CN110771409A - Cultivation method for preventing soil-borne diseases based on biological fumigation - Google Patents
Cultivation method for preventing soil-borne diseases based on biological fumigation Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/15—Leaf crops, e.g. lettuce or spinach
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M13/00—Fumigators; Apparatus for distributing gases
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M17/00—Apparatus for the destruction of vermin in soil or in foodstuffs
- A01M17/002—Injection of toxic gases or fluids into the soil
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation method for preventing soil-borne diseases based on biological fumigation, which is characterized in that a cultivation mode of intercropping biological fumigation plants and main cultivated crops, which is adaptive to a sunlight greenhouse cultivation environment, is innovated, and sufficient biological fumigation materials with high glucosinolate content are obtained to carry out soil biological fumigation treatment, so that the purpose of improving the effect of preventing the soil-borne diseases is achieved. The invention does not use chemical pesticide at all, can effectively prevent and treat soil-borne diseases, greatly reduces the morbidity of main crops, improves the yield of the main crops, has low energy consumption and accords with the low-carbon concept.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a cultivation method for preventing soil-borne diseases based on biological fumigation, and belongs to the technical field of vegetable seedling culture.
Background
A good soil ecosystem is the premise of high-yield, high-quality and high-efficiency cultivation of vegetables. In recent years, with the prolonging of the planting years of many greenhouse vegetable soils in China and the addition of a large amount of chemical products (such as chemical fertilizers, pesticides, growth regulators and the like), the ecological system of the greenhouse soil is obviously changed, the granular structure is damaged, the nutrients are unbalanced, pathogenic microorganisms are accumulated, the soil function is damaged, the production capacity is degraded, and the yield, the quality and the benefit of vegetable cultivation are seriously influenced. Therefore, it is urgent to find a method for remediating facility soil which is efficient and has little influence on the environment.
Currently, biological fumigation is beginning to be applied to soil remediation and improvement, but is not widely applied. The biological fumigation is to kill soil pests and germs by using toxic gas released by organic matters from cruciferae or Compositae. The source problem of the biological fumigation material is mainly solved through intercropping, and the advantages are as follows: the biological fumigation material can not only be obtained to exclusively use the land, but also solve the problem of insufficient land in the existing agricultural production. However, the biological fumigation technology in the existing intercropping mode generally has the technical defects of unstable effect and poor quality, which is also an important reason that large-area popularization is not available in the current production. The applicant has found, through a large number of experimental studies, that the main causes of the above technical defects are the following 2 aspects:
The content of glucosinolate in the biological fumigation plant is insufficient. The content of glucosinolate in the biological fumigation plant directly influences the soil biological fumigation effect.Due to the influence of intercropping under the sunlight greenhouse condition on the light temperature, the content of glucosinolates in the biological fumigation plants can not meet the rated requirement under the relatively poor environment.
The existing technology for preventing soil-borne diseases by biological fumigation in an intercropping mode urgently needs to solve the technical problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a cultivation method for preventing soil-borne diseases based on biological fumigation, which is beneficial to obtaining enough biological fumigation material with high glucosinolate content and improving the prevention effect of the soil-borne diseases.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a cultivation method for preventing soil-borne diseases based on biological fumigation comprises the following steps:
1) making ridges: making large and wide cultivation beds in a sunlight greenhouse, wherein the height is 20-25cm, the width is 80-100cm, and the distance between two adjacent beds is 130-150 cm;
2) planting main planted crops: planting 1 row of main planting crops in the middle of the cultivation bed, wherein the planting distance is 15-25 cm;
the big, wide and high ridge, the main planting crops are densely planted in a single row, and the sowing area of the fumigation plants is increased.
3) Set up the gallows steel wire: a 1 st hanger steel wire and a 2 nd hanger steel wire are arranged 1.8m above the cultivation bed from the ground, the plane where the first hanger steel wire and the second hanger steel wire are located is parallel to the ground, the hanger steel wires can move within the maximum distance, and the vertical distance between the 1 st hanger steel wire and the fixed planting row is equal to the vertical distance between the 2 nd hanger steel wire and the fixed planting row;
4) a hanging bracket: hanging tendrils 30 days after the main planting crop is planted in a fixed mode, hanging the tendrils obliquely towards two sides in the state of the maximum distance between a 1 st hanger steel wire and a 2 nd hanger steel wire, wherein one end of a plastic lifting rope is tied to the base of a plant of the main planting crop, the other end of the plastic lifting rope is tied to the hanger steel wire, and 2 adjacent plants are respectively tied to different hanger steel wires above a fixed planting row;
5) sowing and fumigating plants: after the fruits of the main cultivated plants are picked for 50-60 days, the steel wire of the No. 1 hanger and the steel wire of the No. 2 hanger are respectively moved to the middle in parallel for 15-20cm, the moving distance of the steel wires is the same,then, fumigating plants are sown on the cultivation ridge surfaces on the two sides of the main cultivated crops. The fertilizer and water management is enhanced after the fumigation plant seedlings emerge, nitrogen fertilizer is applied in the early stage of growth to promote quick growth, and 667m of fertilizer is required to be applied 40 days after emergence
2The biomass reaches more than 400 kg; applying sulfur-containing fertilizer in middle and later growth stages to increase the content of glucosinolate in fumigated plant. The application of nitrogen fertilizer and sulfur fertilizer is the same as that of available technology, and the fertilizer is applied separately, the nitrogen fertilizer is mainly urea, the sulfur fertilizer is mainly potassium sulfate and 667m in thickness
25-7.5kg of total dosage of urea and 7.5-10kg of total dosage of potassium sulfate.
The shading of the main planting crops to the fumigated plants can be reduced by moving the vine hanging steel wires, and the illumination of the fumigated plants is increased.
6) Temperature raising and water controlling: temperature raising and water controlling: after picking the last batch of fruits of the main planted crops, pulling seedlings of the main planted crops and moving the main planted crops out of the greenhouse, meanwhile, properly increasing the temperature in the sunlight greenhouse, controlling the temperature at 28-32 ℃ in the daytime and being 2-5 ℃ higher than the proper temperature of the main planted crops during the symbiosis period of the main planted crops and the fumigated plants; and stopping watering the fumigation plant, and controlling water for 10-12 days so as to rapidly increase the content of the glucosinolate in the fumigation plant, wherein the content of the glucosinolate in the plant is required to be more than or equal to 50 mu mol/g after 10-12 days of water control.
