CN111226529B - Acid mine wasteland greening method using acid-resistant plants as pioneer plants - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for regreening an acid mine waste land by taking acid-resistant plants as pioneer plants, which comprises the steps of spraying slurry mixed with acid-resistant plant seeds on the side slope and platform of the acid mine waste land; collecting seeds of the acid-resistant herbaceous plants after the acid-resistant herbaceous plants are mature, harvesting overground parts, and leaving 2-5 cm of stubbles; the harvested acid-resistant plants are crushed and directly covered on the side slope and the platform of the acid mine waste land; and continuously circulating the steps. The acid-resistant herbaceous plants are used for performing mine wasteland greening, and the method has the advantages of high greening speed and remarkable greening effect; after the treatment by the method, the greening rate can reach more than 80 percent, and the formed vegetation can protect surface soil, reduce soil erosion and effectively relieve water and soil loss, thereby improving the ecological environment of the acid mine wasteland.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of plant restoration of mine wastelands, and particularly relates to an acid mine wasteland greening method by taking acid-resistant plants as pioneer plants.
Background
The acid mining area waste land refers to an open-pit mining field, a dumping field, a tailing dam, a subsidence area and land which is polluted by heavy metal and loses economic utilization value in the mining process of the mining area. The acid mine waste land has certain particularity, has larger difference in physicochemical properties compared with normal soil, and shows extremely strong acidity (pH is less than 3.0). Soil acidification is an expression form of soil degradation, and due to natural mine environment and human factors, pH value is reduced, acid soil is formed, biological activity in soil is influenced, meanwhile, the form of nutrients in soil is changed, the effectiveness of the nutrients is reduced, and toxic effects are generated on plants. The problem of serious soil hardening can occur after soil acidification, so that the normal granular structure of the soil is damaged, and as the general soil layer of the acid mine waste land soil is shallow, the water storage capacity is extremely weak, the problem of water and soil loss is serious, so that plants are difficult to grow, and the harmful substances in the soil can possibly permeate into an underground water source to damage the safety of drinking water in long-term vicious circle. Therefore, it is especially necessary to develop a method for restoring green color of acid mine wastelands by using acid-resistant plants as pioneer plants.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for restoring green of an acid mine wasteland by taking acid-resistant plants as pioneer plants.
The object of the invention is achieved by the following steps:
s1, spraying slurry mixed with acid-resistant plant seeds on the side slope and the platform of the acid mine waste land;
s2, collecting seeds of the acid-resistant plants after the acid-resistant plants are mature, harvesting overground parts, and leaving 2-5 cm of stubbles;
s3, crushing the harvested acid-resistant plants and directly covering the crushed acid-resistant plants on the side slope and the platform of the acid mine waste land;
s4, repeating the steps S1-S3.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the acid-resistant plants are used for carrying out the greening of the abandoned mine land, so that the method has the advantages of high greening speed and remarkable greening effect; after the treatment by the method, the greening rate can reach more than 80 percent, the surface soil can be protected after the vegetation is formed, the soil erosion is reduced, the water and soil loss is effectively relieved, and the ecological environment of the acid mine waste land is improved; according to the invention, the water-retaining holes arranged on the side slope and the platform play a role in collecting rainwater, so that the planting survival rate can be improved, and the re-greening effect is enhanced; the invention can also be matched with planting of acid-resistant climbing vines, on one hand, the root system can fix deeper soil of the side slope with more serious water and soil loss, on the other hand, the acid-resistant climbing vines can cover the side slope region where the acid-resistant climbing vines do not survive through manual intervention, so that the green restoration area is increased, the survival and the growth of the acid-resistant plants after the re-circulation and reseeding in the side slope region where the acid-resistant climbing vines do not survive are facilitated, and the green restoration speed is increased.
