CN111527857B

CN111527857B - A liquid manure integration system that is used for red soil hills kiwi fruit orchard to irrigate

Info

Publication number: CN111527857B
Application number: CN202010472449.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 马巧荣; 陈云娟; 梁恒博; 苟伊蓉; 王博美
Original assignee: Shaanxi Water And Fertilizer Integration Agricultural Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Shaanxi Water And Fertilizer Integration Agricultural Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-05-31
Filing date: 2020-05-31
Publication date: 2022-07-26
Anticipated expiration: 2040-05-31
Also published as: CN111527857A

Abstract

A water and fertilizer integrated system for irrigation of red soil and hilly kiwi fruit orchards comprises a water and fertilizer supply system and a field irrigation system. The water and fertilizer supply system consists of a computer operating platform, a fertilizer preparation tank and a reservoir, and the field irrigation system consists of a double-pipeline device, a V-shaped plate and an atomizing nozzle which are paved in the whole field. This liquid manure integration system utilizes the intertidal ditching to lay and drips irrigation the pipeline, and the pipeline top is equipped with the water catch bowl, can collect the rainwater and get into the pipeline, and during the orchard arid, can realize retaining, irrigate, fertilize, spout medicine four powerful simultaneously through liquid manure integration system. The method solves the problem of waterlogging of kiwi fruits planted in the rainy land blocks in red soil hills, can realize remote water and fertilizer integrated supply, has high automation degree and accurate water and fertilizer control, provides nutrition guarantee, disease prevention and control and water management for the growth of kiwi fruits, reduces the field management burden, and saves water resources.

Description

A liquid manure integration system that is used for red soil hills kiwi fruit orchard to irrigate

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of orchard irrigation and fertilization devices, and relates to water and fertilizer integrated equipment, in particular to water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation equipment suitable for irrigation of a red soil hilly kiwi fruit orchard.

Background

The kiwi fruit belongs to perennial deciduous vine plants, and the overground part branches have large growth amount, high growth speed, large leaves, thin leaf surface cuticle and long stomatal opening time, so the overground part moisture evaporation amount is large. The root system of the underground part is a fleshy root system, and is vertically distributed shallow in the soil, horizontally distributed widely and well-developed in fibrous root. The characteristics determine that the kiwi fruit needs stricter growth environment and fertilizer and water regulation compared with other common fruit trees. The kiwi fruits are suitable for growing in a soil environment with deep soil layer, high organic matter content, looseness, air permeability, drought resistance in drainage, fertility, impoverishment, waterlogging, moisture preference and subacid to neutral soil so as to adapt to the characteristics of shallow roots and large transpiration moisture content.

The kiwi fruits have strict requirements on water, are favorable for moistening and ventilating soil conditions, are afraid of drought and waterlogging, and therefore, the maintenance of proper soil humidity is very important for the normal growth and development of the kiwi fruits. The texture is sticky or the groundwater level is high, or the low-lying land section in red soil hilly orchard, often because the spring rainwater is more, kiwi fruit garden ponding easily. The root system of the kiwi fruit is a fleshy root which is most forbidden to accumulate water, and the root system is easy to die due to oxygen deficiency, and the whole plant is withered seriously. Therefore, the southern kiwi fruit garden mostly adopts high-ridge cultivation, and ditches among rows are drained, but the inter-row ditches influence field operation on the one hand, and waste redundant rainfall on the other hand.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the technical problems, the invention provides a water and fertilizer integrated system for kiwi fruit irrigation, which is characterized in that a drip irrigation pipeline is laid by utilizing inter-row furrowing, so that the problem of waterlogging damage of kiwi fruits planted in low-lying areas with sticky texture or high underground water level or in red soil hilly orchards is solved, rainwater is collected at the same time, the pipeline can realize remote water and fertilizer integrated supply, the automation degree is high, the water and fertilizer control is accurate, four functions of water storage, irrigation, fertilization and pesticide spraying can be realized simultaneously, the nutrition guarantee, disease prevention and control and water management are provided for the growth of the kiwi fruits, the field management burden is reduced, and the water resource is saved.

