KR101464165B1 - Culture medium composition for mushroom's species cultivation using food waste compost - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a culture composition for cultivating mushroom by foodstuff compost, and more particularly, to a culture composition for cultivating shiitake mushroom, black scaly mushroom, osteoblast mushroom and large mushroom mushroom containing food compost at a specific ingredient ratio . When the mushroom is cultivated using a composition containing a specific proportion of food compost according to the mushroom types of each of the mushrooms of each of the present invention mushroom, black scaly mushroom, mushroom ginger mushroom and large mushroom mushroom, the growth of each mushroom fruiting body greatly improves So that it can be usefully used as a mushroom culture medium composition. Particularly, in the present invention, by using the abandoned food compost, it is possible not only to prevent the secondary environmental problems as well as to utilize the waste resources, but also to reduce the production cost of the medium in mushroom production It has an economic advantage.

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a culture medium composition for mushroom cultivation using food compost,

The present invention relates to a culture composition for cultivating mushroom by foodstuff compost, and more particularly, to a culture composition for cultivating shiitake mushroom, black scaly mushroom, osteoblast mushroom and large mushroom mushroom containing food compost at a specific ingredient ratio .

As a method of treating garbage, food waste is composted and recycled. As a related art, conventionally, foreign matter is removed from garbage, and the garbage is crushed to a proper particle size. Then, a bulking agent ), A method of mixing the sawdust, wood chips, chaff, etc., followed by an aerobic fermentation process and an anaerobic fermentation process to produce compost, or a method of composting by mixing the diluting action such as salinity reduction with other functional fertilizer in proper ratio have.

According to the national food composting facility status, there are 101 domestic composting facilities for food waste in 2007, and the food compost produced here is 1,051 tons per day. Composting facility refers to facilities such as aerobic, anaerobic, and earthworm breeding. Among them, aerobic composting facilities occupy the majority of 88 places, and 32 of the 101 composting facilities supply compost free of charge. . According to the request for disposal of food wastes from the Board of Audit and Inspection, only 36% of the compost produced in the composting process of food waste is used as a product, 65% does not satisfy the criteria and only after intermediate treatment such as crushing and dehydration It is said to be discharged or landfilled. In addition, it is used as an intermediate raw material of second by-product fertilizer as a demand source, and a considerable amount of inventory is left every year, which is a problem.

As a countermeasure for the food compost treatment for solving these problems, methods of using as a raw material of second by-product fertilizer and methods of reinforcing the facilities have been suggested, but their efficiency is inferior in terms of economy.

On the other hand, in the production of mushrooms, medium usually accounts for 20 to 30% of the total production cost. Therefore, studies on the reduction of existing production cost and the utilization of waste resources are actively being carried out. Korean Patent No. 10-0232056 discloses a method of cultivating mushroom by adding paper byproducts, and Korean Patent No. 10-0522399 discloses the use of vegetable by-products as an additive. In addition, studies have been actively conducted to utilize waste resources such as citrus peels, crab shells, and other agricultural by-products as additives for other mushroom culture media.

Accordingly, the present inventors have made efforts to develop a medium for cultivation of mushroom utilizing waste resources. As a result, the inventors of the present invention have made efforts to develop a medium for cultivation of mushroom using waste resources, and as a result, a certain proportion of food compost is added according to the mushroom types of mushroom, black scaly mushroom, The present inventors completed the present invention by confirming that the invented culture medium has excellent effects on the cultivation of each mushroom.

Korean Patent No. 10-0522399

Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a mushroom culture medium composition containing a food compost of a certain ratio for each type of mushroom as an active ingredient.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for effectively cultivating mushroom using the customized cultivation medium composition for each mushroom type.

In order to achieve the object of the present invention, the present invention provides a mushroom or black scaly mushroom containing 10 to 25% by weight of food compost based on 100% by weight of a medium containing sawdust, rice bran, beet pulp, Thereby providing a cultivation medium composition.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the mixture of the sawdust, rice bran, beet pulp, and cottonseed can be composed of 84% by weight of sawdust, 4% by weight of rice bran, 4% by weight of bitumen and 8% by weight of cottonseed.

The present invention also provides a culture medium for cultivating a mung bean pyruvate mushroom comprising 10 to 15% by weight of food compost based on 100% by weight of a medium in which sawdust and rice bran are mixed at a weight ratio of 8: 2.

The present invention also provides a large pine mushroom culture medium composition comprising 30-40 wt.% Of food compost, based on 100 wt.% Of medium containing raspberry, sugarcane and compost.

