CN111363683A - Method and device for culturing edible tree fungi in indoor and outdoor artificial large-scale cultivation land - Google Patents
Method and device for culturing edible tree fungi in indoor and outdoor artificial large-scale cultivation land Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M41/00—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation
- C12M41/06—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation of illumination
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M25/00—Means for supporting, enclosing or fixing the microorganisms, e.g. immunocoatings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M29/00—Means for introduction, extraction or recirculation of materials, e.g. pumps
- C12M29/06—Nozzles; Sprayers; Spargers; Diffusers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/12—Unicellular algae; Culture media therefor
Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for cultivating nostoc commune artificially and massively indoors and outdoors, which provide all methods of collection, stock preparation, stock planting, planting management and harvest management of nostoc commune stock seeds. The method has the characteristics of simple culture device, low manufacturing cost, low cultivation technical difficulty, easy learning, no soil during the cultivation process and high growth speed, and is suitable for the cultivation method of the edible fungus in the indoor and outdoor artificial large-area cultivation land.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of biology, in particular to a method and a device for culturing nostoc commune artificially cultured indoors and outdoors in a large scale.
Background
The Nostoc commune is commonly known as Nostoc commune, nostoc, Nostoc commune, Nostoc Flammulina and the like, and belongs to common Nostoc algae in Nostoc of Cyanophyta, Cyanophyceae, Nostoc. The Nostoc commune is formed by winding numerous algae filaments on a rubber sheath. The Auricularia polytricha is olive green, dark green, flaky and elastic in a fresh state; in a dry and dehydrated state, the black fungus looks grey black and crusts like black fungus. There are two propagation modes of nostoc commune: firstly, pachycephala protonema produces chlamydospores, and the chlamydospores are divided and grown into new phycofilaments; secondly, the nostoc commune filaments are easy to break and isolate at the special-shaped cells to form a plurality of phycozoid sections, and each phycozoid section grows into a new phycofilament body through cell division.
The nostoc commune is rich in nutrition, rich in amino acids, multiple trace elements and vitamins necessary for human bodies and is a delicacy on the tables of people. Meanwhile, the nostoc commune has a certain medicinal value, is recorded in the traditional Chinese medicine and agricultural works in China, is sweet and nontoxic in taste, and can improve eyesight, tonify qi, nourish stomach and clear heat. The edible and medicinal properties of the nostoc commune are dual, so that the nostoc commune becomes one of the most common edible wild herbs on dining tables of people.
The growth of nostoc commune requires specific water and soil conditions and nutrient conditions. In natural environment, the nostoc commune grows on rough grass or broken stones with certain gradient and without water retention. Therefore, the wild agaric is difficult to collect and low in yield, and the collected agaric is accompanied with impurities such as soil, gravels, grass and the like and is not easy to clean. The algal filaments can grow only when the nostoc commune is in a fresh water-swelling state, so that the growth time of the wild nostoc commune is limited and the biological growth amount is limited due to the influence of natural rainfall conditions. With the acceleration of the modern industrialization process of human beings, on one hand, the growth environment of the nostoc commune is destroyed by human activities, so that the growth range of the nostoc commune is sharply reduced; on the other hand, the demand of people for green and healthy food resources is increased, the development of wild agaric resources is enhanced, and the wild agaric resources are sharply reduced. Therefore, a method for artificially cultivating nostoc commune indoors and outdoors in a large scale is urgently needed to solve the problem of protecting wild nostoc commune resources and meet the market demand of people on nostoc commune.