Drawings
FIG. 1: the invention has a schematic structure;
in the figure: 1-right-angle platform, 2-anchor rod, 3-ecological bag, 4-water-retaining hole, 5-acid-resistant climbing vine plant planting hole and 6-sunshade net.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not intended to be limiting in any way, and any modifications or alterations based on the teachings of the present invention are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention comprises the following steps:
s1, spraying slurry mixed with acid-resistant plant seeds on the side slope and the platform of the acid mine waste land;
s2, collecting seeds of the acid-resistant plants after the acid-resistant plants are mature, harvesting overground parts, and leaving 2-5 cm of stubbles;
s3, crushing the harvested acid-resistant plants and directly covering the crushed acid-resistant plants on the side slope and the platform of the acid mine waste land;
s4, repeating the steps S1-S3.
Preferably, the circulation steps S1-S3 are to stop the circulation until the acid mine waste land is recovered to be more than 80% after 1-2 years of treatment.
Preferably, after the acid-resistant plants are planted for the first time, the sunshade net 6 is arranged on the side slope and the platform of the acid mine abandoned land, and the sunshade net 6 is removed after sunshade for 1-3 months, so that seed germination and seedling growth are facilitated.
Preferably, the acid-resistant plants covered on the side slopes and platforms of the acid mine wasteland in the step of S3 are dried in air and are incinerated in situ, and the formed plant ash can further neutralize the acid substances in the mine wasteland.
Preferably, the planting time of the acid-resistant plants in the step S1 is spring, and the seed consumption is 1.0-2.0 Kg/667m2。
Preferably, before the step S1, a plurality of right-angle platforms 1 are sequentially dug from top to bottom on the side slope of the acid mine wasteland, the ecological bag 3 filled with the side slope excavated soil is fixed on the vertical surface of the right-angle platform 1 through an anchor rod 2, the right-angle platform 1 and the platform of the acid mine wasteland are respectively provided with an oblique water-retaining hole 4, and a water-retaining agent is filled in the water-retaining hole 4; the water retention agent is super absorbent resin.
Preferably, an inclined acid-resistant vine planting hole 5 is formed beside each water-retaining hole 4, the acid-resistant vine planting hole 5 is positioned above the water-retaining hole 4, and planting soil with the pH of 4.5-5.5 is filled in the acid-resistant vine planting hole 5; when the acid-resistant plants are planted for the first time, acid-resistant vine plant seedlings are transplanted to the acid-resistant vine plant planting holes 5.
Preferably, during the growth process of the acid-resistant climbing vines, the climbing of the acid-resistant climbing vines is interfered by human, so that the acid-resistant climbing vines cover the regions where the acid-resistant climbing vines do not survive.
Preferably, the acid-resistant plant is acid-resistant grass (bromus in poaceae, latin name:Bromus pumpellianus) Ribes acutifolium (genus Ribes of family Cyperaceae, name Latin:Scirpus lushanensis) And medulla Junci (medulla Junci of Juncaceae, Latin name:Juncus articulatus) Medulla Junci (medulla Junci of Juncus of Juncaceae, Latin name:Juncus ochraceus) Or dichromatic azurin (genus azurin of Compositae, Latin name:Anaphalis bicolor）。
preferably, the acid-resistant climbing vine plant is cliff-creeper (vitidae cliff-creeper, latin name:Tetrastigma hypoglaucum) And the large-fruit western-domain cliff creeper (vitidae cliff vine, latin name:Tetrastigma sichouense var. megalocarpum) Pedicellus et pericarpium Trapae (Vitaceae, genus Thunb, Latin name:Tetrastigma triphyllum) Or Yunnan Millettia speciosa (Vitaceae Millettia, Latin name:Tetrastigma yunnanense）。
preferably, the pH value of the acid mine waste land soil is 1-5, and the elevation of the mine is 2000-4000.
The present invention will be further described with reference to examples 1 to 11.
