RU2736640C1 - Method for drip irrigation of perennial plantations of slope lands - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: land reclamation.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of land reclamation on sloping lands. Method involves drip irrigation of perennial plantations of slope lands arranged on a distributing pipeline with inclusion of a discharge tube or a hose connected through a tee-piece, and an annular unclosed drainage system with droppers placed on it. Each open drainage system in places of removal from discharge watering tube is made in form of vertical rigid plastic riser connected to unclosed flexible irrigation plastic rigid tube, ends of which are equipped with short rigid corrosion resistant adapter fittings made of polymer material with possibility of fixation of each of them by means of fixed clamps arranged on external surface of put ends of non-closed flexible irrigation plastic rigid tube. At that free ends of short rigid fitting-adapters are interconnected by means of corrugated elastic couplings with yokes. Each watering plastic rigid tube is additionally fixed by female hinges on its surface with rods also from rigid polymer material with attached tightening detachable power belt with a latch of wear-resistant plastic material at its attachment height with possibility of embracing the tree bole. At that, each irrigation rigid plastic tube has holes, on the surface of the tube the resiliently strong elements in the form of put pipes of the same length are placed with the covering end, which inner part is equipped with tubular porous material, providing possibility of flow and water flow braking with equal speed through ends of put pipes with drip irrigation. Each vertical rigid riser connected to deflecting irrigation tube is equipped with adjusting ball valve.

EFFECT: method provides for top-down humidification of woody plants and automatic release of inter-stratum space on the ground upon completion of watering and unobstructed performance of works in inter-stratum space during inter-irrigation period.

4 cl, 1 ex, 8 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a comprehensive reclamation of an agricultural landscape on the slopes of a ravine and will find application to provide drip irrigation of perennial plantations of fruit trees, as well as other plantations in places where terraces are used when developing slopes and irrigation with low irrigation rates on slope lands, as well as vineyards, in greenhouses, forest nurseries and personal plots.

The proposed technical solution is intended, first of all, for the creation of new and reconstruction of the operated irrigation systems for the organization of drip irrigation when growing perennial trees in gardens, nurseries and park areas, and where special areas with an even surface in the form of narrow terraces on the slopes of the ravine from the top to soles.

In general, for the correct choice of the method, both for strengthening and with small doses of watering a tree, the structure of the soil, the degree of slope, the proximity of groundwater, the likelihood of natural destruction - landslides, undermining, shedding must be taken into account.

If for a gentle slope it is enough to plant shrubs that anchor the soil with their horses, then the steep slopes of ravines require special preparation sites (areas) in the form of narrow terraces and structures for their strengthening, in order to determine the watering of trees of various species composition with small irrigation doses.

An example is the "Patriarch's Garden" of the city of Vladimir, a slope ravine, made in an open circle of a cascade of such terraces from the top to its bottom, and in the center of the bottom of the ravine there is a flat recreation area with a fountain and a small artificial pool where small fish swim, where people cities and tourists visit the blooming garden during the seasonal period (the city of Vladimir, belongs to the “Golden Ring of Russia).

Here, on different parts of the terraces (an area of about 4 hectares of land), various tree plantations of different species composition, flower plantations, and closed glazed greenhouses built on a hill grow. Nature has created a slope ravine for the growth of: cherry, apple, pear, pine, spruce, as well as shrubs and numerous other plants, which in general makes the garden complete with its own design for the use of a new technical proposal. It should be borne in mind that the method of drip irrigation along the rows of trees should not only provide moistening of the space around the tree on the terrace, but there should be no interference with soil cultivation and other types of work (like mowing grass, tree care, harvesting, etc. .) service personnel of this facility; its respectively design for recreation of people and tourists, wedding events, where watering is carried out at the facility within the feeding zone of the root zone of trees on narrow terraces. In particular, each adult tree, starting from planting and further in its growth, requires watering at the rate of 50 liters with a single watering, taking into account the duration of the watering time, and this will be at least half an hour or more, therefore, each dropper must pass through itself, where up to 4 l / h.

Thus, the "Patriarshy Garden" is a good example of a multilevel slope ravine of an open type towards the river. Klyazma, Vladimir, on the banks of the river, which it was built in ancient times. The garden itself, with terraces, is also designed in the form of an agrolandscape design, where the applicant, along with pedestrian staircases with handrails already arranged along the entire height from top to bottom, the applicant proposed to exclude manual unproductive watering of trees from hoses during the operation of this territory, which is mainly used in spring-summer-autumn periods for tourism, recreation, sightseeing visits for schoolchildren and students, wedding events, so the territory is quite well equipped, etc., therefore, constant care is needed, both for trees and shrubs and flower plants.

The dependence of the growth of trees in gardens is related to the soil with the help of the root system and their size under the crown.

In addition, one of the main requirements is also the elimination of obstacles to the service personnel, namely, spring trenching of trees with loosening the soil, mowing the grass, cleaning weeds, caring for trees, preserving the surface structure of the created narrow terraces from erosion and erosion on the slopes of the ravine and etc., as well as withstand the design of the garden as a whole.

