CN111513322A - 一种用于减重术后病人的流质食品及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种用于减重术后病人的流质食品及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开一种用于减重术后病人的流质食品及其制备方法,本发明将提供碳水化合物的物质、提供蛋白质的物质、提供脂肪的物质、低酯果胶、甜叶菊苷、复合维生素、复合矿物质进行复合,形成一种能量低、蛋白质含量高、脂肪含量低的流质食品。本发明不仅有助于减重术后病人体重的减轻,还能增强患者抵抗力,预防术后患者维生素和矿物质的缺乏以及帮助患者术后肠胃功能恢复,同时还避免术后患者由于蛋白质补充不够加大对机体蛋白质的消耗。此外,本发明的产品用温水冲泡后形成一种半固化的流质食品,能够模拟进食,一方面增加患者的饱腹感,另一方面形成的半固化流质食品能够保证适宜的胃排空时间,有效预防术后的反流和倾倒综合征的发生。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及营养组合物,具体涉及一种用于减重术后病人的流质食品及其制备方法。
背景技术
肥胖的增长速率是影响数百万人民的一个主要的健康问题。减肥手术程序代表在病态肥胖个体中获得显著的体重减轻的一种成功的方式。自从上世纪50年代首例减重手术被报道后,这类手术在临床上应用得越来越广泛。既往研究结果发现:接受减重手术后,绝大多数肥胖患者的体重能得到显著下降,甚至恢复正常体重且维持较长的一段时间;另外肥胖症引起的各种合并症在术后也大多能得到改善甚至治愈。
例如,最近一项旨在探讨减重手术长期效果的系统评价和meta分析表明:减重手术后患者的BMI下降了13.4kg/m2,空腹血糖值下降了59.7mg/dl,糖化血红蛋白值下降了1.8%;糖尿病的改善率为89.2%,其中治愈率为64.7%。另一项系统评价则表明:减重手术后高血压的患病风险减少了54%,高脂血症的患病风险减少了33%。另外,减重手术还可以明显改善肥胖患者的生活质量,并延长其寿命。
虽然减重手术疗效显著,但是减重手术也可能带来一些不良反应;营养素缺乏是其中的主要方面。尽管临床医生普遍建议患者在术后都要常规服用维生素和矿物质等营养素补充剂,但患者出现蛋白质、维生素和矿物质等营养素缺乏的情况仍较为常见;一些基于西方国家人群的研究还表明:很多肥胖患者在减重手术前就已经存在一定程度的营养素缺乏,包括维生素D缺乏、叶酸缺乏、钙缺乏和铁缺乏等。对比于正常体重者,肥胖患者体内的营养素缺乏率明显升高;这提示肥胖患者虽然存在体内能量过剩和脂肪堆积,但是他们的日常饮食可能并不健康,食物所提供的营养素量无法满足他们体内的需求。
例如:Yu等发现Poux-en-Y胃旁路术(LRYGB)后铁缺乏和贫血的情况很常见。在关炳生的研究中发现LRYGB术后缺乏率较高的营养素包括维生素D、钙、叶酸、白蛋白、血红蛋白、维生素B12和铁。LSG术后缺乏率较高的营养素则包括维生素D、叶酸和纠正钙。在田芳等人对38名袖状胃切除胃减容术(LSG)手术后6个月以上的患者的饮食调查和评估中,发现:蛋白质摄入量低;脂肪供能比偏高。钙、铁、锌摄入不足,存在远期营养缺乏的风险。
因此,在针对减重术后病人的干预方案探讨中,开发一些食用方式得当、食用时间适宜、营养组分合理、易消化的肠内“营养制剂”越来越受到普通外科手术医疗工作者和特殊医学用途配方食品开发者们的关注和重视,对于改善术后患者营养不足、营养素缺乏、并发症发生、胃肠功能紊乱状况,尤其针对减重术后病人营养素缺乏、预防并发症、促进机体恢复、体重快速下降等具有重要影响和研究价值。