The present invention also provides a method for producing a mushroom culture comprising: adjusting the moisture content of a mushroom culture medium composition; Sterilizing the medium composition having the moisture content adjusted; Culturing the mycelium after inoculating the mushroom strain into the sterilized medium composition; And a step of growing the cultured mycelium with fruiting bodies, which method comprises cultivating the mung bean ganoderma, a large matsutake mushroom, a shiitake mushroom or a black scaly mushroom.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the method for cultivating mung bean ganoderma comprises the steps of adjusting the moisture content of the mung bean cultivation medium to 60 to 65%; High pressure sterilization of the medium composition having the moisture content controlled at 110 to 130 캜; Culturing the mycelium at a temperature of 20 ° C to 25 ° C after inoculating the killed ginger mushroom strain into the sterilized medium composition; And culturing the cultured mycelium to a fruiting body at a temperature condition of 25 ° C to 30 ° C.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the method for cultivating a large pine mushroom comprises: adjusting the medium composition for growing pine mushroom to have a water content of 60 to 70%; Sterilizing the medium composition in which the moisture content is controlled by maintaining the temperature at 60 캜 for 10 to 15 hours and gradually lowering the temperature to 25 캜; Culturing the mycelium after inoculating a large pine mushroom strain into the sterilized medium composition; And growing the cultured mycelium into a fruit body.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the method for cultivating mushroom or black scaly mushroom comprises: adjusting the mushroom or black mushroom culture medium composition to have a water content of 65 to 70%; High pressure sterilization of the medium composition having the moisture content controlled at 110 to 130 캜; Culturing the mycelium at a temperature of 17 to 20 캜 after inoculating shiitake or black mushroom seeds into the sterilized medium composition; And culturing the cultured mycelium to a fruiting body at a temperature of 17 to 20 캜.

When the mushroom is cultivated using a composition containing a specific proportion of food compost according to the mushroom types of each of the mushrooms of each of the present invention mushroom, black scaly mushroom, mushroom ginger mushroom and large mushroom mushroom, the growth of each mushroom fruiting body greatly improves So that it can be usefully used as a mushroom culture medium composition. Particularly, in the present invention, by using the abandoned food compost, it is possible not only to prevent the secondary environmental problems as well as to utilize the waste resources, but also to reduce the production cost of the medium in mushroom production It has an economic advantage.

Fig. 1 is a schematic view showing a process of composting food waste.
2 is a photograph showing a liquid culture medium (seed bacterium) as a mushroom and a black vinyl mushroom inoculum.
Fig. 3 is a photograph showing a grapevine bacterium used as a large pine mushroom bacterium.
4 is a photograph showing a culture medium (a) of shiitake mushroom and black scaly mushroom and an encapsulation culture medium (b) prepared using encapsulation cultivation.
Fig. 5 is a photograph showing fruiting bodies of mushroom cultivated in a medium according to the amount of food compost (8, 13, 17, 25, 33% by weight) (a: control group, b: food compost 8% Compost 13%, d: food compost 17%, e: food compost 25%, f: food compost 33%).
6 is a photograph showing fruiting bodies of black scaly mushroom cultivated on a medium of food compost (8, 13, 17, 25, 33, 42% by weight) (a: control, b: 8% c: food compost 13%, d: food compost 17%, e: food compost 25%, f: food compost 33%, g: food compost 42%
Fig. 7 is a photograph showing the seedling bacterium (a) containing the medium for cultivating the mung bean gingko mushroom and the bamboo cultivation room (b) of the mushroom.
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the weights, dry weight and length of fruiting bodies of Ganoderma Gonzo mushrooms cultivated in the medium (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40%
FIG. 9 is a photograph showing fruiting bodies of the Ganoderma Gonzo mushroom cultivated on the medium of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40% by weight of food additive compost (a: C: food compost 10%, d: food compost 15%, e: food compost 20%, f: food compost 25%, g: food compost 30% : Food compost 35%, and food compost 40%.
10 is a graph showing a regression curve estimated from the production amount of fruiting body of mung bean gruel according to the addition amount of food compost (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 wt%).
Fig. 11 is a photograph showing a box culture medium (a) produced by using the box cultivation method of a large pine mushroom and a process (b) of sterilizing them.
FIG. 12 is a photograph showing the growth of large pine mushroom according to the culture for 15 days in the medium of food compost (10, 20, 30, 40, and 50% by weight) (a: control group, b: , c: food compost 20%, d: food compost 30%, e: food compost 40%, f: food compost 50%).

The present invention is characterized by a culture composition for cultivating each of mushroom, black scaly mushroom, perilla gingko mushroom and large mushroom mushroom containing food compost at a specific ingredient ratio.

Shiitake mushroom of the present invention is an edible mushroom belonging to the mushroom family. It occurs mainly in the dead wood of the hardwood such as oak in the Southeast Asia region. The history of artificial cultivation started from China in the 10th century, It is mainly grown in the Orient. In Dongbok-bokhang and Bonchogangmok, shiitake mushrooms "make the flies stronger and do not feel hunger to fix the winds and help the circulation of blood." The unique flavor of shiitake mushrooms is especially high compared to other mushrooms. Is known to be good for patients with hypertension and heart disease because of its low cholesterol level.

The 'black scaly mushroom' of the present invention is a mushroom of mushroom and mushroom of Phyllostachys mushroom, Pholiota adipose, and its distribution area is Korea, China, Japan, Europe, North America and the like. In North Korea, it is called oil scales. It is an edible mushroom having a size of 3 ~ 8cm in diameter, 7 ~ 14cm in length, 7 ~ 14cm in diameter, and can be artificially cultivated using hardwood sawdust. It is a fungus mushroom. These black scaly mushrooms are known to have excellent pharmacological effects such as antitumor activity.

The 'Dengaku Gongji mushroom' of the present invention is a kind of Ganoderma mushroom native to the hardwood deadstock and stump shaped mature deer horn of mushroom mushroom. The mushroom of the mushroom is different according to the humidity, temperature and sunshine condition, Like a horn-like mushroom is called a glaze manure. Ganghwa Ganoderma lucidum has more than twice the amount of beta-glucan (40%), which has excellent anticancer effect, compared with general ginger mushroom (19%). It has a lot of medicinal properties and is called furoshio.

