,其被认为是与糖尿病中的大血管并发症无关的危险因素(Kim JS等人.Biosci BiotechnolBiochem 2000;64:2458-61)。
DPP-IV(二肽基肽酶-IV)
DPP-IV抑制剂被认为是用于2型糖尿病的护理管理的最有希望的策略之一(vonGeldern TW等人.Drug Development Research 2006;67:627-42)。DPP-IV快速地减活激素GLP-1(胰高血糖素样肽1)和GIP(葡萄糖依赖性促胰岛素多肽),也称为肠促胰岛素。DPP-IV的抑制使得可以尤其增加GLP-1和GIP的作用,从而允许胰岛素分泌的生理刺激和胰腺对胰高血糖素分泌的抑制,因此降低血糖。此外,DPP-IV的抑制促进胃排空和导致中心减食欲效果。因此,在糖尿病个体的情况下,DPP-IV的抑制允许更好地调节碳水化合物。此外,临床研究显示,DPP-IV抑制剂在患有2型糖尿病的个体的情况下在高血糖的护理管理中具有带有良好耐受性的良好功效,而没有体重增加和低血糖现象(Green BD等人.Diabetes VascDis Res 2006;3:159-65)。一种参考抑制剂为抑二肽素A。
用于评价组合物C10、C11和C12的抑制潜力的实验方案如下:
提取物、提取物的混合物和纯的合成分子的混合物的制备
对于抑制HMG-CoA还原酶和葡糖苷酶的试验,将植物提取物稀释于超纯水/乙醇混合物中,其比例根据提取物的类型而变化,以获得均匀的溶液。
匀化后,将样品以4000rpm离心10分钟,回收上清液(1-15Fisher BioblockScientif离心机,Sigma-)。在90/10(v/v)超纯水/DMSO或者50/50(v/v)超纯水/乙醇中稀释所述分子。
将几种植物提取物的混合物稀释于50/50(v/v)水/乙醇中,然后超声15分钟,以使培养基匀化(在最大功率下使用UP50H超声波探针)。最后,将它们以4000rpm离心10分钟,回收上清液(1-15Fisher Bioblock Scientif离心机,Sigma-)。
在DPP-IV试验的情况下,在Trisma-HCl缓冲液(pH 8.0;100mM) 或90/10(v/v)超纯水/DMSO中稀释样品。
HMG-CoA还原酶抑制的试验
该试验使得可以通过吸收随时间降低在λ=340nm处测量酶活性抑制的功效。反应机理如下:
HMG-CoA+2NADPH+2H+→甲羟戊酸酯+2NADP++CoA-SH
因此,随时间监测底物NADPH(在340nm吸收)的消失。相对于没有抑制剂的对照反应(100%活性),340nm下吸光度随时间的变化降低是酶抑制的证据。
-提供的5X缓冲液必须在超纯水中稀释至1X的浓度;
-通过添加1X缓冲液溶解NADPH,然后在100μL管中分配;
-将开始的酶溶液分配成25μ等份。
将缓冲液和NADPH在-20℃下储存,并将所述酶等份储存在-80℃下,直到使用时。
所述操作直接在96孔微量培养板(NUNC96或SARSTEDT96)中进行。以特定顺序(参见以下)添加所述缓冲液、底物、抑制剂和酶。对于各微量培养板,必须制备空白、对照,并准备各种试验。各要素制备一式两份(或甚至一式三份):
-空白的制备:24μL的用于样品的溶剂,12μL的HMG-CoA,158μL的1X缓冲液,4μL的NADPH;在37℃下温育3至5min;
-阴性对照的制备:24μL的用于样品的溶剂,12μL的HMG-CoA,158μL的1X缓冲液,4μL的NADPH;在37℃下温育3至5min;添加2μL的酶;
-试验的制备:24μL的潜在抑制样品,12μL的HMG-CoA,158μL的1X缓冲液,4μL的NADPH;在37℃下温育3至5min;添加2μL的酶。
