CN104541967B - A kind of production method of the shiitake mushroom hypha for extracting lentinan - Google Patents
A kind of production method of the shiitake mushroom hypha for extracting lentinan Download PDFInfo
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- CN104541967B CN104541967B CN201410828010.4A CN201410828010A CN104541967B CN 104541967 B CN104541967 B CN 104541967B CN 201410828010 A CN201410828010 A CN 201410828010A CN 104541967 B CN104541967 B CN 104541967B
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- bacterium rod
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
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Abstract
The invention discloses the production method of a kind of shiitake mushroom hypha for extracting lentinan, by weighing, base material pretreatment, mix, pack sterilizing, inoculated and cultured, hair tube are managed and are taken off seven steps such as bag results and obtain shiitake mushroom hyphas.The present invention has the advantage that the fermentation pretreatment by base material compared to existing technology; the rugose wood cellulose of macromolecular structure is converted the thin lignocellulose of small molecule structure; being easy to when mycelial cultivation is that mycelia effectively utilizes; improve the bioconversion utilization rate at mycelial cultivation stage; about 70% is reached in mycelial cultivation stage bioconversion utilization rate; shorten the Mycelium culture time; improve production efficiency; reduce production cost; the garbage making industrial and agricultural production is comprehensively utilized, and protects environment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of edible fungi production, a kind of shiitake mushroom hypha for extracting lentinan
Production method.
Background technology
Edible fungi, due to nutritious, is the health food or functional food generally acknowledged in the world, not only rich in proteins, vitamin,
And contained biological active substances, such as macromolecule polysaccharide, natural organic germanium, cAMP, triterpenoid compound etc., to improving human body
Immunologic function have important value.
Lentinus Edodes is the famous edible fungi that China is traditional, artificial domesticating cultivation the most the earliest.Lentinus Edodes is nutritious, delicious flavour,
There is the highest health care and medical value, be considered " king in mushroom ", be important edible fungi and medicinal fungus.Lentinus Edodes contains
More than 10 plant aminoacid, wherein have 7 kinds of human bodies such as isoleucine, lysine, phenylalanine, methionine, threonine, valine
Essential amino acid and vitamin B1, B2, PP and mineral salt and crude fibre, more than the 40 kind of enzyme etc. of six big enzymes.
Modern medicine and threpsology deepen continuously research, possibly together with β same clan glucosan composition in Lentinus Edodes, are referred to as lentinan, energy
Enhancing cell immunocompetent, thus the growth of anticancer, medical value is the highest.Technology at first is from mushroom fruiting body
Extracting lentinan, the research of modern technologies shows, in the mycelium of plantation Lentinus Edodes, the content of lentinan is real higher than Lentinus Edodes
Body, lentinan extract just from mushroom fruiting body be raw material turn to from the mycelium of Lentinus Edodes be the mode of production that raw material extracts.
Extracting polysaccharide from mycelium, have Mycelium growth rate fast, the advantages such as fermentation step is simple, easily controllable, from mycelium
Middle extraction polysaccharide can shorten the production time and improve production efficiency.
