KR100494567B1 - Forest restoration method for abandoned mine zone by board leaved tree chips - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for restoring waste vegetation vegetation using a hardwood chip, the organic acid content of the waste-rock soil acidified by using a hardwood chip that can be easily obtained at low cost without covering the soil at high cost By improving the soil in a short time, it is possible to restore the vegetation to the environment-friendly forest for the entire waste-rock soil. To this end, in the abandoned mine vegetation restoration method that can shorten the vegetation restoration period to the environment-friendly forest as a neutral soil with increased organic matter content in the soil of the acidified waste mine, a deciduous hardwood chip with excellent water absorption ability on the waste rock of the abandoned mine Spreading it to a thickness, seeding the herbaceous or shrub seeds on the waste-rock soil on which the hardwood chips are laid, and / or covering the soil with 0.5-1.5 cm on the hardwood chips so that the hardwood chips are slightly covered. Characterized in that it comprises a step.

Description

Vegetation restoration method using abandoned hardwood chips {Forest restoration method for abandoned mine zone by board leaved tree chips}

The present invention relates to a waste mine vegetation restoration method that can restore vegetation to environmentally friendly forests using hardwood chips without expensive soil cover to recover the waste coal mine at a high cost. Restoration of vegetation to environment-friendly forests for the entire waste-rock soil by improving acidified waste-rock soils with neutral soils with increased organic content in a short time using hardwood chips, which are readily available at low cost without covering soil at high cost. The present invention relates to a method for restoring a vegetated vegetation using abandoned hardwood chips.

As is well known today, when coal use is reduced, coal mines are temporarily abandoned and recovery of waste mines (waste coal mines) is carried out. The ground was cleaned up by slope trimming and ground clearance.

In addition, as a disaster prevention facility, sandstone stacks and retaining walls are installed to prevent collapse, and stone canals, mudstones, and periosteums are used to prevent spills. Was carried out. In addition, the cover of abandoned mines cost a lot of money, so the mines were restored by digging a pit and planting trees to plant all kinds of trees and landscape species.

In other words, the recovery of the abandoned minefield has been carried out by arranging the ground according to the inclination of the accumulated waste rock and stacking the rocks for disaster prevention facilities, and planting the trees in the pits and planting them with all-round species and landscape species. Through the trees, however, the planting tree growth was not good due to waste-rock, and because of the cost, the waste-rock soil was exposed because it was not covered all over the abandoned mines, and restoration of vegetation to the forest was required.

Therefore, wasteland soil was exposed due to the lack of recovery budget, which resulted in the risk of damage during heavy rainfall. In particular, due to the lack of recovery budget due to excessive recovery, the structure is damaged or collapsed due to lack of size and quantity of the workpiece.Reconstruction is required due to lack of budget due to full cover soil cover. It is true.

On the other hand, forests restored to forests after the recovery of the abandoned coal mines are covered with about 50cm of thickness on the entire area of abandoned mines, planting trees and sowing seeds so that vegetation is being restored to forests after about 12 years. However, in the process of decommissioning and collectively restoring the grouped abandoned mines (mainly coal mines), only planting pits were covered, so that the planting trees became active. There is an urgent need for reconstruction for full vegetation restoration.

The present invention was developed in view of the above situation, and by using wood chips discarded in the production of pulp against waste rock soil which is unsuitable for plant growth due to the cost of recovering the waste coal mine while not recovering the past coal mine. It is possible to restore the vegetation to the environment-friendly forests of the entire waste-rock soil of waste mines at a low cost, and to significantly reduce the restoration period, thereby providing moisture, humidity and The purpose of the present invention is to provide a vegetation restoration method for waste paper using hardwood chips that can be improved to neutral soil so that the food supply and temperature can be maintained smoothly.