The Chinese patent CN 1197953C discloses a nutrient solution liquid culture method of nostoc commune, which comprises the steps of soaking wild nostoc commune in an ethanol solution, washing the soaked wild nostoc commune by a sterilization culture solution, grinding the washed wild nostoc commune into slurry, preparing a nostoc commune stock, culturing the stock in the culture solution, controlling the culture temperature to be 10-40 ℃, controlling the illumination intensity to be 10-1800 uE/square meter.s, and replacing the culture solution at the frequency of 10-20 days until the nostoc commune grows to meet the requirement. The culture method has high equipment requirement and great technical difficulty, the appearance of the finished product of the agaric is greatly different from that of the wild agaric, and the market popularization value is low. The Chinese invention patent CN101606468B discloses a cultivation method for cultivating agaric breeder seeds in a ground by using a beaker and a plastic bucket and planting the agaric breeder seeds in a cement pond in a large area. The method has the advantages of high technical requirement on stock seed preparation, large-area cement pond culture, high culture cost and low market popularization value. The Chinese invention patent CN 105660181B discloses a cultivation method for regularly spraying nutrient solution mist on cement slope paved with moss and soil. The method only imitates wild environment of Nostoc commune, and creates the dry-wet alternative rhythm required by Nostoc commune. However, the culture medium of the cultivated agaric is not easy to collect, the culture medium is easy to damage and unstable, and the agaric is not suitable for indoor cultivation. At present, the artificial cultivation method of the nostoc commune is nutrient solution liquid culture and solid medium culture, and the actual requirements of indoor and outdoor planting with low cost, easy operability and large-area and large-scale cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a simple and feasible culture device, a large-scale culture method for cultivating the ground agaric is realized by controlling the illumination intensity of a culture environment in a nutrient solution atomization culture mode, and the method has the characteristics of simple culture device, no soil in the culture process, high growth speed and the like.
The invention relates to a technical scheme for artificially cultivating nostoc commune on a large scale indoors and outdoors, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) and preparing a nostoc commune culture device: the culture device consists of a culture frame, a booster pump and a nutrient solution storage tank. Cultivate the frame outside by detachable transparent housing parcel, one side narrow limit side is provided with vent, ultrasonic atomization machine and agricultural air heater by last to down, cultivates the frame top and is provided with the multilayer shade net that can extend. Two layers of culture beds are arranged in the culture frame, and three micropore spray heads are arranged above each layer of culture bed. The culture bed consists of a stainless steel wire mesh with only warp threads and no weft threads and a fixed rod for fixing the auricularia auricula proto-body. The fixed rod is arranged below the steel wire mesh of the culture bed and is provided with a row of fixed needles which penetrate through the steel wire mesh. The ultrasonic atomization machine on the culture frame is directly connected with the culture solution storage tank through a liquid inlet pipe, and the micropore nozzle is connected with the booster pump and the culture solution storage tank through the liquid inlet pipe;
(2) preparing a culture solution: according to a blue-green algae culture medium BG-11 culture medium, 15g of sodium nitrate, 4g of dipotassium phosphate, 7.5g of magnesium sulfate, 3.6g of calcium chloride, 0.6g of citric acid, 0.6g of ferric ammonium citrate, 0.1g of disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, 2g of sodium carbonate and 100mL of trace element solution are sequentially added into 100L of distilled water. The preparation method of the trace element solution comprises the steps of sequentially adding 2.86g of boric acid, 1.86g of manganese chloride, 0.22g of zinc sulfate, 0.02g of sodium molybdate, 0.08g of copper sulfate and 0.05g of cobalt nitrate into 1L of distilled water. When adding, care should be taken that the next ingredient can be added after the former ingredient has dissolved sufficiently. Sterilizing the prepared culture solution mother solution for 30 minutes at the high temperature of 120 ℃, diluting the prepared culture solution mother solution by 10 times with well water dried for three days, and then putting the diluted culture solution mother solution into a culture solution storage tank to store the culture solution mother solution in a dark place for later use;
(3) and preparing stock seeds: cutting fresh nostoc commune which is olive green and vigorous in life into small pieces of nostoc commune with the size of 1-3 square centimeters to prepare stock seeds;
(4) and original planting: inoculating the stock seed prepared in the step (3) on the culture bed in the step (1), and fixing the stock seed by penetrating the nostoc commune stock seed through a fixing needle on a fixing rod;