The kiwi fruit water and fertilizer integrated system is realized by the following technical scheme:

a water and fertilizer integrated system for irrigation of red soil hilly kiwi fruit orchards comprises a water and fertilizer supply system and a field irrigation system, wherein the water and fertilizer supply system consists of a computer operating platform, a fertilizer preparation tank and a reservoir, the field irrigation system consists of a double-pipeline device, a V-shaped plate and an atomizing nozzle which are laid in the whole field, the water and fertilizer supply system is connected with the field irrigation system through a pipeline with an electromagnetic valve and a pumping device, and the pumping device is provided with a two-way switch, so that pumping power can be provided for irrigation, and meanwhile, rainwater accumulated in the field can be pumped and collected into the reservoir;

further, join in marriage fertile jar and have vertical agitating unit, the upper end is connected the motor, and motor power generation drives agitating unit work, and the switching of motor is controlled by the computer, and pumping installations, flow monitor, solenoid valve's electric power is provided by this motor among this liquid manure integrated system, joins in marriage fertile tank deck portion and is equipped with into fertile mouthful, and the lateral wall is equipped with out fertile mouthful and fertile water flow monitor, and has the filter layer on going out fertile mouthful.

Furthermore, the water storage tank is positioned at the bottom of the fertilizer preparation tank and buried underground, a water inlet (outlet) is formed in the part exposed out of the ground, the water inlet (outlet) is connected with a field irrigation system through a pipeline through a pumping device, and rainwater accumulated in the field is sucked into the water storage tank through the pumping device to be stored in rainy seasons. When fertilizer preparation and irrigation are needed, a pipeline is externally connected, a water inlet (outlet) of the water storage pool is connected with a water filling port of the fertilizer preparation tank, water in the water storage pool is pumped into the fertilizer preparation tank through a pumping device, a water level meter is arranged at the water inlet (outlet), a pipeline with an electromagnetic valve and connected with the fertilizer preparation tank is arranged at one end of the water storage pool, and the double-pipeline device is arranged at the other end of the water storage pool.

Further, the double-pipeline device of laying in whole field divide into trunk line and lateral conduit, and the trunk line is laid perpendicularly in the ground with the kiwi fruit row, and the lateral conduit is laid between the row, settles in the escape canal between the row, and pipeline diameter 25-30cm establishes double-barrelled in the lateral conduit is inside, divides two-layer from top to bottom, is equipped with temperature and humidity sensor on the pipeline, and the lateral wall of lateral conduit is equipped with angle regulation's atomizer, is equipped with solenoid valve between lateral conduit and the trunk line, through the selective switching solenoid valve, can realize the conversion of fertile liquid, pesticide or irrigation water in the shower nozzle.

Furthermore, an openable and closable V-shaped plate is arranged on the pipeline in the branch pipeline of the pipeline device, two wings of the V-shaped plate are hidden inside the pipeline device through folding, a filter screen is arranged at the bottom of the V-shaped plate, the V-shaped plate is 25-30cm wide when being unfolded, the V-shaped plate is pushed away towards two sides when the rainy season comes, the folding wings are opened, a rainwater collecting groove is formed in the top of the pipeline, and redundant rainwater enters the pipeline through the filter screen. The filter screen can avoid debris such as sand and stone, leaf to get into the pipeline and cause the jam.

Furthermore, the atomizing nozzle is connected with the connector capable of adjusting the angle on the outer side of the pipeline device on two sides in the pipeline device, the connector can rotate to a maximum angle of 90 degrees with the ground, and the connector can rotate to a minimum angle of 45 degrees with the ground. The switching of fertile liquid, pesticide in the shower nozzle, or irrigation water is realized to the solenoid valve switching of accessible atomizer.

Better, atomizer's use can be launched according to the actual plant spacing of field fruit tree, respectively have the atomizer of an adjustable switching and angle under making each kiwi fruit tree crown, irrigation height and radius among the irrigation process can be adjusted through pumping device's water pressure, irrigation volume passes through the fruit tree and grows the trend and judges, selectively opens or stops the electromagnetic valve of corresponding shower nozzle to effectively practice thrift liquid manure use amount, and the rate of utilization is improved, makes root system nutrition absorption more balanced, and liquid manure control is more accurate, reasonable.

Preferably, the fertilizer water flow monitor can monitor the total amount of fertilizer water flowing out of the fertilizer preparation tank in real time, the electromagnetic valve can remotely control the opening and closing of each branch pipeline and the main pipeline through the computer, the temperature and humidity sensor can monitor the field temperature and humidity in real time and feed back data to the computer, and the computer receives the field temperature and humidity information fed back by the sensor, combines the standards given by management personnel, controls the opening and closing of the electromagnetic valve according to local conditions and time conditions, and determines operation measures such as nutrition supply, disease prevention and control, water management and the like.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. this liquid manure integration system carries out optimization transformation through the piping installation who lays to the field, can realize retaining, irrigates, fertilizeing, spouts medicine four powerful ability simultaneously, can effectively guarantee the suitable temperature in field, humidity, effectively prevents and treats plant diseases and insect pests, alleviates field management's burden, and the water economy resource improves liquid manure utilization efficiency.