制备所述板后,在微量培养板读数器(BMG Labtech)中进行16分钟、25秒的动力学监测,其中在λ=340nm每25秒取值,即总共40个循环。由此,能够计算抑制的百分比。
α-葡糖苷酶抑制的试验
α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制试验通过分光光度法在λ=405nm处监测由合成底物:对硝基苯基-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(PNPg)根据由α-葡萄糖苷酶催化的以下水解反应形成黄色产物对硝基苯酚(PNP)来进行:
PNPg+H2O→PNP+葡萄糖
相对于没有抑制剂的对照反应(100%活性),λ=405nm处吸光度随时间的变化降低是酶抑制的证据。
在α-葡糖苷酶抑制试验期间,所述操作直接在96孔微量培养板(NUNC96或SARSTEDT96)中进行。以特定顺序(参见以下)添加所述缓冲液、底物、抑制剂和酶。对于各微量培养板,必须制备空白、对照,并准备各种试验。各要素制备一式两份(或甚至一式三份):
-制备空白:100μL的磷酸盐缓冲液(0.1M,pH 6.8)、20μL的用于样品的溶剂,在37℃下温育10至15min,然后添加20μL的2.5mM的PNPg(溶于磷酸盐缓冲液);
-制备阴性对照:100μL的磷酸盐缓冲液(0.1M,pH 6.8)、20μL的用于样品的溶剂、20μL的1.6U/mL的酶,在37℃下温育10至15min,然后添加20μL的2.5mM的PNPg(溶于磷酸盐缓冲液);
-制备试验:100μL的磷酸盐缓冲液(0.1M,pH 6.8)、20μL的潜在抑制样品、20μL的1,6U/mL的酶,在37℃下温育10至15min,然后添加20μL的2.5mM的PNPg(溶于磷酸盐缓冲液)。
制备所述板后,在微量培养板读数器(BMG Labtech)中进行30分钟的动力学监测,其中在λ=405nm每2分钟取值,即总共16个循环。由此,能够计算抑制的百分比。
DPP-IV的抑制的试验
DPP-IV抑制试验通过分光光度法在385nm处监测由合成底物:Gly-L-Pro-对硝基苯胺根据由DPP-IV催化的下述水解反应形成产物对硝基苯胺来进行:
Gly-L-Pro-对硝基苯胺+H2O→对硝基苯胺+Gly-L-pro
相对于没有抑制剂的对照反应(100%活性),385nm处吸光度随时间的变化降低是酶抑制的证据。
使用的酶的浓度为0.045U/mL(U=μmol/min),因此其需要稀释。因为稀释度大,必须进行两次连续的稀释。
所述操作直接在96孔微量培养板(NUNC96或SARSTEDT96)中进行。以特定顺序(参见以下)添加所述缓冲液、底物、抑制剂和酶。对于各制备的微量培养板,进行空白、对照和各种试验。各要素制备一式两份(或甚至一式三份):
-制备空白:25μL的样品、25μL的底物(浓度为1.6mM的溶于Tris-HCl缓冲液(100mM,pH8.0)的Gly-L-pro-对硝基苯胺);
-制备阴性对照:25μL的用于样品的稀释剂、25μL的底物,在37℃下温育10min,50μL的5×10-6U/mL的酶(在100mM TrisHCl缓冲液中制备,pH8.0);
-试验的制备:25μL的潜在抑制样品、25μL的底物,在37℃下温育10min,50μL的5×10-6U/mL的酶。
制备所述板后,在微量培养板读数器(BMG Labtech)中进行30分钟的动力学监测,其中在λ=385nm每分钟取值,即总共31个循环。由此,能够计算抑制的百分比。
抑制百分比的计算
通常,不管试验,对于给定浓度的抑制剂,准备公式:吸光度=f(时间)(以分钟计)的曲线。类似地,系统地制备对照(没有抑制剂)和空白(没有酶)。
在得到的各种曲线上,仅保留动力学开始时的线性部分,因为它们对应于测定初始速率的条件。因此,吸光度/分钟的斜率与产物(葡糖苷酶和DPP-IV)的出现速率或底物(HMG-CoA还原酶,负斜率)的消失速率成比例。
