CN111837776A - Method for transforming inefficient old peach orchard by using peach piles - Google Patents
Method for transforming inefficient old peach orchard by using peach piles Download PDFInfo
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- CN111837776A CN111837776A CN202010322124.7A CN202010322124A CN111837776A CN 111837776 A CN111837776 A CN 111837776A CN 202010322124 A CN202010322124 A CN 202010322124A CN 111837776 A CN111837776 A CN 111837776A
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- peach
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- transplanting
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- 244000144730 Amygdalus persica Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
- 235000006040 Prunus persica var persica Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
- 239000002420 orchard Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 230000001131 transforming effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000011158 Prunus mume Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 244000018795 Prunus mume Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009335 monocropping Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000034303 cell budding Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].OP(O)([O-])=O GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium phosphate Substances [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011426 transformation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035899 viability Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/60—Flowers; Ornamental plants
- A01G22/67—Dwarf trees, e.g. bonsai
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation and agricultural popularization, in particular to a method for transforming an inefficient old peach orchard by using peach piles, which has the following beneficial effects: by grafting the plum on the peach tree, a plum tree or a potted landscape can be formed in advance, the time is about 2 years, the time cost is saved, the economic value of an orchard is also improved, the plum can also be grafted, the peach orchard is changed into a plum orchard, the economic value is improved, waste is changed into valuable, the utilization efficiency of the peach orchard is improved, the economic benefit is realized to the maximum extent, and the efficient reconstruction of the peach orchard is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation and agricultural popularization, in particular to a method for transforming an inefficient old peach orchard by using peach piles.
Background
An inefficient orchard is an orchard with poor fruit quality and low yield, which results in low economic benefit. In recent 20 years, the peach trees have reached over 1400 million acres due to wide adaptability, high economic benefit and year-by-year increase of cultivation area. However, the economic life of the common peach trees is about 15 years, and meanwhile, due to the fact that the varieties of the peach trees are updated quickly, and the management technology of part of peach gardens is backward, the tree bodies are aged quickly, the output benefit is low, and many peach gardens become low-efficiency orchards at the present stage and face the problems of updating and transformation.
The conventional peach orchard reconstruction methods comprise the following steps that one method is high-grafting head changing, and a new peach variety is directly replaced on the original peach tree, but the method is limited by the service life of the original peach tree and the management level of the peach orchard, so that high-quality peach fruits are not necessary, and the benefit cannot be improved; the other method is planning and replanting, the original peach trees cannot be fully utilized, and if the peach trees are directly planted without improving the original soil, the peach trees often grow slowly and even die due to continuous cropping obstacles, if the peach trees are planted after being improved by the soil, the cost is high, the middle part of the peach trees needs to be fallowed for more than 2 years, and the investment period is long. Comprehensive evaluation shows that the two transformation methods are uneconomical and unscientific, and the transformation effect is not good.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for transforming an inefficient old peach orchard by using peach piles, and solves the problems of high cost, long time, low quality, continuous cropping and the like in the conventional peach orchard transformation technical scheme.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a method for transforming an inefficient old peach garden by using peach piles, which comprises the following steps:
1. aiming at the peach orchard which is directly eliminated, a plurality of main branches of peach trees are cut short and then are changed into prunus mume, the application of the orchard is changed, and the large landscape plum trees or the prunus mume trees are cultured by grafting.
2. Aiming at the peach orchard which is transformed and then used for planting peach trees, in order to reduce the difficulty of soil improvement and continuous cropping obstacles of the old peach orchard, on the basis of the method, a variety to be updated can be planted between the original rows of the old peach trees in a mode of improving a small amount of soil between the rows or planting the old soil, and the small peach trees enter the fruiting period within 2 years required for transforming the old peach tree piles into the plum trees, so that the transformation of the peach orchard is realized, and the time and the benefit are maximized.
The invention provides a method for transforming an inefficient old peach orchard by using peach piles, which comprises the following steps:
a switching stage: after cutting short several main branches of the original peach tree, the target of 3-5 groups of ornamental branch groups is remained, and each plant can be grafted with 15-25 scions.
And a trimming and maintaining stage after grafting: after scion branching, the cutting method is mainly used. And the pruning in summer is combined to ensure that each scion can naturally or extract more than 2 medium and short branches through pinching, and the total branch quantity in the next year reaches more than 100. After the peach stump scions germinate in spring, 0.3% of monopotassium phosphate and 0.5% of urea are applied at intervals of half a month for topdressing, so that the growth of the scions is promoted.
③ before transplanting, the root cutting stage: in order to ensure the survival rate of transplanting, a method of ring-shaped root cutting is adopted in two years of growth after grafting to promote the growth of new roots. The annular groove is dug at the position 45cm away from the trunk for annular root cutting, the depth of the annular groove is 30-45cm, the development of secondary roots can be promoted to the maximum extent, and the survival rate of transplanting is ensured.