Example 1
S1, spraying slurry mixed with acid-resistant grass seeds on the side slope and the platform of the acid mine wasteland at the altitude of 2500m and the pH value of 2;
s2, collecting seeds of the acid-resistant grass after the acid-resistant grass is mature, harvesting overground parts, and leaving 2cm of stubbles;
s3, crushing the harvested acid-resistant grass and directly covering the crushed acid-resistant grass on a side slope and a platform of an acid mine waste land;
and S4, circulating the steps S1-S3, and stopping circulation until the acid mine waste land is more than 80% greenish after 1 year of treatment.
Example 2
S1, spraying slurry mixed with acid-resistant grass seeds on the side slope and the platform of the acid mine wasteland at the altitude of 2000m and the pH value of 1;
s2, collecting seeds of the acid-resistant grass after the acid-resistant grass is mature, harvesting overground parts, and leaving 5cm of stubbles;
s3, crushing the harvested acid-resistant grass and directly covering the crushed acid-resistant grass on a side slope and a platform of an acid mine waste land;
and S4, circulating the steps S1-S3, and stopping circulation until the acid mine waste land is more than 80% greenish after the acid mine waste land is treated for 2 years.
Example 3
S1, spraying slurry mixed with acid-resistant grass seeds on the side slope and the platform of the acid mine wasteland at the altitude of 4000m and the pH value of 3;
s2, collecting seeds of the acid-resistant grass after the acid-resistant grass is mature, harvesting overground parts, and leaving stubbles for 3.5 cm;
s3, crushing the harvested acid-resistant grass and directly covering the crushed acid-resistant grass on a side slope and a platform of an acid mine waste land;
s4, circulating the steps S1-S3, and stopping circulation until the acid mine waste land is more than 80% greenish after 2 years of treatment;
after the acid-resistant grass is planted for the first time, a sunshade net 6 is arranged on the side slope and the platform of the acid mine abandoned land, and the sunshade net 6 is removed after 1 month of sunshade.
Example 4
S1, spraying slurry mixed with scirpus luviensis seeds on the side slope and the platform of the acid mine waste land at the altitude of 3800m and the pH of 4;
s2, collecting seeds of the scirpus lupulus after the scirpus lupulus is mature, and harvesting overground parts of the seeds with stubble remaining for 3.5 cm;
s3, crushing the harvested Ribes nurseri, directly covering the crushed Ribes nurseri on the side slopes and the platforms of the acid mine waste land, and burning the Ribes nurseri in situ after the Ribes nurseri covered on the side slopes and the platforms of the acid mine waste land are dried in the air;
s4, circulating the steps S1-S3, and stopping circulation until the acid mine waste land is more than 80% greenish after 2 years of treatment;
after planting the scirpus auricularpus for the first time, arranging a sunshade net 6 on the side slope and the platform of the acid mine abandoned land, and removing the sunshade net 6 after sunshade for 3 months.
Example 5
S1, spraying slurry mixed with the seeds of the rush pith on the side slope and the platform of the acid mine wasteland at the altitude of 3000m and the pH value of 5; the planting time of the rush is spring, the seed consumption is 1.0Kg/667m2；
S2, collecting seeds of the small rush after the small rush is mature, harvesting the overground part of the seeds, and leaving stubbles for 3 cm;
s3, crushing the harvested rush pith, directly covering the crushed rush pith on the side slope and the platform of the acid mine waste land, and burning the rush pith in situ after the rush pith covering the side slope and the platform of the acid mine waste land is dried in the air;
s4, circulating the steps S1-S3, and stopping circulation until the acid mine waste land is more than 80% greenish after 2 years of treatment;
after planting the rush, arranging a sunshade net 6 on the side slope and the platform of the acid mine abandoned land, and removing the sunshade net 6 after shading for 1 month.
