CN111802199A - Planting and processing method of pure natural organic traditional Chinese medicine bighead atractylodes rhizome - Google Patents

Planting and processing method of pure natural organic traditional Chinese medicine bighead atractylodes rhizome Download PDF

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CN111802199A
CN111802199A CN202010754742.9A CN202010754742A CN111802199A CN 111802199 A CN111802199 A CN 111802199A CN 202010754742 A CN202010754742 A CN 202010754742A CN 111802199 A CN111802199 A CN 111802199A
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atractylodes rhizome
planting
bighead atractylodes
seeds
parts
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CN111802199B (en
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钟文辉
张玲玲
何兴平
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Deshengtang Jiangsu Pharmaceutical Co ltd
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Deshengtang Jiangsu Pharmaceutical Co ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
    • A01C1/08—Immunising seed
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00—Protecting plants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
    • A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
    • A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
    • A61K36/28—Asteraceae or Compositae (Aster or Sunflower family), e.g. chamomile, feverfew, yarrow or echinacea
    • A61K36/284—Atractylodes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
    • C05D1/00—Fertilisers containing potassium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/14—Measures for saving energy, e.g. in green houses

Abstract

The invention provides a planting and processing method of a pure natural organic Chinese medicinal material, namely bighead atractylodes rhizome, which comprises the following steps: (1) a seedling stage; (2) selecting land, preparing land and applying base fertilizer: selecting a sandy loam land block which is cool in low-altitude climate, good in soil water permeability and loose and fertile, and ploughing, leveling and finely crushing the soil; (3) transplanting and planting in the field; (4) field management: comprising water management, weeding, bud picking and pest control; (5) and (6) harvesting and processing. The bighead atractylodes rhizome is planted by adopting an organic planting method of symbiotic crop rotation, and by using organic fertilizer, the use of pesticide is avoided, the seedlings are grown under the environment of high altitude, low temperature and low pressure and then transplanted to low altitude areas for planting, and the occurrence probability of plant diseases and insect pests in the bighead atractylodes rhizome planting process is reduced; the processing of the harvested bighead atractylodes rhizome adopts a temperature-controllable drying room, so that the pollution problems caused by mildew, coal drying and the like are avoided.

Description

Planting and processing method of pure natural organic traditional Chinese medicine bighead atractylodes rhizome
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of planting and processing of traditional Chinese medicinal materials, and particularly relates to a method for planting and processing a pure natural organic traditional Chinese medicinal material.
Background
The bighead atractylodes rhizome has the functions of tonifying spleen and invigorating stomach, eliminating dampness and promoting diuresis, arresting sweating and preventing miscarriage and the like, is one of main medicinal materials of Chinese herbal medicines in the medical field, and is also one of food additives for folk circulation. The pharmacological action of the largehead atractylodes rhizome is acknowledged, and the largehead atractylodes rhizome is easy to accept by farmers for starting scale planting. The atractylodes macrocephala koidz can be planted in both mountainous land and dry land as long as the drainage is good, and the atractylodes macrocephala koidz can be planted in acidic clay loam and slightly alkaline sandy loam, but the atractylodes macrocephala koidz is not suitable for being planted in low-lying land and saline-alkali land.
