CN111567291A - Comprehensive prevention and treatment method for ginger bacterial wilt - Google Patents
Comprehensive prevention and treatment method for ginger bacterial wilt Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a comprehensive control method of ginger bacterial wilt, when ginger plant shows symptoms, the ginger plant is treated by plugging, irrigating, soaking, stuffiness, changing and irrigating, namely: the diseased plants with diseases are rapidly controlled to form a groove-shaped space, chemical agents are injected into the groove-shaped space, then mulching films are covered, and the chemical agents are fully released by utilizing high temperature, so that the diseased plants are disinfected, and the large area occurrence is prevented. Meanwhile, in order to avoid the infection of the nearby healthy plants, the healthy ginger plants are subjected to root irrigation treatment by using chemical agents at the upstream and downstream of the diseased plants respectively. The method can reduce the ginger bacterial wilt of the ginger by 90 percent, effectively control the occurrence and the spread of the ginger bacterial wilt, and cut off the way of spreading the ginger bacterial wilt through soil by the treatment of blocking, filling, soaking, stuffiness, improving and filling, so that the ginger bacterial wilt can not be grown in blocks in situ even if the planting is continued in the next year.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of plant protection, in particular to a comprehensive prevention and control method for ginger blast.
Background
Ginger bacterial wilt, also known as ginger rot, bacterial wilt and ginger bacterial wilt, is caused by infection with ralstonia solanacearum, which is the disease of the upper part of the base and the rhizome of the stem. Tender ginger is in the form of water stain at the beginning, is yellow brown, has lusterless surface, smells smelly, and has light pungent taste, and then gradually softens, is filled with grey-white foul juice inside, and flows out dirty white juice after epidermis is cracked.
The ginger blast is a destructive disease commonly occurring in ginger planting areas, the pathogen of the ginger blast is pseudomonas solanacearum, the plant is infected through the ways of planting ginger, fertilizing water, soil and the like, once the disease condition is spread rapidly, the yield reduction range reaches 20% -80%, and the ginger cannot be planted in the land within 3-5 years, so that the land cost of farmers is increased, and the economic benefit is reduced. The rotten ginger also contains safrole which can cause the liver cells of hepatitis patients to generate degeneration and necrosis so as to induce liver cancer, so that the ginger blast disease seriously affects the yield and quality of ginger in China.
At present, the ginger blast mainly takes agricultural control measures as main measures, disease-resistant varieties are selected, disease-resistant plants are pulled out, and medicament control and biological control are supplemented to cut off a propagation path and control the occurrence and spread of diseases as far as possible. The commonly used chemical agents are bitter chloride, metalaxyl, fosetyl-aluminium, copper thielavide, potassium permanganate, formaldehyde and the like, and the application mode is seed soaking or soil disinfection before sowing. The 99% chloropicrin stock solution is used for treating soil to prevent and treat the ginger blast, the effect is good, the drug effect is durable, but soil microorganisms are killed in a non-specific mode, the physicochemical and biological characteristics of the soil are influenced, the disease condition is aggravated, and the environmental and food pollution is easily caused. The biological control of the ginger bacterial wilt mainly focuses on two aspects of antibacterial substance characteristic research and microbial inoculum development. At present, an effective method for preventing and treating the ginger bacterial wilt, particularly for treating the diseased ginger field, cannot be found, and the comprehensive prevention and treatment taking the prevention as the main is an effective measure for preventing and treating the ginger bacterial wilt. However, the ginger blast is difficult to control because of the soil-borne diseases, large variation of pathogenic bacteria and wide host range. The prior art has no better treatment means.
