CN111279894A - Plant propagation method - Google Patents

Plant propagation method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111279894A
CN111279894A CN201910825393.2A CN201910825393A CN111279894A CN 111279894 A CN111279894 A CN 111279894A CN 201910825393 A CN201910825393 A CN 201910825393A CN 111279894 A CN111279894 A CN 111279894A
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China
Prior art keywords
rooting
treatment
root
root system
germination
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Inventor
李云
张子杰
孙宇涵
董黎
韩超
王少明
李艳星
郭文斌
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Beijing Forestry University
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Beijing Forestry University
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00—Botany in general
    • A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
    • A01N43/06—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom five-membered rings
    • A01N43/12—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom five-membered rings condensed with a carbocyclic ring
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • A01N43/36—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom five-membered rings
    • A01N43/38—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom five-membered rings condensed with carbocyclic rings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/90—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having two or more relevant hetero rings, condensed among themselves or with a common carbocyclic ring system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N45/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, containing compounds having three or more carbocyclic rings condensed among themselves, at least one ring not being a six-membered ring
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N61/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing substances of unknown or undetermined composition, e.g. substances characterised only by the mode of action

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for propagating plants, which comprises the steps of selecting a rooting-germination promoting treatment site on a non-isolated root system of a plant, and then carrying out incised wound treatment or/and hormone treatment on the rooting-germination promoting treatment site.

Description

Plant propagation method
Technical Field
The invention relates to a vegetative propagation method of plants, in particular to a vegetative propagation method of shallow-rooted plants, and belongs to the field of landscape plants.
Background
The tree germination promotion is widely used in the construction of cutting orchard and the asexual rapid propagation. At present, vegetative propagation modes such as tissue culture, grafting, root cutting, cuttage and the like are mostly used in nursery stock cultivation and artificial forest construction. Although the purpose of rapid propagation can be achieved, the above methods have respective limitations. The tissue culture has high requirements on the operating environment and the quality of operators, the early investment is large, the survival rate is difficult to guarantee, different propagation materials need a set of corresponding propagation system, and the direct popularization and utilization in production are difficult to realize. Grafting propagation is carried out in spring mostly, season limitation exists, once grafting is not alive, grafting can be carried out again in the next year, and propagation efficiency is affected. Cuttage and root cutting have high requirements on the stock plant of the scion (root), the position of each tree suitable for scion picking is limited, and the scion picking of the stock plant in successive years can affect the growth of the stock plant and is not beneficial to sustainable development. At present, the mass cutting cuttings are obtained in a mode of cutting stems and roots and promoting root system sprouting by chemical agents, although the method can obtain tender branch cuttings in a short time, the original individual stems or roots need to be damaged, the method is only suitable for special woodlands such as nursery gardens and cutting forests, and the existing method has certain limitations because the existing individuals are not damaged for trees such as tree seed gardens, ecological forests and ornamental trees which are engaged in production and public service. And the difference of the cuttage survival rates of different tree species is large, and the cuttage and rooting of partial tree species (locust and the like) are difficult. Although the root cutting can solve the problem of difficult rooting, the root cutting has higher requirement on the thickness of the harvested root, too thin nutrient substance accumulation is less, the root is not easy to bud, too thick root systems have serious lignification and can bud, but the emergence rate is lower, especially the root cutting is carried out by using thick roots, more propagation materials are needed, the root cutting strips are collected to have larger damage to the root system of the original mother plant for providing the harvested root, the growth of the mother plant is seriously influenced, and most of the harvested root mother plants form small and old trees and even die. In production, a propagation method which can be developed sustainably and has no influence on the growth of the rooting mother plant is urgently needed. The branch cutting can quickly obtain a large amount of clone individuals with consistent growth vigor in a short time, but for different tree species and materials with different tender degrees, in order to ensure the best rooting effect, a matched cutting method and a matched formula of a treatment solution need to be specially developed, and the early investment is large. Compared with the branch cutting, the root cutting is simple to operate and easy to root. In-vitro root cutting needs to depend on a greenhouse seedbed, the growth environment is manually controlled, even if the seedling emergence rate is difficult to guarantee, and in production and research, if the demand for cloning materials is not large, the in-vitro root cutting easily causes great resource waste.
The root system is an important nutritive organ of the plant and plays an important role in scientific research and seedling production. In scientific research and production, research on precious tree species and old tree ancient trees often requires individual materials with the same genotype as the precious tree species and old tree ancient trees, the construction of a variety cutting orchard and the cloning of good varieties also require a method of vegetative propagation, and the defects of the conventional vegetative propagation often consume a great deal of energy in the propagation link. In the root cutting propagation research, whether and how differences exist between heredity and growth of individuals generated by different levels of root systems (such as primary roots, secondary roots and tertiary roots) and different types of root systems (main roots and lateral roots) of forest trees, and the research on the aspect is limited due to the defects of isolated root cutting propagation at present.
The root sprouting of the mother plant of the tree (sprouting of new buds or seedlings from the root of the mother plant of the tree) is a mode for individual self-renewal, and the research on the renewal mechanism has great significance for understanding the reason and the process of the rejuvenation of the tree. However, at present, the root sprouting of individuals on stock plants occurs randomly, the root sprouting probability is low, and the selection of ideal research materials needs to be established on large-area investigation, and if special site conditions and terrains are met, the sampling is difficult, so that the ideal research materials are difficult to obtain. If manually controlled root system sprouting promotion can be realized, the acquisition of research materials is greatly facilitated. Meanwhile, the root propagation is also needed for the propagation of trees, especially for the propagation of precious materials; in research, young materials of specific young individuals, such as leaves, stems and the like with different degrees of young trees are often required, and if the young materials are obtained from adult individuals, the development tree age and the tree age of the adult trees are affected although the young organs are obtained. The non-isolated root sprouting method is much easier than the isolated root cutting method, can meet the requirements of small seedling quantity and propagation and seedling culture of the tree species which are difficult to root and grow into seedlings, and is a rapid seedling culture method for solving the problems of difficult propagation of the tree species, the tree species which are cherished and aging individuals.
The conventional method for asexual propagation by adopting plant root systems generally needs root cutting treatment, and after the root system of a plant parent plant is cut off, germination is promoted, and a new plant is propagated. For example, patent publication No. CN107896778A discloses a method for preventing the bud of Robinia pseudoacacia and promoting high yield by digging a circular groove and cutting off lateral roots to promote the germination of fine roots. The method digs the furrows and cuts the roots in all directions simultaneously, which has adverse effect on the normal growth of the individual, often causes the situation that the growth vigor of the individual is weakened year by year, and a renewed plant cannot be obtained. The invention patent with publication number CN102487775A adopts a mode of longitudinal and transverse combination and ordered excavation to promote the root system of kiwi fruit to be updated, and although the root system of an individual is prevented from being damaged greatly, the problem of cutting off the root system of a mother plant still exists, and the method aims to promote the formation of denser root system groups and cannot obtain updated individual plants. Another example is: three invention patents of publication numbers CN107027534A, CN106962105A, and CN102986435A promote individual renewal by cutting roots of plant roots of licorice, populus euphratica, and arid regions, but these methods all treat the original individual plant roots, all damage the individual root system of the mother plant, and damage the growth and development of the mother plant, especially in arid desert regions, the plant root system is very fragile, and is easy to have great influence on the growth of the mother plant, even die. For another example: the invention patent application with publication number CN107125118A discloses a cultivation and cutting seedling method for seedling of a root of a Metasequoia fortunei, which exposes a first-level lateral root in a mode of excavating soil on the sunny side of a base part of an solitary tree and a forest edge tree, damages a joint part of a trunk and the root system, and then backfills soil to enable the trunk and the root system to naturally sprout ear strips for cuttage. The method naturally sprouts new sprouts from original individuals to obtain cottage cuttings, so the method is similar to branch cutting. The method needs to cut off the trunk of the tree and is suitable for forest marginal trees and solitary trees. The method causes great damage and loss to the artificial forest which grows normally and is used for production and forest stand for improving ecology.