7) Soil biological fumigation treatment: after the water control is finished, the fumigation plants are smashed and turned into the soil by a rotary cultivator; after irrigation, mulching film is covered for heat preservation and moisture preservation, and the soil is fermented for 15-20 days at high temperature;
8) after fermentation, the sunlight greenhouse is greatly ventilated, soil is rotated in a rotary manner, and the next crop is planted.
An optimized scheme is that the main planting crops are cucumbers or tomatoes.
Further, the maximum distance is the maximum vertical distance between the 1 st hanger steel wire and the 2 nd hanger steel wire, and the distance is the same as the width of the cultivation bed.
Further, the fumigated plant is leaf mustard. The leaf mustard is in the early stage of growth before 10 true leaves (including 10 true leaves), and in the middle and late stages of growth after 10 true leaves.
Selecting leaf mustard (Brassica juncea (Linnaeus) Czernajew var. foliosaL. H. Bailey) as fumigated plant. The leaf mustard is Brassica plant of Brassicaceae, contains a large amount of glucosinolate substances in its tissue, and can be hydrolyzed by myrosinase produced by own plant tissue during the decay process to form isothiocyanate substances with strong volatility and biocidal property. The principle of action of isothiocyanate substances is mainly to destroy cell membranes and genomes and inhibit respiration, thereby inhibiting or killing soil-borne pathogenic microorganisms.
Furthermore, the method is used for cucumber cultivation, the plant spacing is 15-20cm, and the branches of the single vines are trimmed.
Further, the method is used for tomato cultivation, the plant spacing is 20-25cm, and single-rod pruning is carried out.
Further, the fumigating plants are sown on the cultivation bed surfaces on the two sides of the main cultivated crops, and the grain distance is 5-8 cm.
Furthermore, the cultivation ridge is 22.5cm in height and 90cm in width, and the distance between two adjacent ridges is 140 cm.
Further, the method is used for cucumber cultivation, the plant spacing is 17.5cm, and single vines are pruned.
Further, the method is used for tomato cultivation, the plant spacing is 22.5cm, and single-rod pruning is carried out.
Tests show that the yield of cucumbers and tomatoes is highest, the biomass of leaf mustard is highest, and the content of glucosinolate in the leaf mustard is also highest under the conditions that the height of a cultivation ridge is 22.5cm, the width of the cultivation ridge is 90cm, the distance between two adjacent ridges is 140cm, the distance between cucumber cultivation plants is 17.5cm, and the distance between tomato cultivation plants is 22.5 cm.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme has the following advantages that:
(1) the invention creats a biological control method for soil-borne diseases of greenhouse vegetables by taking brassica crops as raw materials, completely takes natural plants as raw materials, completely does not use chemical pesticides, has low energy consumption, and accords with the low-carbon concept.
(2) The invention provides a cultivation mode of intercropping the biological fumigation plants and the main cultivated crops, which is suitable for the sunlight greenhouse cultivation environment, and lays a technical foundation for soil remediation in the biological fumigation mode.
(3) The invention creates a good environment for the interaction symbiosis of the main crops and the biological fumigation plants, can obtain enough biological fumigation materials rich in glucosinolates, does not influence the normal growth and development of the main crops, and does not reduce the yield and quality of the main crops.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following embodiments; the following examples are intended to illustrate the invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1 tomato cultivation was carried out in a certain sunlight greenhouse in shou light city, the cultivation area of the sunlight greenhouse was 2.0 acres, divided into 4 parts, each part was 0.5 acre, and designated as test field 1, test field 2, test field 3 and test field 4 in this order, and 2 crops were continuously planted. Planting the first crop in 2016, 1 month and 2 days, and performing early spring crop production. Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the test field 1 is cultivated according to the method of the treatment 1;
the test field 2 is cultivated according to the method of the treatment 2;
the experimental field 3 is cultivated according to the method of the treatment 3;
the test field 4 was cultivated by the method of treatment 4.
Planting the second crop in 2016 for 10 months and 5 days to produce overwintering tomato. Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the test field 1 is cultivated according to the method of treatment 5;
the test field 2 is cultivated according to the method of treatment 6;
the test field 3 is cultivated according to the method of treatment 7;
the test field 4 was cultivated by the method of treatment 8.
The first crop: the tomato variety is orfice.
Treatment 1: the tomatoes are cultivated according to the method of the invention.
1) Making ridges: making large and wide cultivation beds in a sunlight greenhouse, wherein the height of each cultivation bed is 22.5cm, the width of each cultivation bed is 90cm, and the distance between every two adjacent beds is 140 cm;
2) planting tomatoes: planting 1 row of tomatoes in the middle of the cultivation bed, wherein the planting distance is 22.5 cm;
3) set up the gallows steel wire: a 1 st hanger steel wire and a 2 nd hanger steel wire are arranged 1.8m above the cultivation bed from the ground, the 1 st hanger steel wire and the 2 nd hanger steel wire can move, the plane where the 1 st hanger steel wire and the 2 nd hanger steel wire are located is parallel to the ground, the maximum distance between the 1 st hanger steel wire and the 2 nd hanger steel wire is the same as the width of the cultivation bed, and the vertical distance between the 1 st hanger steel wire and the fixed planting row is equal to the vertical distance between the 2 nd hanger steel wire and the fixed planting row;
4) a hanging bracket: after 30 days of field planting, hanging vines, obliquely hanging the vines to two sides in the state of the maximum distance between a 1 st hanger steel wire and a 2 nd hanger steel wire, wherein one end of a plastic hanging rope is tied at the base of a tomato plant, the other end of the plastic hanging rope is tied on the hanger steel wire, and 2 adjacent plants are respectively tied on different hanger steel wires above the field planting row;
5) sowing the leaf mustard: after the tomato fruits are picked for 50-60 days, respectively moving the 1 st hanger steel wire and the 2 nd hanger steel wire to the middle for 15-20cm, wherein the moving distances of the two hanger steel wires are the same, then broadcasting leaf mustard on the cultivation bed surfaces at two sides of the tomato plants, wherein the sowing distance is 5-8cm, and enhancing fertilizer and water management after seedling emergence;
6) temperature raising and water controlling: picking the last batch of tomato, pulling the tomato seedling and moving out of the greenhouse, simultaneously properly increasing the temperature in the sunlight greenhouse (the temperature is controlled at 28-32 ℃ in the daytime and is 2-5 ℃ higher than the proper temperature of the tomato during the symbiosis of the tomato and the leaf mustard), stopping watering the leaf mustard, and controlling the water for 10-12 days;
7) soil biological fumigation treatment: after the water control is finished, smashing the leaf mustard by using a rotary cultivator and turning the leaf mustard into soil; after irrigation, mulching film is covered for heat preservation and moisture preservation, and the soil is fermented for 15-20 days at high temperature;
8) after fermentation, the sunlight greenhouse is greatly ventilated, soil is rotated in a rotary manner, and next-stubble tomatoes are planted in a fixed manner.