Accordingly, the prior art is subject to further improvement and development.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects of the prior art, the comprehensive control method for ginger bacterial wilt provided by the invention can improve the control effect of ginger bacterial wilt on the premise of not damaging the original ridges of a ginger field and ensuring the yield.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention comprises the following steps:
a comprehensive control method for ginger bacterial wilt sequentially comprises the following steps when ginger plants show symptoms:
blocking, namely, after the diseased plant shows the symptoms of ginger bacterial wilt, blocking the diseased plant and two adjacent healthy plants at two ends in a ring shape by using soil without germs to form a 'groove-shaped' space;
irrigation: pouring the groove-shaped space according to the proportion of 500ml of 40% formalin solution to 15L water until the soil in the whole groove-shaped space is soaked;
soaking: soaking all plants in the groove-shaped space;
and (3) stewing: covering a layer of mulching film on the groove-shaped space, sealing the groove-shaped space, and sealing for 15-30 days at 40-50 ℃;
changing: irrigation channels are respectively changed before and after the groove-shaped space, so that diseased plants are avoided;
irrigation: 5 ginger plants at the upstream and 10 ginger plants at the downstream of the "trough" space respectively were subjected to root irrigation with a root irrigation solution.
The comprehensive control method of ginger bacterial wilt comprises the following steps: 0.03 part of 30 percent copper succinate + glutarate; 4 portions of 30 percent hymexazol; 160 ten thousand units of streptomycin for animals 1.6 parts, and water 750 parts; wherein the copper succinate + glutarate is a mixture of copper succinate, copper glutarate and copper adipate complex; hymexazol is 3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole.
15 parts of the chemical solution was poured into each of the 5 ginger plants at the upstream and 10 ginger plants at the downstream of the "tank-type" space.
The comprehensive control method for ginger bacterial wilt comprises the following steps of: digging a first ditch on the position of 5 ginger plants at the upstream of a 'groove-shaped' space of a diseased ridge, and communicating the first ditch with one ridge; and digging a second ditch on the corresponding position of 10 ginger plants at the downstream of the 'groove-shaped' space of the ridge, so that the second ditch is communicated with the diseased ridge.
The invention provides a comprehensive prevention and treatment method for ginger bacterial wilt, which is characterized in that diseased plants are quickly controlled to form a groove-shaped space, chemical agents are injected into the groove-shaped space, then mulching films are covered, and the chemical agents are fully released by utilizing high temperature, so that the diseased plants are disinfected, and the large-area occurrence is prevented. Meanwhile, in order to avoid infection of nearby healthy plants, chemical agents are respectively used for root irrigation treatment on healthy ginger plants at the upstream and the downstream of diseased plants, the method can effectively control the occurrence and spread of ginger bacterial wilt, and a path for spreading ginger bacterial wilt through soil is cut off through the treatment of blocking, irrigating, soaking, smoldering, reforming and irrigating, so that the ginger bacterial wilt cannot be damaged by the massive ginger bacterial wilt in situ even if the ginger bacterial wilt continues to be planted in the next year.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a comprehensive prevention and treatment method for ginger bacterial wilt, and the invention is further described in detail below in order to make the purpose, technical scheme and effect of the invention clearer and more clear. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The invention provides a comprehensive control method for ginger bacterial wilt, which sequentially comprises the following steps when ginger plants show symptoms:
blocking, namely, after a diseased plant shows symptoms of ginger bacterial wilt, annularly blocking the diseased plant and two adjacent healthy plants at the two ends by using soil without germs to form a 'groove-shaped' space;
irrigation: filling the groove-shaped space according to the proportion of 500ml of 40% formalin solution to 15L water until the whole groove-shaped space is filled with liquid medicine;
soaking: soaking all plants in the groove-shaped space;
and (3) stewing: covering a layer of mulching film on the groove-shaped space, sealing the groove-shaped space, and sealing for 15-30 days at 40-50 ℃;
changing: irrigation channels are respectively changed before and after the groove-shaped space, so that diseased plants are avoided;
irrigation: 5 ginger plants at the upstream and 10 ginger plants at the downstream of the "trough" space respectively were subjected to root irrigation with a root irrigation solution.
Furthermore, the root irrigation solution is: 0.03 part of 30 percent copper succinate + glutarate; 4 portions of 30 percent hymexazol; 160 ten thousand units of streptomycin for animals is 1.6 parts in 750 parts of water; wherein the copper succinate + glutarate is a mixture of copper succinate, copper glutarate and copper adipate complex; hymexazol is 3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole.