2. Utilize computer system and pumping installations, drip irrigation equipment's solenoid valve, temperature and humidity sensor to establish signal connection, realized the intelligent of kiwi fruit orchard irrigation and controlled, but the switch of remote control field irrigation equipment, real time monitoring fertilizer water flow and field temperature and humidity control irrigation time and irrigation volume.

3. The field pipeline device is provided with the atomizing spray head which is controlled by the electromagnetic valve and can be adjusted in angle, the spray head is started according to actual production needs, water, fertilizer and pesticide are irrigated to kiwi fruits, the nutrition of the fruit trees is absorbed evenly by the spraying angle, the kiwi fruits are supplied according to needs, accurate irrigation is achieved, and the field use flexibility is improved. Meanwhile, the improved pipeline device can store water in rainy season, manpower and material resources are saved, and filter layers are arranged in the pipeline and each water outlet, so that the phenomenon that the pipeline is blocked due to field sundries is effectively avoided. The invention has better economic benefit and market value and is suitable for popularization and application.

Description of the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a water and fertilizer integrated system for red soil hilly kiwi fruit orchard irrigation according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a fertilizer preparation tank and a reservoir in the invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a field branch pipe double-pipe apparatus according to the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a double tube apparatus according to the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of an atomizer according to the present invention;

in the figure, 1-a computer operation table, 2-a fertilizer preparation tank, 3-a water storage tank, 4-a pipeline device, 5-an electromagnetic valve, 6-an atomizing nozzle, 7-a temperature and humidity sensor, 8-a stirring device, 9-a fertilizer inlet, 10-a fertilizer outlet, 11-a fertilizer water flow monitor, 12-a water inlet (outlet), 13-a water level meter, 14-a water storage pipeline, 15-a fertilizer water (pesticide) pipeline, 16-a motor, 17-a pumping device and 18-a filter screen

19-a temperature and humidity sensor fixing frame, 20-a main pipeline, 21-a branch pipeline, 22- "V" shaped plates, 23- "V" shaped plate side wings, 24-an atomizing nozzle rotatable joint, 25-a joint and 26-a telescopic plate.

Detailed Description

The invention and its effects will be further explained with reference to the drawings and the embodiments.

As shown in figure 1, the water and fertilizer integrated system for irrigation of the red soil hilly kiwi fruit orchard comprises a water and fertilizer supply system and a field irrigation system, wherein the water and fertilizer supply system comprises a computer operation table 1, a fertilizer preparation tank 2 and a water storage tank 3, the field irrigation system comprises a double pipeline device 4, a V-shaped plate 22 and an atomizing spray head 6 which are paved in the whole field, and the water and fertilizer supply system is connected with the field irrigation system through a pipeline with an electromagnetic valve and a pumping device.

The top of the fertilizer preparation tank is provided with a fertilizer inlet 9, a longitudinal stirring device 8 is arranged in the fertilizer preparation tank, and the side wall of the fertilizer preparation tank is provided with a fertilizer outlet 10 and a fertilizer water flow monitor 11. One end of the reservoir 3 is connected with the fertilizer preparation tank 2 through a pipeline provided with an electromagnetic valve 5, the other end of the reservoir is connected with a field irrigation system through a pumping device 17, a water level meter 13 is arranged at a water inlet and a water outlet, the pipeline device comprises a main pipeline 20 and branch pipelines 21, two pipes are arranged in the pipeline and divided into an upper layer and a lower layer, temperature and humidity sensors 7 are arranged on the pipelines, atomizing nozzles 6 with adjustable angles are arranged on the side walls of the branch pipelines, and the electromagnetic valve 5 is arranged between the branch pipelines 21 and the main pipeline 20. The water and fertilizer supply system is connected with the field irrigation system through a pipeline with an electromagnetic valve 5 and a pumping device 17.

The first embodiment is as follows:

a pipeline device 4 is laid between fruit tree rows in a kiwi fruit garden, an atomizing spray head is arranged under each single tree crown, a certain number of temperature and humidity sensors 7 are arranged according to needs, necessary parameters are set on the temperature and humidity sensors 7, and signal connection is established between the temperature and humidity sensors and a computer. When the field needs irrigation, a pipeline between the water storage tank 3 and the pumping device 17 is connected, water in the water storage tank 3 is pumped into the fertilizer preparation tank 2 through the pumping device 17, the volume of the water injected into the fertilizer preparation tank is monitored through the flow monitor 11 of the pumping device, weighed solid or other fertilizers with a certain proportion are injected into the fertilizer preparation tank 2 from the fertilizer inlet 9, the motor 16 is started to enable the fertilizer liquid to be fully mixed, the flow monitor 10, the pumping device 16 and the electromagnetic valve 5 are started, the pressure of the pumping device is adjusted, the irrigation quantity is controlled, the electromagnetic valve 5 connected with the atomizing nozzle 6 and the fertilizer water (pesticide) pipeline 15 is started to start operation, when the field humidity reaches a certain value through irrigation, the temperature and humidity sensor 7 feeds data back to the computer, the electromagnetic valve 5 is closed, and the atomizing nozzle 6, the pumping device 17 and the flow monitor 10 stop working.