(5) ①, adjusting the multilayer shading net in the step (1) 1-7 days before the original planting in the step (4) to control the illumination intensity inside the culture rack in the step (1) to be 500 LX-2000 LX as an adaptation period of the original planting, ② adjusting the multilayer shading net in the step (1) to ensure that the illumination intensity of the edible tree fungus growing in the planting field is 800 LX-4000 LX, ③ adjusting the illumination period inside the culture rack in the step (1) to ensure that the edible tree fungus has a relatively fixed illumination and darkness period, ④ drying and dehydrating the edible tree fungus in the step (4) by using a hot air machine in the step (1) to ensure that the original plant body of the edible tree in the step (4) is dried and dehydrated once every day, ⑤ atomizing the culture solution by using a micropore sprayer in the step (1) to ensure that the dried and dehydrated edible tree fungus absorbs water rapidly and recovers the growth vigor, ⑥, starting the ultrasonic atomizer in the step (1) at regular time every day to ensure that the culture solution is atomized and the culture solution is kept in a vigorous growth state all the time to keep the growth period of the ultrasonic atomization sprayer in the growing period and keep the growing period of the edible tree fungus growing at night;
(6) and (3) harvesting management: and (4) after the nostoc commune in the step (4) is cultured for a certain period, draining the nutrient solution in the nutrient solution storage tank in the step (1), repeatedly cleaning with water until no residual nutrient solution is left, and filling the nutrient solution storage tank with the dried well water. And (4) opening the micropore spray head, and repeatedly cleaning the nostoc commune in the step (4) by using well water until no residual nutrient solution is detected on the nostoc commune prototrophy. And D, continuously culturing the nostoc commune in the step (4) for 1-7 days by using the planting management method in the step E. And (3) finally, drying and dehydrating the nostoc commune by using the hot air blower in the step (1), and harvesting the cultured nostoc commune.
In the step (1), ①, the distance between steel wires of a stainless steel wire mesh of a culture bed is 0.5-7 mm, the steel wire mesh of the structure enables the culture bed not to have any water holding capacity, so that the edible fungi are prevented from rotting due to water retention of the culture bed, the edible fungi can also be cultured by the culture bed of other structures without the water holding capacity, ②, the diameter of the steel wires of the stainless steel wire mesh of the culture bed is 0.01-3 mm, the water holding capacity of the culture bed material is related to the surface tension and the material diameter of the material, the smaller the surface tension and the smaller the diameter of the material are, the poorer the water holding capacity of the material is, the material selected by the culture bed is 304 stainless steel, the 304 stainless steel has the characteristics of small surface tension, no toxicity, no harm and corrosion resistance, belongs to food-grade materials, the requirement that the small surface tension is met, the poor water holding capacity and the requirement can be used for manufacturing the culture bed, such as polytetrafluoroethylene plastics, polypropylene plastics and the like, ③, one side of a row of stainless steel needles with proper length are arranged below the fixed steel wire mesh, the fixed steel rod is not contacted with the original plant body.
In step (3), the fresh agaric is preferably wild agaric collected locally, or wild agaric collected from other adjacent areas.
In the step (5), ① nutrition is absorbed only by a mode of absorbing atomized culture solution and not by a culture bed or other modes, ② the original seeds are cultured 1-7 days before the cultivation, the culture environment needs to keep low illumination intensity of 500 LX-2000 LX and is used as an adaptation period of original seed cultivation, so that the original seeds are adapted to a new growth environment to recover vigorous growth vigor, ③ a multilayer shading net of the culture frame is adjusted, the LX daily growth illumination intensity is kept at an optimal 800 LX-4000 LX, ④ the cultivation of the auricularia polytricha needs a relatively fixed illumination period, the optimal illumination period of the auricularia polytricha is 12h illumination/12 h illumination, ⑤ a hot air blower of the cultivation device can quickly dry and dehydrate the auricularia polytricha dark place, the conditions of quick drying and dehydration are proper air speed and temperature, ⑥ a water spray head of the cultivation device is high in water yield, can be used for quickly recovering water absorption of original auricularia polytricha ground auricularia polytricha body, an ultrasonic water absorption and water absorption of the hot air blower of the cultivation device can be supplemented, the original auricularia polytricha water absorption process can be maintained in a water absorption state, the growth period is maintained, the water absorption and the water absorption of the nutrition of the original auricularia polytricha moisture supplement is maintained in a water supplement and the growth period, the growth process is maintained in a stable water supplement state, and a stable water supplement.