The large pine mushroom of the present invention is a large brown mushroom ( Agaricus bisporus ) popular in Europe and the West, and is also called a "large mushroom" or "large mushroom" mushroom. The large matsutake mushroom is 5-13cm in size and covered with brown or cream bark. The wrinkles at the bottom of the mushroom are light pink at the beginning of growth, but as the mushroom grows, the color of the wrinkles grows, Becomes rich. Especially, Portabella mushroom is similar to wild matsutake mushroom, meat quality is similar to meat, it is a good source of niacin, copper and pantothenate as well as high content of fiber and riboflavin, high-protein low fat diet It is a mushroom expected to be popular as food.

The 'food composting' of the present invention is a food composted by fermenting food wastes. Generally, after abandoned food wastes are pulverized, impurities are screened, dehydrated, and then added with additives such as sawdust, wood chips, calcium carbonate and the like and fermented Means the compost produced.

The compost of food and beverage which can be used in the present invention may be supplied by using food compost produced in a composting facility for food waste, or it may be directly manufactured through a conventional method of manufacturing compost for food waste.

In the following example of the present invention, the food compost supplied from the Wonju City Food Reclamation Public Treatment Facility located in Wusan-dong, Wonju city was used. The facility produces an average of 6.2 tons of food compost per day by the aerobic composting process with a facility capacity of 25 tons per day And the compost is produced according to the schematic diagram of FIG. 1 using the food waste separated and discharged from Wonju as its raw material. That is, the facility is provided with a step of crushing food waste; Selecting primary contaminants; Dehydrating; Mixing raw materials such as sawdust and calcium carbonate, and fermenting the fermented product in an aerobic fermenter; And compost is produced from the food waste through the step of selecting the secondary impurities and producing the final product.

First, the present inventors firstly found that a culture composition containing 10 to 25% by weight of food compost based on 100% by weight of a medium containing sawdust, rice bran, beet pulp and cottonseed is effective for cultivating shiitake mushroom or black scaly mushroom .

This fact can be confirmed through the following example <2-3> of the present invention. Based on 100 weight% of the medium consisting of 84% by weight of sawdust, 4% by weight of rice bran, 4% by weight of beet pulp and 8% The culture compositions of the present invention were prepared by adding food composts by concentrations (8, 13, 17, 25, 33, and 42 wt%), and the growth experiments of mushrooms and black mushroom fruiting bodies , 13% by weight and 17% by weight of food compost were significantly higher than those of the control group. In particular, the addition of 13% by weight of food compost was 2.5 times higher than that of the control group Showing the highest yields of fruiting bodies (see Table 2 and Table 3).

In addition, the inventors of the present invention for the first time determined that a culture composition containing 10-15% by weight of food compost based on 100% by weight of a medium in which sawdust and rice bran were mixed at a weight ratio of 8: 2 was effective in cultivating mung bean ganoderma.

This fact can be confirmed by the following example <3-3> of the present invention. The food compost is divided into 5, 10, 15, and 20 percent by weight based on 100 weight% of the medium in which sawdust and rice bran were mixed at 8: , 25, 30, 35, 40% by weight), and then, the growth of the fruiting body of the mung bean was investigated. As a result, the weight of fruiting body in 10 wt% And the second regression curve was estimated through the food compost content and the fruiting body production. As a result, it was confirmed that the yield of fruit body was maximized when the food compost was added at about 11% (see Tables 5 and 6 and FIGS. 8 to 10 Reference).

In addition, the inventors of the present invention have found for the first time that a culture composition containing 30 to 40% by weight of food compost is effective for cultivating large pine mushroom on the basis of 100% by weight of a medium containing rice straw, sugarcane, and compost.

This fact can be confirmed by the following Example <4-3> of the present invention. The food compost is divided into 10, 20, 30, and 50% by weight based on 100% by weight of a mixture of rice straw, sugar cane, 40, and 50% by weight) to prepare a medium composition of the present invention. Then, the growth test of the large pine mushroom fruit bodies was carried out using the medium composition of the present invention. As a result, 30% and 40% , And especially 30% by weight of food compost was found to have the highest fruit body growth (see Table 8).

Through the above results, the present inventors have experimentally proved the fruit body growth effect of the medium composition for the cultivation of each of the shiitake mushroom, black scaly mushroom, green tea mushroom mushroom and large mushroom mushroom containing food compost at a specific ingredient ratio.

Therefore, the composition of the present invention containing food compost at a specific ingredient ratio can be usefully used as a culture composition for cultivating each of mushroom, black scaly mushroom, perilla gingko mushroom and large mushroom mushroom.