15 parts of the chemical solution was poured into each of the 5 ginger plants at the upstream and 10 ginger plants at the downstream of the "tank-type" space.
And the step of modifying the irrigation channel comprises: digging a first ditch on the position of 5 ginger plants at the upstream of a 'groove-shaped' space of a diseased ridge, and communicating the first ditch with one ridge; and digging a second ditch on the corresponding position of 10 ginger plants at the downstream of the 'groove-shaped' space of the ridge, so that the second ditch is communicated with the diseased ridge. The spreading of germs is avoided during irrigation.
Example 1
Test time: 2019
Test site: weifang Han pavilion area Zhu Zhen Zhi certain ginger field
Test area: 15 mu m
The test varieties are as follows: common ginger plant
And (3) test treatment: the method is adopted to treat 15 mu of ginger field with ginger bacterial wilt, and the disease condition of ginger bacterial wilt is observed after 15 days.
Blocking, namely, after a diseased plant shows symptoms of ginger bacterial wilt, annularly blocking the diseased plant and two adjacent healthy plants at the two ends by using soil without germs to form a 'groove-shaped' space; in the examples, the diseased plants are 10 adjacent plants, and the total number of plugged ginger plants is 14.
The purpose is as follows: the plants with diseases are controlled for the next step, so that the disease area is prevented from being enlarged.
Irrigation: pouring the groove-shaped space according to the proportion of 500ml of 40% formalin solution and 15L water until the whole groove-shaped space is filled with liquid medicine, and soaking by using the solution;
the purpose is as follows: the diseased plant and the adjacent healthy plant are fully contacted with the liquid medicine.
Soaking: soaking all plants in the groove-shaped space;
and (3) stewing: covering a layer of mulching film on the groove-shaped space, sealing the groove-shaped space, and sealing for 15 days at the temperature of 40-50 ℃;
the purpose is as follows: and (3) fully generating gas from the formalin solution by utilizing high temperature, and fully sterilizing the plants.
Changing: digging a first ditch on the position of 5 ginger plants at the upstream of a 'groove-shaped' space of a diseased ridge, and communicating the first ditch with one ridge; digging a second ditch on the ridge corresponding to 10 ginger plants at the downstream of the trough-shaped space, so that the second ditch is communicated with the disease-causing ridge and is prevented from disease-causing plants during irrigation;
the purpose is as follows: bypassing the plants with diseases, reducing the spread of germs due to the formation of water flow by watering and rain water.
Irrigation: the proportion of the root irrigation solution is as follows: 0.03 part of 30 percent copper succinate + glutarate; 4 portions of 30 percent hymexazol; 160 ten thousand units of streptomycin for animals 1.6 parts and water 750 parts; 100L of the above irrigation solution was obtained,
5 ginger plants at the upstream and 10 ginger plants at the downstream of the 'groove-shaped' space are respectively irrigated with root irrigation solution, and each ginger plant is irrigated by about 0.5 liter.
The test result shows that: in the experiment, no ginger bacterial wilt disease strain is newly added, the occurrence of ginger bacterial wilt is effectively controlled, and the occurrence of ginger bacterial wilt disease strain is not diffused again. The 14 blocked ginger plants all grow normally, no dead diseased plant exists, and no newly-added diseased plant exists.
Example 2
Test time: 2018 years old
Test site: weifang Han pavilion area Zhu Zhen Zhi certain ginger field
Test area: 20 mu m
The test varieties are as follows: common ginger plant
And (3) test treatment: the method is adopted to treat 20 mu of ginger field with ginger bacterial wilt, and the disease condition of ginger bacterial wilt is observed after 25 days.
Blocking, namely, after the diseased plant shows the symptoms of ginger bacterial wilt, blocking the diseased plant and two adjacent healthy plants at two ends in a ring shape by using soil without germs to form a 'groove-shaped' space; in the examples, the diseased plants were 15 adjacent plants, and the total number of plugged ginger plants was 19.