The atractylodes macrocephala koidz is mainly distributed in Zhejiang, Hunan, Yunnan and Guizhou provinces, and Hunan is the production area of the atractylodes macrocephala koidz, and has a planting history of more than 300 years. Due to serious crop rotation obstacle of bighead atractylodes rhizome cultivation, the problems of pest and disease damage, variety degradation, low yield and the like often occur when the bighead atractylodes rhizome is planted in one place for a long time. The atractylodes macrocephala koidz has the characteristics of 'four fears and three fears', namely drought fearing, dampness fearing, heat fearing, maturity fearing, dryness fearing, cool fearing and growth fearing, in order to improve the yield, pesticides and fertilizers are often used in the atractylodes macrocephala koidz planting process, but the phenomena of seedling shortage, seedling reduction, plant diseases and insect pests and yield reduction caused by the inapplicable pesticides and fertilizers are avoided, so that how to improve the yield of the planted natural atractylodes macrocephala koidz is one of important problems to be solved. Meanwhile, the prior enterprises or agriculture generally adopt natural drying of the bighead atractylodes rhizome, the natural drying of the bighead atractylodes rhizome needs 6-7 days, the drying period of the method is long, the bighead atractylodes rhizome is easy to mildew in the drying process, so that the quality is greatly reduced, and the drying and subsequent processing of the bighead atractylodes rhizome are important problems to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: aiming at the technical problems in the prior scheme, the invention provides a planting and processing method of a pure natural organic Chinese medicinal material, namely bighead atractylodes rhizome; according to the method, the organic planting method of symbiotic crop rotation is adopted, organic fertilizers are used, the use of pesticides is avoided, the advantage of low survival rate of ova in the high-altitude, low-temperature and low-pressure environment is utilized, the traditional Chinese medicine seeds are cultivated, and then the ova are transplanted to low-altitude areas for planting, so that the pest and disease occurrence probability in the process of planting the bighead atractylodes rhizome is reduced; the collected rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae is processed by adopting a temperature-controllable drying room, and the rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae is dried by heating air, so that the pollution problems caused by mildew, coal drying and the like are avoided.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the invention provides a planting and processing method of a pure natural organic Chinese medicinal material, namely bighead atractylodes rhizome, which comprises the following steps: (1) a seedling stage; (2) selecting land, preparing land and applying base fertilizer: selecting a sandy loam land block which is cool in low-altitude climate, good in soil water permeability and loose and fertile, ploughing, leveling and finely crushing the soil, and trimming the soil into a furrow with the width of 1.2m, wherein the surface of the furrow is arc-shaped so as to facilitate drainage, and the depth and the width of the furrow are both 25 cm; (3) transplanting and planting in the field: preferably, transplanting the white art seedlings bred in the step (1) on the soil of the finished field after the base fertilizer is applied and integrated in the step (2), wherein the transplanting is characterized by tender epidermis, full buds, long upper part, round and large tail part and dense soft fine roots; (4) field management: comprising water management, weeding, bud picking and pest control; (5) and (6) harvesting and processing.
Further, the seedling stage of the step (1) comprises the following three steps: (a) variety selection and seed treatment: selecting high-quality seeds of bighead atractylodes rhizome, sequentially performing medicament treatment and microwave treatment on the seeds of white atractylodes rhizome, wherein the medicament treatment before sowing is mainly used for preventing diseases such as root rot, southern blight and the like; the microwave treatment is mainly used for promoting the emergence of seedlings of the largehead atractylodes rhizome, improving the germination rate and killing worm eggs; (b) sowing: and (3) ditching at the row spacing of 15-20 cm by selecting a high-altitude low-temperature low-pressure area in a drilling mode, wherein the ditch width is 7-10 cm, and the ditch depth is 3-5 cm. Sowing in the last 3 to 4 months with the sowing amount of 75kg/hm & lt 2 & gt, covering soil after sowing, covering largehead atractylodes rhizome seeds, slightly compacting, covering grass on the ridge surface for moisturizing (water is sprayed and watered when meeting drought); emergence of seedlings 7-10 days after sowing, uncovering the cover grass after emergence of seedlings, and paying attention to strengthening field management; (c) seedling stage management: the field management in the seedling stage mainly comprises fertilization, pest control, weeding, water drainage, irrigation and bud picking; thinning and final singling are carried out when the largehead atractylodes rhizome seedlings have 4-6 leaves, dense seedlings and weak seedlings are pulled out, the plant spacing is kept to be 3.3-5.0 cm, and the robust growth of the seedlings is promoted.
Further, the medicament treatment method in the step (a) is to soak seeds in 500 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder for 30min, take out the seeds, wash the seeds clean with clear water, then place the seeds in warm water at 40 ℃ for soaking for 1 to 3h, take out the seeds, drain and dry the seeds until the surfaces of the seeds are anhydrous.