Fourthly, transplanting: the transplanting needs to adopt a method of transplanting with soil balls, the diameter of the soil balls of the trees with the age of 5-10 years is the best with 50cm, the diameter of the soil balls of the peach trees with the age of more than 10 years is the best with 60cm, the transplanting survival rate can be ensured, the transplanting cost can be reduced, and the transportation of peach piles is facilitated. Or directly transferring into culture pot to form potted peach tree.
Preferably, the soil proportion of the culture pot in the transplanting stage is 40-60% of leaf mold, 15-30% of plant ash and 35-50% of mountain mud.
Preferably, the grafting method is as follows:
(1) selecting a plum variety to be grafted, collecting the strong and developed 1-year-old branches as scions, and removing the branches with damage, rot, water loss and insufficient development.
(2) The grafting method comprises the following steps: the method of spring grafting and summer budding is adopted.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: at present, the demand for plum trees is vigorous, the plum trees are ideal ornamental trees, but at least 5 to 8 years are needed for growing a larger plum tree; according to the method, the characteristics that the old peach trees can be used as stocks of the plum trees are utilized, the plum trees or the potted landscapes can be formed in advance by grafting the plum on the peach piles, the time is about 2 years, the time cost is saved, the economic value of an orchard is also improved, the plum can also be grafted, the peach orchard is changed into the plum orchard, after the peach piles are grafted and transformed, soil balls are directly transplanted and sold, the economic value is improved, waste is changed into valuable, the transplanting viability is improved due to the adoption of the method of the soil balls, meanwhile, the original root systems of the peach trees are brought out of the orchard, and if the peach trees are planted again, the difficulty in improving the soil of the old orchard is reduced, and continuous cropping obstacles are reduced; in addition, small peach seedlings can be planted among rows of old peach trees, and the time of 2 years for reforming the plum trees by using old peach tree piles is equal, so that the small peach trees enter the fruiting period, the utilization efficiency of the peach orchard is improved, the economic benefit is realized to the maximum extent, and the efficient reforming of the peach orchard is realized.
Detailed Description
The following further describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to examples. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
A method for reforming an inefficient old orchard by using peach piles is characterized by comprising the following steps:
aiming at the peach orchard which is directly eliminated, a plurality of main branches of peach trees are cut short and then are changed into prunus mume, the application of the orchard is changed, and the large landscape plum trees or the prunus mume trees are cultured by grafting.
Aiming at the peach orchard which is transformed and then used for planting peach trees, in order to reduce the difficulty of soil improvement and continuous cropping obstacles of the old peach orchard, on the basis of the method, a variety to be updated can be planted between the original rows of the old peach trees in a mode of improving a small amount of soil between the rows or planting the old soil, and the small peach trees enter the fruiting period within 2 years required for transforming the old peach tree piles into the plum trees, so that the transformation of the peach orchard is realized, and the time and the benefit are maximized. The invention provides a method for transforming an inefficient old peach orchard by using peach piles, which comprises the following steps:
a switching stage: after cutting short several main branches of the original peach tree, the target of 3-5 groups of ornamental branch groups is remained, and each plant can be grafted with 15-25 scions.
And a trimming and maintaining stage after grafting: after scion branching, the cutting method is mainly used. And the pruning in summer is combined to ensure that each scion can naturally or extract more than 2 medium and short branches through pinching, and the total branch quantity in the next year reaches more than 100. After the peach stump scions germinate in spring, 0.3% of monopotassium phosphate and 0.5% of urea are applied at intervals of half a month for topdressing, so that the growth of the scions is promoted.
③ before transplanting, the root cutting stage: in order to ensure the survival rate of transplanting, a method of ring-shaped root cutting is adopted in two years of growth after grafting to promote the growth of new roots. The annular groove is dug at the position 45cm away from the trunk for annular root cutting, the depth of the annular groove is 30-45cm, the development of secondary roots can be promoted to the maximum extent, and the survival rate of transplanting is ensured.
Fourthly, transplanting: the transplanting needs to adopt a method of transplanting with soil balls, the diameter of the soil balls of the trees with the age of 5-10 years is the best with 50cm, the diameter of the soil balls of the peach trees with the age of more than 10 years is the best with 60cm, the transplanting survival rate can be ensured, the transplanting cost can be reduced, and the transportation of peach piles is facilitated. Or directly transferring into culture pot to form potted peach tree.
The soil proportion of the culture pot in the transplanting stage is 40-60% of leaf mold, 15-30% of plant ash and 35-50% of mountain mud.
The grafting method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a plum variety to be grafted, collecting the strong and developed 1-year-old branches as scions, and removing the branches with damage, rot, water loss and insufficient development.
(2) The grafting method comprises the following steps: the method of spring grafting and summer budding is adopted.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A method for reforming an inefficient old orchard by using peach piles is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) aiming at the peach orchard which is directly eliminated, a plurality of main branches of peach trees are cut short and then are changed into prunus mume, the application of the orchard is changed, and the large landscape plum trees or the prunus mume trees are cultured by grafting.