In the step (6), ①, the well water is detected and is suitable for a water source for cultivating the nostoc commune, ②, the nostoc commune is repeatedly washed by the dried well water and is cultivated by the well water for 1-7 days, so that the culture solution remained on the nostoc commune prototroph is thoroughly eliminated.
The special culture bed solves the problem that the nostoc commune needs water in the growth process, but the nostoc commune is rotten and goes bad due to water stagnation. A single bed can harvest 3.9 kg of fresh Nostoc commune in one cultivation period. The cultivation facility provided by the invention is simple, easy to operate, high and stable in yield, and low in technical requirement difficulty required by planting personnel, and meets the technical requirements of indoor and outdoor artificial large-scale cultivation of the ground agaric.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a Tremella culture shelf;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the top of the culture bed for Nostoc commune;
FIG. 3 is a schematic front side view of a culture bed for Nostoc commune;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the Tremella fixing rod.
In the figure: 1. detachable printing opacity shell, 2, vent, 3, ultrasonic atomization machine, 4, agricultural air heater, 5, multilayer shade net, 6, nutrient solution storage jar, 7, feed liquor pipe, 8, force pump, 9, micropore shower nozzle, 10, cultivate the bed, 11, ground auricularia auriculajudae fixed rod, 12, ground auricularia auriculajudae fixed needle, 13, 304 stainless steel wire.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. The exemplary embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are provided for illustration only and not for the purpose of limiting the invention. Other embodiments, which will be apparent to those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains without further inventive faculty, are within the scope of the invention.
The first embodiment is as follows: placing the culture device of Auricularia polytricha in room for culturing Auricularia polytricha
1. Preparation of Nostoc commune culture device
Fig. 1 to 4 show a nostoc commune culture device, which comprises the following structures:
as shown in figure 1, the culture shelf is wrapped with a detachable transparent shell 1, and the top of the culture shelf is provided with an extensible multilayer shading net 5. The culture shelf is provided with a ventilation opening 2 at the upper part of one side of the narrow sides of the four sides, an ultrasonic atomizer 3 at the middle part and an agricultural hot air blower 4 at the lower part. The cultivation floor is provided with two layers of cultivation beds 10. The ultrasonic atomizer 3 on the culture shelf is connected with a nutrient solution storage tank 6 through a liquid inlet pipe 7, and the micropore nozzle 9 is connected with a pressure pump 8 and the nutrient solution storage tank 6 through the liquid inlet pipe 7;
as shown in FIG. 2, the cultivating bed 10 of Auricularia polytricha is composed of equidistant longitudinal 304 stainless steel wires 13 and Auricularia polytricha fixing rods 11;
as shown in fig. 3, the agaric fixing rod 11 is positioned below a 304 stainless steel wire 13 of the culture bed, and the agaric fixing needle 12 penetrates through the steel wire mesh culture bed for a certain distance;
as shown in fig. 4, a row of fixing needles 12 with a proper length are arranged on one side of the ground agaric fixing rod 11.
2. Preparing culture solution
Preparing a trace element solution: 2.86g of boric acid, 1.86g of manganese chloride, 0.22g of zinc sulfate, 0.02g of sodium molybdate, 0.08g of copper sulfate and 0.05g of cobalt nitrate were added to 1L of distilled water in this order. When adding, care should be taken that the next ingredient can be added after the former ingredient has dissolved sufficiently. Obtaining the trace element solution.