Similarly, when the pesticide needs to be sprayed in the field, the other steps are consistent with the process except that the additive is changed into the pesticide with a certain proportion.

Sometimes, when the field needs to be properly irrigated to reduce the temperature and keep proper humidity due to dry and hot weather, the control electromagnetic valve 5 of the pipeline connected with the fertilizer preparation tank 2 is closed, the electromagnetic valve 5 for controlling the water inlet (outlet) 12 of the water storage tank 3 to the field in the pumping device 17 is opened, and the electromagnetic valve 5 for controlling the atomizing spray head 6 to be connected with the water storage pipeline 14 is started, so that the field only obtains proper irrigation.

Furthermore, the water pressure and the flow of the pumping device 17 and the opening, closing and angle of the field atomizing nozzle 6 can be adjusted in real time according to the growth vigor of the kiwi fruit trees in the field and the data acquired by the temperature and humidity sensor 7 in the operation process, so that the accurate regulation and control of the water, the fertilizer and the pesticide can be realized.

Further as shown in fig. 2, a vertical stirring device 8 is arranged in the tank body of the fertilizer preparation tank 2, the upper end of the vertical stirring device is connected with a motor 16, the motor generates electricity to drive the stirring device 8 to work, the opening and closing of the motor is controlled by the computer 1, and the power of each electric device in the water and fertilizer integrated system is provided by the motor 16. After pouring into the rich water that the configuration is good, start agitating unit 8 and can make the abundant mixing of fertilizer liquid, the filter screen 18 that is located out fertile mouthful 10 has further blockked the outflow of fertilizer granule, avoids the pipe blockage, and the plant root system of also being convenient for simultaneously absorbs, improves the liquid manure utilization ratio. The water storage tank 3 is connected with a pipeline 14 connected with a pumping device 17, and the rainwater accumulated in the field can be recycled by utilizing the power provided by the pumping device, so that manpower and material resources are saved.

Further as shown in fig. 3, an openable and closable "V" shaped plate 22 is arranged on the pipeline 14 in the branch pipeline 21, two wings 23 of the "V" shaped plate are hidden inside the pipeline device by being folded, a filter screen 18 is arranged at the bottom of the "V" shaped plate, and when a rainy season comes, the unfolded "V" shaped plate 22 can form a rain collecting device to collect redundant rainwater in the field for irrigation in a dry season, so that the damage of the kiwi root system caused by excessive humidity in the field is avoided.

Further, as shown in fig. 5, the atomizing nozzles are located at both sides of the top of the branch pipe, facing to the inner side of the pipe device, and are respectively connected with the pipe 14 and the pipe 15 by two electromagnetic valves; the one end towards the plumbing installation outside links to each other with an adjustable angle's joint, and the rotatable biggest angle of this joint is for being 90 degrees angles with ground, and the minimum is for being 45 degrees angles with ground. Through the switching of solenoid valve, realize the conversion of fertilizer liquid, pesticide or irrigation water in the shower nozzle. Can launch according to the actual plant spacing of field fruit tree, make each have the atomizer of an adjustable switching and angle under the crown of a tree of kiwi fruit tree, irrigate height and radius among the process and can adjust through pumping installations's water pressure, whether need irrigate, can judge through the fruit tree growth vigor, selectively open or stop the electromagnetic valve of corresponding shower nozzle to effectively practice thrift liquid manure use amount, increase operation rate, it is more balanced to make root system nutrition absorb, liquid manure control is more accurate, reasonable.