(2) Aiming at the peach orchard which is transformed and then used for planting peach trees, in order to reduce the difficulty of soil improvement and continuous cropping obstacles of the old peach orchard, on the basis of the method, a variety to be updated can be planted between the original rows of the old peach trees in a mode of improving a small amount of soil between the rows or planting the old soil, and the small peach trees enter the fruiting period within 2 years required for transforming the old peach tree piles into the plum trees, so that the transformation of the peach orchard is realized, and the time and the benefit are maximized. The invention provides a method for transforming an inefficient old peach orchard by using peach piles, which comprises the following steps:
Firstly, a switching stage: after cutting short several main branches of the original peach tree, the target of 3-5 groups of ornamental branch groups is remained, and each plant can be grafted with 15-25 scions.
And a trimming and maintaining stage after grafting: after scion branching, the cutting method is mainly used. And the pruning in summer is combined to ensure that each scion can naturally or extract more than 2 medium and short branches through pinching, and the total branch quantity in the next year reaches more than 100. After the peach stump scions germinate in spring, 0.3% of monopotassium phosphate and 0.5% of urea are applied at intervals of half a month for topdressing, so that the growth of the scions is promoted.
Thirdly, root breaking stage before transplanting: in order to ensure the survival rate of transplanting, a method of ring-shaped root cutting is adopted in two years of growth after grafting to promote the growth of new roots. The annular groove is dug at the position 45cm away from the trunk for annular root cutting, the depth of the annular groove is 30-45cm, the development of secondary roots can be promoted to the maximum extent, and the survival rate of transplanting is ensured.
Fourthly, transplanting: the transplanting needs to adopt a method of transplanting with soil balls, the diameter of the soil balls of the trees with the age of 5-10 years is the best with 50cm, the diameter of the soil balls of the peach trees with the age of more than 10 years is the best with 60cm, the transplanting survival rate can be ensured, the transplanting cost can be reduced, and the transportation of peach piles is facilitated. Or directly transferring into culture pot to form potted peach tree.
2. The method for improving the low-efficiency old orchard by using the peach piles as claimed in claim 1, wherein the soil proportion of the culture pots in the transplanting stage is 40-60% of leaf mold, 15-30% of plant ash and 35-50% of mountain mud.
3. The method for modifying the low-efficiency old orchard by using peach piles according to claim 1, wherein the grafting mode is as follows:
(1) selecting a plum variety to be grafted, collecting the strong and developed 1-year-old branches as scions, and removing the branches with damage, rot, water loss and insufficient development.
(2) The grafting method comprises the following steps: the method of spring grafting and summer budding is adopted.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010322124.7A CN111837776A (en) | 2020-04-22 | 2020-04-22 | Method for transforming inefficient old peach orchard by using peach piles |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010322124.7A CN111837776A (en) | 2020-04-22 | 2020-04-22 | Method for transforming inefficient old peach orchard by using peach piles |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN111837776A true CN111837776A (en) | 2020-10-30 |
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| CN202010322124.7A Pending CN111837776A (en) | 2020-04-22 | 2020-04-22 | Method for transforming inefficient old peach orchard by using peach piles |
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103461011A (en) * | 2013-09-17 | 2013-12-25 | 陕西理工学院 | Quick and efficient fruit tree variety transformation technology |
| CN103477875A (en) * | 2012-06-11 | 2014-01-01 | 桑世标 | Rapid cultivation method for grafting plum by using large peach trees as rootstocks |
| CN104855210A (en) * | 2015-04-29 | 2015-08-26 | 贵州亿众生物柴油开发有限公司 | Prunus persica tree cultivation method |
| CN107360931A (en) * | 2017-08-11 | 2017-11-21 | 上海市农业科学院 | A kind of method that old peach garden is quickly updated to garden |
-
2020
- 2020-04-22 CN CN202010322124.7A patent/CN111837776A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103477875A (en) * | 2012-06-11 | 2014-01-01 | 桑世标 | Rapid cultivation method for grafting plum by using large peach trees as rootstocks |
| CN103461011A (en) * | 2013-09-17 | 2013-12-25 | 陕西理工学院 | Quick and efficient fruit tree variety transformation technology |
| CN104855210A (en) * | 2015-04-29 | 2015-08-26 | 贵州亿众生物柴油开发有限公司 | Prunus persica tree cultivation method |
| CN107360931A (en) * | 2017-08-11 | 2017-11-21 | 上海市农业科学院 | A kind of method that old peach garden is quickly updated to garden |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
| Title |
|---|
| 张方国: "中华寿桃倒干改接西梅技术" * |
| 张立钢;: "辽西地区山桃高效经营栽培技术" * |
| 柴连平: "利用桃树砧桩嫁接快速制作梅花盆景" * |
| 郭惠萍: "低效葡萄园的更新改造" * |
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Application publication date: 20201030 |