基于此,专利申请号:CN200980123129.9,发明创造名称为“用于减肥手术患者的液体营养组合物”提供了一种高度浓缩的液体营养组合物,该液体营养组合物主要用于诱导肝脏尺寸减小、控制炎症、预防倾倒-综合征(dumping syndrome)、诱导术前和术后的减重并进一步特别用于脂肪重量的减轻、治疗术后营养缺乏、保持氮平衡防止损失肌肉重量和/或肌肉功能、避免高葡萄糖以及高胰岛素峰值、改善餐后葡萄糖响应、预防和/或治疗骨钙流失(bone calcium depletion)和骨质缺乏(osteopenia)等。但该营养液还是存在以下问题:
(1)该营养剂在食用的时候是高浓缩液体的形式,以液体的形式进食的时候是无法模拟正常食物的进食效应,不利于病人的肠胃功能的恢复以及不利于病人治愈后肠胃对正常食物的适应。
(2)以纯液体的形式进食,只能诱导病人产生饱腹感,而无法让病人产生真实的饱腹感,随着时间的延长导致病人的饥饿感增强,患者极有可能用其它的物质来满足饱腹感的同时引起其它的术后并发症,并且食用时口感滋味较差。
(3)该专利技术中的蛋白质来源于牛奶,由于牛奶中含有乳糖,部分患者可能出现乳糖不耐受的情况,不利于术后患者的肠胃对营养物质的吸收。
(4)该技术中的营养食品为液体,一方面导致其保持期短,另一方面也不利于保藏。
基于此,在保证减重术后病人的营养的同时如何确保病人产生饱腹感等真实感觉以及提高治愈的病人的胃对食物的接受度,成为该领域一个新的研究点。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术中的问题,本发明的目的之一是提一种用于减重术后病人的流质食品。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案如下:
一种用于减重术后病人的流质食品,所述流质食品包括碳水化合物、蛋白质、脂肪,其中,所述流质食品的能量为300-400kcal/82g,所述碳水化物的能量占所述流质食品能量的20-60%,所述蛋白质的能量占所述流质食品能量的25-75%,所述脂肪的能量占所述流质食品能量的5-15%;
所述流质食品还包括低酯果胶、甜叶菊苷、复合维生素、复合矿物质;
所述碳水化合物来源于麦芽糊精和菊粉;所述蛋白质来源于乳清蛋白粉、大豆低聚肽、全脂乳粉中的一种或多种;所述脂肪来源于MCT复合粉、全脂乳粉、植脂粉、无糖椰子粉中的一种或多种。
优选地,所述MCT复合粉中含有中链甘油三酯。
优选地,所述复合维生素由醋酸视黄酯、胆钙化醇、烟酸硫胺素、醋酸生育酚、核黄素、盐酸吡哆醇、氰钴胺、L-抗坏血酸、烟酰胺、烟酸组成。
优选地,所述复合矿物质由磷酸三钙、碳酸镁、富硒酵母、乙二胺四乙酸铁钠组成。
优选地,所述流质食品还包括谷氨酰胺和调味品。
优选地,所述调味品为抹茶粉或冻干香蕉粉。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种用于减重术后病人的流质食品的制备方法,具体包括以下步骤:
步骤S1:首先将提供蛋白质的物质、提供脂肪的物质、提供碳水化合物的物质、低酯果胶、甜叶菊苷、谷氨酰胺、调味品加入到混合搅拌机中,并在温度60-70℃、转速200-220r/min的条件下混合4-6min,最后获得混合料;
步骤S2:将步骤S1获得的混合料在温度为40-50℃的条件下粉碎10-15min获得粒径为100-120目的混合料粉末;
步骤S3:将步骤S2获得的混合粉末选用5-10kGy的辐照射线对其进行杀菌;