All this with root irrigation can be provided today by progressive drip irrigation technology (recognized all over the world), which rightfully takes an increasing place in the Russian market. This is not only advanced, but also relevant technology in the context of the state import substitution program.

There is a known drip irrigation system (FR No. 2642934), which includes a network of distribution pipelines supplying water to irrigation pipelines located in the alignment of a number of plants and equipped with outlets in the form of capillary tubes that provide damping of the pressure when the water is released before the drip outflow.

It is known that with drip irrigation, it is necessary to moisten from 10 to 50% of the irrigated feeding area (Yasonidi O.E.Drip irrigation in the North Caucasus / O.E. Yasonidi. - Rostov n / D., 1987. - 80 p. /. V In this regard, the disadvantage of the known network according to FR No. 2642934 is the location of irrigation pipelines and droppers placed on them in the alignment of a number of plants. With such an arrangement of drip devices, water supply around the tree trunk is not ensured. That does not allow moisture in the soil layer of the drip moistening circuit for under-crown irrigation in the allotted plant nutrition area.

The known method of drip irrigation of gardens, providing for laying pipelines along the rows of trees with droppers at the rate of 3 droppers per tree with the formation of a continuous strip of moisture (Ovchinnikov A.S. Drip irrigation of an apple orchard of intensive type on sod-podzolic soils of the Moscow region / A.S. Ovchinnikov, V.V.Borodychev, D.E. Kucher, A.V. Shurovili / Bulletin of the Lower Volga agro-university complex: science and higher professional education. - 2016. - No. 2. - P. 211-220).

The disadvantage of this method of drip irrigation is the location of irrigation pipelines with droppers along the rows of trees.

At the same time, the droppers intended for watering one tree, located in the alignment of a number of plants, do not provide moisture for a given circular area around the tree trunk, in which most of the root system is located under the crown.

There is a known method for drip irrigation in the form of a mobile subsurface moistening, the drip injectors of which are located around the trunk of a woody plant within the root zone and are connected to their supply capacity using flexible drainage hoses, which makes it possible to moisten the required share of the plant nutrition area both in a private and in the inter-row space (Patent RU No. 2481765, A01G 25/02 dated 20.09.2013).

The disadvantages of this method are: the placement of drip injectors and water supply tubes in the inter-row space, which interfere with the production of maintenance and other types of work (as noted above), requiring the involvement of agricultural equipment, the need to move the device when watering within the plant nutrition zone (on narrow terraces this is difficult to do in general), as well as the inadequacy of drip irrigation of trees grown on narrow terraces, created for ravines with large differences in height.

Also known are humidifiers for drip irrigation systems, subsurface irrigation (Inventor's certificates SU: No. 516377, A01G 25/02, В05В 1/20 dated 06/05/2010; No. 740197, A01G 25/02 dated 06/17/1980; No. 967407, A01G 25 / 02 dated 28.10.1982; No. 1634184, A01G 25/02 dated 15.03.1991; No. 1667744, A01G 26/06 dated 07.08.1991).

However, such methods of drip irrigation are low-tech, laborious to manufacture, interfere with the production of maintenance and other types of work that require additional work when watering within the plant nutrition zone, as well as the holes of the droppers are clogged with soil and overgrown with the root system with vegetation in the absence of flushing for a long time operation and are difficult to maintain, as a result of which they are not sufficiently adapted for drip irrigation of trees grown on narrow terraces, created for ravines with large elevation differences.

There is also known a method of drip irrigation when growing crops in plant growing (Patent RU No. 2142700, A01G 25/02 from 20.12.1999), where the dropper is located above the ground with water supply from an irrigation source. The dropper has a zigzag channel inside the tube for connecting inlet outlets with a predetermined ratio of its length.

However, this kind of dropper device, in passing the flow of liquid through a zigzag-shaped channel, slows down the flow, they can quickly become clogged with chemical elements in the form of excess content of bile, saline and other clogging components, in the bed their holes will be clogged and reduce the water supply with a specific type of watered tree, where the supply of water requires more than others, for example, shrubs or flower plants, are not available for inspection, and replacement in the event of an exit will additionally increase the cost both for a separately planted tree and for the entire system.

There is also known a method of a mobile subsurface humidifier for local irrigation (Patent RU No. 2481765, A01G 25/02 dated 05/20/2013), where an intra-soil injector with a perforated part, a mesh filter and a shut-off valve is used to ensure water saturation of the entire root area.

However, the placement of drip injectors and water supply pipes in the inter-row space interfere with the production of maintenance and other types of work that require the involvement of agricultural machinery; the need to disconnect the irrigation pipes after irrigation within the plant nutrition zone; in addition, if possible, with prolonged operation, there may be deposits in the injectors of chemical elements in the form of excess compounds of ferruginous, salt and other contaminating components, and reducing the water supply with a specific type of irrigated plant, and this increases the cost of the system.

There are also known methods of capillary irrigation for closed ground fruit trees and vineyards (Patent RU No. 252338, A01G 25/06 from 10.11.2014); Irrigation network for irrigation of slope lands (Inventor's certificate 5U No. 1304785, A01G 25/02 dated 04.23.1987); Irrigation of fruit trees and shrubs on the slopes of the ravine is a system of intra-soil focal irrigation (Patent RU No. 2337528, A01G 25/00 from 10.11.2008).