取决于试验类型,通过各种方法计算各种酶的抑制百分比:
-用于HMG-CoA还原酶和α-葡糖苷酶的抑制试验,计算式相同:
-对于DPP4抑制的试验,因为考虑到空白,计算式稍有不同:
最后,对各浓度的抑制剂,以及各值的标准偏差,计算抑制百分比的平均值。如果标准偏差值大于10%,进行一式两份的新试验,直到得到小于10%的值。
根据本发明的组合物C10和C11在三种酶上得到的结果汇总在下表16中。
a IC 50:酶仅具有其50%活性的抑制浓度。b样品浓度设置为1.25mg/mL。c样品浓度设置为60μg/mL。
所述分子组合(根据本发明的组合物C12)在三种酶上得到的结果汇总在下表17中。
a IC 50:酶仅具有其50%活性的抑制浓度。b样品浓度设置为250μg/mL。c样品浓度设置为60μg/mL。
发现,与参考抑制分子形成对比,对于各酶[分别为阿卡波糖(药物)、抑二肽素A(参考抑制剂)、普伐他汀(药物)],根据本发明的组合物C10、C11和C12令人惊讶地是仅有的抑制所述三种酶的物质。通过同时对几种调节过程起作用,根据本发明的组合物代表预防和治疗糖尿病、血脂异常及它们的并发症的有利的预防手段和治疗手段。目前的治疗策略在于组合几种药物以便分别降低各种危险因素。然而,药物的组合有时可能引起严重的副反应,例如同时施用贝特类和他汀类药物,这增加肌病的风险(Denke MA J Manag CarePharm2003;9:17-9)。因此,目前确实需要其"多靶点"作用机制在依从性、耐受性和功效方面具有优势的预防性解决方案和药物。因此,根据本发明的组合物使得可以降低心血管疾病的风险,并且预防和治疗各功能障碍和/或其独立发生的后果。
Claims (18)
1.至少包含分子的混合物的组合物,所述分子的混合物至少包含:
-由至少金黄洋甘菊、洋蓟和欧洲越橘、齐墩果和胡椒属获得的单个提取物,和/或
-由至少金黄洋甘菊、洋蓟、欧洲越橘和齐墩果获得的单个提取物和合成胡椒碱,
所述分子的混合物至少包含:
-至少一种选自芹菜素7-O-葡糖苷酸、chrysanthellin A、chrysanthellin B、咖啡酸、木犀草素、金鸡菊素、圣草酚、异奥卡宁、芹菜素、木犀草素7-O-葡糖苷、金鸡菊甙、马里甙、圣草酚7-O-葡糖苷、flavomarein、芹菜素8-C-α-L-阿拉伯糖苷-6-C-β-D-葡糖苷(夏佛塔苷)、芹菜素6,8-C-二-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(维采宁-2),和
-至少一种选自二咖啡酰奎尼酸、硫代单咖啡酰奎宁酸、木犀草素、木犀草素7-O-葡糖苷、木犀草素7-O-葡糖苷酸、芹菜素7-O-葡糖苷、洋蓟内酯,和
-至少一种选自单咖啡酰奎宁酸、翠雀素3-半乳糖苷、翠雀素3-葡糖苷、花青素3-半乳糖苷、翠雀素3-阿拉伯糖苷、花青素3-葡糖苷、矮牵牛配基3-半乳糖苷、花青素3-阿拉伯糖苷、矮牵牛配基3-葡糖苷、甲基花青素3-半乳糖苷、矮牵牛配基3-阿拉伯糖苷、甲基花青素3-葡糖苷、锦葵色素3-半乳糖苷、锦葵色素3-葡糖苷、锦葵色素3-阿拉伯糖苷,和
-至少一种选自橄榄苦苷和羟基酪醇的分子,和
-至少胡椒碱。
2.如权利要求1所述的组合物,其特征在于所述胡椒属选自黑胡椒、树胡椒和/或荜拔。
3.如权利要求1所述的组合物,其特征在于所述单个提取物由以下获得:
-金黄洋甘菊的完整植物和/或地上部分,
-洋蓟的完整植物和/或叶,
-欧洲越橘的完整植物和/或果实。
4.如权利要求1所述的组合物,其特征在于其具有至少一个下述特征:
-其包含允许每公斤施用所述组合物的人的体重和每天施用至少0.00001g的金黄洋甘菊提取物的量的金黄洋甘菊提取物,和/或
