CN115606463A - Ginger planting and green pest prevention and control method - Google Patents
Ginger planting and green pest prevention and control method Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, in particular to a ginger planting and pest and disease green prevention and control method. The method comprises 7 steps of seed soaking, germination accelerating, seeding, additional fertilization and watering, field management, disease control and harvesting, ensures the survival rate of the ginger through a scientific planting method and a green disease and insect prevention and control method, improves the yield of the ginger, plays a good disease and insect prevention and control effect, has no pollution, avoids environmental pollution, and can maintain good soil microbial balance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, in particular to a ginger planting and green pest and disease damage prevention and control method.
Background
The ginger has various efficacies, not only can be used as a medicine, but also has the effects of sweating, warming the stomach, moistening the lung to arrest cough, detoxifying and the like. In the process of planting and cultivating the ginger, diseases and insect pests such as ginger blast, leaf spot, ginger borer, root rot, root knot nematode and black cutworm are easily infected, wherein the ginger blast, such as pseudomonas solanacearum, seriously affects the quality of the ginger in China, causes the dead harvest of a large number of ginger fields, causes the death of a large number of ginger seedlings and the yield reduction of crops, so that how to improve the disease resistance of the ginger becomes a key point of attention of many ginger planting farmers.
At present, most of ginger planting methods pay attention to yield, the chemical fertilizer is used excessively for a long time, soil is seriously damaged, residual harmful substances can be absorbed by ginger, the quality and the yield of the ginger are influenced, meanwhile, human health is indirectly harmed, meanwhile, the growth process of the ginger is easily influenced by the external environment, the ginger is easy to wither and die and ginger blocks are easy to rot and deteriorate due to the fact that no scientific planting method is available, and the economic income of growers is seriously influenced.
Chinese patent publication No. CN107926568B discloses a ginger planting method, which comprises preparing a seed soaking solution; the method comprises the steps of pretreatment, germination acceleration, ginger seed production, planting box production, planting, management and harvest, wherein a seed soaking solution penetrates into the surface of the seed ginger to form a protective layer and a nutrient layer, so that diseases of the seed ginger are avoided, the growth period and the yield of the ginger are increased, the disease resistance of the ginger is still low, the insect damage prevention effect is poor, the planting box is required to plant, and the cost is high.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a ginger planting and pest and disease damage green prevention and control method which is realized by the following technical scheme.
The invention provides a ginger planting and pest and disease damage green prevention and control method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Seed soaking: selecting ginger blocks which are fat and full, bright in color, hard in texture and free of diseases and insect pests as ginger seeds, and soaking the ginger seeds in 100-350 kg of biological microbial inoculum per liter for 20-30 min;
(2) Accelerating germination: cleaning the soaked ginger seeds with deionized water, soaking the ginger seeds in the deionized water with oxygen, and performing ultrasonic treatment for 30-50 min to accelerate germination;
(3) Sowing: before sowing, soil treatment is carried out, a layer of dry pine leaves with the thickness of 1-2cm is placed at the bottom of a ditch, finally, a layer of nutrient soil with the thickness of 3-6cm is laid, sowing can be carried out, the sprouted seed ginger is broken into small blocks with the thickness of 30-40g, each block is kept with a strong bud, the seed ginger is placed in the ditch, finally, a layer of nutrient soil with the thickness of 5-8cm is attached, the liquid dung is poured thoroughly, the ditch is covered with a plastic film, and the sowing is finished by pressing the film edge;
(4) Topdressing and watering: applying base fertilizer to the planting soil after sowing and watering, applying the base fertilizer to the planting soil again after 20-25 days and watering, wherein the amount of the base fertilizer applied to each mu is 3-6 kg;
(5) And (3) field management: weeds are removed in time after the ginger enters the growth period so as to avoid influencing the nutrient absorption of the ginger;
(6) And (3) pest control: spraying and/or irrigating the ginger with the biological agent at the seedling emergence stage and the small hilling stage, wherein the total usage amount of the biological agent is 200-500 kg per mu each time; when the ginger bacterial wilt is higher than 7-9 months, timely removing diseased plants, digging out soil with germs, spreading 300-500 g of biological bacteria in disease holes, and burying with clean sterile soil; spraying 100-150 g of biological agent at the initial stage of the disease and insect pest attack of the rest plants;
(7) Harvesting: after harvesting, part of stems are cut off and put into a storeroom for storage.