步骤S4:将步骤S3杀菌后的混合粉末在喷雾干燥机中进行干燥,并将干燥后的混合料粉末进行冷却筛粉,最后获得水分含量为3-5%的混合料粉末;
步骤S5:在常温的条件下往步骤S4获得水分含量为3-5%的混合料粉末中加入复合维生素和复合矿物质,得到干粉状的流质食品;
步骤S6:将步骤S5获得的干粉状的流质食品进行充氮包装,得到一种疏松多孔、水溶性强、口感丰富、营养充足的粉末状冲泡型流质食品。
优选地,所述步骤S4干燥时喷雾干燥机的进风温度控制90℃~200℃、出风温度控制60℃~120℃;所述步骤S4中的冷却筛粉时的进风温度为50℃、排风温度为30℃。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下的有益效果:
(1)本发明中的流质食品是一种能量低、蛋白质含量高、脂肪含量低的流质食品,该食品富含维生素和矿物质,不仅有助于减重术后病人体重的减轻,还能增强患者抵抗力,预防患者术后维生素和矿物质的缺乏以及帮助患者术后肠胃功能恢复。
(2)本发明的流质食品增大蛋白质的供能比的同时降低碳水化合物和脂肪的供能比,不仅满足了术后患者对能量的需求,还避免术后患者由于蛋白质补充不够导致对机体蛋白质的消耗。同时,本发明的蛋白来源于乳清蛋白粉和大豆肽,几乎不含乳糖,可以防止患者出现乳糖不耐受现象;大豆低聚肽是小分子的蛋白质,更利于患者肠胃吸收,促进患者恢复。此外,本发明的流质食品中还加入谷氨酰胺,为机体提供必需的氮源,促使肌细胞内蛋白质合成,避免术后患者自身合成的谷氨酰胺不能满足机体的需求,从而不利于患者术后的伤口愈合。
(3)本发明中的流质食品在用温水冲泡后,食品中的低酯果胶与钙离子或镁离子反应,形成网状结构的半固化的凝胶,可以模拟正常食物的进食效应,保证适宜的胃排空时间,从而减少患者术后的反流和倾倒综合征的发生。此外,低酯果胶与钙离子形成的半固化凝胶还能为流质食品起到增稠和稳定作用,防止温水冲泡后粉末状的食品发生团聚产生沉淀,从而促使该食品的口感更细腻。
(4)由于本流质食品冲泡后呈半固化的状态,相对于纯液体的食品来说更容易满足术后病人的饱腹感,此外,冲泡后呈半固化的流质食品增强病人食用的时候对食物咀嚼和吞咽的体验感。
(5)本发明的流质食品中还加入了可溶性的膳食纤维菊粉和甜叶菊苷,不仅能使肠道菌群平衡化、正常化,不利于有害菌群的生长;同时,还能防止患者术后便秘的问题;同时还可以促进肠道蠕动,恢复肠道吸收功能,重建优质的肠道微生态环境。此外,本发明中的MCT复合粉中富含的中链甘油三酯对术后患者的体重降低、腹部脂肪面积的减少、腰围的减少均能产生积极效果,能够进一步降低患者体重。
(6)本发明还在流质食品中加入了抹茶粉或冻干香蕉粉等调味品对其进行调味,而低酯果胶与钙离子或镁离子反应形成的凝胶将调味品的味道分散开来的同时将调味品的味道锁定在半固化流质食品中每一部分,从而确保用温水冲泡后的产品每一部分都充满调味品的味道,增强本流质食品的口感。
(7)采用本发明的制备方法制备流质食品时,混合料经过粉碎、干燥、冷却筛粉获得粒径100-120目且含水量为3-5%的混合料粉末,一方面经过粉碎、冷却筛粉获得的混合料粉末有利于后期流质食品冲泡的时候在水中分散均匀,避免流质食品冲泡时产生块状的沉淀物;另一方面通过对混合料粉末进行干燥,降低了混合料粉末中的水分含量,从而延长该流质食品的保质期限。
(8)本发明中的流质食品采用充氮气进行包装,避免流质食品中的粉末在压力的作用下发生团聚,从而不利于流质食品冲泡时分散均匀。
具体实施方式
(1)麦芽糊精:
本发明中所述的麦芽糊精以淀粉为原材料制备获得,其制备具体包括以下步骤:
步骤1:调浆
将淀粉溶解在水中调制成淀粉浆,其中,淀粉浆中的淀粉的质量百分数为30%~40%。
步骤2:液化
往步骤1获得的淀粉浆中加入α-淀粉酶,然后再通过喷射液化获得液化液。
步骤3:糖化
将步骤2获得液化液升温至60-80℃灭酶后再降温至50℃,同时调节pH至5.5,加入包含β-淀粉酶和真菌淀粉酶的复合酶制剂,静置36h后再次升温60-80℃灭酶,所述复合酶制剂的添加量为0.1~1.5kg/tds。
步骤4:过滤和脱色
将步骤3获得的糖化液用转鼓过滤技术进行过滤,然后再用活性炭对过滤后的糖化液进行脱色。
步骤5:离子交换
将步骤4脱色后的糖化液用强酸性阳离子-弱碱性阴离子-强酸性阳离子交换树脂进行离子交换,去除糖化液中的金属盐、色素。
步骤6:除菌和蒸发
在步骤5的基础上,用0.45μm有机膜对糖化液进行过滤除菌,并对除菌后的糖化液进行蒸发浓缩,获得无色、透明、粘稠的麦芽糊精。
步骤7:干燥
将步骤6获得的麦芽糊精采用高温真空干燥,获得水分≤3%的麦芽糊精。
(2)乳清蛋白粉:
本发明中所述乳清蛋白依次经过乳清采集、网筛过滤、絮凝离心超滤膜浓缩、加入去离子水、二次超滤膜浓缩乳糖脱除、喷雾干燥或冷冻干燥、冷却、消毒等程序,最后获得乳清蛋白粉。
(3)大豆低聚肽的制备方法:
本发明中所述的大豆低聚肽的制备具体包括以下步骤:
步骤1:首先将大豆粕与水按质量比为1:(3-5)混合均匀,得到混合物,然后再往混合物中加入与大豆粕的质量比为(0.01-0.1):1的酵母,并在温度为20-25℃的条件下发酵3天,获得发酵产物I。
步骤2:往步骤1获得的发酵产物I中加入蛋白酶,并调节pH为6.8-7.5,然后在温度为35-40℃的条件下酶解10-14h,最后再将温度升高至85-95℃进行灭酶20-30min,冷却并离心后获得大豆低聚肽的粗产品。
步骤3:将步骤2获得的大豆低聚肽的粗产品用截留分子量为8000-10000的超滤膜进行超滤,获得纯大豆低聚肽产品。
步骤4:将步骤3获得的纯大豆低聚肽产品依次经过活性炭脱色除味、减压干燥成后获得粉末状的大豆低聚肽。
(4)MCT复合粉制备:
本发明中所述的MCT复合粉包括链甘油三酯、变性淀粉、葡萄糖浆、辅助剂,其中,中链甘油三酯的质量为MCT复合粉质量的60-80%,变性淀粉的质量为MCT复合粉质量的5-20%,葡萄糖浆的质量为MCT复合粉质量的10-20%。
所述MCT复合粉的制备方法具体包括以下步骤:
步骤1:
油相的制备:首先将油溶性物料加入到中链甘油三酯中并加热搅拌熔化形成油相,其中,油溶性物料与中链甘油三酯的质量比为(0.5-1):100;其中,油相熔化温度为40℃-90℃,油溶性物料为乳化剂。
水相的制备:将水溶性物料加入纯水中加热搅拌溶化形成水相,水溶性物料为变性淀粉、葡萄糖浆、其他辅助剂。
步骤2:将步骤1中获得的油相缓慢的加入到水相中,并剪切混合10-60min,获得混合均匀的MCT混合物。
步骤3:将步骤2获得的MCT混合物进行含固量的测试并按需加入纯水,然后将MCT混合物的pH调节至6.0-8.0,并在40℃-90℃保温并搅拌最终获得稀释的MCT混合物,其中,稀释的MCT混合物的含固量为60-80%。然后将稀释的MCT混合物首先在压力为100bar-600bar的条件下对进行一级均匀乳化,然后再在压力为10bar-50bar的条件下进行二级均质乳化,经过两级均质乳化获得乳化状的MCT。
步骤4:将步骤3获得的乳化状的MCT在进风温度为80℃-210℃、出风温度为50℃-110℃的条件下选用离心式喷雾干燥机设备或压力式喷雾干燥机设备进行喷雾干燥,冷却后获得MCT复合粉。
