CN103461011A - Quick and efficient fruit tree variety transformation technology - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a quick and efficient fruit tree variety transformation technology. The technology comprises the following steps: (A) choosing an improving target panicle: choosing an improving target variety according to variety identification indicators, such as the high yield performance, resistance and adaptability of varieties, and varieties with excellent economic character performance after experiment in cultivation; (B) determining variety grafting time: determining grafting time according to different types of fruits, wherein the grafting time is 2-4 months; (C) cutting a base tree; (D) selecting a grafting method: selecting a tongue embedding connection method as the grafting method; (E) configuring a bud structure: grafting by adopting 3-head environment-friendly embedding configuration; (F) carrying out survival guarantee measures. Compared with the conventional fruit tree variety transformation methods, the transformation technology disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the transformation time can be shortened by more than 5 years, the survival rate reaches over 90%, the transformation cost is decreased by over 10 times, the economic benefit can be improved by over 6-10 times, and the social benefit is great.

Description

Fruit variety is renovation technique rapidly and efficiently

Technical field

The present invention relates to the renovation technique field of fruit tree, especially relate to rapidly and efficiently renovation technique of a kind of fruit variety.

Background technology

Fruit tree is woody plant, bears fruit and generally needed for 5 to 8 years from cultivation, and the fruit variety quality, the fruit quality quality, high yield characteristic and benefit are all just can prove after fruit tree bears fruit.Production of fruit is one of China's agricultural leading industries, but due to scientific and technical development and the progress of human society, to fruit product quality, productivity effect, living technology etc., brought stern challenge, aborning, ubiquitous problem is on a large scale at present: have many fruit tree resistances not strong, bad adaptability, easily fall ill, dead tree, or fruit quality is low, docking market, there is no economic benefit, or high yield characteristic is poor, productivity effect is low etc.For problems, docking scientific technological advance and achievement in research, orchard transformation is that current fruit industry is produced the large problem faced, and is mainly manifested in, and the replanting that chops at a tree, change kind, and the cycle is long, and cost is high.And the event of with this, dampening orchard worker's enthusiasm ，Hui garden or expensive transformation orchard occurs repeatedly.

Summary of the invention

Technical problem to be solved by this invention is: rapidly and efficiently renovation technique of a kind of fruit variety is provided, the New graft technique of employing science, in the situation that do not ruin tree, low cost is carried out a high position to the large tree of fruit tree fast and is changed head, change kind, some drawback problems that solution causes because of variety problem complete the target in transformation orchard within one to two year, improve or reach fruit epoch production standard and economic benefit.

For solving the problems of the technologies described above, technical scheme of the present invention is:

A kind of fruit variety is renovation technique rapidly and efficiently, it is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:

A. good target fringe is corrected in choosing: according to the good kind of Economic Characters after the national variety certification index such as the high yield characteristic of kind, resistance, adaptability or test, the target variety that competition will improve, described scion is 2 living above paper slips, and scion length is 15-20cm;

B. determine the grafting time of kind: according to different fruit types, determine grafting time, described grafting time is the 2-4 month;

C. set on the cutting basis;

D. grafting method: selected tongue embedding contract connection; Be that the scion base portion is whittled into ligule, third-class office around stock cutting face, cutter is cut three angles, in angle central authorities with the cutter about 5cm of standardized length vertical mouthful vertically downward, peel off gently the bark of stock, allow the xylem of stock separate with phloem, then scion is inserted wherein.If the fruit tree that bark is thicker, slurries are full, during grafting, the stock processing method is the same, allow the xylem of scion slightly separate with bark simultaneously, then the scion xylem is inserted in the bark of stock, allow the bark of stock be embedded between the xylem and bark of scion.Simultaneously, do at the stock base portion processing that discharges water.

E. bud header structure configuration: adopt 3 (scion) to encircle the chimeric access of configuration around trunk;

F. survive safeguard;

A dips in and soaks scion in the stock binding site with growth hormone solution;

One b fixes: use cotton rope around stock, fixedly the scion position;

C sealing: under the prerequisite of not damaging cell life, by the quick wound closure part of paraffin;

D sand is filled out: by sand or sawdust or garden mould, landfill grafting part, and by black paperboard sleeve;

The e bagging: by plastic sack sleeve grafting part, rainproof 30d, do second protection;

G separates bag: grafting 30d, after grafting twig germinates and survives, separate bag and get sand or sawdust or original soil;

The h scientific management: 50-60d after grafting, retain 1-2 positive head-germ, reject unnecessary bud head, then to newly sprouting, accompany bar to reinforce.

Preferably, described basic height of tree degree is 0.5-1.0m.

Preferably, described landfill height is 10cm.

Adopted technique scheme, beneficial effect of the present invention is:

Technology of the present invention adopts the New graft technique of science, in the situation that do not ruin tree, low cost is carried out a high position to the large tree of fruit tree fast and is changed head, change kind, some drawback problems that solution causes because of variety problem complete the target in transformation orchard within one to two year, guarantee high-servival rate, decrease is improved the breed cost and breed improvement cycle time.To improve Production of fruit benefit, integral production technical merit, produce the fancy fruit product.This technology, to Development of Fruit Industry, is promoted new varieties, is yielded products of quality, and improves the integral production level, has great role.Compare with conventional method transformation fruit variety, can shorten the transformation time more than 5 years, survival rate reaches more than 90%, reduces improvement cost more than 10 times, and economic benefit can improve more than 6-10 times, and social benefit is very big.

The accompanying drawing explanation

Accompanying drawing 1 is the step block diagram of the technology of the present invention.

