CN111412216B - 滚动元件轴承单元、保持架以及安装方法 - Google Patents

滚动元件轴承单元、保持架以及安装方法 Download PDF

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CN111412216B
CN111412216B CN202010004243.8A CN202010004243A CN111412216B CN 111412216 B CN111412216 B CN 111412216B CN 202010004243 A CN202010004243 A CN 202010004243A CN 111412216 B CN111412216 B CN 111412216B
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bearing unit
rolling element
element bearing
cage
assembly
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CN111412216A (zh
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路德维希·埃德尔曼
多米尼克·纳姆斯洛
马蒂亚斯·舒勒
约翰内斯·赞戈
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/22—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings
    • F16C19/34—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load
    • F16C19/38—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of rollers
    • F16C19/383—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of rollers with tapered rollers, i.e. rollers having essentially the shape of a truncated cone
    • F16C19/385—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of rollers with tapered rollers, i.e. rollers having essentially the shape of a truncated cone with two rows, i.e. double-row tapered roller bearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/22—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings
    • F16C19/34—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load
    • F16C19/36—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load with a single row of rollers
    • F16C19/364—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load with a single row of rollers with tapered rollers, i.e. rollers having essentially the shape of a truncated cone
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/54—Systems consisting of a plurality of bearings with rolling friction
    • F16C19/541—Systems consisting of juxtaposed rolling bearings including at least one angular contact bearing
    • F16C19/542—Systems consisting of juxtaposed rolling bearings including at least one angular contact bearing with two rolling bearings with angular contact
    • F16C19/543—Systems consisting of juxtaposed rolling bearings including at least one angular contact bearing with two rolling bearings with angular contact in O-arrangement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/46—Cages for rollers or needles
    • F16C33/4605—Details of interaction of cage and race, e.g. retention or centring
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/46—Cages for rollers or needles
    • F16C33/4617—Massive or moulded cages having cage pockets surrounding the rollers, e.g. machined window cages
    • F16C33/4623—Massive or moulded cages having cage pockets surrounding the rollers, e.g. machined window cages formed as one-piece cages, i.e. monoblock cages
    • F16C33/4635—Massive or moulded cages having cage pockets surrounding the rollers, e.g. machined window cages formed as one-piece cages, i.e. monoblock cages made from plastic, e.g. injection moulded window cages
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/46—Cages for rollers or needles
    • F16C33/467—Details of individual pockets, e.g. shape or roller retaining means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/46—Cages for rollers or needles
    • F16C33/49—Cages for rollers or needles comb-shaped
    • F16C33/491—Cages for rollers or needles comb-shaped applied as pairs for retaining both ends of the rollers or needles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/58—Raceways; Race rings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/58—Raceways; Race rings
    • F16C33/60—Raceways; Race rings divided or split, e.g. comprising two juxtaposed rings
    • F16C33/605—Raceways; Race rings divided or split, e.g. comprising two juxtaposed rings with a separate retaining member, e.g. flange, shoulder, guide ring, secured to a race ring, adjacent to the race surface, so as to abut the end of the rolling elements, e.g. rollers, or the cage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/72—Sealings
    • F16C33/76—Sealings of ball or roller bearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/72—Sealings
    • F16C33/76—Sealings of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/78—Sealings of ball or roller bearings with a diaphragm, disc, or ring, with or without resilient members
    • F16C33/7803—Sealings of ball or roller bearings with a diaphragm, disc, or ring, with or without resilient members suited for particular types of rolling bearings
    • F16C33/7813—Sealings of ball or roller bearings with a diaphragm, disc, or ring, with or without resilient members suited for particular types of rolling bearings for tapered roller bearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2326/00—Articles relating to transporting
    • F16C2326/01—Parts of vehicles in general
    • F16C2326/02—Wheel hubs or castors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2326/00—Articles relating to transporting
    • F16C2326/20—Land vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/72—Sealings
    • F16C33/76—Sealings of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/768—Sealings of ball or roller bearings between relatively stationary parts, i.e. static seals
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/72—Sealings
    • F16C33/76—Sealings of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/78—Sealings of ball or roller bearings with a diaphragm, disc, or ring, with or without resilient members
    • F16C33/7869—Sealings of ball or roller bearings with a diaphragm, disc, or ring, with or without resilient members mounted with a cylindrical portion to the inner surface of the outer race and having a radial portion extending inward
    • F16C33/7873—Sealings of ball or roller bearings with a diaphragm, disc, or ring, with or without resilient members mounted with a cylindrical portion to the inner surface of the outer race and having a radial portion extending inward with a single sealing ring of generally L-shaped cross-section
    • F16C33/7876—Sealings of ball or roller bearings with a diaphragm, disc, or ring, with or without resilient members mounted with a cylindrical portion to the inner surface of the outer race and having a radial portion extending inward with a single sealing ring of generally L-shaped cross-section with sealing lips