Further, in the step (1) and the step (6), the biological agent contains viable count of 6.76 × 10 9 CFU/L～10.75×10 9 CFU/L bacillus subtilis liquid.
In the step (2), the oxygen ventilation volume is 15 NL/min-20 NL/min; the ultrasonic wave is 500-800w and 40-60 KHZ; each liter of deionized water is used for soaking 30-50 kg of ginger seeds.
In the step (3), the nutrient soil is prepared by crushing and mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70-85 parts of sandy soil, 35-50 parts of dry cow dung, 40-100 parts of chicken manure, 1-5 parts of slaked lime powder, 10-15 parts of plant ash, 15-23 parts of dry vetch vine, 1-5 parts of alkannin, 1-5 parts of houttuynia cordata extract, 8-13 parts of orange peel, 62-89 parts of plant straw, 5-7 parts of urea and 20-30 parts of water; the houttuynia cordata extract is obtained by drying and crushing houttuynia cordata, adding 70-75% by volume of ethanol into the dried and crushed houttuynia cordata according to the weight ratio of the material liquid to the material liquid of 1: 25-30, leaching the dried and crushed houttuynia cordata for 3-4 h at 70-75 ℃ in a constant temperature water bath, collecting the leaching liquor, filtering, concentrating the filtrate, refluxing the filtrate for 3-4 h by using ethyl acetate, concentrating, drying and crushing the filtrate.
In the step (3), the soil treatment is to firstly carry out soil turning and furrowing, and then irrigate the land blocks with the biological agent, wherein each mu of the land blocks contains 500-1000 g of the biological agent.
In the step (3), the planting density of the ginger is 4500-5500 plants/mu.
In the step (4), the base fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 70-100 parts of decomposed cow dung or decomposed pig dung and 65-90 parts of straw broken slag.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the biological agent has excellent disease and pest control effect, and the bacillus subtilis biological agent can kill germs and insect eggs in partial soil, especially diseases and pests such as ginger blast, spot disease, root tumor disease, parasite, soil nematode and the like. The bacillus subtilis can be used as a plant rhizosphere growth promoting bacterium to promote the decomposition of organic substances in ginger rhizosphere soil and the absorption and utilization of nutrient components such as rhizosphere organic matters and the like, effectively promotes the growth of ginger plants, enhances the resistance to the invasion of pathogenic bacteria, promotes the virtuous cycle of ginger rhizosphere soil ecology, improves the environmental pollution caused by long-term unreasonable use of chemical agents, and maintains good soil microbial balance.
2. After the bacterial liquid is used in the early growth stage of crops, the bacillus subtilis can be planted and propagated on the surfaces of the plants earlier, the living space is occupied quickly, after the bacillus subtilis is applied again in a small hilling period, the propagation capacity of the bacillus subtilis can be further improved, the growth of pathogenic bacteria is inhibited, a good control effect is obtained, a good control effect can be achieved even in high-temperature rainy days, and the infection rate of the pathogenic bacteria is effectively reduced.
3. The use of ultrasonic treatment under sufficient humidity and oxygen conditions can increase the germination rate and germination rate of seeds.
4. The houttuynia cordata extract has good bacteriostatic action, if the traditional water extraction method is adopted for extraction, the problems of high extraction difficulty, low solubility, poor stability and the like exist, the method combining alcohol extraction and ethyl acetate reflux can well overcome the problems, and the extraction rate of flavone in the houttuynia cordata is improved.
5. The nutrient soil contains nutrient substances required by the growth of the ginger and antibacterial substances such as alkannin and houttuynia cordata extract, the growth of the ginger can be synergistically promoted by spreading the nutrient soil twice, the seed can be relatively isolated from harmful substances in situ after the nutrient soil with the thickness of 3-6cm is spread and sowed for the first time, the seed can grow in an environment with sufficient nutrient substances and few germs, the seed can be relatively isolated from external environment germs by spreading the nutrient soil with the thickness of 5-8cm for the second time, sufficient nutrient substances can be provided for the growth of the ginger, and the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests can be prevented.
6. The invention has no pollution, avoids pollution to the environment and certain damage to the ginger caused by chemical drugs, and further improves the use effect of the invention.