And (3) treatment 2: tomatoes were cultivated as follows.
1) Making ridges: making large and wide cultivation beds in a sunlight greenhouse, wherein the height of each cultivation bed is 22.5cm, the width of each cultivation bed is 90cm, and the distance between every two adjacent beds is 140 cm;
2) planting tomatoes: planting 1 row of tomatoes in the middle of the cultivation bed, wherein the planting distance is 22.5 cm;
3) set up the gallows steel wire: a 1 st hanger steel wire and a 2 nd hanger steel wire are arranged 1.8m above the cultivation bed from the ground, the plane where the 1 st hanger steel wire and the 2 nd hanger steel wire are located is parallel to the ground, the distance between the 1 st hanger steel wire and the 2 nd hanger steel wire is the same as the width of the cultivation bed, and the vertical distance between the 1 st hanger steel wire and the fixed planting row is equal to the vertical distance between the 2 nd hanger steel wire and the fixed planting row;
4) a hanging bracket: hanging vines 30 days after the field planting of the tomatoes, obliquely hanging the vines to two sides, tying one end of a plastic hanging rope to the base of a tomato plant, tying the other end of the plastic hanging rope to a hanger steel wire, and respectively tying 2 adjacent plants to different hanger steel wires above the field planting row;
5) sowing the leaf mustard: picking up tomato fruits for 50-60 days, sowing leaf mustard on the cultivation bed surfaces at two sides of the tomato plants, sowing seeds at a distance of 5-8cm, and enhancing fertilizer and water management after emergence of seedlings;
6) temperature raising and water controlling: picking the last batch of tomato, pulling the tomato seedling and moving out of the greenhouse, simultaneously properly increasing the temperature in the sunlight greenhouse (the temperature is controlled at 28-32 ℃ in the daytime and is 2-5 ℃ higher than the proper temperature of the tomato during the symbiosis of the tomato and the leaf mustard), stopping watering the leaf mustard, and controlling the water for 10-12 days;
7) soil biological fumigation treatment: after the water control is finished, smashing the leaf mustard by using a rotary cultivator and turning the leaf mustard into soil; after irrigation, mulching film is covered for heat preservation and moisture preservation, and the soil is fermented for 15-20 days at high temperature;
8) after fermentation, the sunlight greenhouse is greatly ventilated, soil is rotated in a rotary manner, and next-stubble tomatoes are planted in a fixed manner.
And (3) treatment: tomatoes were cultivated as follows.
1) Making ridges: making large and wide cultivation beds in a sunlight greenhouse, wherein the height of each cultivation bed is 22.5cm, the width of each cultivation bed is 90cm, and the distance between every two adjacent beds is 140 cm;
2) planting tomatoes: planting 1 row of tomatoes in the middle of the cultivation bed, wherein the planting distance is 22.5 cm;
3) set up the gallows steel wire: a 1 st hanger steel wire and a 2 nd hanger steel wire are arranged 1.8m above the cultivation bed from the ground, the 1 st hanger steel wire and the 2 nd hanger steel wire can move, the plane where the 1 st hanger steel wire and the 2 nd hanger steel wire are located is parallel to the ground, the maximum distance between the 1 st hanger steel wire and the 2 nd hanger steel wire is the same as the width of the cultivation bed, and the vertical distance between the 1 st hanger steel wire and the fixed planting row is equal to the vertical distance between the 2 nd hanger steel wire and the fixed planting row;
4) a hanging bracket: after 30 days of field planting, hanging vines, obliquely hanging the vines to two sides in the state of the maximum distance between a 1 st hanger steel wire and a 2 nd hanger steel wire, wherein one end of a plastic hanging rope is tied at the base of a tomato plant, the other end of the plastic hanging rope is tied on the hanger steel wire, and 2 adjacent plants are respectively tied on different hanger steel wires above the field planting row;
5) sowing the leaf mustard: after the tomato fruits are picked for 50-60 days, respectively moving the 1 st hanger steel wire and the 2 nd hanger steel wire to the middle for 15-20cm, wherein the moving distances of the two hanger steel wires are the same, then broadcasting leaf mustard on the cultivation bed surfaces at two sides of the tomato plants, wherein the sowing distance is 5-8cm, and enhancing fertilizer and water management after seedling emergence;
6) after picking the last batch of fruits of tomatoes, pulling the seedlings of the tomatoes and moving the tomatoes out of a greenhouse, meanwhile, normally managing the temperature and the fertilizer and water of the leaf mustard, not raising the temperature (still managing the temperature according to the temperature management measure during the symbiosis of the tomatoes and the leaf mustard) and not controlling the water (watering for 1-2 times);
7) soil biological fumigation treatment: after the water control is finished, smashing the leaf mustard by using a rotary cultivator and turning the leaf mustard into soil; after irrigation, mulching film is covered for heat preservation and moisture preservation, and the soil is fermented for 15-20 days at high temperature;
8) after fermentation, the sunlight greenhouse is greatly ventilated, soil is rotated in a rotary manner, and next-stubble tomatoes are planted in a fixed manner.
And (4) treatment: conventional planting method (control)
Planting according to the habitual planting method of local vegetable farmers.
The yield of the leaf mustard is measured by randomly sampling every treatment after 40 days of seedling development of the leaf mustard. Measured, 1 big leaf mustard 667m is processed
2The biomass reaches 450kg, 2 big leaf mustard 667m is processed
2The biomass reaches 310kg, and 3 big leaf mustard 667m is processed
2The biomass reached 440 kg.
1 day before biological fumigation of soil is carried out, random sampling is carried out for each treatment to detect the content of glucosinolate in the leaf mustard plants. Through detection, the content of the thioglucoside in 1 plant is treated to be 67.5 mu mol/g, the content of the thioglucoside in 2 plants is treated to be 45.2 mu mol/g, and the content of the thioglucoside in 3 plants is treated to be 37.8 mu mol/g.
And (3) randomly taking 20 plants with roots and digging out each treatment before seedling pulling, cleaning the plants with clear water, grading the root knots of the roots respectively, and calculating the root knot index.
