CN111903512A - Method for cross breeding of high-yield oil peony in desert area - Google Patents
Method for cross breeding of high-yield oil peony in desert area Download PDFInfo
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- CN111903512A CN111903512A CN202010938637.0A CN202010938637A CN111903512A CN 111903512 A CN111903512 A CN 111903512A CN 202010938637 A CN202010938637 A CN 202010938637A CN 111903512 A CN111903512 A CN 111903512A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/60—Flowers; Ornamental plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/04—Processes of selection involving genotypic or phenotypic markers; Methods of using phenotypic markers for selection
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- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant breeding, and discloses a method for cross breeding of high-yield oil-used Chinese herbaceous peony in desert areas, which comprises the following steps: 1) selecting a female parent; 2) selecting a male parent; 3) reclamation of sandy land and soil improvement; 4) transplanting and field planting; 5) adjusting the flowering phase; 6) pollinating; 7) harvesting; 8) drill in the field. The method for the cross breeding of the high-yield peony for oil in the desert area solves the current situation that the peony for oil can not be planted in the desert, enlarges the planting range of the peony for oil, is simple, easy to master, convenient to popularize and apply, short in breeding time, capable of setting seeds in about 2 years generally, high in yield after 3-5 years, capable of reaching more than ten years in utilization period, high in breeding efficiency, easy for large-scale production of seeds and harvesting, and capable of meeting the raw material requirements of industrial and commercial production of the peony oil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant breeding, in particular to a method for cross breeding high-yield oil-used Chinese herbaceous peony in desert areas.
Background
Paeonia lactiflora, also known as Zizania indica, and Paeonia lactiflora, belong to Dilleniales order, and belong to perennial herbaceous flowers of Paeoniaceae. The root tuber grows from the lower part of the rhizome, is fleshy and strong, is spindle-shaped or long column-shaped, and is 0.6-3.5 cm thick. The peony petals are in inverted egg shapes, the flower disc is in a shallow cup shape, the flowering period is 5-6 months, the peony petals are generally and independently opened at the top end of a stem or the axilla near the top end of the stem, the original seeds are white, and 5-13 petals are provided. The flower diameter is 10-30 cm, and the flower petals can reach hundreds of flowers and colors. The fruit is spindle-shaped, and the seed is round, long round or pointed round.
In recent years, the demand of the market for peony seedlings is getting larger, but in the prior art, the peony for oil has a small planting range and low yield, the planting area in western regions is small, and particularly, the method does not exist in desert regions basically because the method is greatly influenced by factors such as climatic conditions, soil fertility, cultivation technology and the like, and cannot meet the raw material requirements of industrial and commercial production of the peony oil, so how to provide a method for cross breeding the peony for oil production, which has the characteristics of wide planting range, capability of planting in desert, high yield and the like, is a problem that needs to be solved urgently by technical personnel in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
1. Technical problem to be solved
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for cross breeding of high-yield oil-used Chinese herbaceous peony in desert areas, and solves the problems of small planting range and low yield of the technical oil-used Chinese herbaceous peony.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a method for cross breeding of high-yield oil peony in desert areas comprises the following steps:
1) selecting a female parent: selecting a male sterile line with one or two or three good properties of high quality, high yield and disease resistance from the paeonia lactiflora or the paeonia lactiflora as a female parent;
2) selecting a male parent: selecting an inbred line which has one or two or three good properties of high quality, high yield and disease resistance and is in an isolation state from the seed-bearing peony seedlings as a male parent;
3) reclamation of sandy land and soil improvement: leveling the selected sandy land, deeply ploughing the same land block before sowing in the next year, and then improving the soil;
4) transplanting and field planting: carrying out bud division on the female parent in the step 1), transplanting male parent seedlings and divided female parent buds into the sand land with the improved soil in the step 3), and planting the male parent seedlings and the divided female parent buds at intervals in a field according to a proportion;
5) adjusting the flowering phase: promoting the florescence of the male parent and the female parent to be consistent;
6) pollination: pollinating the female parent;
7) harvesting: when the seeds are mature, harvesting seeds from the father plant, when the female parent becomes yellow and crazing with crab heart skin, harvesting the seeds from the female parent plant, separately harvesting the seeds yielded by the male parent and the seeds yielded by the female parent, and then respectively airing, collecting and managing;
8) and (4) harvesting seeds, drilling the seeds in a field, performing normal maintenance management after the seeds are sowed, counting the number of seedlings at the beginning of 5 months in the next year, and calculating the emergence rate.