The present invention also provides a method for producing a mushroom culture comprising: adjusting the moisture content of a mushroom culture medium composition; Sterilizing the medium composition having the moisture content adjusted; Culturing the mycelium after inoculating the mushroom strain into the sterilized medium composition; And culturing the cultured mycelium to a fruiting body. The method of cultivating the mung bean gruel, giant mushroom, shiitake mushroom or black scaly mushroom is provided.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the method for cultivating the mung bean ganoderma is a method for cultivating the mung bean gingko culture medium (containing 10-15% by weight of food compost based on 100% by weight of a mixture of sawdust and rice bran with 8: 2) To a moisture content of 60 to 65%; High pressure sterilization of the medium composition having the moisture content controlled at 110 to 130 캜; Culturing the mycelium at a temperature of 20 ° C to 25 ° C after inoculating the killed ginger mushroom strain into the sterilized medium composition; And culturing the cultured mycelium to a fruiting body at a temperature of 25 ° C to 30 ° C.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the large pine mushroom cultivation method includes 30 to 40% by weight of food compost based on 100% by weight of a medium composition for cultivating large pine mushroom (rice straw, sugar cane, ) To a moisture content of 60 to 70%; Sterilizing the medium composition in which the moisture content is controlled by maintaining the temperature at 60 캜 for 10 to 15 hours and gradually lowering the temperature to 25 캜; Culturing the mycelium after inoculating a large pine mushroom strain into the sterilized medium composition; And growing the cultured mycelium into a fruit body.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the method of cultivating mushroom or black scaly mushroom is a method of cultivating mushroom or black scaly mushroom in a culture medium (100 weight% of medium containing sawdust, rice bran, beet pulp, 10 to 25% by weight of the compost) to a moisture content of 65 to 70%; High pressure sterilization of the medium composition having the moisture content controlled at 110 to 130 캜; Culturing the mycelium at a temperature of 17 to 20 캜 after inoculating shiitake or black mushroom seeds into the sterilized medium composition; And culturing the cultured mycelium to a fruiting body at a temperature of 17 ° C to 20 ° C.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples. These examples are for further illustrating the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited to these examples.

< Example  1>

Types of mushrooms Inoculation  Ready

The mushroom seeds used in the experiment were used in the farms and laboratories in each experiment.

<1-1> Shiitake mushroom and Black scaly mushroom

Liquid culture seeds were used for shiitake mushroom and black scaly mushroom inoculum.

Dextrose peptone tiamine (DPT) medium was used for the mushroom medium. 30 g of dextrose, 5 g of peptone, 2.5 g of tiamine, 2.5 g of KH 2 PO 4 and 2.5 g of MgSO 4 were mixed with 5 L of distilled water. Black scale mushroom medium was prepared by mixing 30 g of dextrose, 5 g of peptone, 2.5 g of asparagine, 2.5 g of KH 2 PO 4 and 2.5 g of NaNO 3 in 5 L of dextrose peptone asparagine (DPA) medium. Then, the liquid medium was sterilized at 121 ° C for 30 minutes using a high-pressure sterilizer. The sterilized medium was inoculated after cooling at room temperature. Inoculation was carried out by blending the solid mycelium of black scaly mushroom and shiitake mushroom cultivated in potato dextrose agar (PDA) in 150 ml of sterilized distilled water to a blender, and then adding sterilized water containing mycelium to sterilized 5 L Were inoculated into the medium. Thereafter, the air was injected at 30 L / min using an air pump, and cultured for about 20 days, and used as an inoculation source (see FIG. 2).

<1-2> Mushroom

Ganjang Ganoderma lucidum was cultivated on a farm in Chuncheon. The seeds were harvested from harvested fruiting bodies and inoculated on sterilized medium by culturing the seeds in a sawdust medium in which oak sawdust and rice bran were mixed at a weight ratio of 80:20.

<1-3> Big matsutake mushroom

The giant pine mushroom seedlings were harvested from grainy seedlings (see FIG. 3). The seeds cultured in millet and the like were inoculated by spraying the seeds evenly in the medium.

< Example  2>

Shiitake mushrooms and Black scaly mushroom  Production and cultivation of cultivation medium

<2-1> Shiitake mushrooms and Black scaly mushroom  Cultivation Production of medium

Shiitake mushroom and black scaly mushroom cultivation experiments were carried out at the mushroom cultivation area of Kangwon Provincial Forest Development Research Institute. 13, 17, 25, 33, 42% by weight of food compost was used as a basic medium in which 84% by weight of oak sawdust, 4% by weight of rice bran, 4% by weight of beet pulp and 8% (Mixing ratio is based on the primary culture medium). The seeds were cultivated by bagging, and about 2 kg of the heat-resistant pp bag was fixed with a plastic stopper and sterilized at 121 ° C for 40 minutes in a high-pressure sterilizer (see FIG. 4). The optimum mixing ratio was calculated by using the mixture design method. The medium was prepared by placing 700 ± 25 g in a thermostable pp bottle (850 cc, 75 Φ), and sterilized by autoclaving, and inoculated with the liquid culture medium prepared in Example <1-1>. The amount of inoculum was inoculated about 50 ml in the case of the bottle medium and about 100 ml in the case of the bag medium. The inoculated medium was cultivated in a culture room (2 m (W) × 3.5 m (D) × 2.5 m (H)) at an average temperature of 18 ° C. and an average humidity of 60% (Fig. 5 and Fig. 6). On the other hand, as the control group, a basic medium was used.

<2-2> Badge material  Appearance

The physico-chemical components of the conventional compost medium and food compost used as the medium were analyzed through the example <2-1> (see Table 1 below).