As a result: treatment 1, treatment 2, treatment 3 and treatment 4 had nodule indices of 24.8, 23.5, 25.1 and 22.7, respectively. Root knot nematode damage occurred in treatments 1, 2, 3, and 4. Analysis of variance, no significant difference was noted between treatment 1, treatment 2, treatment 3, and treatment 4.
The results prove that under the same cultivation area and different cultivation modes, the yield of the biological fumigation material and the content of the glucosinolate in the body are obviously different. The invention creates a good environment for the interaction symbiosis of the tomatoes and the leaf mustard, can obtain enough biological fumigation material rich in glucosinolates, does not influence the normal growth and development of the tomatoes, and does not reduce the yield and the quality of the tomatoes.
And (4) second crop: the tomato variety is Eurojia.
And (4) treatment 5: and planting tomatoes in the test field 1 after the first harvest according to a conventional planting method.
And (6) treatment: and planting tomatoes on the test field 2 after the first harvest according to a conventional planting method.
And (7) treatment: and planting tomatoes in the test field 3 after the first harvest according to a conventional planting method.
And (4) treatment 8: and planting tomatoes on the test field 4 after the first harvest according to a conventional planting method.
Test methods and data:
and (3) randomly taking 25 plants with roots and digging out each treatment before seedling pulling, cleaning the plants with clear water, grading the root knots of the roots respectively, and calculating the root knot index.
As a result: treatment 5, treatment 6, treatment 7 and treatment 8 knot indices were 0, 4.61, 3.88 and 78.83, respectively. Analysis of variance showed significant differences between treatment 5 and treatment 6 and treatment 7, very significant differences between treatment 5 and treatment 8, and insignificant differences between treatment 6 and treatment 7.
After the tomatoes are harvested, the yield of each test field is calculated, the tomato yield of treatment 5, treatment 6, treatment 7 and treatment 8 is 12216.5 kg/mu, 11635.7 kg/mu, 11714.2 kg/mu and 8520.4 kg/mu respectively, and the tomato yield of treatment 5 is improved by 5.0%, 4.3% and 43.4% respectively compared with that of treatment 6, treatment 7 and treatment 8.
Example 2 tomato cultivation was carried out in a certain sunlight greenhouse in shou light city, the cultivation area of the sunlight greenhouse was 3.0 acres, divided into 4 parts, each part was 0.75 acres, and the cultivation was carried out for 2 consecutive crops, which were designated as test field 1, test field 2, test field 3 and test field 4 in this order. Planting the first crop in 2016 in 1 month and 5 days, and performing early spring crop production. Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the test field 1 is cultivated according to the method of the treatment 1;
the test field 2 is cultivated according to the method of the treatment 2;
the experimental field 3 is cultivated according to the method of the treatment 3;
the test field 4 was cultivated by the method of treatment 4.
Planting the second crop in 2016 for 10 months and 8 days to produce overwintering tomato. Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the test field 1 is cultivated according to the method of treatment 5;
the test field 2 is cultivated according to the method of treatment 6;
the test field 3 is cultivated according to the method of treatment 7;
the test field 4 was cultivated by the method of treatment 8.
The first crop: the tomato variety is orfice.
Treatment 1: the tomatoes are cultivated according to the method of the invention.
1) Making ridges: making large and wide cultivation beds in a sunlight greenhouse, wherein the height of each cultivation bed is 22.5cm, the width of each cultivation bed is 90cm, and the distance between every two adjacent beds is 140 cm;
2) planting tomatoes: planting 1 row of tomatoes in the middle of the cultivation bed, wherein the planting distance is 22.5 cm;
3) set up the gallows steel wire: a 1 st hanger steel wire and a 2 nd hanger steel wire are arranged 1.8m above the cultivation bed from the ground, the 1 st hanger steel wire and the 2 nd hanger steel wire can move, the plane where the 1 st hanger steel wire and the 2 nd hanger steel wire are located is parallel to the ground, the maximum distance between the 1 st hanger steel wire and the 2 nd hanger steel wire is the same as the width of the cultivation bed, and the vertical distance between the 1 st hanger steel wire and the fixed planting row is equal to the vertical distance between the 2 nd hanger steel wire and the fixed planting row;
4) a hanging bracket: after 30 days of field planting, hanging vines, obliquely hanging the vines to two sides in the state of the maximum distance between a 1 st hanger steel wire and a 2 nd hanger steel wire, wherein one end of a plastic hanging rope is tied at the base of a tomato plant, the other end of the plastic hanging rope is tied on the hanger steel wire, and 2 adjacent plants are respectively tied on different hanger steel wires above the field planting row;
5) sowing the leaf mustard: after the tomato fruits are picked for 50-60 days, respectively moving the 1 st hanger steel wire and the 2 nd hanger steel wire to the middle for 15-20cm, wherein the moving distances of the two hanger steel wires are the same, then broadcasting leaf mustard on the cultivation bed surfaces at two sides of the tomato plants, wherein the sowing distance is 5-8cm, and enhancing fertilizer and water management after seedling emergence;
6) temperature raising and water controlling: picking the last batch of tomato, pulling the tomato seedling and moving out of the greenhouse, simultaneously properly increasing the temperature in the sunlight greenhouse (the temperature is controlled at 28-32 ℃ in the daytime and is 2-5 ℃ higher than the proper temperature of the tomato during the symbiosis of the tomato and the leaf mustard), stopping watering the leaf mustard, and controlling the water for 10-12 days;
7) soil biological fumigation treatment: after the water control is finished, smashing the leaf mustard by using a rotary cultivator and turning the leaf mustard into soil; after irrigation, mulching film is covered for heat preservation and moisture preservation, and the soil is fermented for 15-20 days at high temperature;
8) after fermentation, the sunlight greenhouse is greatly ventilated, soil is rotated in a rotary manner, and next-stubble tomatoes are planted in a fixed manner.
And (3) treatment 2: tomatoes were cultivated as follows.