In 100L of distilled water after filtration, 15g of sodium nitrate, 4g of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 7.5g of magnesium sulfate, 3.6g of calcium chloride, 0.6g of citric acid, 0.6g of ferric ammonium citrate, 0.1g of disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate, 2g of sodium carbonate and 100mL of trace element solution were added in this order. When adding, care should be taken that the next ingredient can be added after the former ingredient has dissolved sufficiently. Obtaining the mother liquid of the culture solution.
Adjusting the pH value of the mother liquor to 7.0 by using sodium hydroxide or sodium chloride, and adding 900L of well water which meets the planting requirement through detection. And then sterilizing at the high temperature of 120 ℃ for 20 minutes, cooling, and then placing into a nutrient solution storage tank to store in a dark place for later use.
3. Indoor culture device preparation
The agaric culture device shown in figure 1 is placed in a room without a light source, a full spectrum tissue culture lamp is installed in the room, and the illumination intensity is controlled to be 3000 LX-4000 LX.
4. Preparation of stock seed
Collecting olive green wild Auricularia auricula with vigorous vitality in field, cutting into small pieces of Auricularia auricula with size of about 2 square centimeters, and making into stock for planting.
5. Planting of stock
The stock seeds are fixed by penetrating the stock seeds through the fixing needles 12 on the fixing rods, and 1200 pieces of stock seeds are planted on average per square meter of the culture bed.
6. Cultivation management
①, adjusting the multilayer shading net 5 to control the illumination intensity inside the cultivation frame to be about 1000LX as the adaptation period of the stock planting 2 days before the stock planting, ②, after the stock planting 2 days, retracting the multilayer shading net 5 to keep the illumination intensity inside the cultivation frame to be the same as that of the indoor space with 3000 LX-4000 LX, ③, controlling the turn-on time of an indoor full-spectrum tissue culture lamp to keep the illumination period of the ground edible fungus at 12h illumination/12 h darkness, ④, starting the agricultural hot air blower 4 every 6 o ' clock in the morning to dry and dehydrate the ground edible fungus original plant once, ⑤, after the ground edible fungus is dried and dehydrated, immediately spraying the atomized culture solution by using the micropore nozzle 9 to enable the ground edible fungus original plant to rapidly absorb water and recover the vitality, ⑥, starting from 8 o ' clock in the morning every day, starting the ultrasonic atomizer 3 every 2 hours, stopping starting the ultrasonic atomizer 3 and the nozzle 9 after 18 o ' clock in the evening, so as to maintain the vigorous water absorption and nutrition growth of the ground edible fungus original plant in the expansion state and maintain the optimum growth period of the ground edible fungus.
7. Harvesting management
After the cultivated agaric is cultivated for one month, the nutrient solution in the nutrient solution storage tank 6 is drained, then the agaric is repeatedly washed by water until no nutrient solution is remained, and the nutrient solution storage tank 6 is filled with well water dried for three days. Then opening the micropore spray head, repeatedly cleaning the nostoc commune on the culture bed 10 by using clear water until no residual culture solution can be detected by the nostoc commune original plant, and then culturing the nostoc commune for 7 days by using well water which is aired for three days according to the above culture management steps so as to completely eliminate the residual culture solution on the nostoc commune original plant. And finally, drying and dehydrating the ground agaric by using an agricultural hot air blower 4, and harvesting the cultivated ground agaric.
After the cultivation period, about 3.9 kg of fresh nostoc commune can be harvested per square meter of culture bed per month on average.
Example two: placing the ground agaric culture device into a greenhouse
1. Preparation of Nostoc commune culture device
A culture apparatus as shown in FIG. 1 was prepared.
