CN113170701A - Lentinus edodes compost prepared from ramulus mori and cultivation method - Google Patents

Lentinus edodes compost prepared from ramulus mori and cultivation method Download PDF

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CN113170701A
CN113170701A CN202110490442.9A CN202110490442A CN113170701A CN 113170701 A CN113170701 A CN 113170701A CN 202110490442 A CN202110490442 A CN 202110490442A CN 113170701 A CN113170701 A CN 113170701A
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nutrient solution
mushrooms
spirulina
ramulus mori
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CN113170701B (en
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黎欢吉
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Ankang University
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G18/00Cultivation of mushrooms
    • A01G18/20Culture media, e.g. compost
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G18/00Cultivation of mushrooms
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05FORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F11/00Other organic fertilisers
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05GMIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G5/00Fertilisers characterised by their form
    • C05G5/20Liquid fertilisers

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  • Mycology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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  • Mushroom Cultivation (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a mushroom culture material prepared by utilizing mulberry twigs and a cultivation method, belongs to the technical field of edible mushroom cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for cultivating mushrooms by utilizing the mulberry twigs culture material prepared by soaking mulberry twigs in a nutrient solution and mixing the mulberry twigs with sawdust, gypsum and bran. According to the invention, the mushroom compost prepared from the mulberry twigs is used for cultivating the mushrooms, so that the growth speed of hyphae can be effectively promoted, the yield of the mushrooms is increased, and the quality of the mushrooms can be improved.

Description

Lentinus edodes compost prepared from ramulus mori and cultivation method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of edible fungus cultivation, in particular to a mushroom compost prepared by utilizing mulberry twigs and a cultivation method.
Background
Lentinus edodes belongs to Basidiomycetes (Basidaomyetes), Agaricales (Agaricales), Tricholomataceae (Tricholomataceae), Lentinus (Lentinus), and Lentinus edodes, and the academic name Lentinus edodes originates from China, is the second largest mushroom in the world, and is also a rare edible fungus which is famous for a long time in China. The mushroom is cultivated in China at first, and the history of more than 800 years is available up to now. The mushroom is also a famous medicinal fungus in China.
The spores of the mushroom germinate into hyphae, and the hyphae grow, develop and differentiate to form sporocarp. The fruiting body is formed into countless spores, which is the life history of the mushroom. Under natural conditions, the life history needs about 8-12 months or even longer, but the life history is shortened by 3-4 months by adopting the artificial cultivation of the wood chips, thereby greatly shortening the production period of the mushrooms.
The generation of shiitake has three main stages. The first stage is as follows: spores germinate into unicellular multinucleate hyphae under certain temperature and humidity, then diaphragms are generated to form multicellular mononuclear, and due to the fact that the lentinus is combined by different substances and has sexual differences, the mononucleate hyphae germinated by the single spores are sterile and cannot be differentiated to form lentinus edodes fruiting bodies. And a second stage: when the mononuclear hyphae grow to a certain stage, two different 'sexual' mononuclear hyphaes generate bulges at the adjacent parts, the bulges are contacted with each other after the bulges are elongated, two cells with different characteristics are communicated with each other, the protoplasm is fused together, one cell nucleus is transferred into the other cell nucleus, the matching of the protoplasm is completed, the cells are changed into multi-cell double-core hyphae, and then the multi-cell double-core hyphae is subjected to locked combination, is also called as multi-cell double-core hyphae, is thicker than the first hyphae, grows fast and is strong in vitality. And a third stage: when the binuclear hyphae after the locking combination grows to a certain physiological stage, a very dense hypha tissue is formed under a proper condition to form primordia of the fruiting body, and the primordia further develop into mushroom buds and finally develop into the fruiting body.