Example 6
S1, sequentially digging a plurality of right-angle platforms 1 from top to bottom on the side slope of the acid mine waste land with the altitude of 2200m and the pH value of 2, fixing an ecological bag 3 filled with the side slope excavated soil on the vertical surface of each right-angle platform 1 through an anchor rod 2, respectively punching oblique water-retaining holes 4 in the right-angle platforms 1 and the platform of the acid mine waste land, and filling water-retaining agents in the water-retaining holes 4;
s2, spraying slurry mixed with the seeds of the rush pith on the side slope and the platform of the acid mine waste land; the planting time of the rush is spring, the seed consumption is 2.0Kg/667m2；
S3, collecting seeds of the small rush after the small rush is mature, harvesting the overground part of the seeds, and leaving stubbles for 3 cm;
s4, crushing the harvested rush pith and directly covering the crushed rush pith on a side slope and a platform of an acid mine waste land;
s5, circulating the steps S1-S3, and stopping circulation until the acid mine waste land is more than 80% greenish after 2 years of treatment;
after planting the rush, arranging a sunshade net 6 on the side slope and the platform of the acid mine abandoned land, and removing the sunshade net 6 after sunshade for 2 months.
Example 7
S1, sequentially digging a plurality of right-angle platforms 1 from top to bottom on the side slope of the acid mine waste land with the altitude of 2200m and the pH value of 2.5, fixing an ecological bag 3 filled with the excavated soil of the side slope on the vertical surface of each right-angle platform 1 through an anchor rod 2, respectively punching oblique water-retaining holes 4 in the right-angle platforms 1 and the platform of the acid mine waste land, and filling water-retaining agents in the water-retaining holes 4; an inclined acid-resistant vine planting hole 5 is formed beside each water-retaining hole 4, the acid-resistant vine planting hole 5 is positioned above the water-retaining hole 4, and planting soil with the pH of 4.5 is filled in the acid-resistant vine planting hole 5;
s2, spraying slurry mixed with seeds of the rush pith on the side slope and the platform of the acid mine waste land; the planting time of the rush is spring, the seed consumption is 1.5Kg/667m2；
S3, collecting seeds of the rush after the rush is mature, harvesting overground parts, and leaving stubbles for 3 cm;
s4, crushing the harvested rush, and directly covering the crushed rush on a side slope and a platform of an acid mine waste land;
s5, circulating the steps S1-S3, and stopping circulation until the acid mine waste land is more than 80% greenish after 2 years of treatment;
after planting the rush, arranging a sunshade net 6 on the side slope and the platform of the acid mine abandoned land, and removing the sunshade net 6 after sunshade for 2 months; when planting the scirpus cottonii for the first time, transplanting cliff-vine seedlings to the planting holes 5 of the acid-resistant vines.
Example 8
S1, sequentially digging a plurality of right-angle platforms 1 from top to bottom on the side slope of the acid mine waste land with the altitude of 3000m and the pH value of 3, fixing an ecological bag 3 filled with the side slope excavated soil on the vertical surface of each right-angle platform 1 through an anchor rod 2, respectively punching oblique water-retaining holes 4 in the right-angle platforms 1 and the platform of the acid mine waste land, and filling water-retaining agents in the water-retaining holes 4; an inclined acid-resistant vine planting hole 5 is formed beside each water-retaining hole 4, the acid-resistant vine planting hole 5 is positioned above the water-retaining hole 4, and planting soil with the pH value of 5.5 is filled in the acid-resistant vine planting hole 5;
s2, spraying mud mixed with Ribes nigrum seeds on the side slopes and platforms of the acid mine waste land; the planting time of Ribes nurseri is spring, and the seed consumption is 1.5Kg/667m2；
S3, collecting seeds of the scirpus lupulus after the scirpus lupulus is mature, and harvesting overground parts of the seeds with 3cm of stubbles;
s4, crushing the harvested Ribes nurseri and directly covering the crushed Ribes nurseri on side slopes and platforms of acid mine waste lands;
s5, circulating the steps S1-S3, and stopping circulation until the acid mine waste land is more than 80% greenish after 2 years of treatment;
after planting the scirpus auricularpus for the first time, arranging a sunshade net 6 on the side slope and the platform of the acid mine abandoned land, and removing the sunshade net 6 after sunshade for 2 months; transplanting large-fruit west-domain cliff vine seedlings to the planting holes 5 of the acid-resistant vine plants when planting the scirpus cottonii for the first time; in the growth process of the large-fruit western-domain cliff creeper, the climbing of the large-fruit western-domain cliff creeper is manually interfered, so that the large-fruit western-domain cliff creeper covers the area where the scirpus lupulus does not survive.
