CN111543231A - Comprehensive technical method capable of preventing loquat from being scorched - Google Patents
Comprehensive technical method capable of preventing loquat from being scorched Download PDFInfo
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- CN111543231A CN111543231A CN202010277211.5A CN202010277211A CN111543231A CN 111543231 A CN111543231 A CN 111543231A CN 202010277211 A CN202010277211 A CN 202010277211A CN 111543231 A CN111543231 A CN 111543231A
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- loquat
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0206—Canopies, i.e. devices providing a roof above the plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0262—Mulches, i.e. covering material not-pre-formed in mats or sheets
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/36—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
- A01N43/06—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom five-membered rings
- A01N43/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom five-membered rings with oxygen as the ring hetero atom
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
- A01N43/14—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings
- A01N43/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings with oxygen as the ring hetero atom
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
- A01N59/08—Alkali metal chlorides; Alkaline earth metal chlorides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G2013/004—Liquid mulch
Abstract
The invention provides a comprehensive technical method capable of preventing loquat from being sunburned, which comprises the following steps: the loquat fruit whitening method comprises the steps of whitening, reducing light, increasing air humidity and combining with Ca fertilizer increase, wherein the air temperature is at least over 28 degrees when the loquat fruit is whitened, whitening is conducted on a trunk, or 1% -2% of lime water is sprayed on a tree crown, a sunshade net is adopted for shading light when the loquat fruit enters the expansion period, the distance between the sunshade net and the tree crown is 50-100cm, the shading rate of the sunshade net is 50% -70%, and the shading time of the sunshade net is from ten am to fifteen pm. The comprehensive technical method capable of preventing the loquat from being burned by sun provided by the invention can enhance the disease resistance of the plants, reduce the occurrence of the phenomena of burning, gas burning, fruit cracking, navel rot and soft fruit, activate the immune system of the organism, slow down the aging of the fruits, improve the activity of polyphenol oxidase, enhance the characteristics of disease resistance, drought resistance and the like of the fruits, improve the quality of the fruits, improve the yield, lower the cost for preventing and treating the loquat from being burned by sun, and obviously improve the effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of loquat cultivation, in particular to a method for preventing loquat fruits from being sunburned.
Background
The loquat is a special fruit in south China, is mature in early summer, and is deeply loved by consumers due to excellent flavor, softness and juiciness. However, the loquat fruits are often exposed to high temperature of more than 30 ℃ in the mature period and continuous rainfall and other bad weather, and the high temperature causes the surfaces of the fruits to be sunburned. At present, sunscald is a main factor causing unstable yield of loquat, particularly white flesh loquat with thinner pericarp. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a method suitable for preventing sunscald.
The traditional control of the sunscald is realized by applying a bagging technology, but the problem of the sunscald cannot be effectively solved by bagging, and the sunscald is still high under the conditions of high illumination, low temperature and no wind. Meanwhile, the bagging cost is high (paper bags and manual bagging and bag removal), and the operation difficulty is high (most loquat gardens have high tree bodies and are planted on mountain slopes).
Therefore, there is a need to provide a new comprehensive technical method for preventing loquat from sunburn to solve the above technical problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a comprehensive technical method capable of preventing loquat from sunburn, and solves the technical problems of high cost and poor effect of loquat in sunburn prevention and treatment at present.
In order to solve the technical problems, the comprehensive technical method for preventing loquat from sunburn provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
white coating, light irradiation reduction, air humidity increase and Ca fertilizer increase.
Preferably, the air temperature is at least 28 ° when the loquat is white, and the loquat fruit enters the expansion period.
Preferably, the whitening is to coat a tree trunk with a whitening agent or to spray 1% -2% of lime water on the tree crown.
Preferably, the sunlight is reduced from direct incidence and is shielded by a sunshade net.
Preferably, the distance between the sunshade net and the crown is 50-100cm, and the shading rate of the sunshade net is 50-70%.
Preferably, the shading time of the shading net is between ten am and fifteen pm.
Preferably, straw is paved on the ground to increase air humidity, so that evaporation and moisture preservation of the ground are reduced.
Preferably, the thickness of the ground paved straw is 18-22 cm.