The requirements of mushroom cultivation on external environmental conditions mainly include moisture, nutrients, temperature, air, light and pH value, and mushrooms belong to saprophytic fungi and can only absorb carbon sources, nitrogen sources, mineral substances and the like from ready-made nutrient substrates for growth and development. Therefore, the preparation of the culture material for culturing the shiitake is extremely important.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a mushroom compost prepared by utilizing mulberry twigs, which is prepared according to the following method: firstly, soaking mulberry twigs in nutrient solution, draining, and uniformly mixing with wood chips, gypsum and bran to obtain the mulberry twig nutrient solution;
the nutrient solution is prepared by fermenting grape leaves, alfalfa leaves, spirulina platensis and spirulina platensis culture solution.
The invention also provides a method for cultivating mushrooms by using the mushroom compost, which comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a mulberry twig culture material: crushing ramulus Mori, soaking in nutrient solution for 7-9d, draining, adding sawdust, Gypsum Fibrosum and testa Tritici, mixing, adding 30-40 deg.C warm water, stirring to obtain ramulus Mori compost, bagging, and sterilizing;
the nutrient solution is prepared by mixing grape leaves, alfalfa leaves, spirulina platensis and spirulina culture solution according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1-2:10 and performing closed fermentation;
s2, inoculation: punching and inoculating on the fungus bags when the temperature of the fungus bags is reduced to 10-15 ℃;
s3, spawn running management: controlling the spawn running temperature at 25-27 ℃, carrying out first bag turning when the spawn running reaches 12 th-13 th days, and carrying out second bag turning when the spawn running reaches 25-27 th days;
s4, fruiting management: the fungus bag is expanded and swells to form a tumor-shaped object, more than 80% of the surface area is converted into brown to indicate that the fungus age is physiologically mature, and the relative space humidity during fruiting period is preferably kept at 85-90%.
And S5, harvesting.
Preferably, in S1, the mass ratio of the drained ramulus mori to the wood chips, the gypsum and the bran is 100-120:20:3: 30.
Preferably, in S1, the fermentation temperature of the nutrient solution is 28-32 ℃.
Preferably, the specific fermentation process of the nutrient solution is as follows: firstly, adding the spirulina into the spirulina culture solution for anaerobic fermentation for 48-52h, and then adding the crushed grape leaves and alfalfa leaves for continuous fermentation for 12-16 h.
Preferably, the spirulina culture solution is BG-11 liquid culture medium.
Preferably, the soaking dosage ratio of the mulberry twigs to the nutrient solution is 10kg: 15-20L.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, the cultivation of the mushrooms is carried out by preparing the mulberry twig compost, so that the spawn running time of the mushrooms is greatly shortened, the yield of the mushrooms is improved, and the quality of the mushrooms is greatly improved through determination;
2. according to the invention, the mulberry twigs are crushed and soaked in the nutrient solution, so that the mulberry twigs absorb a large amount of nutrient substances from the nutrient solution, the nutrient content of the mulberry twigs is greatly improved, and sufficient nutrition is provided for the growth of mushrooms;
3. the nutrient solution disclosed by the invention contains high-content protein, amino acid and other nutrient substances through fermentation of grape leaves, alfalfa leaves and spiral blue-green algae, so that the rapid growth of hyphae is facilitated, the hypha growth time is shortened, and the culture efficiency is improved.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of specific embodiments of the invention is provided, but it should be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention. The experimental methods described in the examples of the present invention are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified.
Example 1:
a method for cultivating shiitake mushrooms by utilizing mulberry twigs comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing culture materials: taking 100kg of mulberry twigs, crushing the mulberry twigs to the particle size of 5mm, soaking the mulberry twigs in 150L of nutrient solution for 7 days, fishing out the mulberry twigs, draining the mulberry twigs until the water content is 10%, adding 20kg of sawdust, 3kg of gypsum and 30kg of bran, uniformly mixing, and drying to obtain a dry mixed material. Then 153kg of warm water at 30 ℃ is added, the mulberry twig culture material is obtained after even stirring, bagging is completed within 3 hours (the bagging specification is 20 x 55 cm by adopting a low-pressure polyethylene film, 1.5 kg of dry material can be contained in each bag, one end of a plastic bag is sealed before loading, the air leakage is absolutely avoided, the culture material which is evenly stirred is loaded into the bag, the tightness is proper, the center of the loaded bag is held by hands, the loose feeling is avoided, and the two ends do not droop to the degree). Sterilizing with normal pressure oven at 100 deg.C for 12 hr.