However, these technical proposals do not consider the construction of terraces and watering is carried out with special humidifiers with holes at the end, which leads to additional manual labor, it is necessary to overcome the root system of trees in the formed compacted soil, while there are large pressure losses of the devices used, and are also limited in water supply.

There is also known a method of irrigation of fruit trees and shrubs on the slopes of a ravine, including the use of a water source, water distribution units, distribution and irrigation irrigation pipelines, water measuring equipment, a device for mixing and dosing fertilizers, a water intake, while the irrigation system at the water source is equipped with a pump, filter, hydraulically connected with a pressure storage tank with an adjustable tap, a water meter on the main pipeline and a distribution pipeline with a water distribution unit, each water supply pipe with adjustable taps is hydraulically connected to an irrigation polyethylene pipeline by means of a water intake, which is made in the form of a closed container and is equipped in its lower part with a housing with equalizing chamber and with two floats of different shapes, one of which in its lower part in the equalizing chamber is made in the form of a biconvex lens, and the lower part of the body in the form of an outlet pipe is carried out by means of a threaded connection, while the second float is performed in the cavity of the body and is located in the lower part of the container, and the lower part of the body in the form of an outlet pipe is connected by means of a threaded connection to the body with the upper part of the balance chamber, the outlet pipe of the body is made with a conical locking device with a conical with a needle, which is connected to a spherical element with a conical needle in the inlet pipe installed in the body, the body is made spherical, and the side walls of the outlet pipe are made with holes connected by drainage tubular channels to the container, while the equalizing chamber is made with a recess in the form of a spherical segment with by placing a biconvex lens of the float, with a sphere radius equal to or less than the radius of the lens of the lower float, while the distribution pipeline is laid on the ground surface towards the slope of the ravine, and polyethylene irrigation pipelines are laid to a depth of 20-30 cm from the top the ground, and irrigation pipelines are placed along the centerline of the terrace planting at a distance of 0.5-0.8 m, the droppers are made of a polymer material that is resistant to corrosion, and they are placed on top above the surface of the earth, and watering is carried out in accordance with the agronomic terms of formation and plant development, while the controlled water distribution unit at the junction with the water supply pipes is installed on the surface of the earth (Patent RU No. 2683520, A01G 25/00, A01G 25/06 dated 12.04.2018).

However, despite its wide capabilities, the irrigation method is structurally complicated, and the operation of the droppers depends on its design, which complicates its manufacture and maintenance in operation of drip irrigation. In addition, the known drip irrigation method lacks the versatility of droppers. Moreover, in a specific example for watering trees, droppers are located in the alignment of a row of trees. With such an arrangement of drip devices, water supply around the tree trunk is not provided for the spread of moisture into the inter-row space, which does not allow to provide moisture for about 25-50% of the allotted food area due to the root system.

The closest analogue, which is taken as a prototype, is a kit for under-crown irrigation of gardens and nurseries, which includes a water supply pipeline with ring outlets located around the stem of the plant, on which sprinklers are located (Patent No. 112596, A01G 25/09 dated 20.01.2012) ...

The known technical solution, due to the location of irrigation devices not in the alignment of a number of plants, but at a certain distance around the stem of the plant, allows watering the inter-row space of perennial plantings and ensure the required percentage of moisture in the area of their nutrition.

The disadvantage of the irrigation complex adopted as a prototype is the location of the elements of the irrigation network and water outlets in the inter-row space directly on top of the ground around the tree trunk, which prevents maintenance and other types of work related to tree digging (loosening), mowing grass, tree care, etc. .P. in the inter-row space and the movement of the irrigation set to another position is carried out by a team of workers manually, is also a disadvantage of the prototype. Another main disadvantage is that it is also difficult to maintain, since watering of trees is limited by the area along the width of the narrowest terraces in the practice of developing ravines with large differences in height, which means that the functionality of the drip irrigation system is reduced. Thus, the known drip irrigation system does not consider the construction of terraces, when it is necessary to place part of the distribution pipelines under the ground at a certain depth, and the other irrigation part with droppers, on the contrary, to raise it above the ground to a certain height with the possibility of its convenient maintenance, when such objects are not possible to increase the number of workers, which is limited for reasons of the cost of the work performed, respectively, and the possible maintenance of the irrigation system (an example is the service, mainly of women, of the “Patriarchal Garden” of the city of Vladimir). Hence, watering of trees is carried out by hose pipes connected to the city water supply system (not controlled water overrun), i.e. watering in advance exceeds the rate of water consumption for each tree, in particular, the surface of the land relief on the terraces is washed out, even when terracing with perennial plantations with different tree species, and this causes difficulties in maintaining irrigation to slope ravines with complex terrain (terrain) relief, which reduces efficiency of work and preservation of the slope of the ravine as a whole, as well as watering around the trunk of trees. It should be noted that the deflector nozzles of the sector action with the given angles of the irrigation sectors wash out the slopes of narrow terraces in the area of moistening of perennial plantations, while for drip irrigation this drawback is absent in general, and there is also no possibility in the prototype of the regulated water supply over the root zone of the tree.