实施例:
下面结合实施例对本发明的技术方案进一步进行清楚、完整地描述,下述实施例中的麦芽糊精、乳清蛋白、大豆低聚肽、MCT复合粉制备均按上述所述的方法进行制备。
实施例1
一种用于减重术后病人的流质食品,按重量份计,包括以下组分:
复合维生素由以下组分组成:醋酸视黄酯、胆钙化醇、盐酸硫胺素、醋酸生育酚、核黄素、盐酸吡哆醇、氰钴胺、L-抗坏血酸、烟酰胺、烟酸、叶酸,其中,醋酸视黄酯、胆钙化醇、盐酸硫胺素、醋酸生育酚、核黄素、盐酸吡哆醇、氰钴胺、L-抗坏血酸、烟酰胺、烟酸、叶酸的质量比为:0.3:20:0.1:0.1:0.2:0.12:0.006:200:0.2:0.2:0.09。
所述复合矿物质由以下组分组成:磷酸三钙、碳酸镁、亚硒酸钠、乙二胺四乙酸铁钠,其中,磷酸三钙、碳酸镁、亚硒酸钠、乙二胺四乙酸铁钠之间的质量比为30:9:0.004:0.9。
本实施例中的一种用于减重术后病人的流质食品的制备方法,具体包括以下步骤:
步骤1:首先将麦芽糊精、乳清蛋白粉、大豆低聚肽、MCT复合粉、全脂乳粉、植脂粉、无糖椰子粉、菊粉、冻干香蕉粉、甜叶菊苷、谷氨酰胺、低酯果胶加入到混合搅拌机中,并在温度60-70℃、转速200-220r/min的条件下混合4-6min,最后获得混合料。
步骤2:将步骤1获得混合料在温度为40-50℃的条件下粉碎10-15min分钟,获得粒径为100-120目的混合料粉末。
步骤3:将步骤2获得的混合粉末选用5-10kGy的辐照射线对其进行杀菌。
步骤4:将步骤3杀菌后的混合粉末在喷雾干燥机中进行干燥,并将干燥后的混合料粉末进行冷却筛粉,最后获得水分含量为3-5%的混合料粉末;其中,喷雾干燥机干燥的时候进风温度为90℃-200℃、出风温度为60℃-120℃,冷却筛粉时的进风温度为50℃、排风温度为30℃。
步骤5:在常温的条件下往步骤4获得水分含量为3-5%的混合料粉末中加入复合维生素和复合矿物质,得到干粉状的流质食品。
步骤6:将步骤5获得的流质食品在真空充氮包装机进行充氮包装,得到一种疏松多孔、水溶性强、口感丰富、营养充足的粉末状冲泡型流质食品。
由本实例制备的一种用于减重术后的流质食品,其营养成分如表1所示。
表1实施例1制备的流质食品的营养成分表
实施例2
一种用于减重术后病人的流质食品,按重量份计,包括以下组分:
复合维生素由以下组分组成:醋酸视黄酯、胆钙化醇、盐酸硫胺素、醋酸生育酚、核黄素、盐酸吡哆醇、氰钴胺、L-抗坏血酸、烟酰胺、烟酸、叶酸,其中,醋酸视黄酯、胆钙化醇、盐酸硫胺素、醋酸生育酚、核黄素、盐酸吡哆醇、氰钴胺、L-抗坏血酸、烟酰胺、烟酸、叶酸的质量比为:0.3:20:0.1:0.1:0.2:0.12:0.006:200:0.2:0.2:0.09。
复合矿物质由以下组分组成:磷酸三钙、碳酸镁、亚硒酸钠、乙二胺四乙酸铁钠,其中,磷酸三钙、碳酸镁、亚硒酸钠、乙二胺四乙酸铁钠的质量比为30:9:0.004:0.9。
本实施例中的一种用于减重术后病人的流质食品的制备方法,具体包括以下步骤:
步骤1:首先将麦芽糊精、乳清蛋白粉、大豆低聚肽、MCT复合粉、全脂乳粉、植脂粉、无糖椰子粉、菊粉、冻干香蕉粉、甜叶菊苷、谷氨酰胺、低酯果胶加入到混合搅拌机中,并在温度60-70℃、转速200-220r/min的条件下混合4-6min,最后获得混合料。
步骤2:将步骤1获得混合料在温度为40-50℃的条件下粉碎10-15min分钟,获得粒径为100-120目的混合料粉末。