Preferably, the time for increasing the Ca fertilizer is combined with the growth season, the fruit is sprayed in the color changing period, and exogenous antioxidants are sprayed.
Preferably, the exogenous antioxidant is prepared from 500-1000mg/L calcium chloride, 100-200mg/L ascorbic acid (Vc), 150-300mgl Citric Acid (CA) and 50-150mg/L chitin.
Compared with the related art, the comprehensive technical method for preventing loquat from sunburn has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a comprehensive technical method capable of preventing loquat from sunburn, which can reduce the external conditions of sunburn, enhance the thickness and toughness of cell walls, enhance the disease resistance of plants, reduce the sunburn, the gas scorch, the fruit cracking, the navel rot and the soft fruit phenomenon, activate the immune system of organisms, slow down the fruit aging, improve the activity of polyphenol oxidase, enhance the disease resistance, drought resistance and other characteristics of fruits, improve the fruit quality and the yield.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following embodiments.
The comprehensive technical method for preventing loquat from sunburn comprises the following steps:
white coating, light irradiation reduction, air humidity increase and Ca fertilizer increase.
When the loquat is white, the air temperature is at least over 28 degrees, and the loquat fruits enter the expansion period.
The whitening is to paint a whitening agent on the trunk or spray 1 to 2 percent of lime water on the crown.
After the lime water is coated, 40% -70% of sunlight can be reflected because the lime is white, so that the trunk is not easy to crack if the temperature difference between day and night is not large.
Generally, the whitening agent is used in winter when the garden is cleared, but the former whitening agent falls off by about the middle ten days of april in summer, so the time is selected to be used for painting and whitening again.
And reducing direct sunlight and shading by adopting a shading net.
The distance between the sunshade net and the crown is 50-100cm, and the shading rate of the sunshade net is 50-70%.
After the sunshade net is used, light blocking, rain shielding, moisture preservation and cooling can be achieved, the communication speed between air in a covering area and the outside is reduced due to the cooling effect, the relative humidity of the air is obviously increased, the humidity increase value is the largest at noon and reaches 13-17%, the humidity is high, the soil evaporation capacity is reduced, and the soil humidity is increased.
The shading time of the shading net is between ten am and fifteen pm.
The influence on the loquat sunscald is large because the sunlight illumination is strong between ten am and fifteen pm, and the influence on the loquat sunscald is small because the illumination intensity is weak in the morning and evening.
The straw is paved on the ground to increase the air humidity, so that the evaporation moisture of the ground is reduced.
The thickness of the straw paved on the ground is 18-22 cm.
The straw is paved to be matched with the sunshade net for use, so that the moisturizing effect can be further improved, and meanwhile, the straw paving cost is low, and the effect is obvious.
The time for increasing the Ca fertilizer is combined with the growth season, the fruit is sprayed in the color changing period, and an exogenous antioxidant is sprayed.
In the color change period of fruits, the red sand series of varieties change from cyan to yellow, and the white sand series of varieties change from cyan to white.
The exogenous antioxidant is prepared from 500-1000mg/L calcium chloride, 100-200mg/L ascorbic acid (Vc), 150-300mgl Citric Acid (CA) and 50-150mg/L chitin.
The content of active oxygen (ROS) scavenging enzymes such as ascorbic Acid Peroxidase (APX) in seriously sunburned loquat fruits is reduced, and exogenous antioxidants can obviously improve the activities of Catalase (CAT), APX and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in loquat fruit tissues and slow down the damage of free radicals to a cell membrane system, so that the oxidation resistance of the fruits is improved, and the heat resistance of the epidermal tissues of the fruits is enhanced.
The chitin glucosamine hydrochloride is white crystal prepared by processing chitin through the processes of fermentation, precipitation, filtering, decoloration, concentration and the like. In the agricultural field, chitin glucosamine hydrochloride is often used as a plant growth regulating substance to regulate and control the growth of plants, effectively improve the internal circulation of crops, better convey nutrients to various tissues and development organs, activate the immune system of organisms, slow down the senescence of fruits, improve the activity of polyphenol oxidase, enhance the characteristics of fruit disease resistance, drought resistance and the like, improve the quality of fruits, and improve the yield.