Waste mine vegetation restoration method using the hardwood chip of the present invention for achieving the above object is a neutral soil with increased organic matter content to the soil of acidified waste mines, waste vegetation restoration that can shorten the vegetation restoration period to environmentally friendly forest In the method, basically, the step of spreading the hardwood chip having excellent moisture absorption ability on the waste-rock soil of the waste mine paper to a certain thickness, and the step of sowing the herbaceous seeds or shrub seeds on the waste-rock soil on which the hardwood chip is laid. In addition, the method may include the step of planting the supernatant seeds or shrub seeds on the waste-rock soil of the waste mine land, and spreading the hardwood chip with excellent moisture absorption ability to a predetermined thickness on the seeded waste-rock soil.

In addition, the soil may be further covered with a soil cover 0.5-1.5 cm on the hardwood chip so that the hardwood chip is slightly covered, in particular, the hardwood chip is stretched to cover a height of about 2-5cm on the waste-rock soil Treatment, but it is preferable to use a bark (bark) of oak discarded during the production of pulp to form a length of about 2-5cm. Furthermore, the hardwood chip may be sprayed or sprinkled with complex fertilizer so that the supply of organic materials and moisture moisturizing power to the waste-rock soil are further increased.

Hereinafter, the waste paper vegetation restoration method using the hardwood chip of the present invention will be described in detail based on the preferred embodiment.

Usually, waste-rock soil is acidified soil that is unsuitable for plant growth because it does not cover the soil while recovering the waste coal mine. It is unsuitable for plant growth due to high temperature of soil surface, low water content, large grain size and strong heat absorption. . In other words, due to the lack of food, such as nitrogen or phosphorus, there is no organic matter, so the lack of microorganisms inevitably lead to a lack of food.

In addition, the waste-rock is composed of gravel with a particle diameter of 2mm or more, so it is easy to dry due to the low adsorption power of water and salts. Especially, the black waste-rock has strong heat absorption ability, so that the surface temperature rises to 60 ℃, so the vegetation is high in the summer. As a result, the waste-rock soil has an acidic pH of 5.0-7.0, which is inadequate for plant growth.

The wood chips according to the present invention used on such waste-rock soils are hardwood chips which are finely crushed pure bark (bark) (coniferous chips having relatively poor moisture absorption cannot be used), which blocks the heat of waste-rock soil. This is because it is suitable not only to maintain moisture, humidity, etc., in which plants can grow, but also to improve waste stone (acidic) of waste paper into neutral soil. In particular, the hardwood chip applied in the present invention uses the bark of the pulp oak (bark of the oak), which is preferably used by crushing the bark of oak discarded during the production of pulp (2-5cm).

<Table of Budget for Waste Vegetation Improvement of Vegetation Recovery>

First, in contrast to the vegetation restoration method of the present invention and the budget required for vegetation restoration of the abandoned mine land by the existing cover soil, as shown in the contrast table, compared to the conventional vegetation restoration method to cover the thickness of 20 cm thick The vegetation restoration method of the present invention using the can be seen that the recovery budget is cheaply generated about 11 times.

<Test section composition table>

The above test plot composition table is prepared for the test conditions of the test strips of various embodiments to which the waste mine paper vegetation restoration method using the hardwood chip according to the present invention is applied, and the hardwood chip applied to the waste mine vegetation restoration method of the present invention is produced during pulp production. The oak bark (bark) of discarded oak was used to be formed to a length of about 2-5 ㎝, and in particular, the hardwood chips were covered at least about 2-5 ㎝ above the waste crushed soil. Spread more than it can.

As shown in the picture of Figures 7 to 12, in these test spheres to which the vegetation restoration method using the hardwood of the present invention is applied, the step of spreading the hardwood chip having excellent moisture absorption ability on the waste-rock soil of the waste mine paper to a certain thickness, and Sowing of super herbaceous seeds or shrub seeds on the waste-rock soil on which the hardwood chips are laid, and / or soil cover to a certain thickness on the hardwood chips so that the hardwood chips are slightly covered. Even before seeding, seed sowing was performed first, but the results were not significantly different.