Preferably, the specific method for improving the soil comprises the following steps:
400-600g/m in use amount2Applying the desert soil conditioner into the leveled soil surface layer, then turning the soil surface layer into a depth of 30-50 cm by using a turning machine, and then carrying out rotary tillage with the rotary tillage depth of 25-35 cm;
secondly, forming a water and fertilizer retaining plough layer with a porous structure with the thickness of 20 cm after the desert land sprayed with the desert soil conditioner is rolled for 48 hours by using a light and heavy type ballast press;
thirdly, spraying and irrigating 20-30t of water per mu of land, spraying and irrigating once again after 3-5 days, and curing for about 7 days to obtain the planting fertilizer.
Preferably, the pollination is carried out before 11:00 or 17:00, the pollination is carried out for 3 days continuously, the pollen of the male parent is dipped by a writing brush and smeared on the surface of the stigma and is bagged, the label is marked for hybridization combination after the pollination is carried out for the first time, and the bagging is removed when the stigma wilts and the surface mucus hardens 7 days after the pollination.
Preferably, for the male parent or the female parent with the tendency of early flowering in the step 5), 100ppm of the maleic hydrazide can be sprayed on the leaf surface directionally in the bud period to delay the flowering, the spraying is carried out for 1 to 3 times, and the dosage of the maleic hydrazide aqueous solution per mu is 20 to 60 kg, so that the flowering period consistency of the male parent and the female parent is promoted.
Preferably, in the step 5), for the male parent or the female parent with the tendency of postponing flowering, 40ppm gibberellic acid is directionally sprayed on the leaf surfaces in the bud period to promote the male parent or the female parent to bloom in advance, and the gibberellic acid is sprayed for 1-3 times, wherein the dosage of the gibberellic acid aqueous solution per mu is 20-60 kg, so that the flowering periods of the male parent and the female parent are consistent.
Preferably, the pollination comprises the following specific steps:
collecting pollen varieties needing to be collected in a color-exposing period, drying in the shade for 24 hours, gently patting the pollen to dissolve the pollen until the pollen is completely dispersed, and separating the pollen from anthers by using a sieve;
collecting the screened pollen in a clean small bottle, sticking a label, and placing the bottle in a-20C refrigerator for storage;
removing petals and stamens of the female parent in the period of aeolian bells of flower buds or in the period of color exposure, sleeving a head of the flower with a parchment paper bag, and fastening a bag opening with a clip;
fourthly, the female parent is bagged for 3 to 4 days, and pollination is started when the stigma begins to secrete mucus.
Preferably, the flowers of the bag are inspected frequently during the bagging process to prevent the flowers from mildewing and the bag from cracking.
(III) advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides a method for cross breeding of high-yield oil-used Chinese herbaceous peony in desert areas, which has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the method for the cross breeding of the high-yield peony for oil in the desert area solves the current situation that the peony for oil can not be planted in the desert, enlarges the planting range of the peony for oil, is simple, easy to master, convenient to popularize and apply, short in breeding time, capable of setting seeds in about 2 years generally, high in yield after 3-5 years, capable of reaching more than ten years in utilization period, high in breeding efficiency, easy for large-scale production of seeds and harvesting, and capable of meeting the raw material requirements of industrial and commercial production of the peony oil.