Extracting lentinan from shiitake mushroom hypha and generally have two ways, one is that solution fermentation cultivates shiitake mushroom hypha extraction,
This extraction method, complex process, equipment investment is big, and production cost is high.Lentinus edodes strain stick preparation perfume after CN200810019454 mushroom
The method of mushroom polysaccharide, it is provided that a kind of from solution fermentation extract lentinan in test method process, rest on and be engaged in theory
In the development test stage, have not been entered into practical stage.A kind of is to extract from the shiitake mushroom hypha that solid fermentation method is cultivated,
Now it is engaged in lentinan and extracts enterprise, be not that the enterprise's leftover bits and pieces utilizing and producing mushroom fruiting body extracts, it is simply that use solid-state
Shiitake mushroom hypha extracts.Extracting from mushroom fruiting body leftover bits and pieces, limited by raw material, limits throughput, main body is still from solid-state Lentinus Edodes
Mycelium extracts.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, it is provided that a kind of shiitake mushroom hypha for extracting lentinan
Production method.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions: the production method of a kind of shiitake mushroom hypha for extracting lentinan,
It is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
Step one, weighing, weigh lentinus edodes strain stick after mushroom, corn cob, wheat bran, carbamide, white sugar, calcium superphosphate and stone by formula
Cream；
Step 2, base material pretreatment, after the mushroom first step one weighed, lentinus edodes strain stick and maize cob meal are broken into 0.3-0.5cm size
Granule, and will pulverize after mushroom after lentinus edodes strain stick and corn cob mixing, in mixture add cellulase parent thing, use water
Regulation humidity, makes water content control at 40-50%, with vinegar acid for adjusting pH to 4.5-5.5, inserts in cement pit and gently press after mixing thoroughly
Floating, keep material plane less than pond mouth 20-30cm, cover plastic foil, leave blow vent in cement pit corner, temperature in pond
Controlling at 40-50 DEG C, fermentative degradation is after 3-5 days, and after degrading, base material takes out；Cellulase parent thing obtains by the following method
: after mushroom, lentinus edodes strain stick, corn cob crush and add the carbamide of weight ratio 0.5-0.8%, weight ratio 1-2% in mixture
Cellulase, by vinegar acid for adjusting pH to 4.8-5.2, water use regulation water content to 40-50%, mix homogeneously is placed on 45-55 DEG C
In calorstat, fermentative degradation 70-90min；
Step 3, mixing, add Testa Tritici that step one weighs, carbamide, white sugar, mistake after the degraded that step 2 obtains in base material
Calcium phosphate and Gypsum Fibrosum, water use regulation water content to 50-60%, is uniformly mixed, makes cultivation matrix；
Step 4, pack sterilizing, cultivation matrix pack step 3 prepared is fabricated to bacterium rod, and bacterium rod upper and lower opening degree of tightness is consistent,
The bacterium rod installed is inserted sterilizing kitchen sterilizing, and vigorous fire is rapidly heated to 100 DEG C and keeps 48 hours, and same batch of material will be at 4 hours
Within pack be fabricated to bacterium rod and carry out sterilizing；
Step 5, inoculated and cultured, cease fire and start inoculation after being cooled to less than 28 DEG C, to have inoculated with batch with a collection of bacterium rod,
Rod after inoculation is inserted and sends out the vertically and horizontally arranged stacking in bacterium room, cover film, ventilation in early morning every day one hour after standing a week；
Step 6, hair tube are managed, and within after inoculation 7～15 days, do not move bacterium rod, control to send out bacterium room temperature in the range of 24-27 DEG C；
When mycelia loop diameter reaches 4-5cm, carrying out turning acanthopore for the first time, each bacterium rod acanthopore 15-20 is individual；Treat that mycelia is the longest
Carrying out second time acanthopore after Man, each bacterium rod acanthopore 35-45 is individual；Bacterium room temperature of sending out during acanthopore is maintained between 25-28 DEG C,
After turning acanthopore, triangularity stacked by bacterium rod, and height is less than ten layers；
Step 7, de-bag results, when forming fine and close hypha body in bacterium rod, take off bag results mycelium, the mycelia of results bacterium rod
Body, can be directly entered lentinan abstraction process, it is possible to drying standby.
As in further improvement of these options, step one, lentinus edodes strain stick after mushroom, corn cob, wheat bran, carbamide, white sugar,
The mass ratio of calcium superphosphate and Gypsum Fibrosum is:
As in further improvement of these options, step one, lentinus edodes strain stick, corn cob, wheat bran, carbamide, white sugar after mushroom
The mass ratio of calcium superphosphate and Gypsum Fibrosum is:
As further improvement of these options, in step 2, in mixture, add cellulase parent thing, cellulase
After mushroom after parent thing and pulverizing, the mass ratio of lentinus edodes strain stick and corn cob mixture is 5%-10%.