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)

Abstract

提出一种滚动元件轴承单元，特别地，所述滚动元件轴承单元为车轮轴承单元，所述滚动元件轴承单元包括至少一个外圈(10)、至少一个内圈(12)、至少一个保持架(14)以及接触所述外圈和所述内圈并且布置在所述保持架的中间空间(18)中的多个滚动元件(16)，并且所述滚动元件轴承单元包括至少一个组件(20)，所述至少一个组件(20)布置在所述滚动元件轴承单元的轴向端部区域(22)处并且在轴向上邻近于所述外圈，其中，所述保持架包括将所述组件捕获地连接到所述保持架的至少一个连接单元(24)。

Description

滚动元件轴承单元、保持架以及安装方法
技术领域
本发明涉及轴承领域，更具体地，涉及滚动元件轴承单元(/滚动轴承单元)(rolling-element bearing unit)、保持架以及安装方法。
背景技术
已知滚动元件轴承单元包括外圈、内圈、保持架以及接触外圈和内圈并且布置在保持架的中间空间中的多个滚动元件。各种外圈是针对卡车车轮轴承专门设计和制造的。对于预装配的轴承，外圈延伸出一定长度并且被额外打磨，以能够制造带有预安装的密封件的轴承。
发明内容
特别地，本发明的目的包括提供效率提高的上述类型的滚动元件轴承单元。该目的通过技术方案1的特征和技术方案8的特征来创造性地实现，同时能够从从属技术方案获知本发明的有利的设计和进一步的改进。
提出一种滚动元件轴承单元，特别地，所述滚动元件轴承单元为车轮轴承单元，所述滚动元件轴承单元包括至少一个外圈、至少一个内圈、至少一个保持架以及接触所述外圈和所述内圈并且布置在所述保持架的中间空间中多个滚动元件，并且所述滚动元件轴承单元包括至少一个组件，所述至少一个组件布置在所述滚动元件轴承单元的轴向端部区域处并且在轴向上邻近于所述外圈，其中，所述保持架包括将所述组件以捕获的方式连接到所述保持架的至少一个连接单元。根据本发明，能够实现提高的效率。特别地，能够实现：尽管对滚动元件轴承单元的几何形状和载荷承载能力有各种要求，特别是关于其几何形状，但本发明能够使用由于其轴向尺寸小而具有较小重量的标准化外圈。此外，特别地，能够实现高灵活性和成本高效的设计。另外，还可以从各种已制造的轴承的部件装配新的、定制的滚动元件轴承组单元，特别是用于售后市场的滚动元件轴承单元。
其他优点从下面的附图描述中得出。附图中描绘了本发明的示例性实施例。附图、说明书和权利要求书包含许多组合的特征。本领域技术人员还将有利地单独考虑特征以及将它们组合成进一步有意义的组合。
附图说明
图1示出了本发明的滚动元件轴承单元的轴向截面，
图2示出了图1的放大的轴向端部区域，
图3示出了滚动元件轴承单元的局部截面的立体图，以及
图4示出了滚动元件轴承单元的保持架的立体图。
附图标记列表
10 外圈
12 内圈
14 保持架
16 滚动元件
18 中间空间
20 组件
22 端部区域
24 连接单元
26 保持元件
28 突起
30 密封件
32 凸耳
34 区域
36 区域
具体实施方式
图1示出了本发明的滚动元件轴承单元的轴向截面，滚动元件轴承单元被构造为卡车的车轮轴承单元，并且包括形成第一滚动元件轴承的外圈10、内圈12、保持架14以及多个滚动元件16。除了第一滚动元件轴承之外，滚动元件轴承单元还包括类似于第一滚动元件轴承、被构造为圆锥滚子轴承的第二滚动元件轴承。滚动元件接触外圈和内圈并且布置在保持架的中间空间18中(图3和图4)。滚动元件轴承单元包括组件(/组成部件)(component)20，组件20布置为在滚动元件轴承单元的轴向端部区域22处在轴向上邻近于外圈(图1至图3)。保持架包括连接单元24，连接单元24以过盈配合和捕获(/禁锢)(captive)的方式将组件连接到保持架。组件构造为相对于滚动元件轴承单元的旋转轴线旋转地对称。组件20包括构造为基本上为中空圆柱的区域34。区域34包括在面对外圈的轴向端部处在径向上指向内的突起28。连接单元的保持元件26接合突起28的后面并由此将组件捕获地(captively)连接到第一滚动元件轴承。突起28在保持元件与外圈之间的中间空间中具有间隙，以使在安装状态下，例如在卡车中，滚动元件轴承单元允许保持架相对于组件和外圈进行旋转运动。
保持元件26形成为从保持架的基本上为环形的区域36在径向上(/沿径向)向外延伸的凸耳(/凸起)(lug)32，环形区域36形成中间空间18的轴向边界。凸耳32布置为在区域36的圆周方向上均匀地间隔开。保持架在环形区域36处具有最大的直径。
密封件30被压入到组件中。组件由玻璃纤维增强的塑料制成。连接单元、突起28以及密封件30被压入到组件中的特性实现了组件相对于外圈10的特定对中。
在与轴向端部区域22相对的另一轴向端部区域处，滚动元件轴承单元包括与组件20相同并且以相同的方式附接到第二滚动元件轴承的另一组件。
在描述的状态下，滚动元件轴承单元是可运输的并且通过压入配合(pressing-in)、被直接安装到轮毂中，而无需其他工具，所述压入配合通过在组件上施加压力来实现。然后，通过压配(press-fit)将组件附接到轮毂中，并且具体地，使得如上所述保持架可以相对于外圈10旋转。
由于组件20的轴向长度的特定选择，相同类型的外圈可以分别用于滚动元件轴承单元的具有不同需求的轴向延伸长度，这节省了成本。特别地，在此能够使用标准的外圈。