Also, in the cover treatment for the hardwood chip, the soil was treated with 0.5-1.5 cm on the hardwood chip so that the hardwood chip was slightly covered, and the hardwood chip was unfolded and seeded as shown in Test 4 of FIG. 10. Vegetation was possible even if the cover was not made in the state.

In particular, the hardwood chip that is overlaid on the waste-rock soil was treated with a height of about 2-5 ㎝ which is not exposed to the waste-rock soil, the result was not much different. However, when the hardwood chips were not unrolled with respect to the waste-rock, as in Test District 6 of FIG. 12, vegetation was killed due to the high heat of the waste-rock.

Through each of these test spheres (Figs. 7 to 12), it was confirmed that the herbaceous seeds and shrubs can be reliably vegetated using the deciduous trees on the waste-rock soil of the abandoned mine grounds using the hardwood chips of the present invention. . 7 to 10, which are Test Zones 1 to 4, cover hardwood chips about 5cm on the waste-rock among the pine trees planted to recover the old abandoned mines (waste coal mines), and scatter the birds and sesame seeds, which are herbaceous seeds, on them. In the case of the test strip 1, the cover soil was covered with 0.5 cm or less, and the test strip 2 was completely covered with the vegetation covering 105 days after being covered with 0.5-1.0 cm, and in the case of the test strip 3, The cover soil was covered with 1.0-1.5cm higher than the test strip 2, so that the hardwood chips were completely covered. Especially, test strip 4 was not covered with soil, but after 105 days, the vegetation soils were covered. I could confirm this possible.

Test 5 of FIG. 11 covered hardwood chips about 2 cm on waste-rock soil, and covered the soil soil with 0.5 cm of cover soil after spreading the herbaceous seeds on it, and after 105 days, it was confirmed. As shown in Fig. 4, the herb seed was completely vegetated. However, as shown in the test zone 6 of Fig. 12, when seedlings were sown without laying hardwood chips on the waste-rock, it was confirmed that the germinated seeds died due to the high heat of the waste-rock.

On the other hand, according to the present invention, it was investigated whether soil remediation and vegetation restoration were possible after 105 days of the hardwood chip spreading treatments according to the waste mine vegetation restoration method according to the present invention. The waste-rock soil and one seeded test plot were investigated. The irradiation period was 15 days (twice a month) after spreading hardwood chips. Soil improvement, moisture and nutrient status of waste-rock soil, temperature change of ground surface, grass seed The vegetation status, plant growth status in the test plot, and seed germination status of the waste-rock were investigated.

<Investigation 1>

After spreading hardwood chips on waste rock, which is acidic soil, it was confirmed that acid soil was improved to soil rich in organic matter, an environment where plants and microorganisms can live. The plant was difficult to grow because of its low particle size, high pumice size, lack of nutrients such as nitrogen phosphorus, and low organic matter content.However, after hardwood chip treatment, surface temperature and moisture and nutrient status were maintained, and plants and microorganisms were inhabited. That is to say, it was found that the organic soil content is rich in neutral soil.

That is, even in the change of soil pH, acidic soils with pH 5.0-7.0 of waste-rock soils were changed to neutral soils, while the soil moisture retention was improved to 58-75%, whereas waste-rock test was 30-40%. Could. For reference, the surrounding larch planting was maintaining 50-55%. In the soil temperature, the chip test zone was 18-22 ℃, which was not significantly different from the waste-rock test zone 19-21 ℃ and the surrounding larch planting 20-22 ℃. 7.0 was found to be slightly neutral compared to the waste-rock test pH5.0-5.8 and the surrounding larch plantation pH6.0-6.5.

<Investigation 2>

As a result of investigating the germination and vegetation cover condition of the herbaceous seed or shrub seed on the soil covered slightly after the hardwood chip treatment, the waste-rock soil before the treatment consisted of gravel of 2 mm or more in size, It is less easy to dry, and the black waste-rock has a strong heat absorption ability, so the surface temperature can be raised to 60 ℃, so it cannot be vegetated, but after 20 days in the test zone in which seedlings were seeded and some soil was covered after hardwood chip treatment. Seed germination from one day changed the entire area of Test 2 completely covered as shown in FIG. 8.

