CN111357596A - Perennial sugarcane full-film mulching cultivation method - Google Patents
Perennial sugarcane full-film mulching cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111357596A CN111357596A CN202010362156.XA CN202010362156A CN111357596A CN 111357596 A CN111357596 A CN 111357596A CN 202010362156 A CN202010362156 A CN 202010362156A CN 111357596 A CN111357596 A CN 111357596A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/55—Sugar cane
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0268—Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
- A01G13/0275—Films
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The invention discloses a perennial sugarcane full-film mulching cultivation method, and particularly relates to the technical field of perennial sugarcane cultivation, and the method comprises the following specific steps: step one, selecting a sugarcane field with perennial roots; step two, treating sugarcane fields; step three, ridge breaking, root loosening and fertilizing; step four, installing auxiliary equipment; step five, covering the whole film; and step six, harvesting. The invention can spread the weeding mulching film to cover the sugarcane heads while keeping the soil moist by sprinkling water to promote the sprouting and growth of the sugarcane to be exerted to the maximum extent, has obvious yield and sugar increasing effects, can automatically degrade the mulching film within a 90-day period, can apply the slow-release pesticide fertilizer required by the sugarcane in the whole growth period at one time, does not need to additionally spray the herbicide, uncover the film and top dressing, is convenient and fast to operate, effectively improves the efficiency of the whole cultivation process, reduces the working procedures, saves labor and labor, reduces the production cost, and realizes the simplified and efficient cultivation management of the perennial sugarcane.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of perennial sugarcane cultivation, in particular to a perennial sugarcane full-film mulching cultivation method.
Background
The sugarcane plastic film mulching cultivation is carried out experiment demonstration and popularization and application in a sugarcane area from the 80 th of the 20 th century, practice proves that the sugarcane plastic film mulching film has obvious yield increasing effect and obvious economic benefit, and a newly planted sugarcane ditch or a perennial root sugarcane stump is generally covered by a plastic film with the thickness of 0.008mm and the width of 40-50cm in production. With the enlargement of the area of the sugar cane in the dry land of the sugar cane area, particularly the frequent extreme weather and the long duration of drought in recent years, the mulching film semi-covered sugar cane ditches or sugar cane roots can not meet the requirement of the water for the sprouting and growth of the sugar cane. The cultivation method is popularized and used for full-film mulching cultivation with the width of 1.6m, integrates three principles of rainwater superposition infiltration, soil moisture mulching evaporation inhibition and solar radiation temperature increase, and achieves extremely obvious effects of rainwater collection, temperature increase, soil moisture conservation, drought resistance, yield increase and income increase.
In the prior art, the black and white film is applied to fully cover the sugarcane field without leaving gaps, so that the function of collecting rainwater is achieved, and the functions of water retention, fertilizer retention, temperature rise, sprouting and growth promotion of the sugarcane and the like of the mulching film are exerted to the maximum extent. However, the existing full-film mulching cultivation technology has the defects that for example, the ridge is broken and the roots are loosened and then the fertilizer is applied, the herbicide is sprayed separately, the water spraying is adopted for mulching, the film uncovering and topdressing are needed in the middle of the growth of the sugarcane, the operation is complex, the operation procedures are multiple, the investment labor is high, the production cost is high, and the overall efficiency is lower.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the embodiment of the invention provides a full-film mulching cultivation method for perennial sugarcane, which can be used for developing a full-film mulching cultivation field with a photodegradable weeding mulching film to promote the sprouting and growth of sugarcane to be exerted to the maximum extent while keeping the soil moist by sprinkling water, the mulching film can be automatically degraded within a 90-day period, and the slow-release pesticide fertilizer required by the sugarcane in the full growth period is applied at one time without spraying a herbicide, uncovering the film and topdressing, so that the operation is convenient and fast, the efficiency of the whole cultivation process is effectively improved, the working procedures are reduced, the labor and the time are saved, the production cost is reduced, and the simplified and efficient cultivation management of the perennial sugarcane is realized.