1) Making ridges: making large and wide cultivation beds in a sunlight greenhouse, wherein the height of each cultivation bed is 22.5cm, the width of each cultivation bed is 90cm, and the distance between every two adjacent beds is 140 cm;
2) planting tomatoes: planting 1 row of tomatoes in the middle of the cultivation bed, wherein the planting distance is 22.5 cm;
3) set up the gallows steel wire: a 1 st hanger steel wire and a 2 nd hanger steel wire are arranged 1.8m above the cultivation bed from the ground, the plane where the 1 st hanger steel wire and the 2 nd hanger steel wire are located is parallel to the ground, the distance between the 1 st hanger steel wire and the 2 nd hanger steel wire is the same as the width of the cultivation bed, and the vertical distance between the 1 st hanger steel wire and the fixed planting row is equal to the vertical distance between the 2 nd hanger steel wire and the fixed planting row;
4) a hanging bracket: hanging vines 30 days after the field planting of the tomatoes, obliquely hanging the vines to two sides, tying one end of a plastic hanging rope to the base of a tomato plant, tying the other end of the plastic hanging rope to a hanger steel wire, and respectively tying 2 adjacent plants to different hanger steel wires above the field planting row;
5) sowing the leaf mustard: picking up tomato fruits for 50-60 days, sowing leaf mustard on the cultivation bed surfaces at two sides of the tomato plants, sowing seeds at a distance of 5-8cm, and enhancing fertilizer and water management after emergence of seedlings;
6) temperature raising and water controlling: picking the last batch of tomato, pulling the tomato seedling and moving out of the greenhouse, simultaneously properly increasing the temperature in the sunlight greenhouse (the temperature is controlled at 28-32 ℃ in the daytime and is 2-5 ℃ higher than the proper temperature of the tomato during the symbiosis of the tomato and the leaf mustard), stopping watering the leaf mustard, and controlling the water for 10-12 days;
7) soil biological fumigation treatment: after the water control is finished, smashing the leaf mustard by using a rotary cultivator and turning the leaf mustard into soil; after irrigation, mulching film is covered for heat preservation and moisture preservation, and the soil is fermented for 15-20 days at high temperature;
8) after fermentation, the sunlight greenhouse is greatly ventilated, soil is rotated in a rotary manner, and next-stubble tomatoes are planted in a fixed manner.
And (3) treatment: tomatoes were cultivated as follows.
1) Making ridges: making large and wide cultivation beds in a sunlight greenhouse, wherein the height of each cultivation bed is 22.5cm, the width of each cultivation bed is 90cm, and the distance between every two adjacent beds is 140 cm;
2) planting tomatoes: planting 1 row of tomatoes in the middle of the cultivation bed, wherein the planting distance is 22.5 cm;
3) set up the gallows steel wire: a 1 st hanger steel wire and a 2 nd hanger steel wire are arranged 1.8m above the cultivation bed from the ground, the 1 st hanger steel wire and the 2 nd hanger steel wire can move, the plane where the 1 st hanger steel wire and the 2 nd hanger steel wire are located is parallel to the ground, the maximum distance between the 1 st hanger steel wire and the 2 nd hanger steel wire is the same as the width of the cultivation bed, and the vertical distance between the 1 st hanger steel wire and the fixed planting row is equal to the vertical distance between the 2 nd hanger steel wire and the fixed planting row;
4) a hanging bracket: after 30 days of field planting, hanging vines, obliquely hanging the vines to two sides in the state of the maximum distance between a 1 st hanger steel wire and a 2 nd hanger steel wire, wherein one end of a plastic hanging rope is tied at the base of a tomato plant, the other end of the plastic hanging rope is tied on the hanger steel wire, and 2 adjacent plants are respectively tied on different hanger steel wires above the field planting row;
5) sowing the leaf mustard: after the tomato fruits are picked for 50-60 days, respectively moving the 1 st hanger steel wire and the 2 nd hanger steel wire to the middle for 15-20cm, wherein the moving distances of the two hanger steel wires are the same, then broadcasting leaf mustard on the cultivation bed surfaces at two sides of the tomato plants, wherein the sowing distance is 5-8cm, and enhancing fertilizer and water management after seedling emergence;
6) after picking the last batch of fruits of tomatoes, pulling the seedlings of the tomatoes and moving the tomatoes out of a greenhouse, meanwhile, normally managing the temperature and the fertilizer and water of the leaf mustard, not raising the temperature (still managing the temperature according to the temperature management measure during the symbiosis of the tomatoes and the leaf mustard) and not controlling the water (watering for 1-2 times);
7) soil biological fumigation treatment: after the water control is finished, smashing the leaf mustard by using a rotary cultivator and turning the leaf mustard into soil; after irrigation, mulching film is covered for heat preservation and moisture preservation, and the soil is fermented for 15-20 days at high temperature;
8) after fermentation, the sunlight greenhouse is greatly ventilated, soil is rotated in a rotary manner, and next-stubble tomatoes are planted in a fixed manner.
And (4) treatment: conventional planting method (control)
Planting according to the habitual planting method of local vegetable farmers.
The yield of the leaf mustard is measured by randomly sampling every treatment after 40 days of seedling development of the leaf mustard. Measured, 1 big leaf mustard 667m is processed
2The biomass reaches 472kg, 2 big leaf mustard 667m is processed
2The biomass reaches 325kg, and 3 big leaf mustard 667m is processed
2The biomass reached 450 kg.
1 day before biological fumigation of soil is carried out, random sampling is carried out for each treatment to detect the content of glucosinolate in the leaf mustard plants. Through detection, 68.1 mu mol/g of thioglucoside content in 1 plant is treated, 48.2 mu mol/g of thioglucoside content in 2 plants is treated, and 36.5 mu mol/g of thioglucoside content in 3 plants is treated.
And observing the field morbidity of phytophthora root rot before seedling pulling of the tomatoes, and counting the morbidity.
As a result: the phytophthora root rot disease incidence rates for treatments 1, 2, 3 and 4 were 21.8, 22.9, 20.5 and 21.2, respectively. The phytophthora root rot hazard occurs in the treatment 1, the treatment 2, the treatment 3 and the treatment 4. Analysis of variance, no significant difference was noted between treatment 1, treatment 2, treatment 3, and treatment 4.
The results prove that under the same cultivation area and different cultivation modes, the yield of the biological fumigation material and the content of the glucosinolate in the body are obviously different. The invention creates a good environment for the interaction symbiosis of the tomatoes and the leaf mustard, can obtain enough biological fumigation material rich in glucosinolates, does not influence the normal growth and development of the tomatoes, and does not reduce the yield and the quality of the tomatoes.
And (4) second crop: the tomato variety is orfice.
And (4) treatment 5: and planting tomatoes in the test field 1 after the first harvest according to a conventional planting method.
And (6) treatment: and planting tomatoes on the test field 2 after the first harvest according to a conventional planting method.
And (7) treatment: and planting tomatoes in the test field 3 after the first harvest according to a conventional planting method.
And (4) treatment 8: and planting tomatoes on the test field 4 after the first harvest according to a conventional planting method.
Test methods and data:
observing the field morbidity of phytophthora root rot before seedling pulling, and counting the morbidity.