Further, the microwave treatment in the step (a) is to send the dried atractylodes macrocephala seeds after the medicament treatment into a microwave oven with the microwave frequency of 2000-2200 MHz and the microwave power of 150-160W for treatment for 4-6 min, soak the atractylodes macrocephala seeds in warm water at 40 ℃ for 3-4 h, take out the atractylodes macrocephala seeds, dry the atractylodes macrocephala seeds slightly and directly sow the atractylodes macrocephala seeds.
Further, the sandy loam plot selected in the step (2) is a gramineous crop.
Preferably, the sandy loam plot selected is a crop of maize and the crop of maize is one of wheat, rice, barley, sorghum.
Further, the base fertilizer applied after land preparation in the step (2) is an organic fertilizer and comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 55-60 parts of corn straw, 40-42 parts of sesame straw, 34-40 parts of peanut vine, 30-36 parts of pig manure, 8-12 parts of chicken manure, 25-30 parts of edible fungus culture medium, 18-20 parts of fallen leaves, 11-15 parts of sawdust, 13-15 parts of leftovers of bighead atractylodes rhizome, 9-10 parts of plant ash and 6-10 parts of EM (effective microorganisms) bacteria.
Further, the transplanting and planting time of the step (3) is from 11 middle to 2 last days of the current year of seed seedling culture; the planting is carried out by wide-narrow row hole planting, and fibrous roots are cut off during transplanting; planting 4 rows on the ridge surface, wherein the row spacing of the wide rows in the middle is 40cm, the row spacing of the narrow rows on the two sides is 30cm, planting is placed in the ditch according to the plant spacing of 23-26 cm, and the bud tips are upward; planting holes 8-12 cm deep, planting 1-2 plants in each hole, making rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae bud upward, covering with burnt lime after planting, covering soil, leveling with the surface of a furrow, compacting at two sides, and watering.
Preferably, the transplanting and planting time in the step (3) is from 12 late months to 1 early months of the current year of the seedling of the seeds, and the seeds are preferably planted in the current year without leaf-drawing and flowering, strong and strong main buds, small and regular roots and apricot pits.
Further, the field management stage in the step (4) comprises water management, weeding and fertilizing, flower bud picking and pest control, wherein the water management is to ensure that the growth soil of the largehead atractylodes rhizome is not accumulated with water by ditching and draining, and drought is ensured by irrigation; the whole growth period of the largehead atractylodes rhizome is long, and people need to timely ditch and drain water, so that no accumulated water exists in the field when the rain stops, and diseases are prevented from being induced by overhigh field humidity. In the later growth period of the bighead atractylodes rhizome, proper water is needed particularly for the expansion and growth period of the rhizome, and irrigation is needed in time if drought occurs; the weeding and fertilizing is that weeding work is carried out at the early growth stage of seedlings, and fertilizing is carried out in combination with the fertilizing work, namely the organic fertilizer is applied; after the growth of the largehead atractylodes rhizome enters the vigorous growth stage, the weeding and fertilizing work is not carried out any more; the bud removal is that the buds are removed in time from other plants except the plant reserved for the seeds.
Further, the harvesting in the step (5) is that the white atractylodes rhizome is harvested in a suitable period when the stem leaves of the white atractylodes rhizome begin to wither in the last 10 th to middle 11 th of the year. When in collection, the rootstocks are dug out, the stalks are cut off, and the stalks are transported back to be processed.