(2) The peony crossbreeding is carried out in desert areas, has the effects of preventing wind and fixing sand, avoiding water and soil loss and cultivating land, effectively controls the ecological environment, enables barren land to become a special planting base, and obtains abundant material property.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
A method for cross breeding of high-yield oil peony in desert areas comprises the following steps:
1) selecting a female parent: selecting a male sterile line with one or two or three good properties of high quality, high yield and disease resistance from the paeonia lactiflora or the paeonia lactiflora as a female parent;
2) selecting a male parent: selecting an inbred line which has one or two or three good properties of high quality, high yield and disease resistance and is in an isolation state from the seed-bearing peony seedlings as a male parent;
3) reclamation of sandy land and soil improvement: leveling the selected sandy land, deeply ploughing the same land block before sowing in the next year, and then improving the soil;
4) transplanting and field planting: carrying out bud division on the female parent in the step 1), transplanting male parent seedlings and divided female parent buds into the sand land improved in the step 3), and planting the male parent seedlings and the divided female parent buds in the field at intervals according to a proportion;
5) adjusting the flowering phase: promoting the florescence of the male parent and the female parent to be consistent;
6) pollination: pollinating the female parent;
7) harvesting: when the seeds are mature, harvesting seeds from the father plant, when the female parent becomes yellow and crazing with crab heart skin, harvesting the seeds from the female parent plant, separately harvesting the seeds yielded by the male parent and the seeds yielded by the female parent, and then respectively airing, collecting and managing;
8) and (4) harvesting seeds, drilling the seeds in a field, performing normal maintenance management after the seeds are sowed, counting the number of seedlings at the beginning of 5 months in the next year, and calculating the emergence rate.
Further, the concrete method for improving the soil comprises the following steps:
400-600g/m in use amount2After the desert soil conditioner is applied and leveledThe surface layer of the soil is turned into a depth of 30-50 cm by a turning machine, and then rotary tillage is carried out, wherein the rotary tillage depth is 25-35 cm;
secondly, forming a water and fertilizer retaining plough layer with a porous structure with the thickness of 20 cm after the desert land sprayed with the desert soil conditioner is rolled for 48 hours by using a light and heavy type ballast press;
thirdly, spraying and irrigating 20-30t of water per mu of land, spraying and irrigating once again after 3-5 days, and curing for about 7 days to obtain the planting fertilizer.
Further, pollination is carried out before 11:00 or 17:00, continuous pollination is carried out for 3 days, the pollen of the male parent is dipped by a writing brush and smeared on the surface of the stigma and is bagged, after the first pollination, the label is marked for hybridization combination, and the bagging is removed 7 days after the pollination when the stigma wilts and the surface mucus hardens.
Further, for the male parent or the female parent with the tendency of early flowering in the step 5), 100ppm of the maleic hydrazide can be sprayed on the oriented leaf surfaces in the bud period to delay the flowering, the spraying is carried out for 1-3 times, the dosage of the maleic hydrazide aqueous solution per mu is 20-60 kg, and the flowering period consistency of the male parent and the female parent is promoted.
Further, in the step 5), for the male parent or the female parent with the tendency of postponing flowering, 40ppm gibberellic acid is directionally sprayed on the leaf surfaces in the bud period to promote the male parent or the female parent to bloom in advance, and the gibberellic acid is sprayed for 1-3 times, wherein the dosage of the gibberellic acid aqueous solution per mu is 20-60 kg, so that the flowering periods of the male parent and the female parent are consistent.
Further, the pollination comprises the following specific steps:
collecting pollen varieties needing to be collected in a color-exposing period, drying in the shade for 24 hours, gently patting the pollen to dissolve the pollen until the pollen is completely dispersed, and separating the pollen from anthers by using a sieve;
collecting the screened pollen in a clean small bottle, sticking a label, and placing the bottle in a-20C refrigerator for storage;
removing petals and stamens of the female parent in the period of aeolian bells of flower buds or in the period of color exposure, sleeving a head of the flower with a parchment paper bag, and fastening a bag opening with a clip;
fourthly, the female parent is bagged for 3 to 4 days, and pollination is started when the stigma begins to secrete mucus.