Analysis of characteristics of sawdust, rice briquette, beet pulp, cottonseed and food compost, which are components of shiitake mushroom and black scaly mushroom medium, respectively sawdust Rice bran Cotton thread Beet pulp Food compost pH 6.84 ±
0.01 6.73 ±
0.01 7.11 ±
0.01 5.14 ±
0.01 6.91 ±
0.01 Moisture
(%) 16.8 ±
0.21 12.26 ±
1.49 15.31 ±
0.54 15.12 ±
1.35 7.14 ±
1.21 OM (%) 78.65 ±
0.34 80.68 ±
2.19 71.87 ±
2.11 81.67 ±
1.02 77.06 ±
3.92 T-N (%) 0.09 ±
0.01 1.36 ±
0.02 1.22 ±
0.02 0.52 +
0.02 0.49 ±
0.02 K (g / kg) 0.24 ±
0.02 18.74 ±
0.16 17.25 ±
0.28 3.88 ±
0.07 5.14 ±
0.07 Ca (g / kg) 0.28 ±
0.03 4.10 ±
0.11 10.67 ±
0.69 5.45 ±
0.12 43.69 ±
1.17 Mg (g / kg) 0.41 ±
0.01 5.05 ±
0.06 4.33 ±
0.02 3.21 ±
0.03 0.84 ±
0.01 Na (g / kg) ND * 0.45 ±
0.03 0.72 ±
0.03 0.91 ±
0.03 5.84 ±
0.13 P (g / kg) 0.24 ±
0.01 25.21 ±
0.07 3.55 ±
0.05 0.76 ±
0.01 24.31 ±
0.12

* ND: Not detected

Organic matter content (OM) of food compost was 77.06%, similar to other media. Nitrogen content was similar to beet pulp. As a result of cation analysis, calcium content was much higher than other materials. In a study of Royce and Sanchez-Vazquez (2003) on shiitake mushrooms, it was reported that the production of fruiting body increased with the addition of calcium in the medium. Similarly, in a study of scaly mushroom (Alex, 1970) A slight increase in the growth of scaly mushrooms has been reported. Therefore, it is expected that the production of fruiting bodies will increase due to the supply of calcium due to the addition of food compost. The content of phosphorus (P) in compost was similar to that of rice bran. Potassium and magnesium contents were not significantly different from those of other media. In addition, the sodium content in compost of food was 5.84 g / kg, which was higher than other materials, and it could be negatively affected mycelial growth and fruit body production.

<2-3> Growing Fruiting Body of Shiitake Mushroom

The cultivation experiment of shiitake mushroom was carried out in Kangwon Provincial Forestry Development Institute.

As shown in Table 2, the success rate of the mushroom culture was 90% in the medium containing 13% and 17% by weight of food compost, and the culture success rate was higher than that of the control (success rate: 80%). On the other hand, the medium containing 33% did not produce fruiting bodies due to contamination during the cultivation process.

The success rate of shiitake mushroom cultivation, fruit body yield, fruit body number, Control group FWC 8 FWC 13 FWC 17 FWC 25 FWC 33 FWC 42 Percentage of complete culture (%) 80 50 90 90 30 0 30 Yield of fruitbody (g / 2 kg) 54 45 133 100 29 - 76 Number of Fruitbody (ea) 2 2 4 4 One - 2 Days for 1 ^st harvest (days) 10 16 8 10 13 - 18

The yield of fruiting body was the highest of 133 g in 13% by weight of food compost, 2.5 - fold higher than the control group of 54 g. At this time, the number of first harvest days was also 8 days. In the fruit body yield, on average, 4 fruit bodies were harvested from 13% by weight and 17% by weight. These results were attributed to increased yields due to calcium supplementation (Royse and Sanchez-Vazquez, 2003) and nutrient supplementation in medium (Scrase and Elliott, 1998). In addition, 2 and 76 g of fruiting bodies were harvested from 42% by weight of fruiting bodies. It was concluded that fruiting bodies could be produced if cultivation and browning were successful even at high concentration of food compost. The C / N ratio of the 13 wt% added sphere, which showed the optimum production, was 301. It is found that the optimum C / N ratio is higher than other mushrooms because of the characteristics of shiitake mushrooms grown in logs.

<2-4> Black scaly mushroom  Fruit body growth

The yield of black scaly mushroom fruiting body and the number of first harvest days are shown in Table 3 below.

As a result, the highest fruit yield was 469 g in the medium containing 13% by weight of food compost (FWC 13), and the shortest fruit yield was 15 days on the first harvest day. This shows a 1.6-fold increase compared to 286 g of control medium. On the other hand, the number of first harvest days of the control medium was 27 days, which means that harvest was done faster than the control group at all except FWC 8. In addition, even when the concentration of compost increased, the yield of compost was higher or similar than that of the control. This suggests that the calcium content of the food compost has a positive effect compared with other media.

The yield of fruiting body of black scaly mushroom according to the addition ratio of food compost and the time to first harvest (days) Control FWC 8 FWC 13 FWC 17 FWC 25 FWC 33 FWC 42 Yield of fruitbody (g) 286 289 469 384 361 286 363 Days for 1 ^st harvest (days) 27 31 15 20 17 20 26

Therefore, the black scaly mushroom showed the optimum yield of 13%, similar to shiitake mushroom, and the C / N ratio of the medium was 301. The optimum C / N ratio was higher than other mushrooms due to the characteristics of mushroom mushrooms such as black scaly mushroom and shiitake mushroom which grow in the wood.