In order to achieve the above object, the embodiments of the present invention provide the following technical solutions: a perennial sugarcane full-film mulching cultivation method comprises the following specific steps:
step one, selecting a sugarcane field with perennial roots: selecting about 4000 effective stems per mu of sugarcane in the first season, well growing, few broken ridges, no serious diseases, insect pests and mouse pests, reserving roots without turning seeds in the sugarcane field, and cutting and harvesting before and after spring;
step two, sugarcane field treatment: after the sugarcane is harvested, green leaves, dead leaves, stems and sugarcane tips on the sugarcane field are cleaned out of the field, and autumn and winter bamboo shoots, tillering seedlings and sugarcane tops exposed out of the field are cut off flatly to ensure that the green leaves, the dead leaves, the stems and the sugarcane tops do not turn back;
step three, ridge breaking and root loosening and fertilization: the ridge breaking and stump loosening are combined with pesticide and fertilizer application at the same time;
step four, auxiliary equipment installation: the auxiliary equipment comprises a transverse plate, four threaded cylinders, two pull rods, four rotating rods, a pipeline joint, a through hole, a box body, three spray heads, nine threaded insertion rods, nine circular plates and nine threaded holes, wherein the threaded holes are formed in the edges of the front end and the rear end of the transverse plate, the threaded insertion rods are respectively inserted into the threaded holes from top to bottom and rotated so that the threaded insertion rods penetrate through the transverse plate and the circular plates are positioned at the top end of the transverse plate, the other threaded insertion rods are sequentially arranged on the transverse plate according to the same method, the four rotating rods are respectively arranged at the two ends of the two pull rods and movably connected with the pull rods through rotating shafts, the rotating rods are inserted into the threaded cylinders and rotated so that the rotating rods are in threaded connection with the threaded cylinders, the installation of the pull rods and the transverse plate is further realized, the pipeline joint is fixedly arranged at one end of the pipeline, the other end of the pipeline is welded with the top end of, the spray head is arranged at the bottom end of the box body through threads, and the through hole is formed between the pipeline and the box body so that the pipeline is communicated with the box body;
step five, full-film covering: when the weeding mulching film head and two sides of the sugarcane row after the weeding mulching film is separated from the weeding mulching film mulching;
step six, harvesting: the sugarcane can be harvested after the mature period.
Furthermore, in the third step, the ridge breaking and root loosening and the pesticide application are combined and carried out simultaneously, 30 percent of Xiego marine biological peptide slow-release pesticide fertilizer (the effective component content N: P: K is 15: 10: 5, the organic matter is 30 percent, and the pesticide containing a fertilizer carrier coated pesticide monosultap or chlorpyrifos granule) is adopted, 120 kg/mu of pesticide fertilizer required by the whole growth period of the sugarcane is applied at one time and is evenly spread on both sides of the root of the sugarcane, and after the application, a tractor is used for rotary tillage to loosen the soil on both sides of the sugarcane and the root of the sugarcane, so that the pesticide fertilizer and the loosened soil are evenly stirred and tilled to be buried on the side of the root of the sugarcane.
Further, in the fifth step, a 1.6m wide photodegradable sugarcane special weeding mulching film is selected to cover the whole field of the perennial sugarcane field, the periphery and the joint of the sealing film are tightly pressed by fine soil, ventilation is not realized, the middle part is tightly pressed by the fine soil along the sugarcane ditches or the sugarcane roots, if the mulching film has a broken opening, the mulching film needs to be sealed by the fine soil to prevent moisture in the film from evaporating and cooling, and the mulching film needs to be tightly attached to the ground.
Further, the auxiliary equipment is moved in the fifth step, the threaded inserted rod is taken care not to damage the sugarcane top.
Furthermore, when harvesting is carried out in the sixth step, a sharp small hoe is used for low cutting, the soil is preferably buried by 2-5cm, and after harvesting, the sugarcane garden is timely cleaned.
The embodiment of the invention has the following advantages:
1. according to the invention, the movable end of the weeding mulching film is fixed with the transverse plate of the mounted auxiliary equipment, the water pipe for sprinkling water is connected with the pipeline, then the auxiliary equipment moves from the ridge head to the ridge tail to expand the weeding mulching film, and meanwhile, the field is sprinkled with water;
2. the degradable weeding mulching film is spread to fully cover the sugarcane field while watering to keep the soil moist, so that the functions of sprouting and growing of the sugarcane are promoted to be exerted to the maximum extent, the mulching film can be automatically degraded within a period of 90 days, the slow-release pesticide fertilizer required by the sugarcane in the full growth period is applied at one time, and the additional spraying of herbicide, film uncovering and topdressing are not needed, so that the operation is convenient and fast, the efficiency of the whole cultivation process is effectively improved, the working procedures are reduced, the labor and the labor are saved, the production cost is reduced, and the simplified and efficient cultivation management of the perennial sugarcane is realized.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below. It should be apparent that the drawings in the following description are merely exemplary, and that other embodiments can be derived from the drawings provided by those of ordinary skill in the art without inventive effort.