The technical task is to develop a method designed for drip irrigation of perennial plantations, which allows, moistens woody plants from above and automatically frees up the inter-row space on the ground at the end of irrigation, in addition, drip irrigation of perennial plants is carried out by the drip irrigation method, in which moistening is performed around the trunk of the tree and ensure the unimpeded performance of maintenance and other types of work in the inter-row space during the inter-irrigation period.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the method of drip irrigation of perennial plantations of slope lands, arranged on a distribution pipeline and including a discharge tube or hose connected through a tee, an annular open drainage system with droppers located on it, according to the invention, each open drainage system at the points of drainage from the outlet irrigation the tubes are made in the form of a vertical rigid plastic riser connected to an open flexible irrigation plastic rigid tube, the ends of which are provided with short rigid fittings-adapters, resistant to corrosion, made of polymer material with the possibility of fixing each of them with the help of fixed clamps placed on the outer surface put on ends of an open flexible irrigation plastic rigid tube, while the free ends of short rigid fittings-adapters are connected to each other using corrugated elastic couplings with clamps, each plastic i a rigid tube is additionally fastened with enclosing loops on its surface with rods also made of rigid polymer material with an attached detachable tension belt with a latch made of wear-resistant plastic material at its height of attachment with the possibility of covering a tree trunk, and each irrigation rigid plastic tube has holes on the surface the tubes are placed with their enveloping end resiliently elastic strong elements in the form of fitted pipes of the same length, the inner part of which is equipped with a tubular porous material, which makes it possible to decelerate the flow and exit of water at the same speed through the ends of the fitted pipes with drip irrigation, each vertical rigid riser connected to the outlet irrigation tube, equipped with an adjusting ball valve.

In addition, the regulation of the water outlet from the holes of the irrigation tube by drip pipes is set depending on the type of watered tree or shrub.

In addition, the diameter of the irrigation tube with droppers in relation to the diameter of the tree trunk girth is set depending on the connection of the corrugated length of the sleeve with rigid fixed fittings-adapters attached to the ends of the irrigation split tube.

In addition, the coverage of a tree trunk can be performed using at least two closed annular irrigation rigid pipes with drip nozzles with an increased length of coverage of the tree trunk, interconnected by vertical short pipes for pouring out water of a given rate, with a lower throughput of the drip nozzles, but with an increased number of drip pipes.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the proposed method of drip irrigation of perennial plantations of slope lands of a ravine allows you to create an optimal drip irrigation (irrigation) regime, taking into account the specific conditions of a slope ravine with terraces - the quality of irrigation water, recommended standards, water-physical properties of the soil, developed terraces ... At the same time, the proposed method in its constructive implementation is characterized by simplicity of installation above the ground at least 0.7-1.0 m, where a polyethylene irrigation rigid riser from a tube is adjacent to a tree trunk and connected to a mounted polyethylene rigid irrigation tube with a quick-detachable ring with droppers in a circle , and the riser is equipped with an adjustable ball valve, through which the horizontal outlet pipe is connected to a distribution plastic pipeline of a smaller order, the latter are placed in the ground at a depth of 20-30 cm (covered with soil from above). In this case, an irrigation stand made of a rigid polyethylene tube, an open irrigation tube with short drip pipes is placed slightly higher above the ground directly next to the tree trunk. The drippers themselves are designed in such a way that water flows out of them from two ends of a short drip pipe in a circle of an irrigation tube (then a closed ring), fixed around the irrigation tube, in which holes are drilled on the surface to release water up to 4 l / h at least 4 droppers when covering a tree from above above the ground at a height of at least 0.7-1.0 m, where the holes are blocked from the outer surface of the walls with short tubular drip pipes of a certain short length, acting as droppers, the inner part of which has a porous surface with the ability to slow down the flow in both ends of the branch pipe, and ensuring uniform water outlet through a closed ring of irrigation rigid and flexible tube through both ends of the tubular dropper (branch pipe). Watering is carried out from top to bottom on the area under the trees, i.e. the moistening of the plant nutrition zone can be set by the diameter expansion around the tree headquarters or, according to an embodiment, when the irrigation tube with droppers is also connected to each other in two closed separate rings with short vertical tubes (not shown in the drawing for simplicity) at a given height for each species the composition of a tree of its age when designing a system, which means that such a system design becomes universal for practical use in gardens. At the same time, if at the beginning of the installation the irrigation rigid and flexible polyethylene tube is mounted with droppers, it is made open, then in the final installation on a tree trunk with a girth fastening to the fastening belt, the irrigation tube becomes closed and flowing in a circle. At the same time, the ends of the irrigation tube, when connected to each other, are equipped with short rigid fittings-adapters, resistant to corrosion, with the possibility of fixing each of them with the help of fastened clamps on the outer surface of the dressed ends of an open irrigation polyethylene tube with droppers, where water circulates (moves) in a circle inside the irrigation tube, which means that the uniform distribution of water through both ends of all droppers fixed on it is ensured, simultaneously. In this case, the free ends of short rigid fittings-adapters are connected to each other using corrugated elastic couplings with clamps, and each irrigation rigid tube has an additional enveloping fastening with loops on its surface with rods made of rigid polymer material with an attached tightening tightly detachable power belt with a latch made of wear-resistant plastic material fixed at a certain height of the tree.