The invention patent application with publication number CN102696302A discloses a teak low-stem-cutting germination-promoting rapid propagation seedling raising method, which comprises the steps of firstly culturing mother seedlings, then transplanting, grading after the mother seedlings grow to a certain standard, cutting the trunk of the mother plants to promote germination, finally collecting scion wood for cuttage, and finally obtaining teak container seedlings, which are also one of branch cutting. The method promotes the germination of the scion by cutting the seedling, and the seedling is required to be sowed in advance. Although the invention carries out grading treatment on the mother seedlings after seedling raising, the difference of the seedlings with germinated seeds in growth vigor is larger, and after grading, a part of materials with weak growth vigor cannot be cut off, so that the prior ineffective investment is caused, and the invention has certain limitation in use.
Robinia pseudoacacia L is a warm-zone deciduous tree of the genus Robinia of the family Leguminosae, originated in North America, and introduced into Asia, Europe, etc. The wood has high density, developed root system, good nitrogen fixation capacity and good germination and root tillering performance, and is a main afforestation tree species and a tree species with the largest area of an artificial forest in mountainous regions in the Chinese and western countries. The acacia is a shallow root tree species, the main root of the acacia is underdeveloped, the lateral root of the acacia grows by radiation, and the root system is mostly distributed in the soil surface layer of 20 cm-40 cm, so the acacia is an excellent sand-fixing soil-retaining tree species. The locust tree material is hard and heavy, has fine texture, is resistant to water and moisture, has strong corrosion resistance, and is an important tree species for building materials. The leaf has rich crude protein content, and can be used for preparing feed. Flowers are an excellent honey source, seed oil can be used as an industrial paint raw material, and locust bean gum can be used as a thickening agent, a gelling agent and the like. At present, large-area sheet forestation is carried out in Huang-Huai river basin in North China plain, other areas are mostly used as greening trees on four sides, a small number of greening trees are used as street trees, and the robinia pseudoacacia has important research and practical values.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for promoting germination and seedling raising of a plant by taking a non-isolated root system as a root system of the plant, aiming at the technical defects existing in the conventional method for cultivating and propagating the plant by taking the root system of a mother plant as a material and the requirements in scientific research and production.
In order to achieve the object of the present invention, in one aspect, the present invention provides a method for plant propagation, comprising selecting a root-germination promoting site on a non-excised root system of a plant, and then performing a cutting treatment or/and a hormone treatment on a root system of the root-germination promoting site.
Wherein the plant is selected from a shallow root plant; the non-isolated root system means that the root system is not separated from the mother plant, namely the root system is not separated from the mother plant and is not separated from the mother plant; the root system of the mother plant does not need to be cut off.
Non-separation root system means promptly, do not cut off the native root system on the plant body when utilizing plant roots to breed the nursery stock, only induce new root system and sprout the branch bud on new root system on original root system, these new sprout the new seedling of bud and new root system constitution, thereby accomplish the process of growing seedlings, when separating these seedlings from native root system, only peel off the new root that links to each other with native root system can, and need not cut off original root system, realize the new seedling of cultivating under the prerequisite of not injuring native root system. In general, when seedling is grown by using a root system, the root system needs to be cut off to separate the root system from a mother plant, and the seedling newly developed by the root system can be obtained through transplantation or transplantation. The invention adopts a native root system, namely a non-isolated root system.
In particular, the plant is selected from acacia, paulownia, buxus sinica and magnolia denudata, and is preferably acacia.
Wherein, the distance between the rooting-sprouting promoting treatment site on the root system and the plant trunk is more than or equal to 1m, namely, the root system at the position which is more than or equal to 1m away from the plant trunk is selected as the rooting-sprouting promoting treatment site.
In particular, the diameter of the root system of the rooting-germination promoting treatment site is more than or equal to 0.5cm, preferably 0.5-3cm, and further 2 cm.
Wherein the diameter of the root system of the rooting-germination promoting treatment site is less than 0.5cm, and preferably 0.1-0.5 cm.
Particularly, when the rooting-germination promoting site is selected on the first-level root of the plant, the distance between the rooting-germination promoting site and the trunk of the plant is more than or equal to 1m, and the diameter of the root system is more than or equal to 0.5 cm.
In particular, when the rooting-germination promoting site is selected on the secondary root of the plant, the distance between the rooting-germination promoting site and the implantation point of the secondary root is 15-25cm, preferably 20cm, and the diameter of the root system is more than or equal to 0.5 cm.
In particular, when the rooting-germination promoting sites are selected on the thin roots, the diameter of the root system of the rooting-germination promoting sites is less than 0.5 cm.
In particular, the root system of the germination-promoting treatment site is subjected to incised wound treatment and hormone treatment in sequence.
Wherein the rooting-germination promoting treatment site is selected according to the following steps:
1) the rooting-germination promoting treatment site is selected on the first-level root of the plant, the distance between the rooting-germination promoting treatment site and the trunk is more than or equal to 1m, and the diameter of the root system is more than or equal to 0.5cm, preferably 0.5-3cm, and further preferably 2 cm;
2) the rooting-germination promoting treatment site is selected on a secondary root of a plant, the distance between the rooting-germination promoting treatment site and a trunk is more than or equal to 1m, the distance between the rooting site and an implantation point of the secondary root is 15-25cm, preferably 20cm, and the diameter of a root system is more than or equal to 0.5 cm;
3) the rooting-sprouting promoting treatment site is selected on the rootlet, so that the distance between the rooting-sprouting promoting treatment site and the trunk is more than or equal to 1m, and the diameter of the rootlet is less than 0.5cm, preferably 0.1-0.5 cm.
Particularly, the rooting-germination promoting treatment site is selected on the first-level root of the plant, the distance between the germination promoting treatment site and the trunk is 1-3m, and the diameter of the root system is more than or equal to 0.5cm, preferably 0.5-3cm, and further preferably 2 cm;
in particular, a plurality of rooting-germination promoting treatment sites can be selected on the same primary root of the mother plant, and the distance between two adjacent germination promoting treatment sites is more than or equal to 1m, preferably 1-1.5m, and further preferably 1 m.
Particularly, a plurality of rooting-germination promoting treatment sites can be selected on the secondary roots of the same mother plant, the trunk is taken as the starting point and extends outwards, the distance between the first rooting-germination promoting treatment site on the secondary roots and the roots is more than or equal to 1m, and the distance between the first rooting-germination promoting treatment site and the rooting point of the secondary roots is 15-25 cm; the distance between two adjacent germination promoting treatment sites is more than or equal to 1m, preferably 1-1.5m, and more preferably 1 m.
Particularly, the method also comprises the steps of washing the root system of the rooting-germination promoting treatment site, cleaning soil and root system metabolites on the surface of the root system, naturally airing, and then carrying out the incised wound treatment or/and hormone treatment.
Wherein, the incised wound treatment is to remove the root bark of the rooting-sprouting promoting treatment site to form incised wound strips; then, a point-like or linear wound is formed on the incised wound strip, and the wound penetrates into the xylem.
In particular, the above-described cutting treatment is performed on a root system having a diameter of not less than 0.5cm, and the diameter of the root system subjected to the cutting treatment is preferably 0.5 to 3cm, and more preferably 2 cm.
In particular, the depth of the punctiform or threadlike wound is 1-3mm, preferably 2 mm; the density of the point-shaped or linear wound is 5-7/cm2Preferably 6/cm2。
Wherein the incising treatment is selected from full girdling treatment, semi-girdling treatment, double 1/4 girdling treatment or scratching treatment.
Girdling refers to the removal of a root bark of a certain width around the roots of a plant. Full girdling refers to stripping off the root bark of a certain width around the root of a plant, wherein the root bark is the whole circumference (one circle) of the root; semi-girdling refers to stripping off 1/2-week-long root bark of roots with a certain width around the roots of plants; 1/4 girdling is the peeling of a root bark of 1/4 weeks around the plant root, with a certain width; double 1/4 girdling means that 2 wide, 1/4 circumference of the root is stripped around the plant root, and two 1/4 circumference sections are separated from each other by a distance, preferably two 1/4 circumference sections are in opposite positions.
In particular, the incising treatment of the full ring cutting is: cutting annularly at the rooting-germination promoting treatment site with a knife, removing root bark to form a full-ring cutting nicked strip, wherein the cutting nicked direction is perpendicular to the root system growth direction, and then forming a punctiform or linear wound on the peeled xylem of the annular nicked strip with a knife tip.
The full-circle cutting and carving strip is annular, and the circumference of the full-circle cutting and carving strip is the same as that of the root.
In particular, the width of the full circumcision annular strip wound is 0.5-1cm (preferably 0.75 cm).
In particular, the cut of the annular band-shaped incised strip is flat.