The structures, ratios, sizes, and the like shown in the present specification are only used for matching with the contents disclosed in the specification, so as to be understood and read by those skilled in the art, and are not used to limit the conditions that the present invention can be implemented, so that the present invention has no technical significance, and any structural modifications, changes in the ratio relationship, or adjustments of the sizes, without affecting the effects and the achievable by the present invention, should still fall within the range that the technical contents disclosed in the present invention can cover.
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of an auxiliary device according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic side view of the auxiliary device according to the present invention;
in the figure: 1 diaphragm, 2 threaded cylinders, 3 pull rods, 4 rotating rods, 5 pipelines, 6 pipeline connectors, 7 through holes, 8 box bodies, 9 spray heads, 10 threaded insertion rods, 11 round plates and 12 threaded holes.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in terms of particular embodiments, other advantages and features of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following disclosure, and it is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention and that it is not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The test site of the embodiment is located at a test base of a sugarcane research center Zhanjiang Xinqian, Yangtze province, Yangtze county, the land belongs to a sandy red soil dry sloping land, the land is flat and uniform in geology, and the test design and film covering method comprises the following steps: and (3) setting three treatments of covering double-ridge ditches with a full film, covering one-row sugarcane planting ditches with half film (contrast 1) and not covering (contrast 2), and repeating the three treatments. The method comprises the following steps: cleaning a perennial root sugarcane garden, applying enough pesticide and fertilizer at one time, and covering with a whole film: covering the whole field of a test district with a 1.6m wide film, compacting the periphery and the joint of the sealing film with fine soil without ventilation, compacting the middle part with fine soil along a sugarcane ditch or a sugarcane stump, sealing the ground film with fine soil if the ground film has a break to prevent water in the film from evaporating and cooling, and tightly attaching the ground film to the ground. Half covering: covering sugarcane ridges with a mulching film with a width of 40cm, tightly pressing and sealing the periphery of the edge with fine soil, sealing the edge with non-ventilation and air-permeation, sealing the film with fine soil if the film is broken to prevent water in the film from evaporating and cooling, and tightly adhering the film to the ground, wherein the exposed light-permeable part of the film is not less than 20 cm. The fertilization management of the non-mulching film treatment is consistent with the mulching film treatment.
The embodiment of the invention relates to a method for cultivating perennial sugarcane by full-film coverage, which comprises the following specific steps:
step one, selecting a sugarcane field with perennial roots: selecting about 4000 effective stems per mu of sugarcane in the first season, well growing, few broken ridges, no serious diseases, insect pests and mouse pests, reserving roots without turning seeds in the sugarcane field, and cutting and harvesting before and after spring;
step two, sugarcane field treatment: after the sugarcane is harvested, green leaves, dead leaves, stems and sugarcane tips on the sugarcane field are cleaned out of the field, and autumn and winter bamboo shoots, tillering seedlings and sugarcane tops exposed out of the field are cut off flatly to ensure that the green leaves, the dead leaves, the stems and the sugarcane tops do not turn back;
step three, ridge breaking and root loosening and fertilization: the ridge breaking and stem loosening and the pesticide application are combined and carried out simultaneously, 30 percent of Xiego marine biological peptide slow-release pesticide fertilizer (N: P: K is 15: 10: 5, organic matter is 30 percent, and fertilizer carrier-containing coated pesticide monosultap chlorpyrifos granules) is adopted, 120 kg/mu of pesticide fertilizer required by the whole growth period of the sugarcane is applied at one time, and the pesticide fertilizer is uniformly spread on two sides of the stem of the sugarcane. After the application, the soil on the two sides of the sugarcane row and the sugarcane root is loosened by rotary tillage through a tractor, so that the pesticide fertilizer and the loosened soil are uniformly stirred and are ploughed and buried at the edge of the sugarcane root;