2. Preparing culture solution
Preparing a trace element solution: to 500mL of distilled water were added 1.43g of boric acid, 0.93g of manganese chloride, 0.11g of zinc sulfate, 0.01g of sodium molybdate, 0.04g of copper sulfate and 0.03g of cobalt nitrate in this order. When adding, care should be taken that the next ingredient can be added after the former ingredient has dissolved sufficiently. Obtaining the trace element solution.
7.5g of sodium nitrate, 2g of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 3.75g of magnesium sulfate, 1.8g of calcium chloride, 0.3g of citric acid, 0.3g of ferric ammonium citrate, 0.05g of disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate, 2g of sodium carbonate and 100mL of trace element solution are added in sequence into 500L of filtered distilled water. When adding, care should be taken that the next ingredient can be added after the former ingredient has dissolved sufficiently. Obtaining the mother liquid of the culture solution.
Adjusting the pH value of the mother liquor to 7.0 by using sodium hydroxide or sodium chloride, and adding 450L of well water which meets the planting requirement through detection. And then sterilizing at the high temperature of 120 ℃ for 20 minutes, cooling, and then placing into a nutrient solution storage tank to store in a dark place for later use.
3. Outdoor culture device preparation
The agaric culture device shown in figure 1 is placed in a greenhouse, no shelter is arranged on the top of the greenhouse, and sunlight is sufficient.
4. Preparation of stock seed
Collecting olive green wild Auricularia auricula with vigorous vitality in field, cutting into small pieces of Auricularia auricula with size of about 1 square centimeter, and making into stock for planting.
5. Planting of stock
The stock seeds are fixed by penetrating the stock seeds through the fixing needles 12 on the fixing rods, and 1200 pieces of stock seeds are planted on average per square meter of the culture bed.
6. Cultivation management
①, 3 days before the original planting, adjusting the multilayer shading net 5 to control the illumination intensity inside the cultivation frame to be about 1500LX as the adaptation period of the original planting, ②, 3 days after the original planting, adjusting the multilayer shading net 5 to keep the illumination intensity inside the cultivation frame at 2000 LX-3000 LX, ③, adjusting the illumination period inside the ground agaric cultivation frame to be consistent with the external solar illumination period, ④, collecting the multilayer shading net 5 when the sunshine is strong at noon every day to dry and dehydrate the ground agaric original plant once, using an agricultural hot air blower 4 to dry and dehydrate the ground agaric in rainy days, ⑤, immediately spraying the atomized culture solution by using a micropore nozzle 9 after the ground agaric is dried and dehydrated to enable the ground agaric original plant to rapidly absorb water and restore the vitality of the ground agaric original plant, ⑥, starting from 6 o 'clock every day, starting from 2 o' clock, starting every 2 hours, starting the ultrasonic atomizer 3 every day, stopping the water absorption and maintaining the ultrasonic atomizer 3 and the optimum growth state of the ground agaric original plant to keep the vigorous growth state and the nutrition of the ground cultivated plants all the time.
7. Harvesting management
After the cultivated agaric is cultivated for one month, the nutrient solution in the nutrient solution storage tank 6 is drained, then the agaric is repeatedly washed by water until no nutrient solution is remained, and the nutrient solution storage tank 6 is filled with well water dried for three days. Then opening the micropore spray head, repeatedly cleaning the nostoc commune on the culture bed 10 by using clear water until no residual culture solution can be detected by the nostoc commune original plant, and then culturing the nostoc commune for 3 days by using well water aired for three days according to the above culture management steps so as to thoroughly eliminate the residual culture solution on the nostoc commune original plant. And finally, dehydrating and drying the ground agaric by using an agricultural hot air blower 4 or natural illumination, and harvesting the cultivated ground agaric.
After the cultivation period, about 3.6 kg of fresh nostoc commune can be harvested per square meter of culture bed per month on average.