As further improvement of these options, in step 2, adding cellulase parent thing in mixture is base after degraded
Material, after degraded, base material obtains through last round of base material pre-treatment step, after degraded base material with pulverizing after mushroom after lentinus edodes strain stick
It is 20% with the mass ratio of corn cob mixture.
The present invention has the advantage that compared to existing technology and improves the bioconversion utilization rate at mycelial cultivation stage, will
The rugose wood cellulose of macromolecular structure converts the thin lignocellulose of small molecule structure, it is simple to be mycelia when mycelial cultivation
Effectively utilize.About 70% is reached in mycelial cultivation stage bioconversion utilization rate, by biodegradation, beneficially mycelia
Growth, shortens the Mycelium culture time, improves production efficiency, reduces production cost, makes the garbage of industrial and agricultural production be combined
Close and utilize, protect environment.
Detailed description of the invention
Elaborating embodiments of the invention below, the present embodiment is implemented under premised on technical solution of the present invention,
Give detailed embodiment and concrete operating process, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following embodiment.
Embodiment 1
The production method of a kind of shiitake mushroom hypha for extracting lentinan, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
Step one, weighing, weigh lentinus edodes strain stick after mushroom, corn cob, wheat bran, carbamide, white sugar, calcium superphosphate and stone by formula
Cream, its mass ratio is:
Step 2, base material pretreatment, after the mushroom first step one weighed, lentinus edodes strain stick and maize cob meal are broken into 0.3-0.5cm size
Granule, and will pulverize after mushroom after lentinus edodes strain stick and corn cob mixing, in mixture add cellulase parent thing, fiber
After mushroom after element enzyme parent thing and pulverizing, the mass ratio of lentinus edodes strain stick and corn cob mixture is 5%, and water use regulation humidity makes to contain
Water rate control is at 40-50%, with vinegar acid for adjusting pH to 4.5-5.5, inserts light pressure in cement pit floating, keep material to put down after mixing thoroughly
Face is less than pond mouth 20-30cm, covers plastic foil, leaves blow vent in cement pit corner, and in pond, temperature controls at 40-50 DEG C, sends out
After ferment is degraded 3 days, after degrading, base material takes out；Cellulase parent thing is prepared by the following: mass ratio 3:1's
After mushroom, lentinus edodes strain stick and corn cob crush to add in mixture and account for the mixture weight carbamide than 0.5%, the cellulose of weight ratio 1%
Enzyme, by vinegar acid for adjusting pH to 4.8-5.2, water use regulation water content to 40%, mix homogeneously is placed in 45-55 DEG C of calorstat,
Fermentative degradation 70min.During whole Lentnus edodes, at mycelial cultivation stage, owing to Mycelium growth rate is fast,
Time is short, and the substrate material of only about 30% has carried out bioconversion utilization, and remainder fruiting the to be arrived stage could continue to convert.
It is an object of the invention to, for extracting lentinan offer shiitake mushroom hypha, the proportioning of substrate material just select lignocellulose relatively
After low mushroom, lentinus edodes strain stick, corn cob are body material, in order to improve in mycelial cultivation stage bioconversion utilization rate, adopt
With biodegradation technique, lentinus edodes strain stick, corn cob after mushroom are carried out degradation treatment, the rugose wood cellulose of macromolecular structure is converted
The thin lignocellulose of small molecule structure, it is simple to be that mycelia effectively utilizes when mycelial cultivation.At mycelial cultivation stage
Bioconversion utilization rate reaches about 70%, by biodegradation, beneficially mycelial growth, shortens the Mycelium culture time, carries
High efficiency, reduces production cost, makes the garbage of industrial and agricultural production be comprehensively utilized, and protects environment.