Example 9
S1, sequentially digging a plurality of right-angle platforms 1 from top to bottom on the side slope of the acid mine waste land at the altitude of 3000m and with the pH value of 3.5, fixing ecological bags 3 filled with the side slope excavated soil on the vertical surface of the right-angle platforms 1 through anchor rods 2, respectively punching oblique water-retaining holes 4 in the right-angle platforms 1 and the platform of the acid mine waste land, and filling water-retaining agents in the water-retaining holes 4; an inclined acid-resistant vine planting hole 5 is formed beside each water-retaining hole 4, the acid-resistant vine planting hole 5 is positioned above the water-retaining hole 4, and planting soil with the pH value of 5 is filled in the acid-resistant vine planting hole 5;
s2, spraying slurry mixed with the dichromatic vanilla seeds on the side slope and the platform of the acid mine wasteland; the planting time of the bicolor pimento is spring, and the seed consumption is 2Kg/667m2；
S3, collecting seeds of the bicolor turquoise after the bicolor turquoise is mature, harvesting overground parts, and leaving stubbles of 4 cm;
s4, crushing the harvested dichromatic azurin, and directly covering the crushed dichromatic azurin on a side slope and a flat surface of an acid mine waste land;
s5, circulating the steps S1-S3, and stopping circulation until the acid mine waste land is more than 80% greenish after 2 years of treatment;
after planting the dichromatic green for the first time, arranging a sunshade net 6 on a side slope and a platform of an acid mine abandoned land, and removing the sunshade net 6 after shading for 2 months; transplanting the seedlings of the cliff-flower warrior herb into the planting holes 5 of the acid-resistant climbing plant when the bicolor fragrant green is planted for the first time; during the growth process of the cliff-flower warrior, the climbing of the cliff-flower warrior is manually intervened, so that the cliff-flower warrior is covered in an area where the dichromatic palustris leaves are not alive.
Example 10
S1, sequentially digging a plurality of right-angle platforms 1 from top to bottom on the side slope of the acid mine waste land at the altitude of 2800m and with the pH value of 3.2, fixing an ecological bag 3 filled with the side slope excavated soil on the vertical surface of each right-angle platform 1 through an anchor rod 2, respectively punching oblique water-retaining holes 4 in the right-angle platforms 1 and the platform of the acid mine waste land, and filling water-retaining agents in the water-retaining holes 4; an inclined acid-resistant vine planting hole 5 is formed beside each water-retaining hole 4, the acid-resistant vine planting hole 5 is positioned above the water-retaining hole 4, and planting soil with the pH of 4.5 is filled in the acid-resistant vine planting hole 5;
s2, spraying slurry mixed with acid-resistant grass seeds on the side slopes and platforms of the acid mine wasteland; the planting time of the acid-resistant grass is spring, and the seed consumption is 2Kg/667m2；
S3, collecting seeds of the acid-resistant grass after the acid-resistant grass is mature, harvesting overground parts, and leaving 5cm of stubbles;
s4, crushing the harvested acid-resistant grass and directly covering the crushed grass on the side slope and the flat surface of the acid mine waste land;
s5, circulating the steps S1-S3, and stopping circulation until the acid mine waste land is more than 80% greenish after 2 years of treatment;
after planting the acid-resistant grass for the first time, arranging a sunshade net 6 on a side slope and a platform of the acid mine abandoned land, and removing the sunshade net 6 after sunshade for 2 months; transplanting Yunnan cliff-vine seedlings to the planting holes 5 of the acid-resistant climbing-vine plants when the acid-resistant grass is planted for the first time; in the process of growing the Yunnan cliff-creeper, the climbing of the Yunnan cliff-creeper is manually interfered, so that the Yunnan cliff-creeper covers an area where the acid-resistant grass does not survive.