Claims (5)
1. A method and a device for culturing ground edible fungus artificially and massively indoors and outdoors are characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) and preparing a nostoc commune culture device: the culture device consists of a culture frame, a booster pump and a nutrient solution storage tank. Cultivate the frame outside by detachable transparent housing parcel, one side narrow limit side is provided with vent, ultrasonic atomization machine and agricultural air heater by last to down, cultivates the frame top and is provided with the multilayer shade net that can extend. Two layers of culture beds are arranged in the culture frame, and three micropore spray heads are arranged above each layer of culture bed. The culture bed consists of a stainless steel wire mesh with only warp threads and no weft threads and a fixed rod for fixing the auricularia auricula proto-body. The fixed rod is arranged below the steel wire mesh of the culture bed and is provided with a row of fixed needles which penetrate through the steel wire mesh. The ultrasonic atomization machine on the culture frame is directly connected with the culture solution storage tank through a liquid inlet pipe, and the micropore nozzle is connected with the booster pump and the culture solution storage tank through the liquid inlet pipe;
(2) preparing a culture solution: according to a blue-green algae culture medium BG-11 culture medium, 15g of sodium nitrate, 4g of dipotassium phosphate, 7.5g of magnesium sulfate, 3.6g of calcium chloride, 0.6g of citric acid, 0.6g of ferric ammonium citrate, 0.1g of disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, 2g of sodium carbonate and 100mL of trace element solution are sequentially added into 100L of distilled water. The preparation method of the trace element solution comprises the steps of sequentially adding 2.86g of boric acid, 1.86g of manganese chloride, 0.22g of zinc sulfate, 0.02g of sodium molybdate, 0.08g of copper sulfate and 0.05g of cobalt nitrate into 1L of distilled water. When adding, care should be taken that the next ingredient can be added after the former ingredient has dissolved sufficiently. Sterilizing the prepared culture solution mother solution for 30 minutes at the high temperature of 120 ℃, diluting the prepared culture solution mother solution by 10 times with well water dried for three days, and then putting the diluted culture solution mother solution into a culture solution storage tank to store the culture solution mother solution in a dark place for later use;
(3) and preparing stock seeds: cutting fresh nostoc commune which is olive green and vigorous in life into small pieces of nostoc commune with the size of 1-3 square centimeters to prepare stock seeds;
(4) and original planting: inoculating the stock seed prepared in the step (3) on the culture bed in the step (1), and fixing the stock seed by penetrating the nostoc commune stock seed through a fixing needle on a fixing rod;
(5) ①, adjusting the multilayer shading net in the step (1) 1-7 days before the original planting in the step (4) to control the illumination intensity inside the culture rack in the step (1) to be 500 LX-2000 LX as an adaptation period of the original planting, ② adjusting the multilayer shading net in the step (1) to ensure that the illumination intensity of the edible tree fungus growing in the planting field is 800 LX-4000 LX, ③ adjusting the illumination period inside the culture rack in the step (1) to ensure that the edible tree fungus has a relatively fixed illumination and darkness period, ④ drying and dehydrating the edible tree fungus in the step (4) by using a hot air blower in the step (1) to ensure that the original plant body of the edible tree in the step (4) is dried and dehydrated once every day, ⑤ atomizing the culture solution by using a micropore sprayer in the step (1) to ensure that the dried edible tree fungus absorbs water rapidly and recovers the growth, ⑥, starting the ultrasonic atomizer in the step (1) at fixed time every day to ensure that the water absorption and the atomized culture solution in the culture solution is kept in the optimal growth period and the atomized culture solution is kept in the optimal growth state all the time to keep the growth period of the ultrasonic cultivation in the growing period at night;
(6) and (3) harvesting management: and (4) after the nostoc commune in the step (4) is cultured for a certain period, draining the nutrient solution in the nutrient solution storage tank in the step (1), repeatedly cleaning with water until no residual nutrient solution is left, and filling the nutrient solution storage tank with the dried well water. And (4) opening the micropore spray head, and repeatedly cleaning the nostoc commune in the step (4) by using well water until no residual nutrient solution is detected on the nostoc commune prototrophy. And D, continuously culturing the nostoc commune in the step (4) for 1-7 days by using the planting management method in the step E. And (3) finally, drying and dehydrating the nostoc commune by using the hot air blower in the step (1), and harvesting the cultured nostoc commune.