As a result: the incidence rates of phytophthora root rot in treatments 5, 6, 7 and 8 were 0, 3.6%, 5.9% and 44.5%, respectively. Analysis of variance showed significant differences between treatment 5 and treatment 6 and treatment 7, very significant differences between treatment 5 and treatment 8, and insignificant differences between treatment 6 and treatment 7.
After the tomatoes are harvested, the yield of each test field is calculated, the tomato yield of treatment 5, treatment 6, treatment 7 and treatment 8 is 11945.6 kg/mu, 11468.3 kg/mu, 11319.8 kg/mu and 8618.5 kg/mu respectively, and the tomato yield of treatment 5 is improved by 4.2%, 5.5% and 38.6% respectively compared with that of treatment 6, treatment 7 and treatment 8.
Example 3 after the 2 nd tomato is planted on the test field 1 of example 2 according to the conventional planting method, the 3 rd, 4 th, 5 th and 6 th tomatoes are continuously planted according to the conventional planting method. And observing the occurrence and harm conditions of phytophthora root rot of each crop.
Planting the 3 rd crop in 2017 in 1 month and 6 days, wherein the variety is Opentite; the 4 th crop is planted in 12 days 10 months in 2017, and the variety is ErRuiJia.
Planting the 5 th crop in 2018, 1 month and 11 days, wherein the variety is Opentite; the 6 th crop is planted in 2018, 10, 15 and the variety is ErRuiJia.
As a result: the disease rates of phytophthora root rot of 3 rd, 4 th, 5 th and 6 th stubbles are 0, 0 and 4.5 percent respectively.
Description of the drawings: by adopting the invention to fumigate once, the tomato is not harmed by phytophthora root rot in the following continuous multiple cropping under the conventional planting condition.
Example 4 cucumber cultivation was carried out in a certain sunlight greenhouse in shou light city, the cultivation area of which was 2.4 acres, divided into 4 parts, each of which was 0.6 acre, and was designated as test field 1, test field 2, test field 3 and test field 4 in this order, and 2 crops were continuously planted. Planting the first crop in 2016 in 1 month and 10 days for early spring crop production. Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the test field 1 is cultivated according to the method of the treatment 1;
the test field 2 is cultivated according to the method of the treatment 2;
the experimental field 3 is cultivated according to the method of the treatment 3;
the test field 4 was cultivated by the method of treatment 4.
Planting the second crop in 2016 for 10 months and 11 days, and producing the winter-surviving cucumber. Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the test field 1 is cultivated according to the method of treatment 5;
the test field 2 is cultivated according to the method of treatment 6;
the test field 3 is cultivated according to the method of treatment 7;
the test field 4 was cultivated by the method of treatment 8.
The first crop: the cucumber variety is Donryi No. two.
Treatment 1: the cucumber is cultivated according to the method of the invention.
1) Making ridges: making large and wide cultivation beds in a sunlight greenhouse, wherein the height of each cultivation bed is 22.5cm, the width of each cultivation bed is 90cm, and the distance between every two adjacent beds is 140 cm;
2) planting cucumber: planting 1 row of cucumbers in the middle of the cultivation ridge, wherein the planting distance is 17.5 cm;
3) set up the gallows steel wire: a 1 st hanger steel wire and a 2 nd hanger steel wire are arranged 1.8m above the cultivation bed from the ground, the 1 st hanger steel wire and the 2 nd hanger steel wire can move, the plane where the 1 st hanger steel wire and the 2 nd hanger steel wire are located is parallel to the ground, the maximum distance between the 1 st hanger steel wire and the 2 nd hanger steel wire is the same as the width of the cultivation bed, and the vertical distance between the 1 st hanger steel wire and the fixed planting row is equal to the vertical distance between the 2 nd hanger steel wire and the fixed planting row;
4) a hanging bracket: hanging vines 30 days after field planting of cucumbers, hanging vines obliquely towards two sides in a state that the 1 st hanger steel wire and the 2 nd hanger steel wire are at the maximum distance, wherein one end of a plastic hanging rope is tied to the base of a cucumber plant, the other end of the plastic hanging rope is tied to the hanger steel wire, and 2 adjacent plants are respectively tied to different hanger steel wires above a field planting row;
5) sowing the leaf mustard: after the cucumber fruits are picked for 50-60 days, respectively moving the 1 st hanger steel wire and the 2 nd hanger steel wire to the middle for 15-20cm, wherein the moving distances of the two hanger steel wires are the same, then broadcasting leaf mustard on the cultivation bed surfaces at two sides of the cucumber plants, wherein the sowing distance is 5-8cm, and enhancing the fertilizer and water management after the seedlings emerge;
6) temperature raising and water controlling: temperature raising and water controlling: after the last batch of fruits of the cucumbers are picked, pulling the cucumbers and moving the cucumbers out of the greenhouse, meanwhile, properly increasing the temperature in the sunlight greenhouse (the temperature in the daytime is controlled at 28-32 ℃ which is 2-5 ℃ higher than the proper temperature of the cucumbers in the symbiotic period of the cucumbers and the leaf mustard), stopping watering the leaf mustard, and controlling water for 10-12 days;
7) soil biological fumigation treatment: after the water control is finished, smashing the leaf mustard by using a rotary cultivator and turning the leaf mustard into soil; after irrigation, mulching film is covered for heat preservation and moisture preservation, and the soil is fermented for 15-20 days at high temperature;
8) after fermentation, the sunlight greenhouse is greatly ventilated, soil is rotated in a rotary manner, and next-stubble cucumbers are planted in a fixed manner.
And (3) treatment 2: cucumber was cultivated as follows.