Step 3, mixing, add Testa Tritici that step one weighs, carbamide, white sugar, mistake after the degraded that step 2 obtains in base material
Calcium phosphate and Gypsum Fibrosum, water use regulation water content to 50%, it is uniformly mixed, makes cultivation matrix；
Step 4, pack sterilizing, cultivation matrix pack step 3 prepared is fabricated to bacterium rod, and bacterium rod upper and lower opening degree of tightness is consistent,
The bacterium rod installed is inserted sterilizing kitchen sterilizing, and vigorous fire is rapidly heated to 100 DEG C and keeps 48 hours, and same batch of material will be at 4 hours
Within pack be fabricated to bacterium rod and carry out sterilizing；
Step 5, inoculated and cultured, cease fire and start inoculation after being cooled to less than 28 DEG C, to have inoculated with batch with a collection of bacterium rod,
Rod after inoculation is inserted and sends out the vertically and horizontally arranged stacking in bacterium room, cover film, ventilation in early morning every day one hour after standing a week；
Step 6, hair tube are managed, and within after inoculation 7～15 days, do not move bacterium rod, control to send out bacterium room temperature in the range of 24-27 DEG C；
When mycelia loop diameter reaches 4-5cm, carry out turning acanthopore, each bacterium rod acanthopore 15 for the first time；After mycelia is all covered with
Carry out second time acanthopore, each bacterium rod acanthopore 35；Bacterium room temperature of sending out during acanthopore is maintained between 25-28 DEG C, turning acanthopore
Triangularity stacked by rear bacterium rod, and height is less than ten layers；
Step 7, de-bag results, when forming fine and close hypha body in bacterium rod, take off bag results mycelium, the mycelia of results bacterium rod
Body, can be directly entered lentinan abstraction process, it is possible to drying standby.The production process of mycelia, it is simply that the process of accumulation nutrition,
Ripe mushroom mycelium divides mycelium, mycelia kink body, fine and close hypha body and fruit body primordium four-stage, the purpose of the present invention
It is to produce shiitake mushroom hypha, at the four-stage of ripe mushroom mycelium, is optimal mycelium results in the fine and close hypha body stage
Period, therefore when bacterium rod is formed fine and close hypha body, i.e. start results, shorten implantation time as far as possible.
Embodiment 2
Step one, weighing, weigh lentinus edodes strain stick after mushroom, corn cob, wheat bran, carbamide, white sugar, calcium superphosphate and stone by formula
Cream, its mass ratio is:
Step 2, base material pretreatment, after the mushroom first step one weighed, lentinus edodes strain stick and maize cob meal are broken into 0.3-0.5cm size
Granule, and will pulverize after mushroom after lentinus edodes strain stick and corn cob mixing, in mixture add degraded after base material, base after degraded
Material is that base material pre-treatment step in embodiment 1 obtains, after degraded base material with pulverize after mushroom after lentinus edodes strain stick and Semen Maydis
The mass ratio of core mixture is 20%.Water use regulation humidity, make water content control 50%, with vinegar acid for adjusting pH to 4.5-5.5,
Insert light pressure in cement pit after mixing thoroughly floating, keep material plane less than pond mouth 20-30cm, cover plastic foil, at cement pit four
Blow vent is left at angle, and in pond, temperature controls at 40-50 DEG C, and fermentative degradation is after 5 days, and after degrading, base material takes out；The most once
Base material after the degraded that cellulase parent thing processes, can be used for circulation degraded more than 20-25 time.During whole Lentnus edodes,
At mycelial cultivation stage, owing to Mycelium growth rate is fast, the time is short, the substrate material of only about 30% has carried out biology
Trans-utilization, remainder fruiting the to be arrived stage could continue convert.It is an object of the invention to as extracting lentinan offer Lentinus Edodes
Mycelium, just having selected lentinus edodes strain stick after the relatively low mushroom of lignocellulose, corn cob in the proportioning of substrate material is body material,
In order to improve in mycelial cultivation stage bioconversion utilization rate, use biodegradation technique to lentinus edodes strain stick, corn cob after mushroom
Carry out degradation treatment, the rugose wood cellulose of macromolecular structure is converted the thin lignocellulose of small molecule structure, it is simple to mycelia
It is that mycelia effectively utilizes during the cultivation of body.About 70% is reached, by biology in mycelial cultivation stage bioconversion utilization rate
Degraded, beneficially mycelial growth, shortens the Mycelium culture time, improves production efficiency, reduce production cost, make industrial or agricultural raw
The garbage produced is comprehensively utilized, and protects environment.