Furthermore, during bagging, flowers in the bags are often checked to prevent the flowers from mildewing and the bags from cracking.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention; the scope of the invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art should be able to cover the technical scope of the present invention by equivalent or modified solutions and modifications within the technical scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for cross breeding of high-yield oil peony in desert areas is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) selecting a female parent: selecting a male sterile line with one or two or three good properties of high quality, high yield and disease resistance from the paeonia lactiflora or the paeonia lactiflora as a female parent;
2) selecting a male parent: selecting an inbred line which has one or two or three good properties of high quality, high yield and disease resistance and is in an isolation state from the seed-bearing peony seedlings as a male parent;
3) reclamation of sandy land and soil improvement: leveling the selected sandy land, deeply ploughing the same land block before sowing in the next year, and then improving the soil;
4) transplanting and field planting: carrying out bud division on the female parent in the step 1), transplanting male parent seedlings and divided female parent buds into the sand land with the improved soil in the step 3), and planting the male parent seedlings and the divided female parent buds at intervals in a field according to a proportion;
5) adjusting the flowering phase: promoting the florescence of the male parent and the female parent to be consistent;
6) pollination: pollinating the female parent;
7) harvesting: when the seeds are mature, harvesting seeds from the father plant, when the female parent becomes yellow and crazing with crab heart skin, harvesting the seeds from the female parent plant, separately harvesting the seeds yielded by the male parent and the seeds yielded by the female parent, and then respectively airing, collecting and managing;
8) and (4) harvesting seeds, drilling the seeds in a field, performing normal maintenance management after the seeds are sowed, counting the number of seedlings at the beginning of 5 months in the next year, and calculating the emergence rate.
2. The method for crossbreeding peony for high oil yield in desert area as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the concrete method for improving the soil comprises the following steps:
400-600g/m in use amount2Applying the desert soil conditioner into the leveled soil surface layer, then turning the soil surface layer into a depth of 30-50 cm by using a turning machine, and then carrying out rotary tillage with the rotary tillage depth of 25-35 cm;
secondly, forming a water and fertilizer retaining plough layer with a porous structure with the thickness of 20 cm after the desert land sprayed with the desert soil conditioner is rolled for 48 hours by using a light and heavy type ballast press;
thirdly, spraying and irrigating 20-30t of water per mu of land, spraying and irrigating once again after 3-5 days, and curing for about 7 days to obtain the planting fertilizer.
3. The method for crossbreeding peony for high oil yield in desert area as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the pollination is carried out before 11:00 or 17:00, the pollination is carried out for 3 days continuously, the pollen of the male parent is dipped by a writing brush and smeared on the surface of the stigma and is bagged, the label is hung and hybridized and combined after the pollination for the first time, and the bagging is removed when the stigma wilts and the surface mucus hardens 7 days after the pollination.
4. The method for crossbreeding peony for high oil yield in desert area as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step 5), for the male parent or the female parent with the tendency of early flowering, 100ppm of the maleic hydrazide can be directionally sprayed on the leaf surface to delay the flowering in the bud period, the spraying is carried out for 1-3 times, and the using amount of the maleic hydrazide aqueous solution per mu is 20-60 kg, so that the flowering periods of the male parent and the female parent are consistent.
5. The method for crossbreeding peony for high oil yield in desert area as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step 5), for the male parent or the female parent with the tendency of postponing flowering, 40ppm gibberellic acid is directionally sprayed on the leaf surface in the bud period to promote the male parent or the female parent to bloom in advance, the gibberellic acid is sprayed for 1-3 times, the dosage of gibberellic acid aqueous solution per mu is 20-60 kg, and the flowering period consistency of the male parent and the female parent is promoted.
6. The method for crossbreeding peony for high oil yield in desert area as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the pollination comprises the following specific steps:
collecting pollen varieties needing to be collected in a color-exposing period, drying in the shade for 24 hours, gently patting the pollen to dissolve the pollen until the pollen is completely dispersed, and separating the pollen from anthers by using a sieve;
collecting the screened pollen in a clean small bottle, sticking a label, and placing the bottle in a-20C refrigerator for storage;
removing petals and stamens of the female parent in the period of aeolian bells of flower buds or in the period of color exposure, sleeving a head of the flower with a parchment paper bag, and fastening a bag opening with a clip;
fourthly, the female parent is bagged for 3 to 4 days, and pollination is started when the stigma begins to secrete mucus.
7. The method for crossbreeding peony for high oil yield in desert area as claimed in claim 3, wherein: during the bagging process, flowers in the bagging are inspected frequently, and the flowers are prevented from mildewing and cracking.
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| CN202010938637.0A CN111903512A (en) | 2020-09-09 | 2020-09-09 | Method for cross breeding of high-yield oil peony in desert area |
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| CN202010938637.0A CN111903512A (en) | 2020-09-09 | 2020-09-09 | Method for cross breeding of high-yield oil peony in desert area |
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Application publication date: 20201110 |