In particular, the depth of the point-shaped or linear wound on the skin-removing strip after incising is 1-3mm, preferably 2mm, deep into xylem; the wound density is 5-7 pieces/cm2Preferably 6/cm2。
In particular, the punctiform or linear incisions are evenly distributed on the scored strip.
In addition to the use of knives, other girdling devices are suitable for the present invention when girdling the plant root system.
In particular, the nicking treatment of the semi-ring cutting is: the circumference of 1/2 roots is cut circularly by a knife at the rooting-germination promoting treatment site and the root bark is removed to form a semi-ring cutting nicking strip, the nicking of the nicking strip is rectangular, two sides of the rectangle are parallel to the growth direction of the root system, the other two sides are perpendicular to the growth direction of the root system, and then a point-shaped or linear wound is formed on the xylem of the nicking strip by the knife tip.
The semicircular cutting and scoring band is in the shape of a semicircular ring, and the circumference of the semicircular cutting and scoring band is 1/2 of the circumference of the root.
In particular, the width of the semi-ring cutting and incising strip is 0.5-1cm (preferably 0.75 cm); the incision length of the semi-ring incised wound strip is 1/2 of the root system circumference.
In particular, the cut edges of the rectangular incised strips are regular.
Particularly, the depth of the point-shaped or linear wound on the semi-ring cutting incised wound strip is 1-3mm, preferably 2mm, deep into xylem; the wound density is 5-7 pieces/cm2Preferably 6/cm2。
In particular, the nicking treatment of the double 1/4 ring cutting is: and (2) incising at two opposite sides of the same point by using a knife, removing root bark to form two 1/4 ring cutting incised wound strips, wherein the incisions of the incised wound strips are rectangular, two sides of the rectangular incised wound strips are the same as the growth direction of a root system, the other two sides of the rectangular incised wound strips are vertical to the growth direction of the root system, the length of the incisions is 1/4-1/3 (preferably 1/4) of the circumference of the root system, the width of the incisions is 0.5 cm-1 cm, and then a point-shaped wound or a linear wound is formed on the xylem of the incised wound strips by using a.
In particular, the incision edges of the two rectangular incised strips are regular.
In particular, the depth of the point-shaped or linear wound on the two 1/4 girdling cut strips is 1-3mm, preferably 2mm, of the xylem; the wound density is 5-7 pieces/cm2Preferably 6/cm2。
In particular, the scoring treatment of the scratch is: and treating the root system with the diameter less than 0.5cm by adopting a scratching or scratching mode, wherein the wound direction is consistent with the root system growth direction, the scratching length is 0.5-1cm, the wound is deep and exceeds the cortex, and the incised wound deeply damages xylem.
In particular, the depth of the cut of the scratch is deeper than the cortex and hurts the xylem, namely the scratch depth of the wound is controlled to penetrate through the cortex and the incised depth hurts the xylem.
The incision formed by incising facilitates the penetration of the compound for rooting and promoting germination into the root system tissue, and promotes the rooting and germination.
In particular, the method also comprises the step of wrapping the rooting-germination promoting treatment site with water moss after the nicking treatment is carried out on the rooting-germination promoting treatment site.
In particular, the method also comprises the steps of naturally drying the wound of the root system after the incised wound is treated, and then carrying out the hormone treatment.
Wherein the hormone treatment is to smear a rooting-germination promoting compound on a root system of a rooting-germination promoting treatment site; or soaking the rooting-germination promoting treatment sites on the root system in the rooting-germination promoting compound liquid for at least 3 s.
In particular, the rooting-germination-promoting compound is applied around the root system (i.e. around the diameter of the root system), and the application width (i.e. the length along the growth direction of the root system) is 3-8cm, preferably 5 cm; the thickness of the rooting-germination promoting compound after being smeared is 0.5-4mm, and the optimal thickness is 1-2 mm.
In particular, the rooting-germination promoting treatment sites on the root system are soaked in the rooting-germination promoting compound liquid for 3-10s, preferably 5 s.
In particular, it further comprises: coating the root system of the rooting-germination promoting treatment site with the rooting-germination promoting compound, and then wrapping the root system of the rooting-germination promoting treatment site with the sphagna; or soaking the root system of the root-promoting treatment site in the rooting-promoting compound solution, and then wrapping the root system of the root-promoting treatment site by the sphagna.
Wherein the rooting-germination promoting compound selects a rooting-germination promoting compound A containing 6-BA, IBA, IAA and lanolin; a rooting-germination promoting compound B containing NAA, IAA, rooting powder, gibberellin and lanolin, or a rooting-germination promoting compound C containing IBA, IAA, gibberellin and lanolin.
Particularly, the concentration of the 6-BA in the rooting-sprouting promoting compound A is 10-30mg/L, and preferably 20 mg/L; the concentration of IBA is 50-150mg/L, preferably 100 mg/L; the concentration of IAA is 50-120mg/L, preferably 90 mg/L.
Particularly, the concentration of NAA in the rooting-sprouting promoting compound B is 50-150mg/L, preferably 100 mg/L; the concentration of the IAA is 50-120mg/L, preferably 90 mg/L; the concentration of the rooting powder is 100-200mg/L, preferably 150 mg/L; the concentration of the gibberellin is 200-400mg/L, preferably 300 mg/L.
Particularly, the concentration of the IBA in the rooting-sprouting promoting compound C is 70-150mg/L, and preferably 100 mg/L; the concentration of the IAA is 50-200mg/L, preferably 100 mg/L; the concentration of the gibberellin is 200-400mg/L, preferably 300 mg/L.
Wherein the rooting-germination promoting compound liquid selects a rooting-germination promoting compound liquid IV containing 6-BA, IBA, IAA and water; a rooting-germination promoting compound liquid V containing NAA, IAA, rooting powder, gibberellin and water or a rooting-germination promoting compound liquid VI containing IBA, IAA, gibberellin and water.
Particularly, the concentration of the 6-BA in the rooting-germination promoting compound liquid IV is 10-30mg/L, and preferably 20 mg/L; the concentration of IBA is 50-150mg/L, preferably 100 mg/L; the concentration of IAA is 50-120mg/L, preferably 90 mg/L.
Particularly, the concentration of NAA in the rooting-germination promoting compound solution V is 50-150mg/L, preferably 100 mg/L; the concentration of the IAA is 50-120mg/L, preferably 90 mg/L; the concentration of the rooting powder is 100-200mg/L, preferably 150 mg/L; the concentration of the gibberellin is 200-400mg/L, preferably 300 mg/L.
Particularly, the concentration of the IBA in the rooting-germination promoting compound liquid VI is 70-150mg/L, and preferably 100 mg/L; the concentration of the IAA is 50-200mg/L, preferably 100 mg/L; the concentration of the gibberellin is 200-400mg/L, preferably 300 mg/L.
Particularly, the method further comprises the steps of backfilling the root system after incised wound treatment or/and hormone treatment and covering the root system with soil, burying and covering the soil, then sterilizing the root system backfilled soil of the rooting-germination promoting treatment site, and then carrying out germination management until the seedling develops.
Wherein the disinfection treatment is to spray 0.1 percent potassium permanganate solution on the soil around the rooting-germination promoting treatment site.
Particularly, the method also comprises covering the soil after the disinfection treatment with rice straws or wheat straws, and spraying water for moisturizing.
In particular, the management of sprouting is: after rooting-germination promoting treatment points grow seedlings, spraying 40% of full-effect fertilizer and 3% of carbendazim at every two circumferential treatment points, spraying a small amount of water at every other week to ensure that the relative humidity of soil is maintained at 70 +/-10%, and timely cleaning weeds around the seedlings.
The burying-earthing treatment of the rooting-germination promoting treatment sites aims to: avoiding light to promote the germination and rooting of the root system; moisture is preserved to prevent the root system from being air-dried in the air; and the root system can directly absorb nutrients from nearby soil after rooting, so that the management is convenient and the survival is easy.