The specific fermentation process of the nutrient solution is as follows: crushing grape leaves and alfalfa leaves to 8mm, uniformly mixing, adding the spirulina into a spirulina culture solution, performing anaerobic fermentation at 28 ℃ for 48 hours, adding a mixture of the grape leaves and the alfalfa leaves, and continuing to ferment for 12 hours, wherein the spirulina culture solution is a BG-11 liquid culture medium.
The mass ratio of the grape leaves to the alfalfa leaves to the spirulina platensis culture solution is 1:1:1: 10.
The BG-11 liquid culture medium comprises the following components in percentage by weight: NaNO3 1.5g,K2HPO4 0.04g,MgSO4·7H2O0.075g,CaCl2·7H2O 0.036g,Na2CO30.02g, citric acid 0.006g, ferric citrate 0.006g, microelement solution A51 ml, ampicillin (final concentration) 50 μ g/ml, and distilled water 1000 ml.
S2, inoculation: inoculating when the temperature of the fungus bag is reduced to 15 ℃, wherein all tools used in the inoculating process are sterilized in advance, and the inoculating process specifically comprises the following steps: firstly, punching holes (the hole depth is 4cm) on the fungus bags, and then uniformly breaking off the fungus strains into blocks for inoculation.
3 fungus bags are stacked in rows in a triangular manner, the inoculation holes are arranged towards the side surface, and a walkway is reserved between the rows, so that ventilation, temperature reduction and examination of the growth condition of the fungus bags are facilitated;
s3, spawn running management: and (4) controlling the spawn running temperature to be 25 ℃, carrying out first bag turning when the spawn running reaches 12 days, carrying out second bag turning when the spawn running reaches 25 days, disinfecting the space before and after bag turning, and continuing culturing when hyphae grow to fill the material bag.
S4, fruiting management: when the mycelia on the periphery of the inner wall of the mushroom bag expand, have wrinkles and raised nodules and gradually increase to account for 2/3 of the whole bag surface, more than 80% of the surface area is converted into brown, the mushroom bag can be taken off after the mushroom ages are physiologically mature, the relative space humidity of the mushrooms is preferably kept at 85% during fruiting, and the relative space humidity is gradually reduced after mushroom buds are formed until the space humidity is adjusted to about 70% during harvesting.
S5, harvesting: when the sporocarp grows to be eighty percent mature, namely the fungus cover is obvious in edge covering, the fungus membrane can be harvested when being initially broken, no residual root is left in a culture medium during harvesting, harvested mushrooms need to be stored in a large and small separated mode so as to avoid being separated into multiple ridges again, attention needs to be paid to strictly prevent impurities from being mixed into the mushroom body, and the harvested mushrooms need to be sold in time or sent to a fresh-keeping warehouse for refrigeration.
Example 2
The method for cultivating the shiitake mushrooms by utilizing the mulberry twigs is basically the same as the step of the embodiment 1, and is characterized in that:
in S1, 100kg of ramulus mori is soaked in 180L of nutrient solution for 8 days;
the mixing mass ratio of the ramulus mori, the sawdust, the gypsum and the bran is 110:20:3:30, and the dry mixed materials are mixed and stirred with warm water at 35 ℃;
the nutrient solution is prepared by mixing grape leaves, alfalfa leaves, spirulina platensis and spirulina culture solution according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1.5:10, and performing closed fermentation.
In S2, the spawn running temperature is controlled to be 26 ℃, the first bag turning is carried out when the spawn running reaches the 13 th day, and the second bag turning is carried out when the spawn running reaches the 26 th day;
in S4, the relative space humidity during fruiting is preferably kept at 88%.