The purpose is as follows: the plants with diseases are controlled for the next step, so that the disease area is prevented from being enlarged.
Irrigation: pouring the groove-shaped space according to the proportion of 500ml of 40% formalin solution and 15L water until the whole groove-shaped space is filled with liquid medicine, and soaking by using the solution;
the purpose is as follows: the diseased plant and the adjacent healthy plant are fully contacted with the liquid medicine.
Soaking: soaking all plants in the groove-shaped space;
and (3) stewing: covering a layer of mulching film on the groove-shaped space, sealing the groove-shaped space, and sealing at 40-50 ℃ for 25 days;
the purpose is as follows: and (3) fully generating gas from the formalin solution by utilizing high temperature, and fully sterilizing the plants.
Changing: digging a first ditch on the position of 5 ginger plants at the upstream of a 'groove-shaped' space of a diseased ridge, and communicating the first ditch with one ridge; digging a second ditch on the ridge corresponding to 10 ginger plants at the downstream of the trough-shaped space, so that the second ditch is communicated with the disease-causing ridge and is prevented from disease-causing plants during irrigation;
the purpose is as follows: bypassing the plants with diseases, reducing the spread of germs due to the formation of water flow by watering and rain water.
Irrigation: the proportion of the root irrigation solution is as follows: 0.03 part of 30 percent copper succinate + glutarate; 4 portions of 30 percent hymexazol; 160 ten thousand units of streptomycin for animals 1.6 parts and water 750 parts; 100L of the above irrigation solution was obtained,
5 ginger plants at the upstream of the 'groove-shaped' space and 10 ginger plants at the downstream are subjected to root irrigation treatment by using root irrigation solution, and each ginger plant is irrigated by about 0.5L.
The test result shows that: in the experiment, no ginger bacterial wilt disease strain is newly added, the occurrence of ginger bacterial wilt is effectively controlled, and the occurrence of ginger bacterial wilt disease strain is not diffused again. The 19 plugged ginger plants all grow normally, no dead diseased plant exists, and no newly-added diseased plant exists.
Example 3
Test time: 2018 years old
Test site: weifang Han pavilion area Zhu Zhen Zhi certain ginger field
Test area: 30 mu m
The test varieties are as follows: common ginger plant
And (3) test treatment: the method is adopted to treat 30 mu of ginger field with ginger bacterial wilt, and the disease condition of ginger bacterial wilt is observed after 30 days.
Blocking, namely, after a diseased plant shows symptoms of ginger bacterial wilt, annularly blocking the diseased plant and two adjacent healthy plants at the two ends by using soil without germs to form a 'groove-shaped' space; in the examples, the diseased plants were 12 and 7, 3 healthy ginger plants were present between 12 and 7, and plugged together, and the total number of plugged ginger plants was 27.
The purpose is as follows: the plants with diseases are controlled for the next step, so that the disease area is prevented from being enlarged.
Irrigation: pouring the 'groove-shaped' space according to the proportion of 500ml of 40% formalin solution and 15L water until the soil in the whole 'groove-shaped' space is soaked, and soaking the ginger plants by using the solution;
the purpose is as follows: the diseased plant and the adjacent healthy plant are fully contacted with the liquid medicine.
Soaking: soaking all plants in the groove-shaped space;
and (3) stewing: covering a layer of mulching film on the groove-shaped space, sealing the groove-shaped space, and sealing for 30 days at the temperature of 40-50 ℃;
the purpose is as follows: and (3) fully generating gas from the formalin solution by utilizing high temperature, and fully sterilizing the plants.
Changing: digging a first ditch on the position of 5 ginger plants at the upstream of a 'groove-shaped' space of a diseased ridge, and communicating the first ditch with one ridge; digging a second ditch on the ridge corresponding to 10 ginger plants at the downstream of the trough-shaped space, so that the second ditch is communicated with the disease-causing ridge and is prevented from disease-causing plants during irrigation;
the purpose is as follows: bypassing the plants with diseases, reducing the spread of germs due to the formation of water flow by watering and rain water.