Particularly, the method also comprises the steps of digging the root system of the seedling after the seedling leaves, separating the root system of the seedling from the root system of the mother plant, and transplanting.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a method of propagating a plant, comprising the steps of, in order:
1) excavating surface soil on individual stock plants to be propagated in the last 3 to 4 or/and last 10 to 11 months each year to expose non-isolated root systems of the stock plants;
2) carrying out incised wound treatment or scratching treatment on the root system of the non-in-vitro stock plant, wherein the distance between the incised wound treatment or scratching treatment position and the trunk of the stock plant is more than or equal to 1m, and then wrapping the incised wound treatment or scratching treated root system by water moss;
3) backfilling covering soil on the root system treatment points, spraying disinfectant, and performing disinfection treatment; covering the backfilled soil with hay or straws, and spraying water for moisturizing;
4) after the treated points grow seedlings, spraying 40% of full-effect fertilizer and 3% of carbendazim every two circumferential treatment points, spraying water to ensure that the relative humidity of soil is maintained at about 70%, and timely cleaning weeds around the seedlings;
5) after the seedling leaves, digging the root system of the seedling, and transplanting after separating the root system of the seedling from the root system of the mother plant.
Wherein, the root system with the diameter of more than or equal to 0.5cm, preferably 0.5-3cm is carved in the step 2); and scratching the roots with the root diameter less than 0.5 cm.
Particularly, the incising treatment in the step 2) is selected from a full girdling treatment, a half girdling treatment or a double 1/4 girdling treatment.
In particular, the root system having a diameter of not less than 0.5cm is subjected to the above-described cutting treatment, and the diameter of the root system subjected to the cutting treatment is preferably 0.5 to 3cm, and more preferably 2 cm.
In particular, the scratching treatment in step 2) is: and treating the root system with the diameter less than 0.5cm by adopting a scratching or scratching mode, wherein the direction of a wound formed by scratching or scratching is consistent with the growth direction of the root system, the length is 0.5-1cm, the wound is deep over the cortex, and the xylem is deeply injured.
In particular, the depth of the incision is deeper than the cortex and hurts the xylem, i.e., the depth of the incision is controlled to penetrate the cortex and hurt the xylem.
In particular, the step 2) also comprises selecting a rooting-germination promoting treatment site for nicking or scratching treatment on the root system of the non-isolated mother plant, and then carrying out the nicking or scratching treatment.
Wherein, the distance between the rooting-sprouting promoting treatment site and the trunk of the mother plant is more than or equal to 1m, namely, the root system at the position which is more than or equal to 1m away from the trunk of the mother plant is selected as the rooting-sprouting promoting treatment site.
In a further aspect, the present invention provides a method of propagating a plant, comprising the steps of, in order:
1) excavating surface soil on individual stock plants to be propagated in the last 3 to 4 or/and last 10 to 11 months each year to expose non-isolated root systems of the stock plants;
2) carrying out hormone treatment on the plant root system of the non-in-vitro stock plant, wherein the distance between the hormone treatment position and the trunk of the stock plant is more than or equal to 1m, and then wrapping the root system after the hormone treatment by using water moss;
3) backfilling covering soil on the root system treatment points, spraying disinfectant, and performing disinfection treatment; covering the backfilled soil with hay or straws, and spraying water for moisturizing;
4) after the treated points grow seedlings, spraying 40% of full-effect fertilizer and 3% of carbendazim every two circumferential treatment points, spraying water to ensure that the relative humidity of soil is maintained at about 70%, and timely cleaning weeds around the seedlings;
5) after the seedling leaves, digging the root system of the seedling, and transplanting after separating the root system of the seedling from the root system of the mother plant.
Wherein, the hormone treatment in the step 2) is to smear a rooting-germination promoting compound on the root system with the diameter of more than or equal to 0.5cm, preferably 0.5-3 cm; soaking root system with diameter less than 0.5cm in rooting-germination promoting compound liquid for at least 3 s.
In particular, step 2) further comprises selecting a root-sprouting promoting treatment site for hormone treatment on a root system of a non-excised mother plant, and then performing the hormone treatment.
Wherein, the distance between the rooting-sprouting promoting treatment site and the trunk of the mother plant is more than or equal to 1m, namely, the root system at the position which is more than or equal to 1m away from the trunk of the mother plant is selected as the rooting-sprouting promoting treatment site.
In particular, a plurality of rooting-germination promoting treatment sites can be selected on the same root system, and the distance between two adjacent germination promoting treatment sites is more than or equal to 1m, preferably 1-1.5m, and further preferably 1 m.
Wherein the hormone treatment is root-sprouting promoting compound applied to the ring root system (i.e. applied around the diameter of the root system), and the application width (i.e. the length along the growth direction of the root system) is 3-8cm, preferably 5 cm; the thickness of the rooting-germination promoting compound after being smeared is 0.5-4mm, and the optimal thickness is 1-2 mm.
In particular, the rooting-germination-promoting compound selects a rooting-germination-promoting compound A containing 6-BA, IBA, IAA and lanolin; a rooting-germination promoting compound B containing NAA, IAA, rooting powder, gibberellin and lanolin, or a rooting-germination promoting compound C containing IBA, IAA, gibberellin and lanolin.
Particularly, the rooting-germination promoting compound liquid selects a rooting-germination promoting compound liquid IV containing 6-BA, IBA, IAA and water; a rooting-germination promoting compound liquid V containing NAA, IAA, rooting powder, gibberellin and water or a rooting-germination promoting compound liquid VI containing IBA, IAA, gibberellin and water.
In a further aspect, the present invention provides a method of propagating a plant, comprising the steps of, in order:
A) excavating surface soil on individual stock plants to be propagated in the last 3 to 4 or/and last 10 to 11 months each year to expose non-isolated root systems of the stock plants;
B) carrying out incised wound treatment or scratching treatment on the root system of the non-isolated mother plant, wherein the distance between the incised wound treatment or scratching treatment position and the trunk of the plant is more than or equal to 1 m;
C) carrying out hormone treatment on the root system subjected to incised wound treatment or scratch treatment;
D) backfilling covering soil on the root system treatment points after hormone treatment, and spraying disinfectant for disinfection treatment; covering the backfilled soil with hay or straws, and spraying water for moisturizing;
E) after the treated points grow seedlings, spraying 40% of full-effect fertilizer and 3% of carbendazim every two circumferential treatment points, spraying water to ensure that the relative humidity of soil is maintained at about 70%, and timely cleaning weeds around the seedlings;
F) after the seedling leaves, digging the root system of the seedling, and transplanting after separating the root system of the seedling from the root system of the mother plant.
Wherein, the incising treatment in the step B) is selected from full girdling treatment and double 1/4 girdling treatment; selecting a rooting-sprouting-promoting compound A and a rooting-sprouting-promoting compound C from the rooting-sprouting-promoting compound A smeared in the hormone treatment process in the step C).
Particularly, the full ring cutting treatment is selected as the carving treatment in the step B); selecting a rooting-germination-promoting compound A by the hormone treatment in the step C); or double 1/4 ring cutting treatment is selected as the carving treatment in the step B); selecting rooting-sprouting promoting complex C by the hormone treatment in the step C).
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and benefits:
(1) compared with the common root cutting, the method does not need the in-vitro root cutting of the root system, is simple to operate, has no strict requirement on the thickness of the root system, improves the utilization rate of the root system by more than 2 times, can realize the efficient propagation of limited materials, has low damage to the root system of a stock plant, and does not influence the original root system and the individual development; compared with the conventional cuttage and grafting propagation method, the influence of the age effect on the germinated seedlings is reduced, and the germinated seedlings grow in a uniform manner.
(2) In the method, the new germinated seedlings and the mother plant share one root system before being separated in vitro, the root system and the mother plant still keep material exchange and nutrition connection, the mother plant can still continuously supply nutrients required by the seedlings through the connected root system, the survival rate of the seedlings is high, the seedlings can grow quickly, and the growth state is good; after seedling emergence, fine water and fertilizer management is not needed, the later maintenance cost is low, the average amount of manpower and material resources is reduced by 50%, and the cost of continuous seedling culture for many years is low.
(3) The invention can realize continuous seedling raising of the scion-collecting stock plant, the seedlings obtained by promoting germination are provided with the new independent root systems, the new individual is separated from the stock plant root system in whole during transplanting, the original stock plant individual root system does not need to be cut off, the injury to the stock plant root system is small during transplanting of the germinated seedlings, the original site root system can still perform normal physiological functions, and then the same germination-promoting seedling raising can be carried out on other sites with the same root system and different root systems, thereby realizing uninterrupted germination-promoting treatment on the same stock plant.