< Example  3>

Mushroom  Production of cultivation medium and Dragee gonorrhea  culture

<3-1> Mushroom  Cultivation Production of medium

Experiments were conducted at a farmhouse in Chuncheon City, Gangwon Province where mushrooms were cultivated for 20 years. As a medium, a mixture of oak sawdust and rice bran at a weight ratio of 8: 2 for 6 months or longer was used as a basic medium, and the food compost supplied from the Wonju city food resource recycling facility located in Wusan- , 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 wt%, respectively (mixing ratio was based on the basic medium) and adjusted to have a water content of 60 to 65% (See Fig. 7). Sterilization of the prepared medium was sterilized at 121 ° C for 40 minutes using a high pressure sterilizer. On the other hand, a control medium was prepared by mixing oak sawdust and rice bran at a weight ratio of 8: 2.

The seeds prepared in Example <1-2> were inoculated into the medium, and the temperature was maintained at 23 ° C for mycelial culturing. The cells were cultured for 37 days until the mycelium grows to the bottom of the seedlings. After the incubation, the growth of the feet and fruiting bodies was observed at a temperature of 28 ° C and a humidity of 80%.

<3-2> Badge material  Appearance

The physico-chemical composition of sawdust, rice bran, and food compost used as additives was analyzed through the above Example <3-1> (see Table 4 below). Here sawdust acts as moisture reservoir and carbon source, and rice bran serves to supply nitrogen source and other essential inorganic salts. Compost of food was 39.6% of total carbon (TC), slightly lower than that of sawdust (46.6%) and rice bran (45.7%) and total nitrogen (TN) The physicochemical properties of carbon source and nitrogen source were considered to be sufficient to replace rice bran. In addition, if excess nitrogen is present, it is necessary to pay attention to chemical, physical, and microbial changes in the mushroom culture medium. If nitrogen does not change into protein and becomes nitrate, it is known that mushroom bacteria can not be used. Therefore, excessive addition of food compost would have an adverse effect due to nitrogen excess.

On the other hand, the calcium content of the food compost was higher than that of the other materials. In Chang et al.'S (2006) study, it has been reported that calcium supplementation promotes mycelial growth during cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum. In a study by Chiu et al (1998), calcium supplementation promotes mycelial growth rate, And the yield was increased. Therefore, it was concluded that the high calcium content of food compost could positively influence the cultivation and growth process of Ganoderma lucidum mushroom.

However, the salinity of food compost is estimated to reach 1.5 ~ 2.0% (wet) and the quality is poor to 3.0%. In particular, the salinity concentration in mushroom cultivation has been reported to increase with the increase in the number of mushroom feet (Kim et al., 2006). The food compost used in this study showed a concentration of 1.5% based on NaCl. Therefore, it was considered that the excessive addition of food compost could have a negative effect.

Analysis of individual characteristics of sawdust, rice briquette and food compost, which are constituents of Ganoderma lucidum mushroom medium sawdust Rice bran Food compost pH 6.90 + 0.02 6.56 ± 0.01 7.44 ± 0.01 Moisture (%) 15.94 + 0.15 10.82 + 0.11 19.45 + 0.03 OM (%) 80.28 + - 0.11 78.73 + - 0.34 68.32 ± 0.65 T-N (%) 0.08 ± 0.01 3.55 + - 0.64 3.10 ± 0.21 C / N ratio 615.9 12.9 12.8 K (g / kg) 0.34 + 0.02 2.07 ± 0.01 0.90 + - 0.01 Ca (g / kg) 3.26 ± 0.21 0.34 ± 0.01 25.22 ± 0.25 Mg (g / kg) 0.33 + 0.03 4.52 ± 0.05 1.58 + 0.02 Na (g / kg) ND 0.19 ± 0.01 6.05 ± 0.01 P (g / kg) 0.27 ± 0.01 20.81 ± 0.23 2.68 ± 0.02 Pb (mg / kg) ND * ND ND Zn (mg / kg) 12.37 + - 6.88 66.27 + - 6.24 32.65 ± 3.48 Cu (mg / kg) 4.58 ± 2.20 7.01 + - 0.99 11.90 + 1.50 Cd (mg / kg) 0.41 + - 0.01 0.42 ± 0.01 0.41 + - 0.01 Ni (mg / kg) ND ND ND

* ND: Not detected

On the other hand, the results of calculating the C / N ratio of the control and the food compost-containing medium are shown in Table 5 below.

C / N ratio of cultivated mung bean cultivated according to the amount of food compost Control group FWC 5 FWC 10 FWC 15 FWC 20 FWC 25 FWC 30 FWC 35 FWC 40 59.2 51.2 45.0 40.1 36.1 32.8 30.0 27.6 16.5

The C / N ratio of the mushroom medium is an important indicator for evaluating pre-culture medium. The higher the C / N ratio, the more transient nitrogen deficiency symptoms may cause the decrease in yield. / N ratio could slow the growth rate and could be affected by nitrogen overload. In this experiment, the C / N ratio of the control group was 59.2, which is gradually decreased with the addition of food compost. It was concluded that the addition of food compost could supplement the insufficient nitrogen source of the conventional culture medium. In a study by Scrase and Elliott (1998), the C / N ratio of trees is 1,250: 1, which can be increased by supplementing nitrogen to control the optimum C / N ratio from 80: 1 to 10: 1 He said. The C / N ratio of the medium prepared in this experiment was found to be within the optimum range from a maximum of 59.2 to a minimum of 16.5.

<3-3> Mushroom  Fruit body growth

The harvested oyster mushroom fruiting bodies were measured for wet weight, dry weight and length.