7. By using a scientific planting method and a green method for preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests, the survival rate of the ginger is ensured, the yield of the ginger is increased, the yield of the ginger is more than 2000 kilograms per mu, and the yield is increased by about 500 kilograms per mu.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described below, but the scope of the claimed invention is not limited to the described.
The biological agents described in the following examples all contained viable bacteria with a count of 6.76X 10 9 CFU/L～10.75×10 9 CFU/L bacillus subtilis liquid.
Example 1 Green prevention and control test for ginger planting and diseases and pests
(1) Seed soaking: selecting ginger blocks which are fat, full, bright in color, hard in texture and free of diseases and insect pests as ginger seeds, and soaking the ginger seeds in the biological bactericide for 0.5 hour, wherein 280kg of the ginger seeds are soaked in each liter of the biological bactericide;
(2) Accelerating germination: cleaning the soaked ginger seeds with deionized water, soaking the ginger seeds in deionized water with oxygen flow of 15NL/min, soaking 40kg of ginger seeds in each liter of deionized water, and treating with ultrasonic wave (500w, 50KHZ) for 45min for germination;
(3) Preparing a houttuynia cordata extract: drying herba Houttuyniae, pulverizing, adding 70% ethanol at a weight ratio of 1: 25, and leaching at 70 deg.C for 4 hr; collecting the leaching solution, filtering, concentrating the filtrate, refluxing with ethyl acetate for 3h, concentrating, drying, and pulverizing to obtain the final product;
(4) Preparing nutrient soil: according to parts by weight, evenly mixing 80 parts of sandy loam, 40 parts of dry cow dung, 65 parts of chicken manure, 3 parts of hydrated lime powder, 12 parts of plant ash, 17 parts of dry vetch vine, 3 parts of alkannin, 2 parts of houttuynia cordata extract, 10 parts of orange peel, 71 parts of plant straw, 5 parts of urea and 24 parts of water;
(5) Sowing: sowing in 3-month middle ten days, before sowing, firstly ploughing soil into a ditch, then irrigating a block land with a biological agent, wherein the total usage amount of the biological agent per mu is 700g, then placing a layer of 2 cm-thick dry pine leaves at the bottom of the ditch, finally paving a layer of 5 cm-thick nutrient soil, then sowing, breaking the sprouted seed ginger into 36g small blocks, reserving one strong bud for each block, placing the seed ginger in the ditch, finally attaching a layer of 6 cm-thick nutrient soil, pouring manure water thoroughly, covering a plastic film on the ditch, and pressing the film edge tightly to finish sowing; the planting density of the ginger is 5000 plants/mu;
(6) Topdressing and watering: applying base fertilizer to the planting soil after sowing and watering, applying the base fertilizer to the planting soil again after 22 days and watering, wherein the base fertilizer is applied in an amount of 5kg per mu every time, and the base fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 80 parts of decomposed cow dung and 80 parts of straw slag;
(7) Field management: weeds are removed in time after the ginger enters the growth period so as to avoid influencing the nutrient absorption of the ginger;
(8) And (3) pest control: spraying biological bactericide to the ginger in the seedling emergence period and the small ridging period, wherein the total usage amount of the biological bactericide is 350kg per mu each time, the ginger bacterial wilt is higher than 7-9 months, the diseased plant is timely pulled out, the soil with the germs is dug out, 400g of the biological bactericide is scattered in a disease hole, and the clean sterile soil is used for landfill; spraying 100g of biological agent at the initial stage of the disease and insect pest attack, and spraying once again every 8 days;
(9) Harvesting: after harvesting, the stems of the overground parts are cut off, and the overground parts are placed into a storeroom for storage, and the yield is calculated.