Referring to the first and second tables, the first, second and third treatment groups are selected according to the above-mentioned different control measures,
the first treatment group is a control group, loquat trees without any prevention and treatment method are divided into four groups, the base number of each group is 100, and the four groups select four different illumination positions;
the second treatment group is respectively and correspondingly treating a prevention and treatment method, which comprises the steps of whitewashing, using a sunshade net, paving straws and combining with Ca fertilizer increasing treatment, wherein each prevention and treatment method has a base number of 100, and four groups select four positions in the same illumination direction;
the third treatment group is four groups, each group adopts whitewashing treatment, sunshade net is used, straw is paved, and Ca fertilizer is added for treatment, the base number of each group is 100, and the four groups select four different illumination positions.
Wherein the incidence rate of loquat sunscald is shown.
Watch 1
Watch two
In view of the incidence of loquat sunscald in the first and second tables,
the morbidity of the method without prevention is generally over 25 percent.
The single method has the effects that a sunshade net (6 percent) is generally used, Ca fertilizer (6 percent) is increased in a combined mode, white coating treatment (about 10 percent) is carried out, and straws (15 percent) are laid;
the comprehensive effect can be reduced to below 2 percent generally.
When a prevention and treatment method is adopted, the disease incidence effect is not obvious, and when a plurality of prevention and treatment measures are simultaneously adopted, the disease incidence of sunscald is effectively reduced, so that different prevention and treatment methods have strong matching relation, the whole treatment process is simple and convenient, the cost relative to bagging is obviously reduced, meanwhile, the treatment method is suitable according to local conditions, and if trees are planted on mountain slopes in a tall and big way, bagging is very troublesome, and the treatment method is relatively simple and safe.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes, which are made by the present specification, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A comprehensive technical method capable of preventing loquat from sunburn is characterized by comprising the following steps:
white coating, reducing direct sunlight, increasing air humidity and combining with Ca fertilizer.
2. A comprehensive technical method for preventing loquat sunscald as claimed in claim 1, wherein the air temperature is at least 28 ° or more when whitewashing, and loquat fruits enter the expansion period.
3. A comprehensive technical method for preventing loquat sunscald as claimed in claim 2, wherein the whitening is performed by applying a whitening agent to the trunk or spraying 1% -2% of lime water to the crown.
4. The comprehensive technical method for preventing loquat sunscald as claimed in claim 1, wherein a sunshade net is used to shade the flat ground or orchard with small slope by reducing direct sunlight.
5. A comprehensive technical method capable of preventing loquat sunscald as claimed in claim 4, wherein the sunshade net is set up 50-100cm above the crown, and the shading rate of the sunshade net is 50% -70%.
6. A comprehensive technical method for preventing loquat sunscald as claimed in claim 4, wherein the sunshade net is used for shading the sun from ten am to fifteen pm.
7. A comprehensive technical method for preventing loquat sunscald as claimed in claim 1, wherein straw is laid on the ground to increase air humidity, so as to reduce evaporation and moisture on the ground.
8. A comprehensive technical method for preventing loquat sunscald as claimed in claim 7, wherein the straw laid on the ground has a thickness of 18-22 cm.
9. The comprehensive technical method for preventing loquat sunscald as claimed in claim 1, wherein the time for adding Ca fertilizer is combined with the growth season, the fruit discoloration period is sprayed, and exogenous antioxidant is used cooperatively.
10. The comprehensive technical method for preventing loquat from sunburn as claimed in claim 9, wherein the exogenous antioxidant is prepared from 500-1000mg/L calcium chloride, 100-200mg/L ascorbic acid (Vc), 150-300 mg/L Citric Acid (CA) and 50-150mg/L chitin.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010277211.5A CN111543231A (en) | 2020-04-10 | 2020-04-10 | Comprehensive technical method capable of preventing loquat from being scorched |
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| CN202010277211.5A CN111543231A (en) | 2020-04-10 | 2020-04-10 | Comprehensive technical method capable of preventing loquat from being scorched |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116210730A (en) * | 2021-12-02 | 2023-06-06 | 四川省新兰月生物科技有限公司 | Pesticide composition for preventing sunscald of citrus |
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| CN116210730B (en) * | 2021-12-02 | 2024-04-02 | 四川省新兰月生物科技有限公司 | Pesticide composition for preventing sunscald of citrus |
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