(4) The rooting-germination-promoting compound or compound liquid used in the hormone treatment process of the method can realize the double effects of germination acceleration and root acceleration at the same part of the root system, and the rooting rate can reach 90 percent. If the number of roots is less than 7, the survival rate is low during transplanting due to less root systems, and the requirement of seedling transplanting cannot be met. In this case, the rooting-germination promoting compound (liquid) can be directly smeared on the root germination sites again, so that more roots are promoted to germinate, and the waste of materials due to poor rooting induction effect or no rooting is reduced; and the lanolin in the compound has a slow release effect, the rooting-germination promoting compound can act on the incised wound part for a long time to achieve the optimal germination promoting effect, and the rooting and germination promoting agent is matched to facilitate the transplantation of the later-stage germinated seedlings and the survival of the transplanted seedlings.
(5) The method of the invention has the advantages that the plant propagation is fast, and new individuals can grow from half a month to one month after the root system is subjected to the germination promotion treatment. Therefore, the method can realize fixed-point and timed germination promotion of the root system and can provide good materials for scientific research and production in forestry. The germinated seedlings and the mother plants grow in the same climate and environment, and the influence of different conditions on the growth of the research material is eliminated. Under the condition of no transplantation of the germinated seedlings, energy exchange and substance transportation always exist between the germinated seedlings and the mother plants, and good research materials are provided for the existence of mutual influence among the same genotype plant individuals. Especially for precious tree species and famous ancient trees, the invention also provides a new form for storing and utilizing resources.
(6) The plant propagation method does not damage the original individual root system, does not damage the plant root system of the mother plant, and does not damage the original plant; the new individuals formed by the method can independently root under the condition of sharing the original individual root system; the survival rate of the newly-sprouted individual is close to one hundred percent, and the newly-sprouted individual can grow healthily without special management; in the process of transplanting the new individual, the new individual with the independent root system can be independently moved out, and the loss of the original root system without fear is avoided; and the new individual has the same gene with the original plant.
The patent content disclosed at present is a new plant formed by germinating a new branch after root cutting, the new plant is a plant individual formed together with an original old root, the plant individual does not have an independent root system, the plant individual can only depend on the nutrition of the original old root of a mother plant to maintain growth, and the transplanting is carried out on the premise of cutting off the old root because of the lack of the root system of the plant individual, the cut old root does not have or has few fine roots, the capacity of absorbing water and nutrients is poor, the balance between plant transpiration and the moisture absorption of the root system is difficult to meet, excessive water loss is caused, the transplanting is difficult to survive, and the old root is also damaged to the root system of the mother plant due to the cutting off of the old root. The root sprout of the invention has a new root system, can survive without cutting off old roots and can be directly transplanted, and a new independent survival plant is formed after survival, and the invention does not cause damage to mother plants, and especially has important significance for the cultivation of ancient trees with important research value and economic value.
The existing root system breeding and seedling raising method is to cut off the root system of the parent plant firstly, then transplant the cut root system, and sprout on the cut root system after the root system leaves the parent plant, and form a new individual. The root system of a new seedling formed on the cut root system is a cut old root, and this method cannot form or rarely forms a new root system through which the new seedling absorbs nutrition. The method generates new seedlings through old roots of mother plants, the growth of the new seedlings depends on limited nutrition of original root systems, and the new seedlings cannot root independently or the number of the new seedlings is small, and the new root systems are not enough to meet the whole growth requirements of the new seedlings. However, the method has a plurality of disadvantages, and the thickness of the old root system of the mother plant directly influences the growth nutrition supplied to new seedlings. If the old root system of the mother plant is too thin, the bud point on the old root system can not germinate, and even if the old root system can germinate, the cut root system can not form a sound seedling because of limited nutrient substances. If the old root system of the mother plant is thick, although the nutrition contained in the section of root system can ensure that the germinated seedling grows well, the original growth condition of the mother plant can be directly influenced by cutting off the thick root from the mother plant. The disadvantages of the method directly result in low propagation coefficient.
The method overcomes the defects of the traditional root system seedling culture, and the new seedlings grown by the method not only have independent root systems, but also share the original root systems with the stock plants before the parent plants are stripped. The material accumulation that the stock plant goes on through modes such as photosynthesis can transmit for newborn seedling through its root system, and the whole root system of stock plant can be shared to newborn individual, also can absorb the nutrition through its self newborn root system, and nutrient source is more extensive, receives the influence of root system thickness itself less. Secondly, the newborn seedling can be completely separated from the root system of the stock plant in a stripping mode without cutting off the original root system, and the damage to the stock plant is small. The seedlings germinated by the method provided by the invention have the new roots, can independently absorb nutrition after being transplanted, and the transplanting survival rate is improved. The method has high propagation coefficient, and does not damage the stock plant.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of the root system of a mother plant to be propagated;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a sphagna coated by 3 rooting-germination promoting treatment sites on the primary root of acacia and a rooting-germination promoting compound.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the full-circle incised wound strip and root system after full-circle incised wound treatment; wherein the wound cut by the scalpel is a point-shaped or linear wound
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a semi-ring incised wound strip and root system after the semi-ring incised wound treatment;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of 1/4 ring cuts and nicks of the tape and root system after double 1/4 ring cuts and nicks.
Description of the reference numerals
1. A root; 11. a first-level root; 12. a secondary root; 13. fine roots; 2. plant growing; 3. cutting and carving the strip in a full circle; 4. cutting and carving the strip in a semi-ring manner; 5. 1/4 cutting the nicked strip circumferentially.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to specific embodiments, and the advantages and features of the invention will become more apparent as the description proceeds. These examples are merely illustrative and do not limit the scope of the present invention in any way. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and that such changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
EXAMPLE 1 formulation of rooting-sprouting promoting Complex
1. Preparing a rooting-germination-promoting compound A
Taking a proper amount of lanolin, placing the lanolin in a beaker, heating and melting the lanolin into a liquid state, adding 6-BA, IBA and IAA, stirring and uniformly mixing to prepare a rooting-germination promoting compound A, wherein the concentration of the 6-BA in the compound A is 10-30 mg/L; the concentration of IBA is 50-150 mg/L; the concentration of IAA is 50-120 mg/L.
The rooting-sprouting promoting compound A in the embodiment of the invention is described by taking the example of uniformly mixing 20mg/L of 6-BA, 100mg/L of IBA, 90mg/LIAA and lanolin, wherein the concentration of 6-BA in the compound A is 10-30 mg/L; the concentration of IBA is 50-150 mg/L; IAA concentrations of 50-120mg/L are suitable for use in the present invention;
2. preparing a rooting-germination promoting compound B
Taking a proper amount of lanolin, placing the lanolin in a beaker, heating and melting the lanolin into a liquid state, adding NAA, IAA, rooting powder and gibberellin, stirring and uniformly mixing to prepare a rooting-sprouting promoting compound B, wherein the concentration of the NAA in the compound B is 50-150 mg/L; the concentration of the IAA is 50-120 mg/L; the concentration of the rooting powder is 100-200 mg/L; the concentration of the gibberellin is 200-400 mg/L.
In the rooting-sprouting promoting compound B in the embodiment of the invention, 100mg/L NAA, 90mg/L IAA, 150mg/L rooting powder, 300mg/L gibberellin and lanolin are uniformly mixed for illustration, and the concentration of the NAA in the composition B is 50-150 mg/L; the concentration of the IAA is 50-120 mg/L; the concentration of the rooting powder is 100-200 mg/L; the gibberellin concentration of 200-400mg/L is suitable for the present invention;
3. preparing a rooting-germination promoting compound C
Taking a proper amount of lanolin, placing the lanolin in a beaker, heating and melting the lanolin into a liquid state, adding IBA, IAA and gibberellin, stirring and uniformly mixing to prepare a rooting-sprouting-promoting compound C, wherein the concentration of the IBA in the compound C is 70-150 mg/L; the concentration of the IAA is 50-200 mg/L; the concentration of the gibberellin is 200-400 mg/L.
In the rooting-sprouting promoting compound C provided by the embodiment of the invention, 100mg/L IBA, 100mg/L IAA, 300mg/L gibberellin and lanolin are uniformly mixed for illustration, wherein the concentration of IBA in the compound C is 70-150 mg/L; the concentration of the IAA is 50-200 mg/L; the gibberellin concentration of 200-400mg/L is suitable for use in the present invention.
4. Preparing rooting-sprouting promoting compound liquid IV
Dissolving 6-BA, IBA and IAA with a small amount of absolute ethyl alcohol, adding water for dilution and uniformly mixing to prepare a rooting-germination promoting compound liquid IV, wherein the concentration of the 6-BA in the compound liquid IV is 10-30 mg/L; the concentration of IBA is 50-150 mg/L; the concentration of IAA is 50-120 mg/L.
