CN104584974B - A kind of apocarya hedge wall shape is tree-like and shaping methods - Google Patents
A kind of apocarya hedge wall shape is tree-like and shaping methods Download PDFInfo
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- CN104584974B CN104584974B CN201510061897.3A CN201510061897A CN104584974B CN 104584974 B CN104584974 B CN 104584974B CN 201510061897 A CN201510061897 A CN 201510061897A CN 104584974 B CN104584974 B CN 104584974B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
Abstract
The invention belongs to pomology field, disclose that a kind of apocarya hedge wall shape is tree-like and shaping methods.This is tree-like high 3.2～3.5 meters, and trunk is high 0.8 1.0 meters, forms 1 trunk, and the hedge wall shape of 3 layers of parallel 6 major branch and 1 elongated central branch is tree-like.This is tree-like can quickly form substantial amounts of result brachyplast, and apocarya realizes the most real high yield, and simple in construction, and ventilated condition is good, and field management is convenient, is that a kind of apocarya novel high-quality, Labor-saving cultivation are tree-like.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to forest and fruit tree cultivation technical field, be specifically related to a kind of apocarya hedge wall shape tree
Shape and shaping methods thereof.
Background technology
Apocarya, has another name called pecan tree, is a kind in Juglandaceae, hickory.Originate in the U.S.
And Mexico, be one of the most important oil plant dry fruit tree variety, its shell thin easy-peel, kernel is plump, taste is fragrant can
Mouthful, there is higher nutritive value.Trunk leads to grace straight, tree-like, well established and vigorously developing, is to turn the four sides green and gardens
The fine tree species viewed and admired.The tough and tensile densification of timber simultaneously, heartwood are dark red, sapwood HUANGBAI(sic), full of elasticity, be unlikely to deform
And cracking, it is the fine timber tree species such as building, noble furniture.Therefore, apocarya be a purposes wide,
The obvious excellent economic tree of benefit period length, high financial profit, social benefit and ecological benefits.
Apocarya is tall and big arbor, and the height of tree is up to more than 30 meters, to cultivation management and picking fruit band
Carry out the biggest problem.Tree-like is the basis of cultivation of fruit tree.Selected and supporting pruning side by tree-like
Method can force down the height of tree, facilitates cultivation management and picking fruit.At present conventional tree-like of apocarya has round end
Shape, evacuation layering shape etc..Evacuating layering shape to be made up of trunk and 8-10 major branch, tree crown is tall and big, result face
Long-pending big, but field management is inconvenient, and ventilation light transmission is poor.
Apocarya shoot growth has orthostatic, and in the case of nutritional sufficiency, annotinous branch can be given birth to
Long 2-3 rice, but side shoot is little.Apocarya is the different flowering plant of hermaphroditism, and female flower raw on the top of branch
End, therefore the quantity of branch decides the yield in orchard, therefore, how to promote that the multiple branch of apocarya is
Realize one of principal element of the most real high yield of apocarya.
Along with China's rural population aging and the fast development of urbanization, fruits industry is to tree-like simplification shaping
Technology requires day by day urgent, and apocarya is also such.Applicant according to the growth characteristics of apocarya,
Carry out the research and innovation of apocarya pruning technique.Study and define 1 trunk, 3 layers parallel 6
The hedge wall shape of major branch and 1 elongated central branch is tree-like.This is tree-like can quickly form substantial amounts of result brachyplast, has
Being beneficial to the most real high yield of apocarya, and simple in construction, ventilated condition is good, and field management is convenient, is
A kind of apocarya novel high-quality, the most real high yield and Labor-saving cultivation are tree-like.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of apocarya novel high-quality, the most real high yield and Labor-saving cultivation tree
Shape.
It is a further object to provide 1 trunk, 3 layers of parallel 6 major branch and 1 elongated central branch
The shaping methods that hedge wall shape is tree-like.
The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of apocarya hedge wall shape is tree-like, and this is tree-like high 3.2～3.5 meters, and trunk is high 0.8 1.0 meters, for
Having 1 trunk, the hedge wall shape of 3 layers of parallel 6 major branch and 1 elongated central branch is tree-like, and the most parallel 6 is main
The direction of branch is stretched between strain, centered by trunk, and each 3 major branches in both sides, homonymy interval 50～60 on major branch
Centimetre be equipped with a large and medium-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster, each major branch 8～10 fruit-bearing shoot clusters.