Claims (12)

1.一种滚动元件轴承单元，所述滚动元件轴承单元包括至少一个外圈(10)、至少一个内圈(12)、至少一个保持架(14)以及接触所述外圈和所述内圈并且布置在所述保持架的中间空间(18)中的多个滚动元件(16)，并且所述滚动元件轴承单元包括至少一个组件(20)，所述至少一个组件(20)布置在所述滚动元件轴承单元的轴向端部区域(22)处并且在轴向上邻近于所述外圈，其中，所述保持架包括将所述组件捕获地连接到所述保持架的至少一个连接单元(24)，所述连接单元(24)包括保持元件(26)，所述保持元件(26)形成为从所述保持架(14)的环形区域(36)在径向上向外延伸的凸耳(32)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的滚动元件轴承单元，其特征在于，所述保持架与所述组件之间的连接使得当所述滚动元件轴承单元被安装时，在所述外圈和所述内圈相对于彼此旋转的运转过程期间，所述保持架相对于所述组件旋转。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的滚动元件轴承单元，其特征在于，所述连接单元以过盈配合的方式将所述保持架与所述组件彼此连接。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的滚动元件轴承单元，其特征在于，所述保持元件(26)接合所述组件的至少一个突起(28)的后面。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的滚动元件轴承单元，其特征在于，所述滚动元件轴承单元的密封件(30)被压入到所述组件中。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的滚动元件轴承单元，其特征在于，所述组件由至少一种塑料制成。
7.根据权利要求6所述的滚动元件轴承单元，其特征在于，所述组件由纤维玻璃增强的塑料制成。
8.根据权利要求1所述的滚动元件轴承单元，其特征在于，所述滚动元件轴承单元为车轮轴承单元。
9.一种机动车辆，所述机动车辆包括根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的滚动元件轴承单元，所述滚动元件轴承单元构造为车轮轴承单元。
10.根据权利要求9所述的机动车辆，其特征在于，所述机动车辆为卡车。
11.一种保持架，所述保持架用于根据权利要求1至8中的任一项所述的滚动元件轴承单元，其中，所述保持架包括在环形区域处的至少两个在径向上向外突出的凸耳(32)，并且所述保持架在所述环形区域处具有最大的直径。
12.一种滚动元件轴承单元的安装方法，其中，将根据权利要求1至8中的任一项所述的滚动元件轴承单元压入到轮毂中。
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