Example 11
The survival rates of the acid-resistant plants of examples 6 to 9 and the adjusted soil pH were measured, and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 Total Complex Green statistics
Claims (8)
1. An acid mine wasteland greening method taking acid-resistant plants as pioneer plants is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, spraying slurry mixed with acid-resistant plant seeds on the side slope and the platform of the acid mine waste land;
s2, collecting seeds of the acid-resistant plants after the acid-resistant plants are mature, harvesting overground parts, and leaving 2-5 cm of stubbles;
s3, crushing the harvested acid-resistant plants and directly covering the crushed acid-resistant plants on the side slope and the platform of the acid mine waste land;
s4, circulating the steps S1-S3;
before the step S1, the method further comprises the steps of sequentially digging a plurality of right-angle platforms (1) from top to bottom on the side slope of the acid mine waste land, fixing an ecological bag (3) with the side slope excavated soil on the vertical surface of each right-angle platform (1) through an anchor rod (2), respectively punching oblique water-retaining holes (4) on the right-angle platforms (1) and the platform of the acid mine waste land, filling water-retaining agents in the water-retaining holes (4), respectively punching oblique acid-resistant climbing vine plant planting holes (5) beside each water-retaining hole (4), wherein the acid-resistant climbing vine plant planting holes (5) are positioned above the water-retaining holes (4), the water-retaining holes (4) and the acid-resistant climbing vine plant planting holes (5) are inclined towards the direction far away from the right-angle platforms (1), and planting soil with the pH value of 4.5-5.5 is filled in the acid-resistant climbing vine plant planting holes (5); when the acid-resistant plants are planted for the first time, acid-resistant vine plant seedlings are transplanted to the acid-resistant vine plant planting holes (5).
2. The method for regreening acid mine waste land using acid-resistant plants as pioneer plants as claimed in claim 1, wherein the recycling steps S1-S3 are performed until 80% or more of the acid mine waste land is regreened after 1-2 years of treatment.
3. The acid mine wasteland greening method using acid-resistant plants as pioneer plants as claimed in claim 1, wherein after the acid-resistant plants are planted for the first time, sunshade nets (6) are installed on the side slopes and platforms of the acid mine wasteland, and the sunshade nets (6) are removed after sunshade for 1-3 months.
4. The acid mine wasteland greening method of claim 1, wherein the acid-resistant plants to be covered on the side slopes and the landforms of the acid mine wasteland in the step of S3 are incinerated in situ after being air-dried.
5. The method for acid mine wasteland greening with acid-resistant plants as pioneer plants as claimed in claim 1, wherein the acid-resistant plants are planted in spring at S1 step, and the amount of seeds is 1.0-2.0 Kg/667m2。
6. The method for restoring the green of the acid mine wasteland with the acid-resistant plants as the pioneer plants as claimed in claim 1, wherein during the growth of the acid-resistant creeper plants, the climbing of the acid-resistant creeper plants is manually intervened to cover the regions where the acid-resistant creeper plants do not survive.
7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the acid-resistant plants are selected from acid-resistant plants, black currant, small rush, or bicolor.
8. The method for restoring green color to the acid mine waste land by using the acid-resistant plants as the pioneer plants according to claim 1 or 6, wherein the acid-resistant climbing plant is Millettia fordii Hance, Millettia macrocarpa Hance, Millettia sideruri Hance or Millettia yunnanensis Hance.
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