-其包含允许每公斤施用所述组合物的人的体重和每天施用至少0.00001g的洋蓟提取物的量的洋蓟提取物,和/或
-其包含允许每公斤施用所述组合物的人的体重和每天施用至少0.00001g的欧洲越橘提取物的量的欧洲越橘提取物,和/或
-其包含允许每公斤施用所述组合物的人的体重和每天施用至少0.001mg的胡椒碱的量的胡椒碱,
-其包含允许每公斤施用所述组合物的人的体重和每天施用至少0.00001g的独特提取物的量的独特提取物。
5.如权利要求1-4任一项所述的组合物,其特征在于所述混合物至少包含二咖啡酰奎尼酸、芹菜素7-O-葡糖苷酸、单咖啡酰奎宁酸、胡椒碱和橄榄苦苷。
6.如权利要求1-4任一项所述的组合物,其特征在于除所述分子的混合物之外,其还包含至少一种补充元素,所述补充元素选自:
-下述维生素:B1、B2、B3、B5、B6、B8、B9、B12 C、A、D、E、K1和K2;
-下述化合物:奥贝胆酸、科罗索酸、ω-6和/或ω-3族中的多不饱和脂肪酸、乳清酸、潘盖米酸、对氨基苯甲酸、扁桃苷、β-葡聚糖、肉碱、二甲基甘氨酸、伊格列明、异黄酮、L-精氨酸、催产素、果胶、吡哆胺、白藜芦醇、葡萄素、L-瓜氨酸;
-下述少量元素和矿物质:砷、硼、钙、铜、铁、氟、碘、锂、锰、镁、钼、镍、磷、硒、钒和锌;
-下述非必要属性的微量成分:共轭亚麻酸、硫辛酸、类胡萝卜素、肉碱、胆碱、辅酶Q10、植物固醇、丹宁酸和木酚素族中的多酚、和牛磺酸;
-果寡糖、低聚半乳糖;
-乳酸酵素;
-酵母;
-真菌;
-来源于与食品和制药部门相容的昆虫的产品;
-大麻和哈希什;
-涂布剂;
-调味料;
-酸化剂;
-抗凝剂;
-增稠剂;
-稳定剂;
-乳化剂;
-填充剂;
-赋形剂。
7.如权利要求1-4任一项所述的组合物,其特征在于其是粉末、凝胶、乳液形式或液体形式。
8.如权利要求1-4任一项所述的组合物,其特征在于其是片剂、丸剂、胶囊、棒、小袋、安瓿瓶或滴管或可注射的形式。
9.如权利要求1-8任一项所述的组合物在制备药物中的用途。
10.如权利要求1-8任一项所述的组合物在制备用作预防和/或抵抗人或动物中的糖类和/或脂质代谢的病理性疾病的药物或营养产品的用途。
11.如权利要求10所述的用途,用于预防和/或抵抗1和2型糖尿病和/或非酒精性脂肪肝疾病和/或心血管病理和/或与胰岛素耐药性相关的病理。
12.如权利要求11所述的用途,其特征在于所述非酒精性脂肪肝疾病为非酒精性肝脂肪变性。
13.如权利要求11所述的用途,其特征在于所述心血管病理为冠心病、脑血管疾病、外周动脉病和深静脉血栓形成。
14.如权利要求11所述的用途,其特征在于所述与胰岛素耐药性相关的病理为阿尔茨海默氏病。
15.如权利要求11至14任一项所述的用途,其特征在于所述组合物与至少一种选自以下的抗糖尿病治疗剂组合使用:包括二甲双胍的双胍、二肽基肽酶-IV(DPP-IV)抑制剂、胰高血糖素样肽-1(GLP-1)类似物、噻唑烷二酮类(TZD)、磺酰脲、快速和慢速胰岛素、钠-葡萄糖辅助转运蛋白-2(SGLT2)抑制剂、糖苷酶抑制剂(阿卡波糖、米格列醇、伏格列波糖、含有丙氨酸-脯氨酸或脯氨酸-丙氨酸序列的肽)、纤维蛋白家族中的分子如elafibranor、或分子靶向核受体,特别是ROR受体(α、β、γ)和Rev-Erb受体(α、β)。
16.如权利要求9或10所述的用途,用于预防和/或抵抗血脂异常。
17.如权利要求9或10所述的用途,其特征在于所述组合物与选自以下的降血脂治疗剂组合使用:他汀类、贝特类、烟酸、离子交换树脂、胆固醇吸收抑制剂、多不饱和ω-3脂肪酸、硫地醇和FXR核受体(Farnesoid X受体)激动剂。
18.如权利要求9或10所述的用途,用于预防或抵抗肥胖和超重和/或代谢综合征和/或病理血压问题。
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