step four, auxiliary equipment installation: the auxiliary equipment comprises a transverse plate, four threaded cylinders, two pull rods, four rotating rods, a pipeline joint, a through hole, a box body, three spray heads, nine threaded insertion rods, nine circular plates and nine threaded holes, wherein the threaded holes are formed in the edges of the front end and the rear end of the transverse plate, the threaded insertion rods are respectively inserted into the threaded holes from top to bottom and rotated so that the threaded insertion rods penetrate through the transverse plate and the circular plates are positioned at the top end of the transverse plate, the other threaded insertion rods are sequentially arranged on the transverse plate according to the same method, the four rotating rods are respectively arranged at the two ends of the two pull rods and movably connected with the pull rods through rotating shafts, the rotating rods are inserted into the threaded cylinders and rotated so that the rotating rods are in threaded connection with the threaded cylinders, the installation of the pull rods and the transverse plate is further realized, the pipeline joint is fixedly arranged at one end of the pipeline, the other end of the pipeline is welded with the top end of, the spray head is arranged at the bottom end of the box body through threads, and the through hole is formed between the pipeline and the box body so that the pipeline is communicated with the box body;
step five, full-film covering: the method comprises the steps of selecting a 1.6m wide photodegradable sugarcane special weeding mulching film to cover the whole field of a perennial root sugarcane field, compacting the periphery and the joint of a sealing film by fine soil without ventilation, compacting the middle part of the mulching film along a sugarcane ditch or a sugarcane root and stem by fine soil, sealing the mulching film by fine soil if the mulching film has a broken opening to prevent water in the film from evaporating and cooling, and tightly adhering the mulching film to the ground. When the weeding mulching film head and two sides of the sugarcane row after the weeding mulching film is separated from the weeding mulching film mulching;
step six, harvesting: the sugarcane can be harvested after the sugarcane enters a mature period, the sugarcane is cut down by a sharp small hoe and is preferably buried 2-5cm into the soil, and the sugarcane garden is cleaned in time after the sugarcane is harvested.
TABLE 1 influence of different mulch treatments on the ratoon sugarcane emergence rate, plant height, stem diameter, yield
The test results (table 1) show that: the inter-treatment differences reached a significant level. The number of plants covered by the whole perennial sugarcane film is 15964 plants per 667m2, 1315 more than half-covered 14649 plants, and the difference is not obvious; 5082 more strains than 10882 which are not covered, the difference reaches a significant level, and the difference between half-covered strain and non-covered strain is not significant. Promoting growth: the average plant height of the full-film coverage is increased by 5.8cm compared with that of the half-film coverage, the stem diameter is increased by 1.4cm on average, the length and the width of the leaves are increased, and the field growth shows obvious difference. The yield result shows that the yield of the sugarcane stalks treated by full membrane covering in the demonstration area is per 667m 27216 kg, the yield is increased by 1235kg compared with that of the sugarcane stalks treated by half membrane covering of 5981kg, the amplification is 20.6%, and the difference is not obvious; compared with the non-demonstration area which does not cover 5364kg of treatment, the yield is increased by 1852kg, the amplification is increased by 34.5 percent, and the difference reaches a remarkable level. The yield of the semi-membrane coverage is increased by 617kg compared with the yield of the semi-membrane coverage without the coverage, the amplification is 11.5 percent, and the difference is not obvious. Therefore, the perennial sugarcane full-film coverage cultivation method is an economic and effective practical technology, and popularization and application of the technology have special significance and important effects on solving adverse natural factor influences such as more sugarcanes in dry lands of sugarcane areas, low-temperature, less rain and drought in winter and spring and the like, and improving the sugarcane yield and the sucrose score. The whole film coverage prevents the wind erosion and the water erosion of the soil surface, maintains the warm and humid environment of the soil, effectively reduces the water and soil loss, is beneficial to improving the ecological environment and has a certain effect on soil improvement.
The results in table 2 show that the sugarcane sucrose content difference between the full film coverage and the half film coverage treatment is significant, the average sugarcane sucrose content of the full film coverage treatment is 16.50%, which is 1.42% higher than that of the conventional uncovered film treatment (CK) (absolute value, the same below), and the half film coverage treatment is 0.66% higher than that of the conventional uncovered film treatment (CK). The sugar content per mu treated by full film covering is 1190.4kg, the sugar content per mu reaches the sugar standard per mu per ton, and compared with 381.3kg of sugar content in the Conventional (CK) film-uncovered treatment, the sugar content in the film-covered whole film covering treatment is 47.13 percent; the sugar content of the half-film covered area is 941.6kg, and the sugar content is increased by 16.38 percent compared with the sugar content of 132.5kg in the conventional film uncovered (CK) treatment. In conclusion, the application effect of the perennial sugarcane full-film mulching cultivation technology is obvious in yield and sugar increasing effect compared with the conventional non-film mulching treatment.