Further, the processing in the step (5) adopts a temperature-controllable drying room, and the white atractylodes rhizome is dried by heating with air.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the bighead atractylodes rhizome is planted by adopting an organic planting method of symbiotic crop rotation, a extensive organic planting technology of crop rotation of the bighead atractylodes rhizome and common gramineous plants is adopted, and an organic fertilizer is used, so that the use of pesticides is effectively avoided, the content of medicinal active ingredients of the bighead atractylodes rhizome is increased, the safety usability of the bighead atractylodes rhizome is improved, the disease rate of leaf spot disease of the bighead atractylodes rhizome is controlled to be 5% through artificial physical prevention and control, and the prevention effect can reach 95%. The planting method utilizes the advantage of low worm egg survival rate in the high-altitude low-temperature low-pressure environment to cultivate the bighead atractylodes rhizome seeds, transplants the seeds into low-altitude areas for planting after seedling raising, reduces the probability of occurrence of diseases and pests in the traditional Chinese medicine planting process, and realizes the high-altitude low-differential cultivation technology. The planted atractylodes macrocephala koidz is harvested and processed by adopting a temperature-controllable drying room, and the atractylodes macrocephala koidz is dried by heating air, so that the problem of pollution of harmful substances such as dust, sulfur dioxide and the like to the medicinal materials of the atractylodes macrocephala koidz caused by mildew and traditional coal drying is solved.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated by the following specific examples, which are given for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to be limiting;
examples
A planting and processing method of a pure natural organic Chinese medicinal material, namely bighead atractylodes rhizome, comprises the following steps:
(1) seedling stage: the seedling stage comprises the following three steps: (a) variety selection and seed treatment: selecting high-quality seeds of bighead atractylodes rhizome, sequentially performing medicament treatment and microwave treatment on the seeds of white atractylodes rhizome, wherein the medicament treatment before sowing is mainly used for preventing diseases such as root rot, southern blight and the like; the microwave treatment is mainly used for promoting the emergence of seedlings of the largehead atractylodes rhizome, improving the germination rate and killing worm eggs; the medicament treatment method comprises the steps of soaking the seeds in 500 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder for 30min, taking out the seeds, washing the seeds with clear water, soaking the seeds in warm water at 40 ℃ for 1-3 h, taking out the seeds, draining and drying the seeds until the surfaces of the seeds are anhydrous. The microwave treatment is to send the dried atractylis ovata seeds after the medicament treatment into a microwave oven with microwave frequency of 2000-2200 MHz and microwave power of 150-160W for treatment for 4-6 min, soak the atractylis ovata seeds in warm water at 40 ℃ for 3-4 h, take out the atractylis ovata seeds, slightly dry the atractylis ovata seeds and directly sow the atractylis ovata seeds. (b) Sowing: and (3) ditching at the row spacing of 15-20 cm by selecting a high-altitude low-temperature low-pressure area in a drilling mode, wherein the ditch width is 7-10 cm, and the ditch depth is 3-5 cm. Sowing in the last 3 to 4 months with the sowing amount of 75kg/hm & lt 2 & gt, covering soil after sowing, covering largehead atractylodes rhizome seeds, slightly compacting, covering grass on the ridge surface for moisturizing (water is sprayed and watered when meeting drought); emergence of seedlings 7-10 days after sowing, uncovering the cover grass after emergence of seedlings, and paying attention to strengthening field management; (c) seedling stage management: the field management in the seedling stage mainly comprises fertilization, pest control, weeding, water drainage, irrigation and bud picking; thinning and final singling are carried out when the largehead atractylodes rhizome seedlings have 4-6 leaves, dense seedlings and weak seedlings are pulled out, the plant spacing is kept to be 3.3-5.0 cm, and the robust growth of the seedlings is promoted.
(2) Selecting land, preparing land and applying base fertilizer: selecting a sandy loam land block which is cool in low-altitude climate, good in soil water permeability and loose and fertile, ploughing, leveling and finely crushing the soil, and trimming the soil into a furrow with the width of 1.2m, wherein the surface of the furrow is arc-shaped so as to facilitate drainage, and the depth and the width of the furrow are both 25 cm; selected sandy loam plots are previously grown as gramineous crops. Preferably, the sandy loam plot selected is a crop of maize and the crop of maize is one of wheat, rice, barley, sorghum.
The base fertilizer applied after soil preparation is an organic fertilizer and consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 55-60 parts of corn straw, 40-42 parts of sesame straw, 34-40 parts of peanut vine, 30-36 parts of pig manure, 8-12 parts of chicken manure, 25-30 parts of edible fungus culture medium, 18-20 parts of fallen leaves, 11-15 parts of sawdust, 13-15 parts of leftovers of bighead atractylodes rhizome, 9-10 parts of plant ash and 6-10 parts of EM (effective microorganisms) bacteria.