Example 3
The method for cultivating the shiitake mushrooms by utilizing the mulberry twigs is basically the same as the step of the embodiment 1, and is characterized in that:
in S1, 100kg of ramulus mori is soaked in 200L of nutrient solution for 9 days;
the mixing mass ratio of the ramulus mori, the sawdust, the gypsum and the bran is 120:20:3:30, and the dry mixed materials are mixed and stirred with warm water at 40 ℃;
the nutrient solution is prepared by mixing grape leaves, alfalfa leaves, spirulina platensis and spirulina culture solution according to the mass ratio of 1:1:2:10 and performing closed fermentation.
In S2, the spawn running temperature is controlled to be 27 ℃, first bag turning is carried out when spawn running reaches 13d, and second bag turning is carried out when spawn running reaches 27 d;
in S4, the relative space humidity is preferably kept at 90% during fruiting.
Comparative example 1
A method for cultivating mushrooms is basically the same as the steps in the embodiment 1, and is characterized in that:
in S1, the mulberry twig is crushed and directly mixed with wood chips, gypsum and bran to prepare the culture material without being soaked in nutrient solution.
Comparative example 2
A method for cultivating mushrooms is basically the same as the steps in the embodiment 1, and is characterized in that:
by using the conventional mushroom culture material, the culture material comprises 78% of mixed wood chips, 20% of wheat bran, 1% of sugar, 1% of gypsum and 60-65% of water content of the material.
In order to prove the beneficial effects of the invention, the method takes the example 1 as a representative, and takes the comparative examples 1-2 as a comparison, and the yield, the hypha growth speed and the quality of the obtained mushroom obtained by the cultivation of the mulberry branch compost and other composts are detected;
and (3) carrying out nutrient component determination on the cultivated and harvested mushrooms:
detecting the contents of crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber and water in the shiitake mushrooms cultivated in the embodiment 1 and the shiitake mushrooms cultivated in the comparative examples 1-2;
the measurement of the above-mentioned index is defined as follows:
(1) protein assay
3 groups of parallel tests are carried out by adopting a Kjeldahl method according to the standard determination of GB/T15673-2009 'determination of crude protein content in edible fungi'.
(2) Determination of polysaccharide content
According to NY/T1676-2008< determination of crude polysaccharide content in edible fungi > standard determination, 3 groups of parallel tests are carried out.
(3) Crude fat determination
3 groups of parallel tests are carried out according to the standard measurement of GB/T15674-2003 'determination of crude fat content in edible fungi'.
(4) Crude fiber determination
3 parallel tests were carried out according to the GB/T5009.10-2003 Standard "determination of crude fiber in food".
(5) Determination of moisture
3 groups of parallel tests are carried out according to the determination standard of the moisture in GB/T38581-2020 champignon.
TABLE 1 Effect of example 1 of the present invention and different comparative examples on the production of Lentinus edodes
Grouping Days with full bag (d) Yield of mushroom (kg/bag) Biological conversion (%)
Example 1 35±0.6 1.07±0.06 85.2±1.13
Comparative example 1 44±1.8 0.87±0.04 79.2±0.66
Comparative example 2 50±2.3 0.86±0.03 76.9±0.57
TABLE 2 influence of the culture materials on the content of the nutrients of the fruiting body of Lentinus edodes
Figure BDA0003052267940000071
As can be seen from table 1, compared with the traditional direct culture of mushroom compost, the method has the advantages that the bag filling days of mushrooms are greatly shortened by soaking the crushed mulberry twigs in the nutrient solution, so that the crushed mulberry twigs absorb a large amount of nutrients by soaking in the nutrient solution, a decisive role is played in mushroom culture, the growth of hyphae is effectively promoted, the yield of mushrooms is promoted, and the biological conversion rate is improved;
as can be seen from tables 1 and 2, although the ramulus mori has a certain promotion effect on the cultivation of the shiitake mushrooms as the compost per se, the hyphae of the shiitake mushrooms grow faster by soaking the nutrient solution, so that a large amount of time is saved, and the period is shortened;
as can be seen from comparative examples 1 and 2, the yield of the mushrooms is not greatly influenced when only the mulberry branches are used without nutrient solution soaking treatment, but the yield of the mushrooms is greatly improved by soaking the nutrient solution, and the growth rate of hyphae can be ensured while the yield is improved.