In other words, the first class seed, Chamsari evenly grew about 2-15 ㎝ on the entire area of the test, and the bird (ripping) was found to grow about 30-80 ㎝ due to the roots rooted on the entire area of the test. In particular, as a result of analyzing the seed germination rate, it was confirmed that the seed germination rate was higher when the seed was sown directly on the waste-rock soil to cover the deciduous chip than after the seed treatment on the chip.

<Investigation 3>

Seed germination and vegetation cover condition of the test zone which did not cover the soil after hardwood chip treatment. Seed germination without spreading the hardwood chip on the waste-rock and covering soil by the same method as the result of the above investigation 2 And vegetation coating state was not different from the results of survey 2.

<Investigation 4>

As a result of checking whether the hardwood chip flows in the rainwater and seed germination even if the slope of the test zone is more than 30 °, the hardwood chip has high adsorptive power by water, so it adheres well to the waste-rock and does not flow down even when wet. Vegetation coating state was confirmed that there is no difference from the results of the above investigations 1 to 3. However, when the soil was covered on the slope, it fell into the rainwater and clavicle.

<Investigation 5>

As a result of comparing the growth state of the reforested afforestation planted in the test zone, that is, the planted wood of the contiguous waste-rock soil, organic materials were supplied to the waste-rock soil by spreading the hardwood chips to 5cm in the test zone and sprinkling compound fertilizer on the chips to enhance the fertilizer effect. And the moisture moisturizing power was found that the growth of trees was promoted. That is, the planting material of the hardwood chip test plot was grown to about 30 cm, whereas the planting material of the waste-rock test plot was grown to about 20 cm.

<Investigation 6>

Seed germination and vegetation were possible even in the unreclaimed waste-rock soil, and as a result, the seed germination was found in the performance analysis of the test plots in which the soybeans and birds, which are superficial seeds, were grown in the waste-rock soil. Seeds that were killed and planted in the shade of the planting tree were confirmed that they did not die after germination.

In summary, the results of the investigation of the results of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 6, were used to examine whether soil improvement was possible by treating hardwood chips on waste-rock soil, but the soil of the waste-rock soil was acidic before the test. The soil after aging) was transformed into neutral soil for seed germination, and the growth of pine tree planting was not changed even in the state of restoration of the tree after the hardwood chip treatment. It can be seen that significantly higher than. As a result of analyzing the germination state of the herbaceous seed after hardwood chip treatment (period and sowing time after sowing), it was confirmed that the germination state of the seeded soybean seed was good.

In addition, as shown in the photo of Figure 6, when the hardwood chip is laid about 2-5cm on the waste-rock soil of the waste mines, and when the herbaceous seeds or shrubs are scattered, the seed germinated is not limited to the height and performance of the soil cover. The vegetation was completely restored to cover the chip, but when planting seed species without applying hardwood chips on the waste-rock soil, the vegetation could not be achieved due to the high heat of the waste-rock soil. It was found through various tests and investigations that the hardwood chip that can supply the organic materials with high moisturizing power is optimal.

Therefore, through the vegetation restoration method using the deciduous tree chip of the present invention, not only soil improvement and vegetation restoration of acidic waste-rock soils are possible, but also the deciduous tree chip which can be easily obtained and inexpensive compared to the soil which is expensive and not easy to carry By utilizing it, it is expected that the vegetation restoration period to the environment-friendly forest for the entire waste-rock soil can be shortened drastically. On the other hand, in the present invention, sowing seeds of shrubs or shrubs, so that the supply of organic matter and moisture moisturizing power to the waste-rock soil covered with the hardwood chip is increased, so that the seedlings or shrubs can be sprinkled with a suitable fertilizer so that the growth is smooth. Of course, you can maximize the effect.