The shaping methods that described apocarya hedge wall shape is tree-like, its feature comprises the steps:
1) plantation: choose that physical features is smooth, fertile soil is rich in organic soil, and plants legume and enter
Row is increased soil fertility, and after legume grows 3 months, then utilizes digging machine that soil is ploughed deeply 0.8～1.2m, and by bean
Section crop is ploughed under in soil as green manure, and annual November-March next year carries out apocarya plantation, digs
Diameter 1m, the hole of degree of depth 80cm, the fertilizer that bottom paving 20kg becomes thoroughly decomposed, then spread the soil of 20cm,
Finally by seedling growth, seeding row spacing 5*5 rice of planting, fill permeable 1 time after field planting；
2) First Year shaping: selecting full bud surely to do after seedling planting, heading height is 1.0-1.2 rice, then exists
Concrete column is buried in the centre of spacing in the rows, and concrete column draws No. 8 steel wires together along row at 0.8 1.0 meters of ground, the most often
Draw together every 0.8 meter, draw 3 roads altogether；The season of growth selects 2 rightabout major branches, bondage at base portion along row
On steel wire, make to stretch between strain about two major branches；Select and remain at the dry second layer in center winter full bud, by its with
Upper part is cut；During winter pruning, the strong bud of major branch choosing carries out cutting back, at major branch homonymy every 50～60 centimetres of choosings
Staying a fruitful branch, and it is carried out cutting back, fruitful branch stretches in the ranks, and back branch and other unnecessary branch remove；
3) Second Year shaping: the season of growth selects 2 rightabout major branches at the second layer along row, is strapped in steel
On silk, make to stretch between strain about two major branches；Winter does full bud of selecting and remain at third layer at center, more than it
Part is cut；During winter pruning, the strong bud of major branch choosing, cuts its above section；Major branch homonymy every 50～
60 centimetres of fruitful branches of selecting and remain, and it is carried out cutting back, fruitful branch stretches in the ranks, and back branch is many with other
Remaining branch removes；
4) shaping in the 3rd year: the season of growth selects 2 rightabout major branches in third layer along row, is strapped in steel
On silk, make to stretch between strain about two major branches；Select and remain on center is dry winter full bud, its above section is cut；
During winter pruning, major branch is selected and remain strong bud, and its above section is cut；At major branch homonymy every 50～60 centimetres
Selecting and remain a fruitful branch, and it is carried out cutting back, fruitful branch stretches in the ranks, and back branch and other unnecessary branch are dredged
Remove；
5) shaping in the 4th year: summer carries out cutting back process to the branch on major branch, the winter pruning knot to cultivating
Fruit branch bar carries out cutting back process, promotes that branch is formed, quickly forms tree crown；By the pruning of 4 years, institute
The apocarya Fructus Persicae hedge wall shape stated is tree-like to be completed.
Wherein step 2) in the height of concrete column be 3.0～3.2 meters, buried degree of depth is 0.6～0.8
Rice, concrete column stays a hole every 0.8 meter, is used for fixing or through steel wire.
Step 2), 3) 4) and 5) in, the length of winter pruning cutting back be original annotinous branch 1/5～
1/3。
Step 5) in, summer carries out cutting back process to the branch on major branch, carries out in annual mid-June,
The annotinous branch cutting back 1/5 of 20-50cm, the annotinous branch cutting back 1/3 of more than 50cm.