In addition, the agrotechnical conditions for irrigation are improved, since water is supplied freely from top to bottom, falling in drops on the soil under the crowns of trees along the entire closed circle of the tree, which leads to water savings (such as fine rain). All units are freely and easily permanently mounted, and do not require special carrying every time, which means that there is no large labor costs for the operational staff to maintain this drip irrigation system. In this case, the water-conducting riser is installed near the trunk of the tree and does not interfere with the cultivation of the land on the tree-planting area, and the outlet pipe with the distribution polyethylene pipeline is located in the ground with filling from the top of the soil. With a ball valve on the riser, it is possible to regulate the supply of a given flow rate of water to an irrigation tube with droppers, which is attached with radial plastic rods to a belt that encloses a tree stem from above above the ground at a given height of a certain species plant. The growth of the tree annually is also taken into account, which can be easily changed due to a detachable power belt with a latch, a person standing next to a tree in height, for example, it will be enough to do this once a year at the beginning of seasonal watering, while standing (this is unknown in analogues). For this purpose, a latch-latch on the belt is unfastened (something like a belt with a retainer) with divisions and respectively increase the diameter to the desired girth of the tree trunk, while not disturbing the outer side of the tree bark, which is important for its growth and fruiting. Another positive effect should be considered the fact that the closed irrigation tube itself inside the cavity (in a circle) does not require the device of droppers, creating, for example, a zigzag channel where the flow becomes turbulent, since in known droppers turbulent eddies of the liquid flow slow down the flow rate and significantly reduce section inside the irrigation tube before the entrance in the form of drops, while in the proposed one this drawback is eliminated, for these purposes there is a separate short porous branch pipe (dropper) with a girth of the irrigation tube surface with an opening on the surface. It can be freely moved in any direction with a certain slight human effort from the drilled hole in the irrigation tube, flushes at any time of watering, and water flows out of each end of the tube to the side down to the ground of drops, i.e. The drip tip irrigation tube is reliable in long term operation in general. The flow rate can be adjusted with a ball valve on an irrigation stand (tube) with drawing on it water flow rates, regardless of the pressure and water flow rate in the distribution polyethylene pipeline of a smaller order for each individual watering of the tree, taking into account the total water consumption flowing along the length of the distribution polyethylene pipeline of a small order (second order). Thus, the irrigation process will take place continuously with the proposed droppers until they are turned off from work or when the adjustable ball valve on the irrigation riser is closed.

Consequently, the claimed invention does not follow explicitly for a specialist from the prior art and is the result of the creative work of the inventor.

Therefore, the claimed invention meets the condition "inventive step".

The essence of the proposal is illustrated by drawings, where Fig. 1 shows a diagram of the method for drip irrigation of perennial plantations of slope lands; in fig. 2 - section of the terrace from top to bottom; in fig. 3 shows a diagram of the ravine slope in the garden plan of the location of the main pipeline with distribution pipelines; in fig. 4 - node for connecting a distribution polyethylene pipeline of a lower order with its elements for mounting and watering plants; in fig. 5 layout diagram of the lower-order polyethylene distribution pipeline underground; in fig. 6 - a fragment of the connection of an annular closed irrigation pipe with fittings-adapters with a corrugated elastic coupling (sweep); in fig. 7 is a view of a resilient element illustrating a view of a drip tip for trees (tube section not shown); in fig. 8 is a cross-section of an irrigation tube with a short branch pipe (dropper).

Information confirming the possibility of implementing the claimed invention is as follows.

On the slope eroded territory, the boundary of the distribution of the terracing and irrigation area with fruit or other trees is determined. Then, within the known boundaries, plan areas of terraces with a width of 2.5-3.0 m are developed, starting from the top towards the bottom (foot) of the ravine, the distance set between tree plantings.

In the proposed method, on the arranged ravine terraces, a drip irrigation system is designed with water distribution units on a small-order (second) polyethylene distribution pipeline laid in a row of planting with trees.

On the open upper section in the shape of the projected ravine, starting from the top, the main polyethylene pipeline 1 is laid (on top of the ground or is poured into the ground), and connected to the city water supply 2 (source) using a water intake unit with a valve (not shown).

The regulated unit of the water source 2 with the section 3 is supplied with a filter 4, the meter 5 for measuring the total flowing water on the main pipeline 1. To control the pressure on the main pipeline 1, a pressure gauge is used 6. Unit 7 has adjustable ball valves 8 and 9, which are hydraulically connected to the distribution polyethylene pipeline 10 first order (highest order). On the distribution polyethylene pipeline 10 along its length, it is divided, in relation to the location of the terraces, into located nodes 11 and 12, which, through nozzles 13 and 14 with ball valves 15 and 16, meters 17 and 18 measure the water flow towards watering trees in a row on the terrace with connected controllers 19 and 20 controlled by the irrigation mode on the distribution polyethylene pipeline 21 and 22 of the second order (low order), controllers 19 and 20, which provide programming of water flow, duration and interval of irrigation and are connected via a communication line with a personal computer (not shown) ... Second-order distribution polyethylene pipelines are also equipped at the inlet with pressure gauges 23 and 24 showing the water pressure (head) at the outlet of the first-order polyethylene distribution pipeline 10, and equipped with fine filters 25 and 26 of small size, since the distribution pipelines 21 and 22 themselves have small transverse dimensions along the length of water delivery than the distribution polyethylene pipeline 10 of the first order of water distribution.