Example 2 Green prevention and control test for ginger planting and diseases and pests
(1) Seed soaking: selecting ginger blocks which are fat and full, bright in color and luster, hard in texture and free of diseases and insect pests as ginger seeds, and soaking the ginger seeds in the biological microbial inoculum for 20 minutes, wherein each liter of the biological microbial inoculum soaks 100kg of the planted ginger;
(2) Accelerating germination: washing the soaked ginger seeds with deionized water, soaking the ginger seeds in deionized water with oxygen amount of 20NL/min, soaking 50kg of ginger seeds in deionized water per liter, and treating with ultrasonic wave (800w, 60KHZ) for 30min for germination;
(3) Preparing nutrient soil: the nutrient soil is prepared by crushing and mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70 parts of sandy soil, 35 parts of dry cow dung, 90 parts of chicken manure, 2 parts of hydrated lime powder, 10 parts of plant ash, 23 parts of dry vetch vine, 1 part of alkannin, 5 parts of houttuynia cordata extract, 8 parts of orange peel, 62 parts of plant straw, 7 parts of urea and 30 parts of water;
(4) Sowing: sowing in 3 middle ten days, before sowing, irrigating a land mass with a bacillus subtilis biological agent for soil treatment, wherein each mu contains 800g of the biological agent, then placing a layer of dried pine leaves with the thickness of 1cm at the bottom of a ditch, finally paving a layer of nutrient soil with the thickness of 6cm, sowing, breaking the sprouted seed ginger into small blocks of 40g, reserving one strong bud for each block, placing the seed ginger in the ditch, finally attaching a layer of nutrient soil with the thickness of 5cm, pouring manure water thoroughly, covering the ditch with a plastic film, and pressing the film edge to finish sowing; the planting density of the ginger is 5000 plants/mu;
(5) Topdressing and watering: applying base fertilizer to the planting soil after sowing and watering, applying the base fertilizer to the planting soil again after 20 days and watering, wherein the base fertilizer is applied to 6kg per mu each time, and the base fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 70 parts of decomposed pig manure and 65 parts of straw residues;
(6) And (3) field management: weeds are removed in time after the ginger enters the growth period so as to avoid influencing the nutrient absorption of the ginger;
(7) Disease control: irrigating root biological bacteria to ginger in a seedling emergence period and a small ridging period, wherein the total usage amount of the biological bacteria is 500kg per mu each time, the ginger bacterial wilt is higher than 7-9 months, diseased plants are timely pulled out, soil with germs is dug out, 500g of the biological bacteria is spread in disease holes, and clean sterile soil is used for landfill; spraying 150g of biological agent at the initial stage of the disease and insect pest attack, and spraying once again every 10 days;
(8) Harvesting: after harvesting, the stems of the aerial parts are cut off, and the stems are put into a storeroom for storage, and the yield is calculated.
Example 3 ginger planting and Green prevention and control of pests test
(1) Seed soaking: selecting ginger blocks which are fat and full, bright in color, hard in texture and free of diseases and insect pests as ginger seeds, and soaking the ginger seeds in the biological microbial inoculum for 0.5 hour, wherein each liter of the biological microbial inoculum soaks 350kg of the planted ginger;
(2) Accelerating germination: cleaning the soaked ginger seeds with deionized water, soaking the ginger seeds in deionized water with oxygen flow of 15NL/min, soaking 30kg of ginger seeds in each liter of deionized water, and treating with ultrasonic wave (500w, 40KHZ) for 50min for germination;
(3) Preparing a houttuynia cordata extract: drying herba Houttuyniae, pulverizing, adding 75% ethanol at a weight ratio of 1: 30, and leaching at 75 deg.C for 3 hr; collecting the leaching solution, filtering, concentrating the filtrate, refluxing with ethyl acetate for 4h, concentrating, drying, and pulverizing to obtain extract;
(4) Preparing nutrient soil: according to the weight parts, 85 parts of sandy loam, 50 parts of dry cow dung, 40 parts of chicken manure, 1 part of hydrated lime powder, 15 parts of plant ash, 15 parts of dry vetch vine, 5 parts of alkannin, 1 part of houttuynia cordata extract, 13 parts of orange peel, 89 parts of plant straw, 5 parts of urea and 20 parts of water are uniformly mixed;
(5) Sowing: sowing in 3-month middle ten days, before sowing, firstly ploughing soil into a ditch, then irrigating a block land with a biological agent, wherein the total usage amount of the biological agent per mu is 700g, then placing a layer of 2 cm-thick dry pine leaves at the bottom of the ditch, finally paving a layer of 3 cm-thick nutrient soil, then sowing, breaking the sprouted ginger into 30g small blocks, reserving one strong bud for each block, placing the ginger in the ditch, finally attaching a layer of 8 cm-thick nutrient soil, pouring manure water thoroughly, covering a plastic film on the ditch, and pressing the film edge tightly to finish sowing; the planting density of the ginger is 5000 plants/mu;
(6) Topdressing and watering: applying base fertilizer to the planting soil after sowing and watering, applying the base fertilizer to the planting soil again after 25 days and watering, wherein the base fertilizer is applied 3kg per mu, and the base fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 100 parts of decomposed pig manure and 90 parts of straw residues;
(7) Field management: weeds are removed in time after the ginger enters the growth period so as to avoid influencing the nutrient absorption of the ginger;
(8) And (3) pest control: irrigating root biological bacteria to the ginger in a seedling emergence period and a small hilling period, wherein the total usage amount of the biological bacteria is 500kg per mu each time, the ginger bacterial wilt is higher than 7-9 months, the diseased plant is timely pulled out, soil with germs is dug out, 500g of the biological bacteria is spread in a disease hole, and clean sterile soil is used for landfill; spraying 150g of biological agent at the initial stage of the disease and insect pest attack, and spraying once again every 10 days;
(9) Harvesting: after harvesting, the stems of the aerial parts are cut off, and the stems are put into a storeroom for storage, and the yield is calculated.