Beneficial effect
1 trunk of the invention, the hedge wall shape of 3 layers of parallel 6 major branch and 1 elongated central branch is tree-like,
Apocarya can be made in the 5th year to reach the purpose of the most real high yield, compared with traditional evacuation layering shape, time
Between can shift to an earlier date 2-3, yield can increase by more than 1 times；The hedge wall shape of the invention is tree-like, not only may be used
With the effective growth controlling tree crown, can make spacious in the ranks simultaneously, reach the purpose of ventilation and penetrating light；The present invention
The tree-like 3 layers of 6 parallel major branch of hedge wall shape created stretch between strain, applicable dense planting, seeding row spacing 5x5 rice, often
667m2Plant 27 strains, increase by 14 strains or 20 strains than evacuating layering shape (5x10 rice or 10x10 rice)；This
The hedge wall shape of innovation and creation is tree-like, simple in construction, and tree-like cultivation is easy, is easily accepted by orchard worker and popularization and application,
Be a kind of apocarya high-quality, Labor-saving cultivation the most tree-like.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1. apocarya castatopsis fissa is tree-like
Specific implementation method
Embodiment 1
The apocarya castatopsis fissa of the present invention is tree-like, is divided within 4 years, complete.
1) plantation: choose that physical features is smooth, fertile soil is rich in organic soil, and plants legume and enter
Row is increased soil fertility, and after legume grows 3 months, then utilizes digging machine that soil is ploughed deeply 0.8～1.2m, and will
Legume ploughs under in soil as green manure, and annual November-March next year carries out apocarya plantation,
Dig diameter 1m, the hole of degree of depth 80cm, the fertilizer that bottom paving 20kg becomes thoroughly decomposed, then spread the soil of 20cm,
Finally by apocarya seedling growth, seeding row spacing 5x5 rice of planting, fill permeable 1 time after field planting；
2) First Year shaping: full bud of selecting and remain after seedling planting is done surely, and heading height is 1.0 meters, then exists
Concrete column is buried in the centre of spacing in the rows, and concrete column draws together No. 8 steel wires along row at 0.8 meter of ground, up every
0.8 meter is drawn together, draws 3 roads altogether；The season of growth selects 2 rightabout major branches at base portion along row, is strapped in
On steel wire, make to stretch between strain about two major branches；Select and remain at the dry second layer in center winter full bud, by its with
Upper part is cut；During winter pruning, the strong bud of major branch choosing carries out cutting back, and the length of cutting back is original annotinous branch
1/5；At major branch homonymy every 50～60 centimetres of fruitful branches of selecting and remain, and it is carried out cutting back, the length of cutting back
Degree is the 1/5 of original annotinous branch, and fruitful branch stretches in the ranks, and back branch and other unnecessary branch remove.
3) Second Year shaping: the season of growth selects 2 rightabout major branches at the second layer along row, is strapped in steel
On silk, make to stretch between strain about two major branches；Full bud of selecting and remain at third layer is done winter, more than it at center
Part is cut；During winter pruning, the strong bud of major branch choosing carries out cutting back；Select and remain every 50～60 centimetres at major branch homonymy
One fruitful branch, and it is carried out cutting back, the length of cutting back is the 1/5 of original annotinous branch, and fruitful branch is stretched
To in the ranks, back branch and other unnecessary branch remove.
4) shaping in the 3rd year: the season of growth selects 2 rightabout major branches in third layer along row, is strapped in steel
On silk, make to stretch between strain about two major branches；Select and remain on center is dry winter full bud, its above section is cut
Fall；During winter pruning, the strong bud of major branch choosing, cuts its above section；At major branch homonymy every 50～60 centimetres
Selecting and remain a fruitful branch, and it is carried out cutting back, the length of cutting back is the 1/5 of original annotinous branch, result
Branch stretches in the ranks, and back branch and other unnecessary branch remove.
5) shaping in the 4th year: mid-June carries out cutting back process, a year of 20 50cm to the branch on major branch
Raw branch cutting back 1/5, the annotinous branch cutting back 1/3 of more than 50cm；The winter pruning result branch to cultivating
Carrying out cutting back process, the length of cutting back is the 1/5 of original annotinous branch, promotes that branch is formed, is quickly formed
Tree crown；
By the pruning of 4 years, described apocarya Fructus Persicae hedge wall shape tree-like (Fig. 1) completed.This tree
Shape is high 3.2～3.5 meters, trunk height 0.8-1.0 rice, forms 1 trunk, 3 layers of parallel 6 major branch and 1
The hedge wall shape of elongated central branch is tree-like, seeding row spacing 5x5 rice of planting, and the direction of the most parallel 6 major branches is stretched between strain,
Centered by trunk, on each 3 the major branch major branches in both sides, the outfit one of 50～60 centimetres of homonymy interval is large and medium-sized
Fruit-bearing shoot cluster, each major branch 8～10 fruit-bearing shoot clusters.This is tree-like can quickly form substantial amounts of result brachyplast,
Apocarya realizes real high yield morning, the 5th year, the number of results ratio evacuation layering shape increasing respectively of the 6th year after plantation
Add 1.29 and 1.73 times.And this tree structure is simple, and ventilated condition is good, field management is convenient, is
A kind of apocarya novel high-quality, Labor-saving are cultivated tree-like.This method is suitable for ripple Buddhist nun, Ma Han, Wichita
Plant Deng apocarya improved seeds.