2. The method and apparatus for cultivating Auricularia polytricha indoor and outdoor artificial mass cultivation land as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (1):
the distance between the steel wires of the stainless steel wire mesh of the culture bed is 0.5-7 mm, the steel wire mesh of the structure enables the culture bed not to have any water holding capacity, so that the nostoc commune is prevented from being rotted due to the stagnant water of the culture bed, and the nostoc commune can be cultured by using other culture beds with structures without water holding capacity;
the diameter of a steel wire of the stainless steel wire mesh of the culture bed is 0.01-3 mm, the water holding capacity of a culture bed material is related to the surface tension and the diameter of the material, the smaller the surface tension and the diameter of the material are, the poorer the water holding capacity of the material is, the material selected by the culture bed is 304 stainless steel, and the 304 stainless steel has the characteristics of small surface tension, no toxicity, no harm and corrosion resistance, belongs to a food-grade material, and can be used for manufacturing the culture bed, such as polytetrafluoroethylene plastic, polypropylene plastic and the like, when the requirements on small surface tension, poor water holding capacity and food-grade requirements are met;
one side of the fixing rod is provided with a row of stainless steel needles with proper length, the fixing rod is positioned below the steel wire mesh, and the fixing rod is not contacted with the ground agaric protograft and is only used for fixing the position of the ground agaric protograft through the steel needles on the body.
3. The method and apparatus for cultivating Auricularia polytricha indoor and outdoor artificial mass cultivation land as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (3): the fresh agaric is wild agaric collected in local area, and may be wild agaric collected from other adjacent areas.
4. The method and apparatus for cultivating Auricularia auricula indoors and outdoors according to claim 1, wherein in step (5):
the nutrient source for the growth of the cultivated auricularia auricula is only one way of absorbing the atomized culture solution, and does not absorb the nutrition through the culture bed or other ways;
1-7 days before the stock seeds are cultivated, the cultivation environment is kept at low illumination intensity of 500-2000 LX and is used as an adaptation period of the stock seeds, so that the stock seeds adapt to a new growth environment and recover vigorous growth vigor;
the multilayer shading net of the culture shelf is properly adjusted, so that the daily growth illumination intensity of the agaric is kept at the most suitable 800 LX-4000 LX;
the cultivation of the nostoc commune requires a relatively fixed illumination period, and the optimal illumination period of the nostoc commune is 12h of illumination/12 h of darkness;
the hot air blower of the culture device can quickly dry and dehydrate the nostoc commune, and the conditions of quick drying and dehydration of the nostoc commune are proper wind speed and temperature;
the water yield of the micropore nozzle of the culture device is high, the micropore nozzle can be used for enabling the nostoc commune proto to absorb water quickly and restore the growth vigor, the water yield of the ultrasonic atomization machine is low, and the micropore nozzle is started for a plurality of times at regular time and can be used for supplementing the water loss in the nostoc commune growth process and maintaining the vigorous growth vigor of the nostoc commune in a water-absorbing expansion state;
and the nutrient solution atomization culture of the nostoc commune is stopped in the dark illumination period, and the nutrition and moisture supply period of the nostoc commune in the planting field is maintained, so that the original and final culture state of the nostoc commune is kept in the optimal state.
5. The method and apparatus for cultivating Auricularia polytricha indoor and outdoor artificial mass cultivation land as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (6): the well water is a water source which is detected and is suitable for cultivating the agaric; the well water is used for repeatedly washing the ground agaric after being aired, and the ground agaric is cultured by the well water for 1-7 days, so that the culture solution remained on the ground agaric protoplanting body is thoroughly eliminated.
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| CN113170701A (en) * | 2021-05-06 | 2021-07-27 | 安康学院 | Lentinus edodes compost prepared from ramulus mori and cultivation method |
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