The rooting-germination promoting compound liquid IV in the embodiment of the invention is described by taking 20 mg/L6-BA +100mg/L IBA +90mg/LIAA as an example, and the concentration of 6-BA in the compound liquid IV is 10-30 mg/L; the concentration of IBA is 50-150 mg/L; IAA concentrations of 50-120mg/L are suitable for use in the present invention;
5. compounding rooting-germination promoting compound liquid V
Dissolving NAA, IAA, rooting powder and gibberellin with a small amount of anhydrous ethanol, adding water for dilution, and mixing uniformly to prepare a rooting-germination promoting compound solution V, wherein the concentration of the NAA in the compound solution V is 50-150 mg/L; the concentration of the IAA is 50-120 mg/L; the concentration of the rooting powder is 100-200 mg/L; the concentration of the gibberellin is 200-400 mg/L.
In the rooting-sprouting promoting compound solution V in the embodiment of the invention, 100mg/L NAA, 90mg/L IAA, 150mg/L rooting powder and 300mg/L gibberellin are uniformly mixed for illustration, and the concentration of the NAA in the compound solution V is 50-150 mg/L; the concentration of the IAA is 50-120 mg/L; the concentration of the rooting powder is 100-200 mg/L; the gibberellin concentration of 200-400mg/L is suitable for the present invention;
6. preparing rooting-sprouting promoting compound liquid VI
Dissolving IBA, IAA and gibberellin with a small amount of absolute ethyl alcohol, adding water for dilution, and uniformly mixing to prepare a rooting-germination promoting compound solution VI, wherein the concentration of the IBA in the compound solution VI is 70-150 mg/L; the concentration of the NAA is 50-200 mg/L; the concentration of the gibberellin is 200-400 mg/L.
In the rooting-sprouting promoting compound liquid VI in the embodiment of the invention, 100mg/L IBA, 100mg/L NAA and 300mg/L gibberellin are uniformly mixed for illustration, and the concentration of IBA in the compound liquid VI is 70-150 mg/L; the concentration of the IAA is 50-200 mg/L; the gibberellin concentration of 200-400mg/L is suitable for use in the present invention.
Example 2 selection of plants, root systems and selection and Pre-treatment of rooting-Germination promoting treatment sites
The technical scheme of the invention is implemented in Mijiabao nursery Robinia forest in Yangqing district of Beijing city in two time periods from the end of 10 months to the beginning of 11 months in 2018 and from the end of 3 months to the beginning of 4 months in 2019, and the influence of different treatment time on sprouting promotion is compared.
Selecting a vertical land with a smooth slope surface and good soil conditions; and selecting the locust tree stock plant which is vigorous in growth and good in growth vigor for seedling breeding treatment. The plant root system is shown in figure 1, and 2 is the plant.
1. Root selection and pretreatment
1A) Selecting three individual A, B and C robinia pseudoacacia with three-time tree height intervals (aiming at separating 3 stock plant plants from each other) at the same place, and digging three surface roots (namely primary roots 11) outwards along the base part of a trunk of each individual, wherein the three surface roots are marked as I, II and III, namely A-I, A-II and A-III; B-I, B-II, B-III; C-I, C-II, C-III;
then, on each first-level root, respectively selecting three first-level root-rooting-germination promoting treatment points (usually 3 rooting-germination promoting treatment points are selected to be 1m, 2m and 3m away from the trunk, the distance between two adjacent germination promoting treatment points is more than or equal to 1m, preferably 1-1.5m, further preferably 1m), and respectively marked as A-I (1, 2 and 3), A-II (1, 2 and 3) and A-III (1, 2 and 3); B-I (1, 2, 3), B-II (1, 2, 3), B-III (1, 2, 3); C-I (1, 2, 3), C-II (1, 2, 3) and C-III (1, 2, 3), wherein the diameter of the root system at each level 1 root-rooting-germination promoting treatment site is more than or equal to 0.5cm, then three rooting-germination promoting treatment sites on each level one root are cleaned by clear water, soil and impurities are removed, and then the three rooting-germination promoting treatment sites are naturally dried; the diameter of the root system at the treatment site is more than or equal to 0.5cm, preferably 0.5-3cm, and more preferably 2cm, and the root system is free from plant diseases and insect pests and animal gnawing injury.
1B) Digging a secondary root 12 on each primary root, wherein the secondary roots are marked as a, namely A-I-a, A-II-a and A-III-a; B-I-a, B-II-a, B-III-a; C-I-a, C-II-a, C-III-a; the diameter of the secondary root is more than or equal to 0.5cm, namely not less than 0.5 cm; the diameter of the root system at the treatment site is more than or equal to 0.5cm, preferably 0.5-3cm, and more preferably 2cm, and the root system is free from plant diseases and insect pests and animal gnawing injury.
Selecting a position which is about 20cm (usually 15-25cm) away from a branch point (also called an implantation point, namely the implantation point of a secondary root on a primary root) on a secondary root a of each primary root as a secondary root-rooting-germination promoting treatment point which is marked as ①, wherein the diameter of a root system at the rooting-germination promoting treatment point is more than or equal to 0.5cm, then cleaning the rooting-germination promoting treatment point on the secondary root with clear water, removing soil and impurities, and naturally airing;
1C) then digging three thin roots 13 with the diameter less than 0.5cm, marking as b, c and d, namely A-b/c/d; B-B/c/d; C-b/C/d.
Selecting rooting-sprouting promoting treatment sites on each thin root with the diameter of less than 0.5cm, selecting the thin root-rooting-sprouting promoting treatment sites at positions which are smooth in the epidermis and free of nodules and scars near the thin root branching points, then washing the thin root-rooting-sprouting promoting treatment sites with clear water or sterile water, removing soil and impurities, and naturally airing.
Example 3 hormone treatment of plants at rooting-sprouting promoting sites
The first-level roots, the second-level roots and the fine roots of the plant A in the example 2 are not subjected to physical nicking treatment, and only the rooting-product treatment sites are subjected to hormone treatment; wherein:
dipping the prepared pasty rooting-germination promoting compound by using a brush, coating the compound on rooting-germination promoting treatment sites of primary roots and secondary roots of plants around the root system, coating the compound on the rooting-germination promoting treatment sites of the primary roots and the secondary roots of the plants around the root system, wherein the rooting-germination promoting compound wraps the rooting-germination promoting treatment sites of the root system, the width of a coating area is preferably 5cm (usually 3-8cm, namely the coating length along the length direction of the roots is 3-8cm, preferably 5cm), the coating thickness (namely the thickness of the rooting-germination promoting compound) is 1-2mm (usually 0.5-4mm), the compound is uniformly coated, and then the compound is wrapped by using water moss;
soaking the rooting-sprouting promoting treatment site of the fine root in the prepared rooting-sprouting promoting compound solutions IV, V and VI for 5s (usually 3-10s), taking out, and wrapping with water moss.
1. Hormone treatment of primary roots:
1A) respectively coating the three treatment points 1, 2 and 3 of the A-I with a rooting-germination-promoting compound A, performing hormone treatment, namely dipping the prepared pasty rooting-germination-promoting compound A by using a brush, coating the prepared pasty rooting-germination-promoting compound A on the rooting-germination-promoting treatment points of the primary root I of a plant, coating the compound A around the root system, wherein the width of a coating area is preferably 5cm (usually 3-8cm, preferably 5cm), the thickness is 1-2mm (usually 0.5-4mm), uniformly coating the compound A, and then wrapping the compound A with water moss, as shown in figure 2;
1B) and three treatment points 1, 2 and 3 of A-II are respectively coated with a rooting-germination promoting compound B for hormone treatment, the coating method is the same as that of 1A) except that the compound B is coated on the rooting-germination promoting treatment site of the first-level root II of the plant in a surrounding manner;
1C) and three treatment points 1, 2 and 3 of A-III are respectively coated with a rooting-germination promoting compound C for hormone treatment, and the coating method is the same as that of 1A) except that the compound C is coated on a rooting-germination promoting treatment site of a primary root III of a plant.