TABLE 2 Effect of different mulch treatments on economic performance of ratoon sugarcane
The above table shows that the cultivation method of the perennial sugarcane full-film mulching can exert the functions of the sugarcane such as sprouting and growth to the maximum extent, greatly improve the film mulching efficiency, have obvious yield and sugar increasing effects, can automatically degrade the mulching film within a period of 90 days, and can apply the slow-release pesticide fertilizer required by the sugarcane in the full growth period at one time without additionally spraying herbicide, uncovering the film and topdressing, so that the operation is convenient and fast, the efficiency of the whole cultivation process is effectively improved, the working procedures are reduced, the labor and the time are saved, the production cost is reduced, and the simplified and efficient cultivation management of the perennial sugarcane is realized.
Although the invention has been described in detail above with reference to a general description and specific examples, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (5)
1. A perennial sugarcane full-film mulching cultivation method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following specific steps:
step one, selecting a sugarcane field with perennial roots: selecting about 4000 effective stems per mu of sugarcane in the first season, well growing, few broken ridges, no serious diseases, insect pests and mouse pests, reserving roots without turning seeds in the sugarcane field, and cutting and harvesting before and after spring;
step two, sugarcane field treatment: after the sugarcane is harvested, green leaves, dead leaves, stems and sugarcane tips on the sugarcane field are cleaned out of the field, and autumn and winter bamboo shoots, tillering seedlings and sugarcane tops exposed out of the field are cut off flatly to ensure that the green leaves, the dead leaves, the stems and the sugarcane tops do not turn back;
step three, ridge breaking and root loosening and fertilization: the ridge breaking and stump loosening are combined with pesticide and fertilizer application at the same time;
step four, auxiliary equipment installation: the auxiliary equipment comprises a transverse plate, four threaded cylinders, two pull rods, four rotating rods, a pipeline joint, a through hole, a box body, three spray heads, nine threaded insertion rods, nine circular plates and nine threaded holes, wherein the threaded holes are formed in the edges of the front end and the rear end of the transverse plate, the threaded insertion rods are respectively inserted into the threaded holes from top to bottom and rotated so that the threaded insertion rods penetrate through the transverse plate and the circular plates are positioned at the top end of the transverse plate, the other threaded insertion rods are sequentially arranged on the transverse plate according to the same method, the four rotating rods are respectively arranged at the two ends of the two pull rods and movably connected with the pull rods through rotating shafts, the rotating rods are inserted into the threaded cylinders and rotated so that the rotating rods are in threaded connection with the threaded cylinders, the installation of the pull rods and the transverse plate is further realized, the pipeline joint is fixedly arranged at one end of the pipeline, the other end of the pipeline is welded with the top end of, the spray head is arranged at the bottom end of the box body through threads, and the through hole is formed between the pipeline and the box body so that the pipeline is communicated with the box body;
step five, full-film covering: when the weeding mulching film head and two sides of the sugarcane row after the weeding mulching film is separated from the weeding mulching film mulching;
step six, harvesting: the sugarcane can be harvested after the mature period.
2. The method for cultivating perennial sugarcane by full-film mulching according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the third step, 30 percent of Xiego marine biological peptide slow-release pesticide fertilizer (the content of effective components is N: P: K is 15: 10: 5, the content of organic matters is 30 percent, and the fertilizer carrier-containing coated pesticide monosultap-chlorpyrifos granules are contained) is applied to 120 kg/mu of pesticide fertilizer required by the whole growth period of the sugarcane at one time and uniformly spread on two sides of the sugarcane root, and after the pesticide fertilizer is applied, a tractor is used for rotary tillage and loosening soil on two sides of the sugarcane root, so that the pesticide fertilizer and the loosened soil are uniformly stirred and buried on the edge of the sugarcane root.
3. The method for cultivating perennial sugarcane by full-film mulching according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and step five, covering the whole field of the perennial root sugarcane field with a 1.6m wide photodegradable sugarcane special weeding mulching film, compacting the periphery and the joint of the sealing film by fine soil without ventilation, compacting the middle part of the mulching film along a sugarcane ditch or a sugarcane root by fine soil, sealing the mulching film by fine soil if the mulching film has a broken opening to prevent water in the film from evaporating and cooling, and tightly adhering the mulching film to the ground.
4. The method for cultivating perennial sugarcane by full-film mulching according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and in the fifth step, the auxiliary equipment is moved, and the threaded inserted rod does not damage the sugarcane top.
5. The method for cultivating perennial sugarcane by full-film mulching according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and C, in the sixth step, the sugarcane is cut down by a sharp hoe, the soil is preferably buried by 2-5cm, and the sugarcane garden is cleaned in time after harvesting.
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