Comparative example 1 comparative test of applying a layer of nutrient soil
Only the first layer of nutrient soil is spread during sowing, the other operations are the same as the example 1, and the yield is calculated.
Comparative example 2 comparative test without pest control
(1) Selecting ginger seeds: selecting ginger blocks which are fat and plump, bright in color and luster, hard in texture and disease-free as ginger seeds;
(2) Accelerating germination: cleaning the soaked ginger seeds with deionized water, soaking the ginger seeds in deionized water with oxygen flow of 15NL/min, soaking 40kg of ginger seeds in each liter of deionized water, and treating with ultrasonic wave (500w, 50KHZ) for 45min for germination;
(3) Preparing nutrient soil: the nutrient soil is prepared by crushing and mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70 parts of sandy soil, 35 parts of dry cow dung, 90 parts of chicken manure, 3 parts of slaked lime powder, 10 parts of plant ash, 23 parts of dry vetch vine, 2 parts of alkannin, 5 parts of houttuynia cordata extract, 8 parts of orange peel, 62 parts of plant straw, 7 parts of urea and 25 parts of water;
(4) Sowing: sowing in 3 middle ten days, placing a layer of dried pine leaves with the thickness of 1cm at the bottom of a ditch, finally paving a layer of nutrient soil with the thickness of 6cm, then sowing, breaking the sprouted seed ginger into small blocks with the thickness of 40g, reserving one strong bud for each block, placing the seed ginger in the ditch, finally attaching a layer of nutrient soil with the thickness of 5cm, pouring manure water thoroughly, covering the ditch with a plastic film, and pressing the film edge tightly to complete the sowing; the planting density of the ginger is 5000 plants/mu;
(5) Topdressing and watering: applying base fertilizer to the planting soil after sowing and watering, applying the base fertilizer to the planting soil again after 25 days and watering, wherein the base fertilizer is applied to 3-6 kg per mu each time, and the base fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 70 parts of decomposed cow dung and 65 parts of straw slag;
(6) And (3) field management: weeds are removed in time after the ginger enters the growth period so as to avoid influencing the nutrient absorption of the ginger;
(7) Harvesting: after harvesting, the stems of the aerial parts are cut off, and the stems are put into a storeroom for storage, and the yield is calculated.
Example 4 results and analysis
In the harvest period, the diseases and insect pests of each example are investigated, and the investigation method adopts a five-point sampling method: sampling 5 points from the intersection points of two diagonals at four corners of the field, the intersection points to the middle points of the four corners and the like, calculating the pest damage rate and the disease index according to the sampling result, wherein the investigation result is shown in a table 1, and the formula is as follows:
insect pest rate = (number of pest units/number of investigation units) × 100%
Incidence (%) = (number of diseased plants/number of investigated plants) × 100
TABLE 1 investigation results of the examples
The method can obviously reduce the incidence rate of plant diseases and insect pests and increase the yield, and the two layers of nutrient soil have better protection effect and yield increase effect than the method of only one layer of nutrient soil, compared with the planting mode without plant disease and insect pest protection, the method can ensure that the yield of the ginger reaches more than 2000 kg/mu and the yield is increased by about 500 kg/mu.