As a result, as shown in Fig. 8, the weight of the fruiting body was 51.4 ± 4.8 g in the 10% compost of the food compost, showing the highest value. In addition, we can observe that the weight of fruiting body gradually decreases in the compost of 25% or more of food compost. In the dry weight, the control group showed 18.6 ± 2.8 g and 23.0 ± 3.8 g in the food compost (FWC 5) and 25.9 ± 1.4 g in the food compost (FWC 10) (FWC 15), the highest value was 27.0 ± 1.3 g. Based on these results and Table 4, it was judged that the addition of food compost increased the production of fruiting body by supplying nitrogen which was insufficient in the culture medium.

In addition, the addition of more than 30% of food compost showed a marked decrease, which is considered to be inhibited by excessive nitrogen and salinity (Tresner and Hayes, 1971, Jang Hyun Yu et al., 1999, Jeon Chang Sung, 2006).

The length of fruiting body showed the highest value of 23.0 ± 1.6 g in food compost 5% (FWC 5) and also showed a remarkable decrease in over 30%. When the humidity, temperature, and light intensity change during the growth of fruiting body of Ganoderma lucidum, the thickness and shape of fruiting bodies are changed and the growth is delayed (Rural Development Administration, 2003). Therefore, fruiting body length is not an absolute value. However, in FIG. 8, it can be seen that the change in weight and length has some consistency. Compared to the control group, the relative growth rate of the experimental group was 23.7% for the food compost 5% (FWC 5), 39.4% for the food compost 10% (FWC 10) (FWC 15) showed a gradual increase to 44.9%. (FWC 20) and 23.8% (FWC 20), respectively. Compared with the control group, FWC 25 showed a negative value. Especially, the addition of more than 30% showed a tendency to decrease in weight. The appearance of the medium and fruiting body just before harvesting is shown in Fig.

On the other hand, dry weight data of fruiting body was analyzed by t test between the control group and each test point at the 95% significance level, and the resulting p values are shown in Table 6 below. If the null hypothesis is not rejected as a result of the t test, it means that there is no difference between the two groups. If the null hypothesis is rejected, it means that the difference between the two groups is statistically significant. In addition, the smaller the p-value, the higher the reliability of dismissing the null hypothesis (Nam et al., 2010). Thus, under the null hypothesis that the two samples are equal, if the p-value obtained by the t-test at a significance level of 95% is less than 0.05, the result is that there is no correlation between the two samples.

As a result, the p value of food compost 10% (FWC 10) and 15% (FWC 15) were less than 0.05, which showed a significant difference compared to the control group. In addition, the values of FWC 30, FWC 35 and FWC 40 were less than 0.05 in each of 30, 35 and 40% food composts. This indicates that the addition of more than 30% of food composts resulted in lower fruit body productivity Statistically.

The dry weight data of fruiting body were analyzed by t test between the control group and each experimental point at the 95% significance level and the resulting p value (α = 0.05) FWC 5 FWC 10 FWC 15 FWC 20 FWC 25 FWC 30 FWC 35 FWC 40 0.111 0.003 0.002 0.107 0.889 0.005 0.000 0.000

Secondary regression curves were estimated through food compost content and fruiting body production. As a result, as shown in FIG. 10, it was found that the yield of fruiting body was maximized when the food compost was added at about 11% through the regression curve. The coefficient of determination (R2) of the curve was 82%, indicating a relatively high reliability.

< Example  4>

Big matsutake mushroom  Production of cultivation medium and Big pine mushroom  culture

<4-1> Big matsutake mushroom  Cultivation Production of medium

The large pine mushroom cultivation was carried out in the farmhouse of Wonju city in Gangwon province. In the case of large matsutake mushroom cultivated in the field, cultivation of mushroom is carried out by preparing a compost medium containing rice straw, sugar cane, and compost. In this study, we evaluated the possibility of food compost - added medium through box cultivation.

20, 30, 40, and 50 wt%, respectively, to prepare a large pine mushroom cultivation medium of the present invention, using the existing compost medium (a mixture of rice straw, sugarcane, and manure compost) % (Mixing ratio is based on the basic medium). Two cultivation mediums were prepared by the box cultivation method, and the weight of each culture medium was 11 kg (see FIG. 11 (a)). The prepared medium was maintained at a medium temperature of about 60 캜 for 10 hours, and then sterilized by gradually lowering the temperature to 25 캜 for one week (see Fig. 11 (b)). After sterilization of the sterilized medium, the mycelial cultivation was completed for about 2 weeks, the soil was covered, the culture temperature was lowered to 15 ° C, and water was thoroughly drained to prepare the medium for mushroom culture. After about two weeks after the watering, the mushroom feet began to be harvested. On the other hand, existing compost medium was used as a control.

<4-2> Badge material  Appearance

The physico-chemical components of the conventional compost media and food compost used as the medium were analyzed through the example <4-1> (see Table 7 below).