2. Hormone treatment of secondary roots
2A) A-I-a treatment point ① (grade 2 root-rooting-germination promoting treatment point) is smeared with a rooting-germination promoting compound A, namely a brush is used for dipping the prepared pasty rooting-germination promoting compound A, the compound A is smeared on the rooting-germination promoting treatment point of the secondary root a of the primary root I of the plant around the root system and is smeared around the root system, the width of a smearing area is preferably 5cm (usually 3-8cm, preferably 5cm), the thickness is 1-2mm (usually 0.5-4mm), the smearing area is uniform, and then the compound A is wrapped by water moss;
2B) the treatment point ① of A-II-a is smeared with a rooting-germination promoting compound B, the smearing method is the same as the step 2A) except that the rooting-germination promoting compound B is smeared on the rooting-germination promoting treatment point of the secondary root a of the primary root II;
2C) A-III-a treatment site ① is smeared with a rooting-germination promoting compound C, and the smearing method is the same as that in step 2A) except that the rooting-germination promoting compound C is smeared on the rooting-germination promoting treatment site of the secondary root a of the primary root III.
3. Hormone treatment of fine roots
3A) Soaking the A-b treatment points (rootlet-germination promoting treatment points) in a rooting-germination promoting compound IV, namely soaking the rootlet-germination promoting treatment points of the rootlet b in the rooting-germination promoting compound IV for 5s (usually 3-10s), taking out, and wrapping with water moss;
3B) soaking the treatment points A-c in rooting-germination promoting compound V in the same way as 3A);
3C) soaking the A-d treatment points by using a rooting-germination promoting compound VI in the same way as 3A);
example 3A
1. Burying and covering soil
The rooting-germination promoting treatment sites of the primary roots, the secondary roots and the fine roots subjected to the hormone treatment in the example 3 are wrapped by the dried sphagna, corresponding plastic labels (anti-corrosion labels) are hung on the root system treatment sites respectively, the plastic labels are marked by a pencil, and then the fresh soil is refilled.
Spraying 0.1% potassium permanganate solution on the backfilled fresh soil and the soil around the backfilled fresh soil by using a spraying pot, inserting a vertical stick on the backfilled soil, and marking by using a pencil; and then covering the surface layer of the backfilled soil with rice straws or straws, and spraying water for moisturizing. Is favorable for the treatment site to sprout new roots and tender shoots under the stimulation of the rooting and sprouting promoting compound. The light shielding effect of loose soil and straw stalks is favorable for the growth of tender buds into seedlings; meanwhile, the moisture ensures that the generated new roots can be continuously elongated and then are pricked into the soil to automatically grow.
2. Sprouting management
After 5-8 weeks, after rooting and sprouting promoting treatment points grow seedlings, spraying 40% of full-effect fertilizer and 3% of carbendazim at every two circumferential treatment points, spraying a small amount of water at every other week to ensure that the relative humidity of soil is maintained at about 70%, and timely cleaning weeds around the seedlings.
For each treatment in 2018 winter, the growth of seedlings treated in each treatment after 10 months of treatment (i.e. 7 months in 2019) was statistically investigated, and the results of the investigation were as follows:
among the three treatment sites of A-I, the treatment sites 2 and 3 sprout seedlings, and the measured heights of the seedlings are 14cm and 15 cm; seedlings sprout from the three treatment sites of A-II, and the measured heights of the seedlings are 11cm, 15cm and 6 cm.
3. Transplanting
Whether to transplant can be selected according to specific needs. If transplanting is needed, at the end of 10 months every year, after the seedling leaves, digging a rooting site, stripping the root system of the seedling from the root system of the mother plant by using a pruning shear or a firewood knife, separating out the complete seedling, and transferring the complete seedling into a nutrient soil bag prepared in advance. If the root system promoting germination is selected to be thin, the root system of the stock plant can be cut off and dug out to be used as the root system of the seedling when the root system of the young plant is not easy to separate from the stock plant, so that the survival rate of the seedling and the developed root system are ensured.
Example 4 nicking treatment of plants at rooting-sprouting promoting treatment sites
The primary, secondary and fine roots of the B plants selected in example 2 were treated with physical nicking only and were not treated with hormones.
The branch is scratched with a knife or scissors to a depth as far as the xylem, which is called nicking. Are conventional technical terms in the art. The nicking treatment in the invention adopts the following 4 modes (full girdling, semi-girdling, double 1/4 girdling and scratching) as follows:
girdling refers to the practice of stripping the bark of a certain width around the branches of a plant. Is commonly used in the field of plant cultivation and is a conventional operation technology. The 'full-circle cutting' in the invention means that the root bark of the whole circle of roots is peeled off around the roots of the plants; "semi-girdling" refers to the peeling of 1/2 turns of root bark around the plant roots; "1/4 girdling" refers to the peeling of 1/4 turns of root bark around the roots of the plants.
And (3) performing incising treatment around the root system at the rooting-germination promoting treatment point by using a knife, namely cutting the root bark of the root system along the radial direction of the root, removing the root bark to form an incising strip, and then forming a point-shaped or linear wound on the incising strip by using a knife tip, wherein the wound is deeply inserted into xylem. The direction of the incised wound is vertical to the growth direction of the root system, the cut is flat, wherein the whole circle of root bark is cut and removed to form a full-circle incised wound strip; cutting and removing 1/2 ring root skins to form a semi-ring cutting incised wound strip; the root bark was cut and removed 1/4 to form a 1/4 ring-cut nick strip.
Full girdling: using a scalpel to perform annular incising on a rooting-germination promoting treatment site, removing the root bark of a whole circle to form a full-annular incised wound strip 3, wherein the incised wound direction is vertical to the root growth direction to form an annular strip-shaped incision, as shown in figure 3, and then using a tool tip to form a point-shaped or linear wound on the full-annular incised wound strip, wherein the wound is deeply inserted into xylem.
The width of the annular strip is the length along the length direction of the root system, and the width of the annular strip is 0.5-1cm (preferably 0.75 cm); the depth of the point-like or linear wound is 1-3mm, preferably 2mm, and the wound density is 5-7/cm2Preferably 6/cm2. The depth of the incisional wound of the full circle cutting is preferably just to remove the root bark.
Semi-girdling: circularly incising wound at rooting-sprouting promoting treatment site with scalpel, and removing 1 ^ 42 circles of root bark to form a semi-circular cutting incised wound strip 4, as shown in figure 4, the incising of the incised wound strip is rectangular, the edge is regular, two edges of the rectangle are parallel to the growth direction of the root system, the other two edges are perpendicular to the growth direction of the root system, the length of the incision is 1/2 of the circumference of the root system, the width is 0.5-1cm, the incision depth is suitable for just removing the root bark, then a plurality of punctiform or linear wounds are formed at the wound by a knife tip, the wound penetrates into xylem, the depth is 1-3mm, preferably 2mm, and the wound density is 5-7/cm2Preferably 6/cm2。
The semi-girdling is to perform 1/2 full-girdling treatment at the rooting-germination promoting treatment point of the root system and nick half of the root system along the perimeter of the root system. 1/2 the ring-shaped incised strip is unfolded into rectangle, two sides of which are parallel to the growth direction of the root system, the other two sides are perpendicular to the growth direction of the root system.
Double 1/4 girdling: incising with scalpel at two opposite sides of the same rooting-germination promoting treatment site to remove 1/4 circles of root bark to form two 1/4 ring-cut incised wound strips 5 (as shown in figure 5, 1/4 strips at the opposite side are not shown in the figure), wherein the incised wound strips have rectangular incisions with regular edges, two edges of the rectangle are the same as the root growth direction, the other two edges are perpendicular to the root growth direction, the length of the incisions is 1/4-1/3 (preferably 1/4) of the root circumference, the width is 0.5 cm-1 cm, then, a plurality of punctiform or linear wounds are formed on the incised wound strips by the knife tip, the wounds penetrate into xylem with the depth of 1-3mm, preferably 2mm, and the wound density is 5-7/cm2Preferably 6/cm2。
Double 1/4 girdling is that two opposite surfaces of the same part of the root system are subjected to 1/4 girdling twice, the cut area is similar to that of semi-girdling, and the difference is that the double 1/4 girdling can form two wounds on the same part.
Scratching: and scratching or scratching the thin root with a scalpel by using a tool tip along the growth direction of the root system near a branch point of the thin root, wherein the length of a wound (namely the length along the growth direction of the root system) is 0.5-1cm, scratching is carried out by 4-5 knives at one treatment site, the wound is uniformly scratched along the periphery of the root system, and the incision depth is deeper than the cortex layer to hurt the xylem.