Claims (8)
1. A green ginger planting and pest and disease damage prevention and control method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Seed soaking: selecting ginger blocks which are fat, full, bright in color, hard in texture and free of diseases and insect pests as ginger seeds, and soaking the ginger seeds in 100-350 kg of biological microbial inoculum per liter for 20-30 min;
(2) Accelerating germination: cleaning the soaked ginger seeds with deionized water, soaking the ginger seeds in the deionized water with oxygen, and performing ultrasonic treatment for 30-50 min to accelerate germination;
(3) Sowing: before sowing, soil treatment is carried out, a layer of dry pine leaves with the thickness of 1-2cm is placed at the bottom of a ditch, finally, a layer of nutrient soil with the thickness of 3-6cm is laid, sowing can be carried out, the sprouted seed ginger is broken into small blocks with the thickness of 30-40g, each block is kept with a strong bud, the seed ginger is placed in the ditch, finally, a layer of nutrient soil with the thickness of 5-8cm is attached, the liquid dung is poured thoroughly, the ditch is covered with a plastic film, and the sowing is finished by pressing the film edge;
(4) Topdressing and watering: applying base fertilizer to the planting soil after sowing and watering, applying the base fertilizer to the planting soil again after 20-25 days and watering, wherein the base fertilizer amount applied to each mu is 3-6 kg each time;
(5) Field management: weeds are removed in time after the ginger enters the growth period so as to avoid influencing the nutrient absorption of the ginger;
(6) And (3) pest control: spraying and/or irrigating the ginger with the biological agent at the seedling emergence stage and the small hilling stage, wherein the total usage amount of the biological agent is 200-500 kg per mu each time; when the ginger bacterial wilt is higher than 7-9 months, the diseased plant is removed in time, the soil with the pathogenic bacteria is dug out, 300-500 g of biological agent is spread in the diseased hole, and the clean sterile soil is used for landfill; spraying 100-150 g of biological agent at the initial stage of the disease and insect pest attack, and spraying once again every 8-10 days;
(7) Harvesting: after harvesting, part of stems are cut off and put into a storeroom for storage.
2. The ginger planting and pest control green method according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step (1) and the step (6), the biological agent contains viable count of 6.76 multiplied by 10 9 CFU/L～10.75×10 9 CFU/L bacillus subtilis liquid.
3. The green ginger planting and pest control method according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step (2), the ventilation rate of oxygen is 15 NL/min-20 NL/min; the ultrasonic wave is 500-800w and 40-60 KHZ; each liter of deionized water is used for soaking 30-50 kg of ginger seeds.
4. The ginger planting and pest control green method according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step (3), the nutrient soil is prepared by crushing and mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70-85 parts of sandy soil, 35-50 parts of dry cow dung, 40-100 parts of chicken manure, 1-5 parts of slaked lime powder, 10-15 parts of plant ash, 15-23 parts of dry vetch vine, 1-5 parts of alkannin, 1-5 parts of houttuynia cordata extract, 8-13 parts of orange peel, 62-89 parts of plant straw, 5-7 parts of urea and 20-30 parts of water.
5. The ginger planting and pest control green method according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step (3), the soil treatment is to firstly carry out soil turning and furrowing, and then irrigate the land blocks with the biological agent, wherein each mu of the land blocks contains 500-1000 g of the biological agent.
6. The green ginger planting and pest control method according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step (3), the planting density of the ginger is 4500-5500 plants/mu.
7. The green ginger planting and pest control method according to claim 4, characterized by comprising the following steps: the houttuynia cordata extract is obtained by drying and crushing houttuynia cordata, adding 70-75% by volume of ethanol according to the weight ratio of feed liquid to feed liquid of 1: 25-30, leaching for 3-4 h at 70-75 ℃ in a constant temperature water bath kettle, collecting leaching liquor, filtering, concentrating filtrate, refluxing for 3-4 h by ethyl acetate, concentrating, drying and crushing.
8. The ginger planting and pest control green method according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step (4), the base fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 70-100 parts of decomposed cow dung or decomposed pig dung and 65-90 parts of straw broken slag.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116831150A (en) * | 2023-06-30 | 2023-10-03 | 重庆文理学院 | Cultivation method for preventing diseases and insect pests of ginger |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116831150A (en) * | 2023-06-30 | 2023-10-03 | 重庆文理学院 | Cultivation method for preventing diseases and insect pests of ginger |
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Application publication date: 20230117 |