1) Making ridges: making large and wide cultivation beds in a sunlight greenhouse, wherein the height of each cultivation bed is 22.5cm, the width of each cultivation bed is 90cm, and the distance between every two adjacent beds is 140 cm;
2) planting cucumber: planting 1 row of cucumbers in the middle of the cultivation ridge, wherein the planting distance is 17.5 cm;
3) set up the gallows steel wire: a 1 st hanger steel wire and a 2 nd hanger steel wire are arranged 1.8m above the cultivation bed from the ground, the plane where the 1 st hanger steel wire and the 2 nd hanger steel wire are located is parallel to the ground, the distance between the 1 st hanger steel wire and the 2 nd hanger steel wire is the same as the width of the cultivation bed, and the vertical distance between the 1 st hanger steel wire and the fixed planting row is equal to the vertical distance between the 2 nd hanger steel wire and the fixed planting row;
4) a hanging bracket: hanging vines 30 days after field planting of cucumbers, obliquely hanging the vines to two sides, tying one end of a plastic hanging rope to the base of a cucumber plant, tying the other end of the plastic hanging rope to a hanger steel wire, and respectively tying 2 adjacent plants to different hanger steel wires above a field planting row;
5) sowing the leaf mustard: picking up cucumber fruits for 50-60 days, sowing leaf mustard on the cultivation bed surfaces at two sides of a cucumber plant, sowing seeds at a distance of 5-8cm, and enhancing fertilizer and water management after seedling emergence;
6) temperature raising and water controlling: after the last batch of fruits of the cucumbers are picked, pulling the cucumbers and moving the cucumbers out of the greenhouse, meanwhile, properly increasing the temperature in the sunlight greenhouse (the temperature in the daytime is controlled at 28-32 ℃ which is 2-5 ℃ higher than the proper temperature of the cucumbers in the symbiotic period of the cucumbers and the leaf mustard), stopping watering the leaf mustard, and controlling water for 10-12 days;
7) soil biological fumigation treatment: after the water control is finished, smashing the leaf mustard by using a rotary cultivator and turning the leaf mustard into soil; after irrigation, mulching film is covered for heat preservation and moisture preservation, and the soil is fermented for 15-20 days at high temperature;
8) after fermentation, the sunlight greenhouse is greatly ventilated, soil is rotated in a rotary manner, and next-stubble cucumbers are planted in a fixed manner.
And (3) treatment: cucumber was cultivated as follows.
1) Making ridges: making large and wide cultivation beds in a sunlight greenhouse, wherein the height of each cultivation bed is 22.5cm, the width of each cultivation bed is 90cm, and the distance between every two adjacent beds is 140 cm;
2) planting cucumber: planting 1 row of cucumbers in the middle of the cultivation ridge, wherein the planting distance is 17.5 cm;
3) set up the gallows steel wire: a 1 st hanger steel wire and a 2 nd hanger steel wire are arranged 1.8m above the cultivation bed from the ground, the 1 st hanger steel wire and the 2 nd hanger steel wire can move, the plane where the 1 st hanger steel wire and the 2 nd hanger steel wire are located is parallel to the ground, the maximum distance between the 1 st hanger steel wire and the 2 nd hanger steel wire is the same as the width of the cultivation bed, and the vertical distance between the 1 st hanger steel wire and the fixed planting row is equal to the vertical distance between the 2 nd hanger steel wire and the fixed planting row;
4) a hanging bracket: hanging vines 30 days after field planting of cucumbers, hanging vines obliquely towards two sides in a state that the 1 st hanger steel wire and the 2 nd hanger steel wire are at the maximum distance, wherein one end of a plastic hanging rope is tied to the base of a cucumber plant, the other end of the plastic hanging rope is tied to the hanger steel wire, and 2 adjacent plants are respectively tied to different hanger steel wires above a field planting row;
5) sowing the leaf mustard: after the cucumber fruits are picked for 50-60 days, respectively moving the 1 st hanger steel wire and the 2 nd hanger steel wire to the middle for 15-20cm, wherein the moving distances of the two hanger steel wires are the same, then broadcasting leaf mustard on the cultivation bed surfaces at two sides of the cucumber plants, wherein the sowing distance is 5-8cm, and enhancing the fertilizer and water management after the seedlings emerge;
6) after the last batch of fruits of the cucumbers are picked, pulling the cucumbers and moving the cucumbers out of a greenhouse, meanwhile, normally managing the temperature and the fertilizer and water of the leaf mustard, not raising the temperature (still managing the temperature according to the temperature management measure during the symbiosis of the cucumbers and the leaf mustard) and not controlling the water (watering for 1-2 times);
7) soil biological fumigation treatment: after the water control is finished, smashing the leaf mustard by using a rotary cultivator and turning the leaf mustard into soil; after irrigation, mulching film is covered for heat preservation and moisture preservation, and the soil is fermented for 15-20 days at high temperature;
8) after fermentation, the sunlight greenhouse is greatly ventilated, soil is rotated in a rotary manner, and next-stubble cucumbers are planted in a fixed manner.
And (4) treatment: conventional planting method (control)
Planting according to the habitual planting method of local vegetable farmers.
The yield of the leaf mustard is measured by randomly sampling every treatment after 40 days of seedling development of the leaf mustard. Measured, 1 big leaf mustard 667m is processed
2The biomass reaches 462kg, 2 big leaf mustard 667m is processed
2The biomass reaches 335kg, and 3 big leaf mustard 667m is processed
2The biomass amounted to 458 kg.
1 day before biological fumigation of soil is carried out, random sampling is carried out for each treatment to detect the content of glucosinolate in the leaf mustard plants. Through detection, the content of the thioglucoside in 1 plant is 65.8 mu mol/g, the content of the thioglucoside in 2 plants is 47.3 mu mol/g, and the content of the thioglucoside in 3 plants is 36.9 mu mol/g.
And (3) randomly taking 20 plants with roots and digging out each treatment before seedling pulling, cleaning the plants with clear water, grading the root knots of the roots respectively, and calculating the root knot index.
As a result: treatment 1, treatment 2, treatment 3 and treatment 4 had nodule indices of 27.92, 25.69, 26.45 and 27.11, respectively. Root knot nematode damage occurred in treatments 1, 2, 3, and 4. Analysis of variance, no significant difference was noted between treatment 1, treatment 2, treatment 3, and treatment 4.
The results prove that under the same cultivation area and different cultivation modes, the yield of the biological fumigation material and the content of the glucosinolate in the body are obviously different. The invention creates a good environment for the interaction symbiosis of the cucumber and the leaf mustard, can obtain enough biological fumigation materials rich in glucosinolates, does not influence the normal growth and development of the cucumber, and does not reduce the yield and quality of the cucumber.
And (4) second crop: the cucumber variety is Xinrui No. one.
And (4) treatment 5: and (3) planting cucumbers on the test field 1 after the first crop is harvested according to a conventional planting method.
And (6) treatment: and (4) planting cucumbers on the test field 2 after the first crop is harvested according to a conventional planting method.
And (7) treatment: and (4) planting cucumbers on the test field 3 after the first crop is harvested according to a conventional planting method.
And (4) treatment 8: and (4) planting cucumbers on the test field 4 after the first crop is harvested according to a conventional planting method.
Test methods and data:
and (3) randomly taking 30 plants with roots and digging out each treatment before seedling pulling, cleaning the plants with clear water, grading the root knots of the roots respectively, and calculating the root knot index.