Step 3, mixing, add Testa Tritici that step one weighs, carbamide, white sugar, mistake after the degraded that step 2 obtains in base material
Calcium phosphate and Gypsum Fibrosum, water use regulation water content to 60%, it is uniformly mixed, makes cultivation matrix；
Step 4, pack sterilizing, cultivation matrix pack step 3 prepared is fabricated to bacterium rod, and bacterium rod upper and lower opening degree of tightness is consistent,
The bacterium rod installed is inserted sterilizing kitchen sterilizing, and vigorous fire is rapidly heated to 100 DEG C and keeps 48 hours, and same batch of material will be at 4 hours
Within pack be fabricated to bacterium rod and carry out sterilizing；
Step 5, inoculated and cultured, cease fire and start inoculation after being cooled to less than 28 DEG C, to have inoculated with batch with a collection of bacterium rod,
Rod after inoculation is inserted and sends out the vertically and horizontally arranged stacking in bacterium room, cover film, ventilation in early morning every day one hour after standing a week；
Step 6, hair tube are managed, and within after inoculation 7～15 days, do not move bacterium rod, control to send out bacterium room temperature in the range of 24-27 DEG C；
When mycelia loop diameter reaches 4-5cm, carry out turning acanthopore, each bacterium rod acanthopore 20 for the first time；After mycelia is all covered with
Carry out second time acanthopore, each bacterium rod acanthopore 45；Bacterium room temperature of sending out during acanthopore is maintained between 25-28 DEG C, turning acanthopore
Triangularity stacked by rear bacterium rod, and height is less than ten layers；
Step 7, de-bag results, when forming fine and close hypha body in bacterium rod, take off bag results mycelium, the mycelia of results bacterium rod
Body, can be directly entered lentinan abstraction process, it is possible to drying standby.The production process of mycelia, it is simply that the process of accumulation nutrition,
Ripe mushroom mycelium divides mycelium, mycelia kink body, fine and close hypha body and fruit body primordium four-stage, the purpose of the present invention
It is to produce shiitake mushroom hypha, at the four-stage of ripe mushroom mycelium, is optimal mycelium results in the fine and close hypha body stage
Period, therefore when bacterium rod is formed fine and close hypha body, i.e. start results, shorten implantation time as far as possible.
The foregoing is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, all spirit in the present invention and former
Any amendment, equivalent and the improvement etc. made within then, should be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. the production method being used for extracting the shiitake mushroom hypha of lentinan, it is characterised in that include following step
Rapid:
Step one, weighing, weigh lentinus edodes strain stick, corn cob, wheat bran, carbamide, white sugar, mistake after mushroom by formula
Calcium phosphate and Gypsum Fibrosum；
Step 2, base material pretreatment, after the mushroom first step one weighed, lentinus edodes strain stick and maize cob meal are broken into
The granule of 0.3-0.5cm size, and will pulverize after mushroom after lentinus edodes strain stick and corn cob mixing, in mixture
Add cellulase parent thing, water use regulation humidity, make water content control at 40-50%, regulate with acetic acid
PH to 4.5-5.5, inserts light pressure in cement pit floating, keeps material plane to be less than pond mouth 20-30cm after mixing thoroughly,
Covering plastic foil, leave blow vent in cement pit corner, in pond, temperature controls at 40-50 DEG C, fermentative degradation 3-5
After it, after degrading, base material takes out；Described cellulase parent thing is prepared by the following: fragrant after mushroom
Mushroom rod, corn cob crush the addition carbamide of weight ratio 0.5-0.8%, the fiber of weight ratio 1-2% in mixture