(3) Transplanting and planting in the field: preferably, transplanting the white art seedlings bred in the step (1) on the soil of the finished field after the base fertilizer is applied and integrated in the step (2), wherein the transplanting is characterized by tender epidermis, full buds, long upper part, round and large tail part and dense soft fine roots; the transplanting and planting time is from 11 middle to 2 last ten days of the year of seed seedling culture; the planting is carried out by wide-narrow row hole planting, and fibrous roots are cut off during transplanting; planting 4 rows on the ridge surface, wherein the row spacing of the wide rows in the middle is 40cm, the row spacing of the narrow rows on the two sides is 30cm, planting is placed in the ditch according to the plant spacing of 23-26 cm, and the bud tips are upward; planting holes 8-12 cm deep, planting 1-2 plants in each hole, making rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae bud upward, covering with burnt lime after planting, covering soil, leveling with the surface of a furrow, compacting at two sides, and watering. Generally, 750-900 kg/hm 2 of fresh rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae is needed.
(4) Field management: the field management stage comprises water management, weeding and fertilizing, flower bud picking and pest control, wherein the water management ensures that the growth soil of the largehead atractylodes rhizome is not accumulated with water by ditching and draining, and drought is ensured by irrigation; the whole growth period of the largehead atractylodes rhizome is long, and people need to timely ditch and drain water, so that no accumulated water exists in the field when the rain stops, and diseases are prevented from being induced by overhigh field humidity. In the later growth period of the bighead atractylodes rhizome, proper water is needed particularly for the expansion and growth period of the rhizome, and irrigation is needed in time if drought occurs; the weeding and fertilizing are carried out in the early growth stage of seedlings, and the weeding and fertilizing are not carried out after the growth of the bighead atractylodes rhizome plants enters the vigorous growth stage in combination with the fertilizing; the bud removal is that the buds are removed in time from other plants except the plant reserved for the seeds; beginning to bud in the first ten days of 6 months, and picking buds in the middle of 7 months into the full period, wherein the buds are picked in 2-3 times in 20-25 days generally. Picking buds in sunny days, pinching stems with one hand, picking buds with the other hand, and cutting to avoid damaging stems and leaves, shaking the roots of plants and picking buds in rainy days; the pest control adopts physical control, disease plants are pulled out in time, and main pests and diseases of the bighead atractylodes rhizome, such as damping off, root rot, southern blight, iron leaf disease, rust disease, aphid, underground pests and the like, are treated intensively. In order to strengthen field inspection, the principle of prevention is taken as the main principle and comprehensive prevention and control principle is adhered to, the agricultural and physical prevention and control principle is taken as the main principle, the chemical prevention and control principle is taken as the auxiliary principle, and various technologies are adopted to comprehensively prevent and control plant diseases and insect pests. Agricultural pest information is focused, and prevention and control measures for mouth are selected by combining field inspection.
(5) And (6) harvesting and processing. The harvesting means that the white atractylodes rhizome is planted from late 10 to middle 11 months of the year, and the stem leaves of the white atractylodes rhizome begin to wither, so that the white atractylodes rhizome is harvested in an appropriate period. When in collection, the rootstocks are dug out, the stalks are cut off, and the stalks are transported back to be processed. The processing adopts a temperature-controllable drying room, and the white atractylodes rhizome is dried by air heating. The drying temperature of the processing temperature-controllable drying room cannot exceed 85 ℃. The temperature of the initial drying can not exceed 45 ℃, and the materials are turned over frequently in the process until the drying is carried out.