步骤3:将步骤2获得的混合粉末选用5-10kGy的辐照射线对其进行杀菌。
步骤4:将步骤3杀菌后的混合粉末在喷雾干燥机中进行干燥,并将干燥后的混合料粉末进行冷却筛粉,最后获得水分含量为3-5%的混合料粉末;其中,喷雾干燥机干燥的时候进风温度为90℃-200℃、出风温度为60℃-120℃,冷却筛粉时的进风温度为50℃、排风温度为30℃。
步骤5:在常温的条件下往步骤4获得水分含量为3-5%的混合料粉末中加入复合维生素和复合矿物质,得到干粉状的流质食品。
步骤6:将步骤5获得的流质食品在真空充氮包装机进行充氮包装,得到一种疏松多孔、水溶性强、口感丰富、营养充足的粉末状冲泡型流质食品。
由本实例制备的一种用于减重术后的流质食品,其营养成分如表2所示。
表2实施例2制备的流质食品的营养成分表
实施例3
一种用于减重术后病人的流质食品,按重量份计,包括以下组分:
复合维生素由以下组分组成:醋酸视黄酯、胆钙化醇、盐酸硫胺素、醋酸生育酚、核黄素、盐酸吡哆醇、氰钴胺、L-抗坏血酸、烟酰胺、烟酸、叶酸,其中,醋酸视黄酯、胆钙化醇、盐酸硫胺素、醋酸生育酚、核黄素、盐酸吡哆醇、氰钴胺、L-抗坏血酸、烟酰胺、烟酸、叶酸的质量比为0.003:0.2:0.001:0.001:0.002:0.0012:0.00006:2:0.002:0.002:0.0009。
复合矿物质由以下组分组成:磷酸三钙、碳酸镁、亚硒酸钠、乙二胺四乙酸铁钠,其中,磷酸三钙、碳酸镁、亚硒酸钠、乙二胺四乙酸铁钠的质量比为0.3:0.09:0.00004:0.009。
本实施例中的一种用于减重术后病人的流质食品的制备方法,具体包括以下步骤:
步骤1:首先将麦芽糊精、乳清蛋白粉、大豆低聚肽、MCT复合粉、全脂乳粉、植脂粉、无糖椰子粉、菊粉、冻干香蕉粉、甜叶菊苷、谷氨酰胺、低酯果胶加入到混合搅拌机中,并在温度60-70℃、转速200-220r/min的条件下混合4-6min,最后获得混合料。
步骤2:将步骤1获得混合料在温度为40-50℃的条件下粉碎10-15min分钟,获得粒径为100-120目的混合料粉末。
步骤3:将步骤2获得的混合粉末选用5-10kGy的辐照射线对其进行杀菌。
步骤4:将步骤3杀菌后的混合粉末在喷雾干燥机中进行干燥,并将干燥后的混合料粉末进行冷却筛粉,最后获得水分含量为3-5%的混合料粉末;其中,喷雾干燥机干燥的时候进风温度为90℃-200℃、出风温度为60℃-120℃,冷却筛粉时的进风温度为50℃、排风温度为30℃。
步骤5:在常温的条件下往步骤4获得水分含量为3-5%的混合料粉末中加入复合维生素和复合矿物质,得到干粉状的流质食品。
步骤6:将步骤5获得的流质食品在真空充氮包装机进行充氮包装,得到一种疏松多孔、水溶性强、口感丰富、营养充足的粉末状冲泡型流质食品。
由本实例制备的一种用于减重术后的流质食品,其营养成分如表3所示。
表3实施例3制备的流质食品的营养成分表
实施例4
将上述实施例1制备的一种用于减重术后病人的流质食品用于临床研究,并观察本发明实施例1制备的流质食品对减重患者术后恢复的影响。
(一)研究方法
研究对象:减重外科手术(包括LRYGB和LSG术)住院病人100例,其中,男42例,女58例;年龄18-50岁,平均32岁。
干预方法:使用随机数字表将病人平均分配到试验组和对照组,试验组使用的营养制剂为实施例1的流质食品,对照组使用浓缩乳清蛋白、麦芽糊精为主的医院流质食品。
试验组:手术后第2天经口摄入本实施例1制备的流质食品,每次82g流质食品用300ml温水冲泡后服用,每天3-5次。
对照组:相同方法给予术后患者每天等蛋白等能量的医院流质食品。
观察指标:
(1)主观评定:副作用观察。
(2)客观指标:BMI,白蛋白(ALB),前白蛋白(PA),T淋巴细胞亚群CD3+、CD4+、CD4/CD8;活性氧浓度(ROS),丙二醛浓度(MDA),超氧化物歧化酶活性(SOD),血浆谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性(GSH-Px);血清白细胞介素6(IL-6),血清白细胞介素10(IL-10),IL-6/IL-10;伤口愈合疗效。并将观察结果进行配对t检验统计,对比两组患者术后营养状况及免疫指标,其中,P值低于0.05为显著性差异,p值为0.01为极显著性差异。
(二)实验结果
(1)流质食品干预前后试验组和对照组的营养指标变化结果如表4所示。
表4流质食品干预前后试验组和对照组的营养指标表
其中,表4中的“a”表示与术前相比较,p<0.05或0.01;“b”表示与对照组相比较,p<0.05或0.01;“c”表示术后第2天与术后第10天相比较,p<0.05或0.01。
从表4可知,术后第2天试验组和对照组BMI无明显变化,其他各项指标相对于术前均有显著下降,而术后第10天试验组BMI显著下降,ALB、PA及T淋巴细胞亚群CD3+、CD4+、CD4/CD8数量显著增加,并与术前水平持平,试验组与对照组有显著性差异。该结果表明本发明所制得的流质食品能显著降低减重术后患者体重和提高患者的免疫力。
(2)流质食品干预前后试验组和对照组的血清细胞因子的变化如表5所示。
表5试验组和对比组的患者血清细胞因子变化表
其中,表5中的“a”表示与组内与术前比p<0.01,“b”表示组间与对照组相比p<0.01。
从表5可知,试验组和对照组的患者血清IL-6在术后第2天升至最高峰,较术前差异有非常显著性意义(p<0.01)。试验组患者的血清IL-6在组术后第10天IL-6几乎降至术前水平,而对照组患者的血清IL-6仍维持高水平,对照组患者术后第10天IL-6水平显著高于试验组(p<0.05)。两组患者术后血清IL-10与IL-6变化相似,但是术后第2天两者患者的血清IL-6/IL-10比值相对于术前均有所升高;术后第10天,试验组的血清IL-6/IL-10比值相对术前降低,对照组的血清IL-6/IL-10比值回到术前水平,但是术后第10天试验组的血清IL-6/IL-10比值显著低于对照组(p<0.05)。此结果表明本发明所制得的流质食品能够减轻患者术后炎症反应。
(3)流质食品干预前后试验组和对照组伤口愈合的结果如表6所示。
表6试验组和对比组的伤口愈合表
组别 | n(人) | 无效 | 显效 | 痊愈 | 总有效率(%) | 愈合时间 |
试验组 | 50 | 1 | 17 | 31 | 0.98 | 6.3±2.8 |
对照组 | 50 | 15 | 19 | 16 | 0.70** | 9.6±4.5** |
其中,表6中的“*”表示p<0.05,“**”表示p<0.01。
从表6可知,试验组伤口治愈总有效率高于对照组,且治愈时间极显著低于对照组。由此可得出本发明所制得的流质食品有助于减重手术患者伤口愈合。
综上所述,本发明解决现有技术中的技术缺陷。本发明通过将碳水化合物、蛋白质、脂肪、低酯果胶、甜叶菊苷、复合维生素、复合矿物质进行复合,形成一种能量低、蛋白质含量高、脂肪含量低的流质食品。本发明不仅有助于减重术后病人体重的减轻,还能增强患者抵抗力,预防术后维生素和矿物质的缺乏以及帮助患者术后肠胃功能恢复。同时还避免患者术后由于蛋白质补充不够加大对机体蛋白质的消耗,以及减少术后的反流和倾倒综合征的发生。