Irrigation: the proportion of the root irrigation solution is as follows: 0.03 part of 30 percent copper succinate + glutarate; 4 portions of 30 percent hymexazol; 160 ten thousand units of streptomycin for animals 1.6 parts and water 750 parts; 100L of the above irrigation solution was obtained,
5 ginger plants at the upstream of the 'groove-shaped' space and 10 ginger plants at the downstream are subjected to root irrigation treatment by using root irrigation solution, and each ginger plant is irrigated by about 0.5L.
The test result shows that: in the experiment, no ginger bacterial wilt disease strain is newly added, the occurrence of ginger bacterial wilt is effectively controlled, and the occurrence of ginger bacterial wilt disease strain is not diffused again. The plugged 27 ginger plants all grow normally, no dead diseased plant exists, and no newly-added diseased plant exists.
Comparative example
Test time: 2019
Test site: weifang Han pavilion area Zhu Zhen Zhi certain ginger field
Test area: 23 mu m
The test varieties are as follows: common ginger plant
And (3) test treatment: the ginger field with ginger bacterial wilt of 23 mu is treated, and the disease condition of ginger bacterial wilt of ginger is observed after 30 days. The diseased plant is adjacent 16 ginger plants.
Performing root irrigation treatment on the diseased plants by adopting a traditional method, performing root irrigation by adopting 3000(46 percent copper hydroxide water dispersible granules), certainly, performing root irrigation by adopting other root irrigation medicines, blending according to the proportion of 10 grams of 3000 killed plants and 15L of water, and irrigating 1L of liquid medicine for each diseased plant; the disease-causing plants are 5 plants at the upstream and 10 plants at the downstream, and each plant is filled with 0.5L of liquid medicine for prevention and treatment. 10 diseased gingers can continue to grow, and 6 diseased gingers are withered and rotten. 5 diseased gingers are added from the downstream, and 1 diseased ginger is added from the upstream. Can not block the continuous diffusion of the ginger bacterial wilt.
The comparison of examples 1, 2 and 3 with the control group is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
It should be understood, however, that the description herein of specific embodiments is not intended to limit the invention to the particular forms disclosed, but on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (3)
1. A comprehensive control method for ginger bacterial wilt is characterized by sequentially comprising the following steps when ginger plants show symptoms:
blocking, namely, after a diseased plant shows symptoms of ginger bacterial wilt, annularly blocking the diseased plant and two adjacent healthy plants at the two ends by using soil without germs to form a 'groove-shaped' space;
irrigation: pouring the groove-shaped space according to the proportion of 500ml of 40% formalin solution to 15L water until the soil in the whole groove-shaped space is soaked;
soaking: soaking all plants in the groove-shaped space;
and (3) stewing: covering a layer of mulching film on the groove-shaped space, sealing the groove-shaped space, and sealing for 15-30 days at 40-50 ℃;
changing: irrigation channels are respectively changed before and after the groove-shaped space, so that diseased plants are avoided;
irrigation: 5 ginger plants at the upstream and 10 ginger plants at the downstream of the "trough" space respectively were subjected to root irrigation with a root irrigation solution.
2. The method for the integrated control of ginger blast as recited in claim 1, wherein said root irrigation solution is: 0.03 part of 30 percent copper succinate + glutarate; 4 portions of 30 percent hymexazol; 160 ten thousand units of streptomycin for animals 1.6 parts and water 750 parts;
15 parts of the chemical solution was poured into each of the 5 ginger plants at the upstream and 10 ginger plants at the downstream of the "tank-type" space.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of modifying irrigation channels comprises: digging a first ditch on the position of 5 ginger plants at the upstream of a 'groove-shaped' space of a diseased ridge, and communicating the first ditch with one ridge; and digging a second ditch on the corresponding position of 10 ginger plants at the downstream of the 'groove-shaped' space of the ridge, so that the second ditch is communicated with the diseased ridge.
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