Distribution polyethylene pipelines 21 and 22 of the lower order are laid to a depth of 20-30 cm in the ground along the length of each terrace with planted garden trees.

Each outlet tube 26 with a quick-detachable connection in the form of a tee 27 has the continuation of the form of a vertically mounted rigid plastic riser 28 (tube) fixed to it with the connection of an open annular flexible and rigid irrigation plastic tube 29, both ends of which are provided with short rigid fittings-adapters 30 and 31, corrosion-resistant, made of polymeric material, which are interconnected by a corrugated elastic coupling 32 by means of clamps 33, available in the production and sale in a wide variety of sizes. The elastic corrugated sleeve 32 itself can easily be lengthened or narrowed, which is convenient to wrap around each individual end of the plastic irrigation tube 29 with adapter fittings 30 and 31, which is provided with drippers 34 (short pipes). At the same time, the polyethylene irrigation tube 29 with droppers 34 is fastened with enveloping loops 35 on its surface, rigidly connected to polymer radial rods 36 (rays) of the same length, then along a closed annular irrigation tube 29, the radial rods 36 which are attached to a power tightening plastic detachable belt 37 with a latch (not shown) into the girth of the tree trunk at a height of at least 0.7-1.0 m from the ground surface.

Before connecting the polyethylene open-ended rigid and flexible plastic irrigation pipes 29 to a rigid vertical plastic riser 28 (tubes) fastened with a flexible plastic detachable belt 37 with plastic radial rods 36 fastening to the tree, the solid walls of the surface of the irrigation tube 29, in holes 38 are drilled there, which serve to discharge water into short tubular nozzles 3 (droppers) with a porous material 40 inside at least 4 droppers, each of which has a flow rate of up to 4 l / h, by means of an appropriate drilling mechanism (not shown) at the time of installation at a given fastening tree, respectively, taking into account its size for the growth of the girth of the tree trunk. The manufactured tubular nozzles 39 (droppers) of equal and short length with a porous element are first put on a detachable open annular irrigation tube 29, then it is first connected to a plastic riser 28 (tube) using a tee fitting 40, and then connected around the tree with fastening and fixing the power tightening belt 37 with a latch (not shown) with attached polymer radial rods 36 in the girth of the tree trunk at a height of at least 0.7-1.0 m from the ground surface. At the same time, short rigid fittings-adapters 30 and 31 (tubes) are interconnected by a corrugated elastic coupling 32 in the form of fastened clamps (not shown), thereby closing it into a closed annular polyethylene irrigation tube 29 with droppers 39 put on it (nozzles with a porous material 39), forming around the tree trunk watering and feeding over the root system of the area under the crown of trees at a low irrigation height (like rain with small drops of water). It is important to note that an embodiment is possible when the coverage of the tree trunk with two closed rings of the irrigation tube 29 with droppers 3. (not shown), since there will be an additional connection of the rings with each other using connecting short tubes (not shown), which will increase watering before the calculated consumption, but with a shorter duration of watering of trees in general.

It should be noted that tubular droppers 3 overlapping the holes 38 in the irrigation tube 29 made of an elastic element (material 39), for example, also made of separate rubber nozzles 3 or made of polymers, plastics, etc., have a flowing inner part of the housing provided with a porous element 33, provide, in terms of the circle, uniform watering of garden trees from top to bottom, without encountering any obstacles, and watering will be performed efficiently (like raindrops from above).

The method for drip irrigation of perennial plantations of slope lands functions as follows.

From the water source 2, water is taken from the city water supply system under pressure (or by a pump) into the section of the pipeline 3 with filter 4, meter 5, and the purified water enters the main polyethylene pipeline 1.

The pressure in the main pipeline 1 is controlled using a pressure gauge 6. Water under pressure from the main polyethylene pipeline 1 enters the distribution polyethylene pipeline 10 of the first order, while during irrigation, an adjustable ball valve 8 is opened on the distribution polyethylene pipeline 10 of the first (senior) order and the controlled ball valve 9 on the main polyethylene pipeline 1.