Table 1: parameter settings for examples 1 to 3:
example 1 Example 2 Example 3
Soaking time 1h 2h 3h
Frequency of microwaves 2000MHz 2100MHz 2200MHz
Microwave power 150W 160W 160W
Time of microwave treatment 6min 5min 4min
Soaking time 3h 4h 4h
Corn stalk 55 portions of 58 portions of 60 portions of
Sesame straw 40 portions of 42 portions of 41 portions of
Peanut vine 34 portions of 37 portions of 40 portions of
Pig manure 30 portions of 33 portions of 36 portions of
Chicken powder 12 portions of 10 portions of 8 portions of
Edible fungus culture medium 25 portions of 28 portions of 30 portions of
Fallen leaves 20 portions of 19 portions of 18 portions of
Saw dust 15 portions of 13 portions of 11 portions of
Bighead atractylodes rhizome leftover bits and pieces 13 portions of 14 portions of 15 portions of
Plant ash 10 portions of 10 portions of 9 portions of
EM (effective microorganisms) bacteria 10 portions of 8 portions of 6 portions of
Time of transplanting 12 ten days of the month 1 ten days of the month 11 ten days of the month
Drying temperature of drying room 40～60℃ 42～65℃ 45～80℃
TABLE 2 appearance of Atractylodes macrocephala of examples 1-3:
example 1 Example 2 Example 3
Mu yield (dry weight) of white atractylodes rhizome 301 kg/mu 298 kg/mu 289 kg/mu
Growth period of Atractylodis rhizoma 234 days 232 days 230 days
Appearance of dried Atractylodis rhizoma No mildew impurity No mildew impurity No mildew impurity
The best time for transplanting and planting is from 12 late ten days to 1 late ten days of the current year for seed seedling, and the best time for planting is that the seeds do not sprout and bloom, the main buds are strong, the rootstocks are small and regular, and the apricot pits are large in size.
The extensive organic planting technology for crop rotation of the bighead atractylodes rhizome and common gramineous plant companies effectively avoids the use of pesticides, improves the content of medicinal active ingredients of the bighead atractylodes rhizome, improves the safety usability of the bighead atractylodes rhizome, and realizes that the morbidity of the leaf spot of the bighead atractylodes rhizome is controlled to be 5% and the prevention effect can reach 95% through manual physical prevention and control. The planting method utilizes the advantage of low worm egg survival rate in the high-altitude low-temperature low-pressure environment to cultivate the bighead atractylodes rhizome seeds, transplants the seeds into low-altitude areas for planting after seedling raising, reduces the probability of occurrence of diseases and pests in the traditional Chinese medicine planting process, and realizes the high-altitude low-differential cultivation technology. The harvested rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae is dried by air heating in a drying room with controllable temperature. The problem of pollution of harmful substances such as dust, sulfur dioxide and the like to the medicinal materials of the bighead atractylodes rhizome in the traditional coal drying is avoided.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications should also be construed as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A planting and processing method of a pure natural organic Chinese medicinal material, namely bighead atractylodes rhizome is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: (1) a seedling stage; (2) selecting land, preparing land and applying base fertilizer: selecting a sandy loam land block which is cool in low-altitude climate, good in soil water permeability and loose and fertile, ploughing, leveling and finely crushing the soil, and trimming the soil into a furrow with the width of 1.2m, wherein the surface of the furrow is arc-shaped so as to facilitate drainage, and the depth and the width of the furrow are both 25 cm; (3) transplanting and planting in the field: preferably, transplanting the white art seedlings bred in the step (1) on the soil of the finished field after the base fertilizer is applied and integrated in the step (2), wherein the transplanting is characterized by tender epidermis, full buds, long upper part, round and large tail part and dense soft fine roots; (4) field management: comprising water management, weeding, bud picking and pest control; (5) and (6) harvesting and processing.
2. The planting and processing method of the pure natural organic Chinese herbal medicine bighead atractylodes rhizome according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the seedling stage of the step (1) comprises the following three steps: (a) variety selection and seed treatment: selecting high-quality seeds of the bighead atractylodes rhizome variety, and sequentially performing medicament treatment and microwave treatment on the seeds of the white atractylodes rhizome; (b) sowing: selecting a high-altitude low-temperature low-pressure area, and ditching in a drilling mode according to the row spacing of 15-20 cm, wherein the ditch width is 7-10 cm, and the ditch depth is 3-5 cm; sowing in the last ten days of 3 months to the last ten days of 4 months, wherein the sowing amount is 75kg/hm & lt 2 & gt, covering soil after sowing, covering largehead atractylodes rhizome seeds, slightly compacting, covering grass on the ridge surfaces for moisturizing or spraying water; emergence of seedlings 7-10 days after sowing, uncovering the cover grass after emergence of seedlings, and paying attention to strengthening field management; (c) seedling stage management: the field management in the seedling stage mainly comprises fertilization, pest control, weeding, water drainage, irrigation and bud picking; thinning and final singling are carried out when the largehead atractylodes rhizome seedlings have 4-6 leaves, dense seedlings and weak seedlings are pulled out, the plant spacing is kept to be 3.3-5.0 cm, and the robust growth of the seedlings is promoted.