Evacuate layering shape: doing high 40 60cm, ground floor stays 3 major branches, about spacing 80cm, the 2nd layer
Staying 2 major branches, the head that more than falls is happy.The most each major branch 1～2 side shoot of configuration, has center to do.The most whole
Shape method is: field planting heading height 40 60cm then.Second Year spring, select the vertical branch that apical growth gesture is strong
Do for central authorities leader, then the branch selecting 3 angles good on trunk make the 1st layer of major branch, cutting back about 1/3,
Each major branch becomes 50 60 degree with trunk.Other relatively vertical branch can be dredged, and middle brachyplast should retain, as fruitful branch.
When within 3rd year, spring prunes, the branch that degree of selecting the role is opened a business on the major branch that last year selects and remain makees side shoot and elongated shoot, then
Selecting 2 major branches as the 2nd layer on center is dry, major branch is straggly opens with the 1st layer, two interlamellar spacing 50 60cm,
Simultaneously by dry for the center head that falls happily.Can shape through 34 years.
| 5th annual bearing number (individual) after plantation | 6th annual bearing number (individual) after plantation | |
| Hedge wall shape | 80 (increasing by 1.29 times) | 243 (increasing by 1.73 times) |
| Evacuate layering shape | 35 | 89 |
Claims (4)
1. the shaping methods that an apocarya hedge wall shape is tree-like, this is tree-like high 3.2～3.5 meters, trunk height 0.8-1.0 rice, for having 1 trunk, the hedge wall shape of 3 layers of parallel 6 major branch and 1 elongated central branch is tree-like, and the direction of the most parallel 6 major branches is stretched between strain, centered by trunk, each 3 major branches in both sides, on major branch, homonymy is spaced 50～60 centimetres and is equipped with a large and medium-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster, each major branch 8～10 result plant；It is characterized in that this shaping methods comprises the steps:
1) plantation: choose that physical features is smooth, fertile soil is rich in organic soil, and plant legume and increase soil fertility, after legume grows 3 months, then utilize digging machine that soil is ploughed deeply 0.8 ~ 1.2m, and legume is ploughed under in soil as green manure, annual November-March next year carries out apocarya plantation, dig diameter 1m, the hole of degree of depth 80cm, the fertilizer that bottom paving 20kg becomes thoroughly decomposed, then spreads the soil of 20cm, finally by seedling growth, plant seeding row spacing 5*5 rice, after field planting, fill permeable 1 time；
2) First Year shaping: select full bud surely to do after seedling planting, heading height is 1.0-1.2 rice, and then concrete column is buried in the centre in spacing in the rows, and concrete column draws No. 8 steel wires together along row at the 0.8-1.0 rice of ground, up draws together every 0.8 meter, draws 3 roads altogether；The season of growth selects 2 rightabout major branches at base portion along row, is strapped on steel wire, makes to stretch between strain about two major branches；Center was done full bud of selecting and remain at the second layer and was carried out cutting back winter；During winter pruning, the strong bud of major branch choosing carries out cutting back, at major branch homonymy every 50～60 centimetres of fruitful branches of selecting and remain, and it is carried out cutting back, and fruitful branch stretches in the ranks, and back branch and other unnecessary branch remove；
3) Second Year shaping: the season of growth selects 2 rightabout major branches at the second layer along row, is strapped on steel wire, makes to stretch between strain about two major branches；Center was done full bud of selecting and remain at third layer and was carried out cutting back winter；During winter pruning, the strong bud of major branch choosing carries out cutting back；At major branch homonymy every 50～60 centimetres of fruitful branches of selecting and remain, and it being carried out cutting back, fruitful branch stretches in the ranks, and back branch and other unnecessary branch remove；
4) shaping in the 3rd year: the season of growth selects 2 rightabout major branches in third layer along row, is strapped on steel wire, makes to stretch between strain about two major branches；Full bud of selecting and remain on center is dry winter carries out cutting back；During winter pruning, major branch is selected and remain strong bud, its above section is cut；At major branch homonymy every 50～60 centimetres of fruitful branches of selecting and remain, and it being carried out cutting back, fruitful branch stretches in the ranks, and back branch and other unnecessary branch remove；
5) shaping in the 4th year: summer carries out cutting back process to the branch on major branch, winter pruning carries out cutting back process to the result branch cultivated, and promotes that branch is formed, quickly forms tree crown；By the pruning of 4 years, described apocarya hedge wall shape is tree-like to be completed.