The above embodiments are merely exemplary and do not limit the use of the present invention, and it should be noted that those skilled in the art should recognize that other equivalent variations and modifications can be made in the teachings of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A water and fertilizer integrated system for irrigation of red soil hilly kiwi fruit orchards is characterized by comprising a water and fertilizer supply system and a field irrigation system, wherein the water and fertilizer supply system comprises a computer operating platform, a fertilizer preparation tank and a reservoir, the field irrigation system comprises a double-pipeline device, a V-shaped plate and an atomization nozzle which are laid all over the field, the water and fertilizer supply system is connected with the field irrigation system through a pipeline with an electromagnetic valve and a pumping device, and the pumping device is provided with a two-way switch, so that pumping power can be provided for irrigation, and rainwater accumulated in the field can be pumped and collected into the reservoir;

the water storage tank is positioned at the bottom of the fertilizer preparation tank and buried underground, a water inlet and a water outlet are arranged on the part exposed out of the ground, the water inlet and the water outlet of the water storage tank are connected with a field irrigation system through a pipeline by a pumping device, rainwater can be sucked into the water storage tank through the pumping device for storage, when fertilizer preparation and irrigation are needed, a pipeline is externally connected, the water inlet and the water outlet of the water storage tank are connected with a water filling port of the fertilizer preparation tank, water in the water storage tank is pumped into the fertilizer preparation tank through the pumping device, a water level meter is arranged at the water inlet and the water outlet, a pipeline with an electromagnetic valve and connected with the fertilizer preparation tank is arranged at one end of the water storage tank, and the double-pipeline device is arranged at the other end of the water storage tank;

the double-pipeline device laid in the whole field is divided into a main pipeline and branch pipelines, wherein double pipes are arranged in the pipelines and divided into an upper layer and a lower layer, the pipelines are provided with temperature and humidity sensors, the side walls of the branch pipelines are provided with atomizing nozzles with adjustable angles, and an electromagnetic valve is arranged between the branch pipelines and the main pipeline;

the pipeline in the branch pipeline of the pipeline device is provided with an openable V-shaped plate, two wings of the V-shaped plate are hidden inside the pipeline device through folding, a filter screen is arranged at the bottom of the V-shaped plate, the V-shaped plate is unfolded to be 25-30cm wide, when a rainy season comes, the V-shaped plate is pushed to two sides, the folding wings are opened, a rain collecting groove is formed in the top of the pipeline, redundant rainwater enters the pipeline through the filter screen, field waterlogging is avoided, and the filter screen can prevent sand, stones, leaves and other sundries from entering the pipeline to cause blockage.

2. The water and fertilizer integrated system for irrigating red soil hilly kiwi fruit orchard according to claim 1, wherein a longitudinal stirring device is arranged in the fertilizer preparation tank, a motor is connected to the upper end of the fertilizer preparation tank, the motor generates electricity to drive the stirring device to work, the opening and closing of the motor are controlled by a computer, the electric power of a pumping device, a flow monitor and an electromagnetic valve in the water and fertilizer integrated system is provided by the motor, a fertilizer inlet is formed in the top of the fertilizer preparation tank, a fertilizer outlet and a fertilizer water flow monitor are formed in the side wall of the fertilizer preparation tank, and a filter layer is arranged on the fertilizer outlet.

3. The water and fertilizer integrated system for red soil hilly kiwi fruit orchard irrigation according to claim 1, wherein the main pipeline is vertically laid on the ground along with kiwi fruit rows, the branch pipelines are laid between the rows and arranged in drainage ditches between the rows, the diameters of the pipelines are 25-30cm, the atomizing nozzles are positioned on two sides of the tops of the branch pipelines, the atomizing nozzles are connected with two pipelines on the inner side of the pipeline device through electromagnetic valves, and the electromagnetic valves are selectively opened and closed, so that conversion of fertilizer liquid, pesticide or irrigation water in the nozzles can be realized.

4. The water and fertilizer integrated system for red soil hilly kiwi fruit orchard irrigation according to claim 1, wherein said atomizer is connected with the pipeline and the pipeline by two electromagnetic valves at one side inside the pipeline device, and is connected with an angle-adjustable joint at the outer side of the pipeline device, the maximum angle of rotation of the joint is 90 degrees with the ground, and the minimum angle is 45 degrees with the ground, and the conversion of fertilizer liquid, pesticide or irrigation water in the atomizer can be realized by opening and closing the electromagnetic valves.

5. The water and fertilizer integrated system for red soil hilly kiwi fruit orchard irrigation according to claim 1, characterized in that the use of the atomizing spray heads can be started according to the actual plant spacing of fruit trees in the field, so that an atomizing spray head with adjustable opening, closing and angle is arranged under each crown of each kiwi fruit tree, the irrigation height and radius in the irrigation process can be adjusted through the water pressure of a pumping device, whether irrigation is needed or not can be realized, and the electromagnetic valves of the corresponding spray heads can be opened or stopped, so that the use amount of water and fertilizer is effectively saved, the utilization rate is improved, the root system nutrition absorption is more balanced, and the water and fertilizer control is more accurate and reasonable.