The method comprises the steps of full girdling, semi-girdling and double 1/4 girdling for roots with the diameter of more than 0.5cm, and scratching for roots with the diameter of less than 0.5 cm.
1. Nicking treatment of first-level roots:
1A) the three processing points 1, 2 and 3 of the B-I are respectively subjected to full girdling processing, and the girdling method is the same as the above;
1B) the three processing points 1, 2 and 3 of the B-II are respectively subjected to semi-girdling processing, and the girdling method is the same as the above;
1C) the three treatment points 1, 2 and 3 of B-III are respectively subjected to double 1/4 girdling treatment by the same girdling method.
2. Secondary root cutting treatment
2A) The processing point ① (i.e. the 2-level root rooting-germination promoting processing point) of the B-I-a is subjected to full girdling treatment, and the girdling method is the same as the above;
2B) the processing point ① of B-II-a is subjected to semi-ring cutting processing by the same method as the above;
2C) treatment site ① for B-III-a was subjected to a double 1/4 ring cleavage treatment, using the double 1/4 ring cleavage method described above.
3. Cutting treatment of fine roots
And scratching the thin root-rooting-germination promoting treatment sites of the three thin roots of the B-B/c/d in the same way.
Example 4A
1. Burying and covering soil
The same as example 3A except that the rooting-germination promoting treatment sites of the primary roots, secondary roots and thin roots subjected to the physical cutting treatment in example 4 were covered with dried sphagna;
2. sprouting management
Same as example 3A;
in 2019, 7, 4 and 2018, the growth conditions of the seedlings subjected to the treatments in winter are statistically investigated, and the investigation results are as follows:
2 seedlings sprout from the treatment site 2 of the B-I, and the heights of the seedlings are 15cm and 17cm respectively; and 4 seedlings are germinated at the treatment site 2 of the B-II, and the heights of the seedlings are 10cm, 11cm, 19cm and 20cm respectively.
3. Transplanting
Same as in example 3A.
Example 5 nicking treatment or/and hormone treatment of the rooting-sprouting promoting treated sites of plants
The first, second and fine roots of the plants selected in example 2 were physically incised and hormone treated,
1. nicking and hormone treatment of primary roots:
1A) cutting wounds of full-circle cutting is firstly carried out on three processing points 1, 2 and 3 of the C-I respectively, then a rooting-sprouting promoting compound A is respectively smeared on the processing points, and hormone processing is carried out, wherein the processing method of the full-circle cutting wounds is the same as the step 1A of the embodiment 4), and the smearing method of the hormone processing is the same as the step 1A of the embodiment 3);
1B) cutting the three treatment points 1, 2 and 3 of C-II by semi-ring cutting, coating rooting-germination promoting compound B on the treatment points, and performing hormone treatment, wherein the semi-ring cutting treatment method is the same as the step 1B in the example 4), and the hormone treatment coating method is the same as the step 1B in the example 3);
1C) the three treatment sites 1, 2 and 3 of C-III are respectively subjected to nicking treatment of double 1/4 girdling, then root-promoting compound C is respectively smeared on the treatment sites, and hormone treatment is carried out, wherein the treatment method of double 1/4 girdling nicking is the same as the step 1C of the embodiment 4), and the smearing method of hormone treatment is the same as the step 1C of the embodiment 3).
2. Secondary root incising and hormone treatment
2A) The treatment site ① of C-I-a is first treated by cutting with a full circle, and then the treatment site is smeared with a rooting-germination promoting compound A for hormone treatment, wherein the treatment method of the cutting with the full circle is the same as the step 2A of the example 4), and the smearing method of the hormone treatment is the same as the step 2A of the example 3);
2B) the treatment site ① of C-II-a is first treated by incising with a half-ring cut, then the treatment site is smeared with a rooting-sprouting promoting compound B, and hormone treatment is carried out, wherein the treatment method of incising with a half-ring cut is the same as the step 2B of the example 4), and the smearing method of hormone treatment is the same as the step 2B of the example 3);
2C) the C-III-a treatment site ① was first treated with double 1/4 ring cuts and then treated with hormone by applying root-sprouting promoting complex C to the treatment site, the double 1/4 ring cuts were made in the same manner as in step 2C of example 4) and the hormone treatment was applied in the same manner as in step 2C) of example 3.
3. Incising of fine roots and hormone treatment
3A) The processing site of the fine root of C-b is firstly subjected to incised wound processing by a scratching method, then the processing site is soaked in the rooting-sprouting promoting compound liquid IV for hormone processing, the incised wound processing method of the scratching method is the same as the step 3 of the embodiment 4), and the smearing method of the hormone processing is the same as the step 3A of the embodiment 3);
3B) the treatment site of the fine root of C-C is firstly subjected to incised wound treatment by a scratching method, then the treatment site is soaked in the rooting-sprouting promoting compound liquid V for hormone treatment, the incised wound treatment method of the scratching method is the same as the step 3 of the embodiment 4), and the smearing method of the hormone treatment is the same as the step 3B of the embodiment 3);
3C) the treatment site of the fine root of C-d is firstly subjected to incised wound treatment by a scratching method, then the treatment site is soaked in rooting-sprouting promoting compound liquid VI for hormone treatment, the incised wound treatment method of the scratching method is the same as the step 3 of the embodiment 4), and the smearing method of the hormone treatment is the same as the step 3C) of the embodiment 3).
Example 5A
1. Burying and covering soil
The same as example 3A except that the rooting-germination promoting treatment sites of the primary, secondary and fine roots subjected to the physical cutting treatment and the hormone treatment in example 5 were covered with dried sphagna;
2. sprouting management
Same as example 3A;
in 2019, 7, 4 and 2018, the growth conditions of the seedlings subjected to the treatments in winter are statistically investigated, and the investigation results are as follows:
C-I treatment site 3, 1 seedling is germinated, and the height of the seedling is 11 cm; C- III treatment site 3, 1 seedling is germinated, and the height of the seedling is 17 cm.
3. Transplanting
Same as in example 3A.
The above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely exemplary and do not limit the scope of the present invention in any way. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and that such changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. A plant propagation method is characterized by comprising the steps of firstly selecting a rooting-germination promoting treatment site on a non-isolated root system of a plant, and then carrying out incised wound treatment or/and hormone treatment on a root system of the rooting-germination promoting treatment site.
2. The propagation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plant is selected from the group consisting of a superficial root plant.
3. Propagation method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the scoring treatment is selected from the group consisting of a full ring cutting treatment, a half ring cutting treatment, a double 1/4 ring cutting treatment or a scoring treatment.
4. The propagation method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the hormone treatment is a spreading of a rooting-germination promoting complex on the rooting-germination promoting treatment site; or soaking the root system of the rooting-germination promoting treatment site in the rooting-germination promoting compound liquid for at least 3 s.
5. The propagation method as claimed in claim 3 or 4, wherein the distance between the root system of the rooting-germination promoting treatment site and the trunk of the plant is more than or equal to 1 m.
6. The propagation method as claimed in claim 3 or 4, wherein the root system of the rooting-germination promoting treatment site has a diameter of 0.5cm or more.
7. The propagation method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the rooting-germination promoting complex is selected from rooting-germination promoting complex A containing 6-BA, IBA, IAA and lanolin; a rooting-germination promoting compound B containing NAA, IAA, rooting powder, gibberellin and lanolin, or a rooting-germination promoting compound C containing IBA, IAA, gibberellin and lanolin.
8. The propagation method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the rooting-germination promoting complex liquid is selected from rooting-germination promoting complex liquid VI containing 6-BA, IBA, IAA and water; a rooting-germination promoting compound liquid V containing NAA, IAA, rooting powder, gibberellin and water or a rooting-germination promoting compound liquid IV containing IBA, IAA, gibberellin and water.
9. The propagation method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the nicking treatment is to remove the root bark from the rooting-germination promoting treatment site to form nicked strips; then, a point-like or linear wound is formed on the incised wound strip, and the wound penetrates into the xylem.
10. The propagation method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, further comprising backfilling soil to the root system after the nicking treatment or/and the hormone treatment, burying and covering soil; then sterilizing the backfilled soil of the rooting-germination promoting treatment site; and then carrying out germination management until seedlings develop.
CN201910825393.2A 2018-12-10 2019-09-03 Plant propagation method Pending CN111279894A (en)

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