Pressurized water from the distribution polyethylene pipeline 21 and 22 of the second order with nozzles with nozzles 13 and 14, with filters 25 and 26 for fine cleaning, meters 17 and 18 for measuring water flow, with controllers 19 and 20 controlled programming of water flow, providing duration and interval watering times are associated with a personal computer (not shown). In this case, the distributors of polyethylene pipelines 21 and 22 of the second order (junior) are located in the ground at a depth of 20-30 cm, then it enters through a discharge tube 26 with a quick-detachable connection in the form of a tee 27 connected to a plastic rigid riser 28 (tubes), which is by means of a fitting -the tee 40 is connected to an open annular flexible and rigid plastic irrigation tube 29 with droppers 34, the ends of which are provided with short fittings-adapters 30 and 31 resistant to corrosion. Then the fittings-adapters 30 and 31 are connected to each other with an elastic coupling 32 using clamps 33. In addition, it should be noted that before connecting the irrigation tube 29 in the form of a closed annular irrigation tube 29 with a solid wall surface, holes 38 are drilled to drain water with short tubular nozzles 34 (droppers) put on and enclosing it with a porous material 39 inside, holes 38 are made at a given distance, but not less than 4 for droppers 34 with a total flow rate of 4 l / h around the circumference of a closed annular irrigation tube 29 from the outside, and both free ends of the branch pipes 34 (droppers) remain open from the clamp with the clamp. It should be noted that the length of short droppers 34 in the form of an elastic element with a tubular inside porous element 35 is determined during design, as is the number of droppers 34 in total along the circle of the tree trunk. The release of water in the form of drops becomes a constant flow of water to be absorbed from above into the soil directly below the crown of the trees, and groups of trees are irrigated along the terrace of a ravine area, the width of which is 2.5-3.0 m, the length between fruit trees is 4.8-5 , 0 m (example, "Patriarch's Garden" of the city of Vladimir).

At the height of the fastening of the enveloping polyethylene belt 37 with a latch and with fastening through rigid polymer radial rods 36 with an irrigation tube 29 with droppers 34 of a tree trunk at least 0.7-1.0 m from the ground surface, drip irrigation of the feeding area of the tree root system is carried out for of each tree, as well as in one row with a group of trees planted on the terrace, which does not interfere with the release of water, as well as after the end of watering, carry out all the necessary types of tree care (digging the ground, mowing grass with equipment, etc. ) during the inter-irrigation period, when the droppers do not work. When irrigation is carried out, a mass of water, falling in drops from above to the ground (like rain), moistens the feeding zone of the root system of trees of different types of planting on the ravine terrace, such as: apple trees, pears, plums, etc.

The system of distribution plastic pipelines 21 23 of the second (junior) order, as well as quick-detachable outlet pipes 26, laid in the ground, do not interfere with the work for the garden staff at any time of the year. At the same time, the danger of clogging of droppers 34 is completely absent and it is possible to additionally drain water from the most closed irrigation tube 29, due to the possibility of their free movement along the length of the irrigation tube 29 tubular nozzles 34 (droppers), freeing holes 38 drilled in the wall of the closed irrigation tube 29, as well as the possibility of being removed by disconnecting it by means of a corrugated elastic coupling 32. The design of droppers 34 becomes mobile in nature, and can also be self-flushed during irrigation and its adjustment of the position along the length coaxially with the hole 38 in the tube along the surface, and independently of their placement, each along the length of a closed annular irrigation tube 29.

When water is started up in the distribution polyethylene pipeline 21 and 22 at a water temperature below the air temperature, the length of the closed annular irrigation tube 29 decreases. At the same time, the corrugated elastic coupling 32, stretching, compensates for this decrease in the length of the tube 29, maintaining its given position with droppers 34, overlapping the holes 38 are relatively towards the ground, in the drippers of which the same (constant) flow rate is provided from all holes of the irrigation tube 29, and thus drip irrigation is carried out directly on the area under the trees, which leads to water saving. With a subsequent change in the water temperature when the closed annular irrigation tube 29 is heated, it lengthens, while the corrugated elastic coupling 32, contracting, also compensates for this elongation between the fixed fittings with adapters 30 and 31 fixed to the ends of the irrigation tube 29. It should be noted that the alternation during irrigation compression and expansion of the elastic sleeve 32 also prevents muddy deposits in the corrugation and improves the overall performance of the drip tube.

After the end of seasonal irrigation, the water supply for the winter is cut off for the winter, the water supply to the distribution pipelines is stopped. Disconnect the plastic belt 37 from the trunk of the tree for the winter (freeing it), respectively, disconnect the ends of the closed irrigation tube 29, disconnect from the riser 38 and close the ball valve on it from moisture (rain and snow), i.e. preservation for the winter period, and all removable devices are stored indoors at this facility.

The use of the meter to measure the volume of water in automatic mode, regardless of the time it is used for drip irrigation of trees, means that the payment for water consumption can be drastically reduced during the season by saving water consumption throughout the entire period of operation, and taking readings at any time controlled volume of water by a meter and a controller, which provides a general scheme for programming the water flow for each terrace with irrigation by a group of trees in a row and can be controlled via a communication line with a personal computer (not shown), which meets the innovations of today in these operating conditions simple, reliable and economical drip irrigation system for perennial plantations. Consequently, the reliability of the quality of progressive drip irrigation of perennial plantations increases when irrigating slope lands with terraces (this method can be technically applied to other areas of garden trees), transitioning the possibility to an integrated approach, both for irrigation of management, and for decorating the territory on the example of a large ravine, created by nature (the difference in elevation marks of the ravine is up to 30 m from the top to its bottom with terracing of sites of given sizes) of the historical city of Vladimir "Patriarch Garden", where there really is a possibility of introducing, created by the conditions of the water intake source, already built from the city water supply system with new structural elements for the method connection of drip irrigation of perennial plantations of slope lands, which gives a picturesque view of the territory of the garden as a whole, where the author of the proposal surveyed this territory of the garden well enough, and therefore confirms the usefulness of the practical application of this invention i versus prototype.