As described above, the vegetation restoration method of the waste mine paper (wastestone soil) using the broad-leaved chip according to the present invention is improved by reducing the wastestone soil of the grouped waste mines, thereby reducing the budget according to the rehabilitation (vegetation restoration) and expanding the forest to the mine wasteland of the whole country soil. Restoration is possible, which may be feasible with a budget of 1/11 compared to the recovery cost of conventional cover method of flattening over 20 cm.

In addition, it is possible to shorten the restoration period of vegetation by promoting the growth of forest species (planting trees) and the cover of forest seed species, which allows the entire vegetation restoration of the site, and also the maintenance and maintenance of temperature and moisture on the surface of waste-rock soil. Nutrients) can be increased (increased), making it possible to access vegetation cover of vegetation, planting trees, making access to surrounding plant seeds and vegetation seeds, and to create additional effects to create manpower employment in abandoned mines. do.

In particular, compared to the conventional cover work, the soil can be improved by laying light hardwood chips, and the work is relatively easy, and there are many effects such as a reduction in the budget and a shortening of the recovery period for the full improvement of the waste-rock. .

Figure 1 is a photograph of the initial state of trees planted at intervals on the waste-rock to recover the waste coal mine (waste mine)

Figure 2 is a photograph of the step of sprinkling hardwood chips on waste-rock soil according to the present invention.

Figure 3 is a photograph of a state that the hardwood chip is sprayed to a certain thickness on the waste-rock soil according to the present invention.

Figure 4 is a photograph of 30 days after the seed germination germinated over the waste-rock soil sprinkled with hardwood chips according to the present invention.

Figure 5 is a photograph of the elapsed 45 days after the seed germination germinated over the waste-rock soil sprinkled with hardwood chips according to the present invention.

Figure 6 is a photograph after 105 days of vegetation restored by the herbaceous seeds germinated over the waste-rock soil sprinkled with hardwood chips according to the present invention.

Figure 7 is a photograph of the test strip 1 is applied waste vegetation vegetation restoration method according to the present invention.

Figure 8 is a photograph of the test strip 2 applied waste vegetation vegetation restoration method according to the invention.

Figure 9 is a photograph of the test strip 3 applied to the abandoned mine vegetation method according to the invention.

Figure 10 is a photograph of the test sphere 4 applied to the abandoned mine vegetation method according to the invention.

Figure 11 is a photograph of the test strip 5 applied waste vegetation vegetation restoration method according to the invention.

Figure 12 is a photograph of the test strip 6 applied waste vegetation vegetation restoration method according to the present invention.

Claims (6)

In the neutral mine vegetation restoration method that can shorten the vegetation restoration period to the environment-friendly forest as a neutral soil with increased organic matter content in the soil of the acidified waste mine, The step of spreading the hardwood chip formed by shredding the bark of the oak (bark) discarded during the production of pulp to a height of about 2-5cm on the waste-rock soil of waste paper, and the hardwood A method for restoring abandoned vegetation using hardwood chips, comprising the step of planting a seed or shrub species on the chipped waste-rock soil. In the neutral mine vegetation restoration method that can shorten the vegetation restoration period to the environment-friendly forest as a neutral soil with increased organic matter content in the soil of the acidified waste mine, Sowing seed or shrub species on the waste-rock soil of waste paper, and seeding the hardwood chips formed to a length of about 2-5 cm by crushing bark of oak which is discarded during pulp production. A method for restoring abandoned mine vegetation using hardwood chips, characterized in that it comprises a step of spreading so as to cover a height of about 2-5cm on the soil. The method of claim 1 or 2, further comprising the step of covering the soil on the hardwood chip to cover the soil so that the hardwood chip slightly covered with vegetation chip vegetation using a hardwood chip, characterized in that it further comprises . delete delete The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the hardwood chip is a waste paper land vegetation restoration method using a hardwood chip, characterized in that the compound fertilizer is sprayed to increase the supply of organic matter and moisture moisturizing power to the waste-rock soil.