以上所述仅是本发明的部分实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (8)
1.一种用于减重术后病人的流质食品,其特征在于,所述流质食品包括碳水化合物、蛋白质、脂肪,其中,所述流质食品的能量为300-400kcal/82g,所述碳水化物的能量占所述流质食品能量的20-60%,所述蛋白质的能量占所述流质食品能量的25-75%,所述脂肪的能量占所述流质食品能量的5-15%;
所述流质食品还包括低酯果胶、甜叶菊苷、复合维生素、复合矿物质;
所述碳水化合物来源于麦芽糊精和菊粉;所述蛋白质来源于乳清蛋白粉、大豆低聚肽、全脂乳粉中的一种或多种;所述脂肪来源于MCT复合粉、全脂乳粉、植脂粉、无糖椰子粉中的一种或多种。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于减重术后病人的流质食品,其特征在于,所述MCT复合粉中含有中链甘油三酯。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于减重术后病人的流质食品,其特征在于,所述复合维生素由醋酸视黄酯、胆钙化醇、烟酸硫胺素、醋酸生育酚、核黄素、盐酸吡哆醇、氰钴胺、L-抗坏血酸、烟酰胺、烟酸组成。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于减重术后病人的流质食品,其特征在于,所述复合矿物质由磷酸三钙、碳酸镁、富硒酵母、乙二胺四乙酸铁钠组成。
5.根据权利1所述的一种用于减重术后病人的流质食品,其特征在于,所述流质食品还包括谷氨酰胺和调味品。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种用于减重术后病人的流质食品,其特征在于,所述调味品为抹茶粉或冻干香蕉粉。
7.一种用于减重术后病人的流质食品的制备方法,其特征在于,根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的流质食品的制备方法具体包括以下步骤:
步骤S1:首先将提供蛋白质的物质、提供脂肪的物质、提供碳水化合物的物质、低酯果胶、甜叶菊苷、谷氨酰胺、调味品加入到混合搅拌机中,并在温度60-70℃、转速200-220r/min的条件下混合4-6min,最后获得混合料;
步骤S2:将步骤S1获得的混合料在温度为40-50℃的条件下粉碎10-15min获得粒径为100-120目的混合料粉末;
步骤S3:将步骤S2获得的混合粉末选用5-10kGy的辐照射线对其进行杀菌;
步骤S4:将步骤S3杀菌后的混合粉末在喷雾干燥机中进行干燥,并将干燥后的混合料粉末进行冷却筛粉,最后获得水分含量为3-5%的混合料粉末;
步骤S5:在常温的条件下往步骤S4获得水分含量为3-5%的混合料粉末中加入复合维生素和复合矿物质,得到干粉状的流质食品;
步骤S6:将步骤S5获得的干粉状的流质食品进行充氮包装,得到一种疏松多孔、水溶性强、口感丰富、营养充足的粉末状冲泡型流质食品。
8.根据权利要求7所述的一种用于减重术后病人的流质食品的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S4干燥时喷雾干燥机的进风温度控制90℃~200℃、出风温度控制60℃~120℃;所述步骤S4中的冷却筛粉时的进风温度为50℃、排风温度为30℃。
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