3. The planting and processing method of the pure natural organic Chinese herbal medicine bighead atractylodes rhizome according to claim 2, characterized by comprising the following steps: the medicament treatment method in the step (a) is to soak seeds in 500 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder for 30min, take out and wash the seeds with clear water, then soak the seeds in warm water at 40 ℃ for 1 to 3h, take out and drain the seeds until the surfaces of the seeds are anhydrous.
4. The planting and processing method of the pure natural organic Chinese herbal medicine bighead atractylodes rhizome as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: and (b) the microwave treatment in the step (a) is to send the dried white atractylodes rhizome seeds after the medicament treatment into a microwave oven with the microwave frequency of 2000-2200 MHz and the microwave power of 150-160W for treatment for 4-6 min, soak the white atractylodes rhizome seeds in warm water at 40 ℃ for 3-4 h, take out the white atractylodes rhizome seeds, dry the white atractylodes rhizome seeds slightly and directly sow the white atractylodes rhizome seeds.
5. The planting and processing method of the pure natural organic Chinese herbal medicine bighead atractylodes rhizome according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the sandy loam plot selected in the step (2) is a gramineous crop.
6. The planting and processing method of the pure natural organic Chinese herbal medicine bighead atractylodes rhizome according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the base fertilizer applied after land preparation in the step (2) is an organic fertilizer and consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 55-60 parts of corn straw, 40-42 parts of sesame straw, 34-40 parts of peanut vine, 30-36 parts of pig manure, 8-12 parts of chicken manure, 25-30 parts of edible fungus culture medium, 18-20 parts of fallen leaves, 11-15 parts of sawdust, 13-15 parts of leftovers of bighead atractylodes rhizome, 9-10 parts of plant ash and 6-10 parts of EM (effective microorganisms) bacteria.
7. The planting and processing method of the pure natural organic Chinese herbal medicine bighead atractylodes rhizome according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the transplanting and planting time of the step (3) is from 11 middle ten days to 2 last ten days of the year of seed seedling culture, wide-narrow row hole planting is carried out on the planting, and fibrous roots are cut off during transplanting; planting 4 rows on the ridge surface, wherein the row spacing of the wide rows in the middle is 40cm, the row spacing of the narrow rows on the two sides is 30cm, planting is placed in the ditch according to the plant spacing of 23-26 cm, and the bud tips are upward; planting holes 8-12 cm deep, planting 1-2 plants in each hole, making rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae bud upward, covering with burnt lime after planting, covering soil, leveling with the surface of a furrow, compacting at two sides, and watering.
8. The planting and processing method of the pure natural organic Chinese herbal medicine bighead atractylodes rhizome according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the field management stage in the step (4) comprises water management, weeding and fertilizing, flower bud picking and pest control, wherein the water management is to ensure that the growth soil of the largehead atractylodes rhizome is not accumulated with water by ditching and draining, and drought is ensured by irrigation; weeding and fertilizing, namely weeding work is carried out at the early growth stage of seedlings and combined with fertilizing work; the pest prevention and control adopts physical prevention and control, and disease plants are pulled out in time and are treated in a centralized manner.
9. The planting and processing method of the pure natural organic Chinese herbal medicine bighead atractylodes rhizome according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the harvesting in the step (5) is that the proper period for harvesting the white atractylodes rhizome is set when the stem leaves of the white atractylodes rhizome begin to wither from 10 late to 11 middle of the month in the year; when in collection, the rootstocks are dug out, the stalks are cut off, and the stalks are transported back to be processed.
10. The planting and processing method of the pure natural organic Chinese herbal medicine bighead atractylodes rhizome according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: and (5) drying the bighead atractylodes rhizome by heating with air in a temperature-controllable drying room.
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