As a result: treatment 5, treatment 6, treatment 7 and treatment 8 knot indices were 0, 3.38, 6.75 and 81.59, respectively. Analysis of variance showed significant differences between treatment 5 and treatment 6 and treatment 7, very significant differences between treatment 5 and treatment 8, and insignificant differences between treatment 6 and treatment 7.
After the cucumbers are harvested, the yield of each test field is calculated, the cucumber yields of treatment 5, treatment 6, treatment 7 and treatment 8 are 18106.4 kg/mu, 16772.9 kg/mu, 16513.7 kg/mu and 12521.8 kg/mu respectively, and the cucumber yield of treatment 5 is respectively improved by 8.0%, 9.6% and 44.6% compared with that of treatment 6, treatment 7 and treatment 8.
Example 5 after the cucumber of the 2 nd crop is planted on the test field 1 of example 4 according to the conventional planting method, the cucumbers of the 3 rd crop, the 4 th crop, the 5 th crop and the 6 th crop are continuously planted according to the conventional planting method. And observing the harm condition of the root knot nematode of each crop.
Planting the 3 rd crop in 2017, 1 month and 5 days, wherein the variety is Dougui No. two; the 4 th crop is planted in 2017, 10, 15 and the variety is Xinrui I.
Planting the 5 th crop in 12 days 1 month in 2018, wherein the variety is Dorui No. two; 6 th crop is planted in 2018, 10, 15 and the variety is Xinrui I.
Randomly picking 30 plants with roots and digging out before pulling seedlings of each crop, cleaning the plants with clear water, grading the root knots of the roots respectively, and calculating the root knot index.
As a result: root knot indexes of the 3 rd, 4 th, 5 th and 6 th stubbles are 0, 0 and 1.46 respectively.
Description of the drawings: the cucumber fumigating method is adopted for fumigating once, and then the cucumber is not damaged by root-knot nematodes under the conventional planting conditions in a continuous multi-cropping mode.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A cultivation method for preventing soil-borne diseases based on biological fumigation is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) making ridges: making large and wide cultivation beds in a sunlight greenhouse, wherein the height of each cultivation bed is 20-25cm, the width of each cultivation bed is 80-100cm, and the distance between two adjacent beds is 130-150 cm;
2) planting main planted crops: planting 1 row of main planting crops in the middle of the cultivation bed, wherein the planting distance is 15-25 cm;
3) set up the gallows steel wire: a 1 st hanger steel wire and a 2 nd hanger steel wire are arranged at a position 1.8m away from the surface of the cultivation bed right above the cultivation bed, the plane where the first hanger steel wire and the second hanger steel wire are located is parallel to the ground, the hanger steel wires can horizontally move within the maximum distance, and the vertical distance between the 1 st hanger steel wire and the fixed planting row is equal to the vertical distance between the 2 nd hanger steel wire and the fixed planting row;
4) a hanging bracket: hanging tendrils 30 days after the main planting crop is planted in a fixed mode, hanging the tendrils obliquely towards two sides in the state of the maximum distance between a 1 st hanger steel wire and a 2 nd hanger steel wire, wherein one end of a plastic lifting rope is tied to the base of a plant of the main planting crop, the other end of the plastic lifting rope is tied to the hanger steel wire, and 2 adjacent plants are respectively tied to different hanger steel wires above a fixed planting row;
5) sowing and fumigating plants: after the fruits of the main cultivated crops are picked for 50-60 days, respectively translating the steel wire of the No. 1 hanger and the steel wire of the No. 2 hanger to the middle for 15-20cm, wherein the moving distances of the steel wires and the No. 1 hanger are the same, then sowing fumigation plants on the cultivation bed surfaces at two sides of the main cultivated crops, enhancing fertilizer and water management after emergence of seedlings, increasing nitrogen fertilizer in the early stage of growth, increasing sulfur fertilizer in the middle and later stages of growth, applying urea to nitrogen fertilizer, applying potassium sulfate to sulfur fertilizer, 667m
25-7.5kg of total dosage of urea and 7.5-10kg of total dosage of potassium sulfate;
6) temperature raising and water controlling: after picking the last batch of fruits of the main planted crops, pulling seedlings of the main planted crops and moving the main planted crops out of the greenhouse, simultaneously increasing the temperature in the sunlight greenhouse, controlling the temperature in the daytime to be 28-32 ℃ higher than the temperature of tomatoes in the symbiotic period of the main planted crops and the fumigated plants by 2-5 ℃, stopping watering the fumigated plants, and controlling water for 10-12 days;
7) soil biological fumigation treatment: after the water control is finished, smashing the fumigated plants and turning the fumigated plants into soil; after irrigation, mulching film is covered for heat preservation and moisture preservation, and the soil is fermented for 15-20 days at high temperature;
8) after fermentation, the sunlight greenhouse is greatly ventilated, soil is rotated in a rotary manner, and the next crop is planted.
2. The cultivation method for preventing soil-borne diseases based on biological fumigation as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the main planting crops are cucumbers or tomatoes.
3. The cultivation method for preventing soil-borne diseases based on biological fumigation as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the maximum distance is the same as the width of the cultivation bed as the maximum vertical distance between the 1 st hanging bracket steel wire and the 2 nd hanging bracket steel wire.
4. The cultivation method for preventing soil-borne diseases based on biological fumigation as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the fumigated plant is leaf mustard.
5. The cultivation method for preventing soil-borne diseases based on biological fumigation as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the method is used for cucumber cultivation, the plant spacing is 15-20cm, and the branches of a single vine are trimmed.
6. The cultivation method for preventing soil-borne diseases based on biological fumigation as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the method is used for tomato cultivation, the plant spacing is 20-25cm, and single-rod pruning is carried out.
7. The cultivation method for preventing soil-borne diseases based on biological fumigation as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the fumigating plants are sown on the cultivation ridge surfaces on the two sides of the main cultivated crops, and the planting distance is 5-8 cm.
8. The cultivation method for preventing soil-borne diseases based on biological fumigation as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the cultivation bed is 22.5cm in height and 90cm in width, and the distance between two adjacent beds is 140 cm.
9. The cultivation method for preventing soil-borne diseases based on biological fumigation as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the method is used for cucumber cultivation, the plant spacing is 17.5cm, and the branches of a single vine are trimmed.
10. The cultivation method for preventing soil-borne diseases based on biological fumigation as claimed in claim 6, wherein: the method is used for tomato cultivation, the plant spacing is 22.5cm, and single-rod pruning is carried out.
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