Element enzyme, by vinegar acid for adjusting pH to 4.8-5.2, water use regulation water content to 40-50%, mix homogeneously is placed on
In 45-55 DEG C of calorstat, fermentative degradation 70-90min；
Step 3, mixing, after the degraded that step 2 obtains, base material adds Testa Tritici that step one weighs, carbamide,
White sugar, calcium superphosphate and Gypsum Fibrosum, water use regulation water content to 50-60%, is uniformly mixed, makes cultivation
Substrate；
Step 4, pack sterilizing, cultivation matrix pack step 3 prepared is fabricated to bacterium rod, bacterium rod upper and lower opening
Degree of tightness is consistent, and the bacterium rod installed is inserted sterilizing kitchen sterilizing, and vigorous fire is rapidly heated to 100 DEG C and keeps 48 little
Time, same batch of material to pack within 4 hours and is fabricated to bacterium rod and carries out sterilizing；
Step 5, inoculated and cultured, cease fire and start inoculation after being cooled to less than 28 DEG C, will be with criticizing with a collection of bacterium rod
Secondary inoculation completes, and rod after inoculation is inserted and sends out the vertically and horizontally arranged stacking in bacterium room, cover film, stand every day after one week
Ventilation in early morning one hour；
Step 6, hair tube are managed, and within after inoculation 7～15 days, do not move bacterium rod, control to send out bacterium room temperature and exist
In the range of 24-27 DEG C；When mycelia loop diameter reaches 4-5cm, carry out turning acanthopore for the first time, each bacterium rod
Acanthopore 15-20；Carrying out second time acanthopore after mycelia is all covered with, each bacterium rod acanthopore 35-45 is individual；Thorn
Bacterium room temperature of sending out during hole is maintained between 25-28 DEG C, and after turning acanthopore, triangularity stacked by bacterium rod, the most not
More than ten layers；
Step 7, de-bag results, when forming fine and close hypha body in bacterium rod, take off bag results mycelium bacterium rod,
The mycelium of results, is directly entered lentinan abstraction process, or drying standby.
The production method of a kind of shiitake mushroom hypha for extracting lentinan, it is special
Levy and be: in described step one, lentinus edodes strain stick, corn cob, wheat bran, carbamide, white sugar, excessively phosphorus after described mushroom
The mass ratio of acid calcium and Gypsum Fibrosum is:
Lentinus edodes strain stick 60-70 part after mushroom
Corn cob 20-30 part
Wheat bran 5-10 part
0.3 part of carbamide
White sugar 1-1.5 part
Calcium superphosphate 1-1.5 part
Gypsum Fibrosum 0.5-1 part.
The production method of a kind of shiitake mushroom hypha for extracting lentinan, it is special
Levy and be: in described step one, lentinus edodes strain stick, corn cob, wheat bran, carbamide, white sugar, excessively phosphorus after described mushroom
The mass ratio of acid calcium and Gypsum Fibrosum is:
Lentinus edodes strain stick 60 parts after mushroom
Corn cob 20 parts
5 parts of wheat bran
0.3 part of carbamide
White sugar 1 part
Calcium superphosphate 1 part
0.5 part of Gypsum Fibrosum.
The production method of a kind of shiitake mushroom hypha for extracting lentinan, it is special
Levy and be: in described step 2, in mixture, add cellulase parent thing, described cellulase parent thing
It is 5%-10% with the mass ratio of lentinus edodes strain stick and corn cob mixture after the mushroom after pulverizing.
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| CN107058130A (en) * | 2017-04-21 | 2017-08-18 | 皖南大鹏天然产物有限公司 | A kind of cultural method for improving shiitake mushroom hypha polyoses content |
| CN107879810A (en) * | 2017-12-06 | 2018-04-06 | 辽宁省农业科学院 | A kind of hickory chick Cultivar culture medium and its preparation method and application |
| CN110923281B (en) * | 2019-12-09 | 2023-04-07 | 黑龙江菇友生物科技开发有限公司 | Edible fungus polysaccharide extraction method, edible fungus polysaccharide and edible fungus beverage |
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