The shaping methods that apocarya hedge wall shape the most according to claim 1 is tree-like, it is characterized in that step 2) in the height of concrete column be 3.0～3.2 meters, buried degree of depth is 0.6～0.8 meter, and concrete column stays a hole every 0.8 meter, is used for fixing or through steel wire.
The shaping methods that apocarya hedge wall shape the most according to claim 1 is tree-like, it is characterised in that step 2), 3), 4) and 5) in, the length of winter pruning cutting back is the 1/5～1/3 of original annotinous branch.
The shaping methods that apocarya hedge wall shape the most according to claim 1 is tree-like, it is characterized in that in step 5), summer carries out cutting back process to the branch on major branch, carries out in annual mid-June, the annotinous branch cutting back 1/5 of 20-50cm, the annotinous branch cutting back 1/3 of more than 50cm.
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| CN107484616A (en) * | 2017-09-08 | 2017-12-19 | 塔里木大学 | A kind of tree-like breeding method of apricot castatopsis fissa " rich " font |
| CN107926424A (en) * | 2017-11-21 | 2018-04-20 | 泗洪县科晖现代农业发展生态园 | A kind of method that apocarya high yield tree-shaped is cultivated |
| CN108476845B (en) * | 2018-03-09 | 2019-12-24 | 江苏省林业科学研究院 | Directional cultivation method for carya illinoensis crown |
| CN108718746B (en) * | 2018-05-22 | 2020-06-23 | 四川省自然资源科学研究院 | Tree-shaped culture method for kiwifruit canker |
| CN108934706A (en) * | 2018-07-19 | 2018-12-07 | 江西绿萌科技控股有限公司 | A kind of castatopsis fissa navel orange implantation methods |
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| CN109006148A (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2018-12-18 | 杭州赛石园林集团有限公司 | A kind of dungarunga sheet formative method |
| CN110140584A (en) * | 2019-06-21 | 2019-08-20 | 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所 | A kind of method for building up of apocarya fruit and timber forest |
| CN110583347B (en) * | 2019-10-23 | 2022-01-28 | 南京林业大学 | Cultivation method of high-stem cherry blossom trees |
| CN110800534A (en) * | 2019-11-18 | 2020-02-18 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院园艺研究所 | Hickory branch tip culture method suitable for southern areas |
| CN111557205A (en) * | 2020-06-05 | 2020-08-21 | 安徽水清木华生态科技股份有限公司 | Cultivation technology for early high yield of apocarya |
| CN113475304A (en) * | 2021-08-23 | 2021-10-08 | 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所 | Single-trunk three-main-branch open-core type tree form of apocarya and shaping and trimming method thereof |
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| NZ191490A (en) * | 1979-09-06 | 1984-05-31 | Ebro Espalier Ltd | Espalier training system: frame for supporting training wires |
| CN101715706B (en) * | 2010-01-19 | 2012-04-11 | 天津农学院 | Pruning method of short wall shaped jujube tree |
| CN102017883B (en) * | 2010-09-21 | 2012-04-25 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Early-bearing high-yield shaping method for carya illinoensis |
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