As can be seen from the table 2, the lentinus edodes cultivated by the technical scheme of the invention has sufficient nutritional ingredients, contains higher proteins, polysaccharides, fats and fibers, and has improved moisture (which is beneficial to improving the mouthfeel), so that the lentinus edodes prepared by the method has high nutritional value and excellent quality.
In conclusion, according to the method for cultivating the mushrooms by utilizing the ramulus mori, the ramulus mori is smashed and soaked in the nutrient solution (obtained by fermenting grape leaves, alfalfa leaves and spiral blue-green algae) and then is mixed with the sawdust, the gypsum and the bran to prepare the ramulus mori compost for cultivating the mushrooms.
Each raw material in the present invention can be directly obtained from a commercially available route.
It should also be noted that when the following claims refer to numerical ranges, it should be understood that both ends of each numerical range and any numerical value between the two ends can be used, and the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described for the purpose of avoiding redundancy.
While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.

Claims (7)

1. A mushroom compost prepared by utilizing mulberry twigs is characterized by being prepared according to the following method: firstly, soaking mulberry twigs in nutrient solution, draining, and uniformly mixing with wood chips, gypsum and bran to obtain the mulberry twig nutrient solution;
the nutrient solution is prepared by fermenting grape leaves, alfalfa leaves, spirulina platensis and spirulina platensis culture solution.
2. A method for cultivating shiitake mushrooms by using the shiitake mushroom compost of claim 1, comprising the following steps of:
s1, preparing a mulberry twig culture material: crushing ramulus Mori, soaking in nutrient solution for 7-9d, draining, adding sawdust, Gypsum Fibrosum and testa Tritici, mixing, adding 30-40 deg.C warm water, stirring to obtain ramulus Mori compost, bagging, and sterilizing;
the nutrient solution is prepared by mixing grape leaves, alfalfa leaves, spirulina platensis and spirulina culture solution according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1-2:10 and performing closed fermentation;
s2, inoculation: punching and inoculating on the fungus bags when the temperature of the fungus bags is reduced to 10-15 ℃;
s3, spawn running management: controlling the spawn running temperature at 25-27 ℃, carrying out first bag turning when the spawn running reaches 12 th-13 th days, and carrying out second bag turning when the spawn running reaches 25-27 th days;
s4, fruiting management: the fungus bag is expanded, a tumor-shaped object is raised, more than 80% of the surface area is converted into brown, the fungus age is physiologically mature, and the relative space humidity is kept between 85 and 90 percent during fruiting.
And S5, harvesting.
3. The method for cultivating mushrooms as recited in claim 2, wherein in S1, the mass ratio of the drained ramulus mori to the mixture of wood chips, gypsum and bran is 100-120:20:3: 30.
4. The method for cultivating shiitake mushroom according to claim 3, wherein the fermentation temperature of the nutrient solution is 28 to 32 ℃ in S1.
5. The method for cultivating shiitake mushroom according to claim 4, wherein the specific fermentation process of the nutrient solution is specifically: firstly, adding the spirulina into the spirulina culture solution for anaerobic fermentation for 48-52h, and then adding the crushed grape leaves and alfalfa leaves for continuous fermentation for 12-16 h.
6. The method of cultivating shiitake mushroom according to claim 5, wherein the spirulina culture solution is BG-11 liquid culture medium.
7. The method for cultivating shiitake mushroom according to claim 2, wherein the soaking amount ratio of the ramulus mori to the nutrient solution is 10kg: 15-20L.
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