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further described.

As shown in Figure 1,

A kind of fruit variety is renovation technique rapidly and efficiently, it is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:

A. good target fringe is corrected in choosing: according to the good kind of Economic Characters after the national variety certification index such as the high yield characteristic of kind, resistance, adaptability or test, the target variety that competition will improve.As: New Walnut Cultivars is hammered 6 days ages, large cherry red light, Brooks etc. into shape.

Selected scion is the above branch of life in 2 years, and scion length is 15-20cm, diameter 1.5cm left and right;

B. determine the grafting time of kind: according to different fruit types, determine grafting time, described grafting time is the 2-4 month; As: walnut is the 2-4 month, and Chinese chestnut is the 2-4 month, and cherry is the 2-3 month;

C. set on the cutting basis, and wherein, basic height of tree degree is 0.5-1.0m.

D. select grafting method: selected grafting method is tongue embedding contract connection;

E. bud header structure configuration: adopt 3 (scion) to encircle configuration around trunk, chimeric marrying into, callus easily merges, and robustness is strong, and the single head that can avoid the factor such as strong wind to cause is easily split the damage phenomenon.

F. survive safeguard;

A dips in and soaks scion in the stock binding site with growth hormone solution, promotes that callus forms fast.

B fixes: with cotton rope, around stock, fixedly the scion position, allow scion and stock closely engage.

C sealing: under the prerequisite of not damaging cell life, by the quick wound closure part of paraffin, to protect from infection.

D sand is filled out: by sand or sawdust or garden mould, landfill grafting part, and by black paperboard sleeve, wherein, the landfill height is 10cm.

The e bagging: fill out part by plastic sack sleeve grafting part and sand, rainproof 30d, do second protection;

G separates bag: grafting 30d, after grafting twig germinates and survives, separate bag and get sand or sawdust or original soil;

The h scientific management: 50-60d after grafting, retain 1-2 positive head-germ, reject unnecessary bud head, then to newly sprouting, accompany bar to reinforce.

The present invention is complete by 3 new method safeguards technique systems, reach effect rapidly and efficiently.1. be abutted against 3 scion at section, improve speed of wound healing, and, according to the disjunctor healing effect, form shoot and be not easy to be split by wind, new tree growth is vigorous.2. adopt seal with wax, bagging technique, effectively improved the anti-probability of happening that infects of wound, so graft survival rate is high.3. sand is filled out the ridging method and has been played the moisture-heat preservation effect, extremely is conducive to wound healing and scion and grows, very large to shoot sprouting, precocity fruiting and the effect of raising productivity effect.Such as, we are the walnut of grafting in 2012, and scion development height then reaches 2-3m, and the branch base diameter is increased to 3-4cm.By to walnut, Chinese chestnut and cherry tree Grafting Experiment, after grafting, 3-4 can reach effect of high-yield.

In actual planting process, the extremely excellent effect of having used method of the present invention also to produce.

2012, with 186 (3 mu) of 10 years raw walnut trees of this technical graft, grafting time is 25-28 day in April, 2012, new varieties (6 days ages of U.S.'s hammer) are selected in scion, add up June in the same year, grafting survival tree is 178, and survival rate reaches 95.7%, and 10% the new bar phenomenon of bearing fruit then.In 178 trees in 2013,80% tree bears fruit.Compare planting and build the garden fruit-growing time and shifted to an earlier date 6-8, society is corresponding with economic benefit has improved 6-10 doubly about.

The present invention is not limited to above-mentioned concrete embodiment, and those of ordinary skill in the art is from above-mentioned design, and without performing creative labour, all conversion of having done, within all dropping on protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (3)

1. fruit variety renovation technique rapidly and efficiently, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:

A. good target fringe is corrected in choosing: according to the good kind of Economic Characters after the national variety certification index such as the high yield characteristic of kind, resistance, adaptability or test, the target variety that competition will improve, described scion is the above branch of life in 2 years, and scion length is 15-20cm;

B. determine the grafting time of kind: according to different fruit types, determine grafting time, described grafting time is the 2-4 month;

C. cutting basis tree: determine basis tree cutting height according to the age of tree, the fruit tree of the 7-10 age of tree in general, the cutting height is at 50-80cm place, distance ground;

D. grafting method: we are at the grafting method of research: tongue embedding contract connection;

E. bud header structure configuration: adopt 3 headrings to embrace configuration structure, around the chimeric access of trunk;

F. survive safeguard;

A HORMONE TREATMENT: with growth hormone solution, dip in and soak scion in the stock binding site;

B fixes: with cotton rope, around stock, fixedly the scion position, allow stock fully engage with scion;

C sealing: under the prerequisite of not damaging cell life, by the quick wound closure part of paraffin;

D sand is filled out: with sand, sawdust or garden mould, and landfill grafting part (being highly 10-15cm), and by black paperboard sleeve;

The e bagging: fill out part by plastic sack disjunctor sleeve grafting part and sand, rainproof moisturizing 30d, do second protection;

G separates bag: after grafting 30d, and callus formation, after grafting twig germinates and survives, the solution bag takes down sand and fills out part (sand, sawdust or original soil), allows ventilated abundant;

The h scientific management: 50-60d after grafting, retain 1-2 positive head-germ, reject unnecessary bud head, then to newly sprouting, accompany bar to reinforce.

2. a kind of fruit variety according to claim 1 renovation technique rapidly and efficiently, is characterized in that, described basic height of tree degree is 0.5-0.8m.

3. a kind of fruit variety according to claim 1 renovation technique rapidly and efficiently, is characterized in that, described landfill height is 10cm.

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