Analysis of individual characteristics of existing compost media and food compost, which are components of large pine mushroom medium Existing compost badge Food compost pH 7.82 ± 0.01 6.91 ± 0.01 Moisture (%) 31.05 ± 0.37 7.14 ± 1.21 OM (%) 48.33 + 1.87 77.06 ± 3.92 T-N (%) 0.92 + 0.04 0.49 + 0.02 C / N ratio 30.29 91.08 K (g / kg) 14.47 ± 0.38 5.14 ± 0.07 Ca (g / kg) 7.70 ± 0.28 43.67 ± 1.17 Mg (g / kg) 1.04 + - 0.01 0.84 ± 0.01 Na (g / kg) 1.35 + 0.03 5.84 + 0.13 P (g / kg) 3.82 ± 0.02 24.31 + - 0.12

Compared with the compost medium, the organic matter of food compost was significantly higher than that of the compost media, and the nitrogen content was low. Therefore, the C / N ratio was 30.29 for the medium and 91.08 for the food compost. In the case of food compost, the concentration of cations such as phosphorus (P) and calcium (Ca) were high, and the productivity of mushrooms could be expected to increase due to addition of nutrients. However, the sodium concentration was 5.84 g / kg, which was more than four times higher than that of the medium at 1.35 g / kg, which could be expected to be inhibited when added excessively (Tresner and Hayes, 1971;

<4-3> Big matsutake mushroom  Fruit body growth

The common method of cultivating matsutake mushroom is the method of cultivating the mushroom, which can be harvested up to 8 to 9 cycles. In this experiment, a box cultivation method was used to examine the cultivation characteristics according to the compost content of the food (see FIG. 12). The results of cultivation experiments are shown in Table 8 below.

As a result, 98.2 g of mushroom per 1 kg of medium was produced from 30% of compost of food compost, and the period until the first harvest after the watering also showed the fastest harvest at 30%.

Especially, when compared with 10% addition, the yield was 11 times higher than that of 30% addition. In addition, 30% of the 40% added plants showed similar yields, which means that relatively large amounts of food compost could be added compared to other mushrooms.

The yield of fruiting body of large pine mushroom according to the addition rate of food compost, the number of fruiting bodies and the period until the first harvest (days) Control group FWC 10 FWC 20 FWC 30 FWC 40 FWC 50 Yield of fruitbody
(g / kg) 0 8.6 42.7 98.2 97.5 48.2 Number of fruitbody (ea) 0 1.5 6.5 16.0 16.0 9.0 Days for 1 ^st harvest (days) - 25 25 15 17 19

On the other hand, only one mushroom was not harvested in the control medium. However, considering that fungi occur well on the farms using the same medium, it was judged to be due to the disadvantage of the box cultivation method in which the mycelium grows narrowly rather than the contamination of the medium.

The present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. Therefore, the disclosed embodiments should be considered in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all differences within the scope of equivalents thereof should be construed as being included in the present invention.

FWC: food waste compost

Claims (8)

1. A medium composition for cultivating shiitake mushroom or black scaly mushroom including food compost,
The culture medium composition contained 13 wt% of food compost based on 100 wt% of a medium containing 84 wt% of sawdust, 4 wt% of rice bran, 4 wt% of beet pulp and 8 wt% of cottonseed,
Wherein the medium composition has a C / N ratio of about 301. &lt; RTI ID = 0.0 &gt; 30. &lt; / RTI &gt; delete 1. A medium for cultivating mung bean gingko including a food compost,
The culture medium composition contained 11% by weight of food compost based on 100% by weight of a mixture of sawdust and rice bran at a weight ratio of 8: 2,
Wherein the medium composition has a C / N ratio of 16.5 to 59.2. A large pine mushroom culture medium composition comprising food compost,
Wherein the medium composition comprises 30-40 wt.% Of food compost based on 100 wt.% Of medium containing raspberry, sugarcane and compost compost,
Wherein the C / N ratio of the food compost is 91.08. Controlling the moisture content of one kind of medium composition selected from the group consisting of the medium composition for cultivating mushroom or black scaly mushroom of claim 1, the composition for cultivating the periwinkle mushroom of claim 3, and the medium composition for cultivation of large mushroom of claim 4;
Sterilizing the medium composition having the moisture content adjusted;
Culturing the mycelium after inoculating the mushroom strain into the sterilized medium composition; And cultivating the cultured mycelium into a fruit body, wherein the method comprises culturing the mung bean gruel, the large matsutake mushroom, the shiitake mushroom or the black scaly mushroom. 6. The method of claim 5,
The method for cultivating the mung bean gingko cultivar according to claim 3, wherein the culture medium for cultivating the mung bean gingko cultivar is adjusted to have a water content of 60 to 65%; High pressure sterilization of the medium composition having the moisture content controlled at 110 to 130 캜; Culturing the mycelium at a temperature of 20 ° C to 25 ° C after inoculating the killed ginger mushroom strain into the sterilized medium composition; And culturing the cultured mycelium in a fruiting body at a temperature of 25 ° C to 30 ° C. 6. The method of claim 5,
The method for cultivating large pine mushroom comprises: adjusting the medium composition for growing pine mushroom of claim 4 to have a water content of 60 to 70%; Sterilizing the medium composition in which the moisture content is controlled by maintaining the temperature at 60 캜 for 10 to 15 hours and gradually lowering the temperature to 25 캜; Culturing the mycelium after inoculating a large pine mushroom strain into the sterilized medium composition; And culturing the cultured mycelium as a fruit body. 6. The method of claim 5,
The method of cultivating mushroom or black scaly mushroom comprises: adjusting the mushroom or black mushroom culture medium composition of claim 1 to have a water content of 65 to 70%; High pressure sterilization of the medium composition having the moisture content controlled at 110 to 130 캜; Culturing the mycelium at a temperature of 17 to 20 캜 after inoculating shiitake or black mushroom seeds into the sterilized medium composition; And growing the cultured mycelium at a temperature of 17 ° C to 20 ° C as a fruiting body.

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