Example. Calculation, when each dropper passes through itself 4 l / h when covering the trunk of a tree, for example, two rings (a variant of execution is possible) closed rings of an irrigation flexible tube with a given total length, for example 1 meter, then the total length will be nd, where n is a dimensionless quantity , d is the length of the circle of the tube around the tree trunk, you can determine how many droppers must be installed at certain distances for irrigation in order to pour out at the rate of 50 liters per tree for about half an hour. For comparison, two nozzles pour out this volume of water in about 7 minutes.

The country as a producer of the USA with sprinters with such a nozzle pours 1.9 / 3.8 / 7.6 / l / min, which worsens irrigation evenly and increases costs.

For a periodic technical solution, drip irrigation should be carried out for at least 3-4 hours. Therefore, the final result is important, namely the quality and economic effect of the final product - this is uniform drip irrigation.

The absence of additional supports and other fasteners ensures a reduction in the cost of the system without loss of quality.

The average height of trees is 2-2.5 meters, for example, the apple tree "Stock M9", which is considered the main and most valuable in intensive gardening and live up to 30 years. Have abundant and regular fruiting. The quality of the pilaf is high. It is more convenient to care for low trees, to harvest, fruits are less injured during harvesting, which improves the quality of fruits, and are promising. Other well-known apple varieties can be used.

The implementation of drip irrigation by the phases of development to the depth of the spread of the root system with the maintenance of the soil moisture threshold is differentiated somewhere in the calculated layer of 0.8 m at the level of 80% HB - "the beginning of the growing season - the beginning of flowering", 80% HB - "the end of flowering - ripening of fruits. Carrying out water recharge irrigation in the third decade of October with a rate of 320 m ³ / ha provides a good overwintering of the apple tree and a moisture reserve for the next year.

It should also be noted that today there are all the prerequisites when all elements of the system can be made of modern materials used and manufactured by the industry, the question remains to implement only the existing technology proposed by the author, according to the invention, which is well suited for drip irrigation of garden trees with their age , in terms of using a closed annular irrigation tube with droppers when fixing and covering a tree trunk at a certain height from the ground surface, and draining water from top to bottom onto the root system area below its crown.

Thus, the use of the proposed method with a constructive set of elements provides significant advantages over analogues (prototype), simple design, versatility of the system, and expands the functionality, which consists in the possibility of using the method for different types of plants, because the distance between adjacent planted trees may vary. All units are free and easy to assemble, they are easy to assemble and disassemble when storing for the winter. Here, when terracing areas for trees with a drop in ground elevations and dosing irrigation water, favorable conditions are created for plant growth. In addition, it significantly improves the conditions of the service personnel when using drip irrigation of perennial plantations of slope lands, as well as on other possible sites, and also increases the reliability of the facility's operation system.

Claims (4)

1. The method of drip irrigation of perennial plantations of slope lands, arranged on a distribution pipeline, and including a discharge tube or hose connected through a tee, an annular open drainage system with droppers located on it, characterized in that each open drainage system at the points of outlet from the outlet irrigation pipe is performed in the form of a vertical rigid plastic riser connected to an open flexible irrigation plastic rigid tube, the ends of which are provided with short rigid fittings-adapters, resistant to corrosion, made of polymer material with the possibility of fixing each of them using fixed clamps placed on the outer surface of the worn ends open flexible irrigation plastic rigid tube, while the free ends of short rigid fittings-adapters are connected to each other using corrugated elastic couplings with clamps, each irrigation plastic rigid tube is additionally fastened and with enclosing loops on its surface with rods also made of a rigid polymer material with an attached pulling detachable power belt with a latch made of wear-resistant plastic material at its height of attachment with the possibility of covering a tree trunk, and each irrigation rigid plastic tube has holes, on the surface of the tube is placed with a female end elastic strong elements in the form of fitted pipes of the same length, the inner part of which is equipped with a tubular porous material, which makes it possible to decelerate the flow and exit of water at the same speed through the ends of the fitted pipes with drip irrigation, and each vertical rigid riser connected to the outlet irrigation pipe is provided with an adjustment ball valve. 2. The method according to claim. 1, characterized in that the regulation of the release of water from the holes of the irrigation tube by drip pipes is set depending on the type of watered tree or shrub. 3. The method according to claim. 1, characterized in that the diameter of the irrigation tube with droppers in relation to the diameter of the embrace of the trunk of the tree is set depending on the connection of the corrugated length of the coupling with rigid fixed fittings-adapters attached to the ends of the irrigation split tube. 4. The method according to claim. 1, characterized in that the coverage of the tree trunk can be performed using at least two closed annular irrigation rigid pipes with drip pipes with increased length of coverage of the tree trunk, interconnected by vertical short pipes for pouring out water of a given rate, with a lower throughput of the drip pipes, but with an increased number of drip pipes.

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